Analog To Digital

4/17/2017 CH 07 HW
CH 07 HW
Due: 11:59pm on Monday, April 17, 2017
You will receive no credit for items you complete after the assignment is due. Grading Policy
Conceptual Question 7.7
A small car is pushing a large truck. They are speeding up.
Part A
Is the force of the truck on the car larger than, smaller than, or equal to the force of the car on the truck?
ANSWER:
The force of the truck on the car is smaller than the force of the car on the truck.
The force of the truck on the car is equal to the force of the car on the truck.
The force of the truck on the car is larger than the force of the car on the truck.
Correct
A Book on a Table
A book weighing 5 N rests on top of a table.
Part A
A downward force of magnitude 5 N is exerted on the book by the force of
ANSWER:
https://session.masteringphysics.com/myct/assignmentPrintView?assignmentID=5249428 1/28
4/17/2017 CH 07 HW
the table
gravity .
inertia
Correct
Part B
An upward force of magnitude _____ is exerted on the _____ by the table.
ANSWER:
6 N / table
5 N / table
5 N / book
6 N / book
Correct
Part C
Do the downward force in Part A and the upward force in Part B constitute a 3rd law pair?
Hint 1. The force of gravity

The force of gravity is another name for the force exerted by the earth (or any astronomical object) on objects near
its surface.
Hint 2. Exploring Newton's 3rd law

Indicate whether the following statements about Newton's 3rd law are true, false, or indeterminate.
1. According to Newton's 3rd law, every real force has a unique pair force.
2. The pair force is called a "fictitious force."
3. The force and pair force must act on different point masses.
4. The force and the pair force must always have the same magnitude and must also act in exactly
opposite directions.
Enter t for true, f for false, or i for indeterminate for each statement, separating the answers with commas
(e.g., if all but the first statement were true, you would enter f,t,t,t).
ANSWER:
, , ,
t f t t
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ANSWER:
yes
no
Correct
Part D
The reaction to the force in Part A is a force of magnitude _____, exerted on the _____ by the _____. Its direction is _____ .
Hint 1. The force of gravity

The force of gravity is another name for the force exerted by the earth (or any astronomical object) on objects near
its surface.
ANSWER:
5 N / earth / book / upward
5 N / book / table / upward
5 N / book / earth / upward
5 N / earth / book / downward
Correct
Part E
The reaction to the force in Part B is a force of magnitude _____, exerted on the _____ by the _____. Its direction is _____.
ANSWER:
5 N / table / book / upward
5 N / table / earth / upward
5 N / book / table / upward
5 N / table / book / downward
5 N / earth / book / downward
Correct
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Part F
Which of Newton's laws could we have used to predict that the forces in Parts A and B are equal and opposite?
Check all that apply.

ANSWER:
Newton's 1st law
Newton's 2nd law
Newton's 3rd law
Correct
Since the book is at rest, either Newton's 1st or 2nd law can tell us that the net force on it must be zero. This means
that the force exerted on it by the earth must be equal and opposite to the force exerted on it by the table.
Part G
Which of Newton's laws could we have used to predict that the forces in Parts B and E are equal and opposite?
ANSWER:
Newton's 1st law
Newton's 2nd law
Newton's 3rd law
Correct
PSS 7.1 Interacting-Objects Problems
Learning Goal:
To practice Problem-Solving Strategy 7.1 for interacting-objects problems.
A 1260 -kg car is pushing an out-of-gear 2100 -kg truck that has a dead battery. When the driver steps on the accelerator, the
drive wheels of the car push horizontally against the ground with a force of 4520 N . The rolling friction of the car can be
neglected, but the heavier truck has a rolling friction of 755 N , including the "friction" of turning the truck's drivetrain. What is the
magnitude of the force the car applies to the truck?
PROBLEM-SOLVING STRATEGY 7.1 Interacting-objects problems
MODEL: Identify which objects are part of the system and which are part of the environment. Make simplifying assumptions.
VISUALIZE: Draw a pictorial representation.
Show important points in the motion with a sketch. You may want to give each object a separate coordinate
system. Define symbols, list acceleration constraints, and identify what the problem is trying to find.
Draw an interaction diagram to identify the forces on each object and all action/reaction pairs.
4/17/2017 CH 07 HW
Draw a separate free-body diagram for each object showing only the forces acting on that object, not forces
exerted by the object. Connect the force vectors of action/reaction pairs with dashed lines.
SOLVE: Use Newton's second and third laws.
Write the equations of Newtons second law for each object, using the force information from the free-body
diagrams.
Equate the magnitudes of action/reaction pairs.
Include the acceleration constraints, the friction model, and other quantitative information relevant to the problem.
Solve for the acceleration, and then use kinematics to find velocities and positions.
ASSESS: Check that your result has the correct units and significant figures, is reasonable, and answers the question.
Model
The car and the truck are separate objects that form the system. Since only the straight-line motion of the car and truck is
involved in this problem, model them as particles. The earth and the road surface are part of the environment.
Visualize
Part A
Which of the following diagrams is the correct interaction diagram for the situation described in this problem? Each red line
represents an interaction and an action/reaction pair of forces. The labels used in the diagrams are the following:
C = car
T = truck
R = road surface
EE = entire earth
ANSWER:
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Correct
For each object in the system, three interaction lines cross the system boundary and thus represent external forces.
These are the gravitational force from the entire earth, the upward normal force, and a friction force from the road
surface. In addition, one interaction line connects the two objects in the system. This represents an internal interaction,
that is, an action/reaction pair.
Part B
Assuming that the car pushes the truck to the right, which of the following free-body diagrams is the correct diagram for the
situation described in this problem? In each case, the diagram on the left refers to the car, and that on the right to the truck.
Dashed lines connect action/reaction pairs. The following notation is used: f , n, and F G

are, respectively, friction, normal

force, and gravity; subscripts C and T stand for "acting on car" and "acting on truck"; F ConT is the force exerted on the

truck by the car; and F TonC is the force exerted on the car by the truck. Note that the force vectors are not drawn in scale.
Hint 1. Draw the free-body diagram for the car

Complete the free body diagram of the car by drawing the forces that act on it. Assume the car pushes the truck to
the right.
Draw the vectors with their tails at the black dot, which represents the car. The orientation of your vectors
will be graded. The length of your vectors will not be graded.
ANSWER:
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Hint 2. Draw the free-body diagram for the truck

Complete the free-body diagram of the truck by drawing the forces that act on it. Assume the car pushes the truck to
the right.
Draw the vectors with their tails at the black dot, which represents the truck. The orientation of your vectors
will be graded. The length of your vectors will not be graded.
ANSWER:
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ANSWER:
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Correct

As the car pushes the truck with a force F ConT , the truck pushes back on the car with a reaction force F TonC . Since

F ConT acts on the truck, it must be shown on the truck's free-body diagram; similarly, F TonC acts on the car, so it is
shown on the car's free-body diagram.
There is also a second action/reaction pair that is not shown in the diagram above. When the car pushes against the
ground with a force of 4520 N , the ground pushes back on the car with a force of equal magnitude. To propel forward,
the car must be pushing backward against the ground. So, the ground must respond by pushing the car forward. This

forward-directed force exerted by the ground is f C , a static friction force acting on the car's tires. It is a static friction
force because, even though the tires are rolling, the bottom of each tire, where it contacts the road, is instantaneously
at rest. Furthermore, note that it is this forward-directed static friction force that propels the system forward!
Now that you have identified all the forces acting on the system, don't forget to include the necessary acceleration
constraints in your pictorial representation. In this problem, there is only one acceleration constraint: the car and the
truck are both accelerating along the x direction and at the same rate, so
aC = aT = ax .
Solve
Part C
What is the magnitude FConT of the force that the car exerts on the truck? Use the coordinate system shown in Part B,

where upward is the positive y direction and to the right, the direction F ConT points, is the positive x direction.
Express your answer in newtons to three significant figures.
Hint 1. How to approach the problem

You've already identified all of the forces, their directions, and how they relate as third-law pairs. Begin by writing
down Newton's second law for each component of the truck and then the car. Notice, however, that neither object
has a vertical acceleration. Therefore, the y-component equations don't give you any information toward finding
FConT . They simply tell you that the normal force and the weight are equal and oppositely directed for each object.
Then, solve Newton's second law for the acceleration of each object (recalling that the acceleration does not have a
y component) and substitute in the numerical values that you are given for the force magnitudes. Use the
acceleration constraint to combine the two equations to give a single equation. Finally, eliminate FTonC using the

fact that the magnitudes of F TonC and F ConT are equal, and solve the resulting equation for FConT .
Hint 2. Set up Newton's second law for the truck'sx components

Write Newton's second law for the truck by adding the forces acting on the truck along the x direction.
Use the coordinate system shown in Part B, where the positive y direction is upward, and the positive x direction is to
the right. The signs of the forces in your expression are determined by this choice of coordinates.
F
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Express your answer in terms of some or all of the following variables: FConT , the magnitude of the force
the car exerts on the truck; n T , the magnitude of the normal force on the truck; fT , the magnitude of the
friction between the truck's tires and the ground; and FGT , the magnitude of the gravitational force of the
truck.
ANSWER:
Fx = mT ax = = FConT f
T
Hint 3. Set up Newton's second law for the car'sx components

Write Newton's second law for the car by adding the forces acting on the car along the x direction.
Use the coordinate system shown in Part B, where the positive y direction is upward, and the positive x direction is to
the right. The signs of the forces in your expression are determined by this choice of coordinates.
Express your answer in terms of some or all of the following variables: FTonC , the magnitude of the force
the truck exerts on the car; n C , the magnitude of the normal force on the car; fC , the friction between the
car's tires and the ground; and FGC , the magnitude of the weight of the car.
ANSWER:
Fx = mC ax = = f
C
FTonC
Hint 4. Find the frictional force on the car

When the driver steps on the accelerator, the drive wheels of the car push against the ground with a force of 4520 N
. What is the magnitude fC of the frictional force exerted by the ground on the car's tires?
Express your answer in newtons to three significant figures.
Hint 1. The action/reaction pair

When the car pushes against the ground with the given force, the ground pushes back on the car with a force
of equal magnitude, but opposite in direction.
What is the magnitude of the frictional force exerted by the ground on the car?
ANSWER:
f
C
= 4520 N
ANSWER:
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FConT = 3110 N
Correct
Assess
Part D
What is the acceleration aT of the truck?
Express your answer in meters per second squared to three significant figures.
Hint 1. How to approach the problem

Since you have found FConT , and you are given the frictional force acting on the truck, you can calculate the net
force on the truck. Just use Newton's second law with this net force and the mass given in the introduction to find the
truck's acceleration.
ANSWER:
aT = 1.12 m/s
2
Correct
This is a reasonable acceleration for a truck being pushed by a car. If you had found something greater than 10 m/s2 ,
you should be suspicious, since that would imply that the truck were accelerating more quickly than if it had been
dropped from a building. Similarly, if you had found an acceleration less than 0.1 m/s2 , you should be suspicious, as
this is an extremely small acceleration for a car (even one pushing a truck).
Notice, also, that the force that the car exerts on the truck is smaller than the force that the ground exerts on the car.
This should make sense to you: If the car exerted a greater force on the truck than the ground exerted on the car, the
third-law partner (the force that the truck exerts on the car) would be so big that the net force on the car would be
backward!
Binary Star System
A binary star system consists of two stars of masses m1 and m2 . The stars, which gravitationally attract each other, revolve
around the center of mass of the system. The star with mass m1 has a centripetal acceleration of magnitude a1 .
Note that you do not need to understand universal gravitation to solve this problem.
Part A
Find a2 , the magnitude of the centripetal acceleration of the star with mass m2 .
Express the acceleration in terms of quantities given in the problem introduction.
Hint 1. What causes acceleration?
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First consider what makes the stars orbit around their center of mass. Which of the following statements most
correctly explains the physical origin of the centripetal acceleration of the star of mass m2 ?
1. The gravitational force between the star of mass m1 and the star of mass m2 provides the centripetal
acceleration necessary for circular motion.
2. The circular motion of the star of mass m2 generates the centripetal acceleration.
3. The centripetal acceleration is the sum of the acceleration due to gravity and the acceleration due to
the circular motion.
4. Once moving, the inertia of star 2 causes it to continue moving along its circular orbit, at constant
speed, as dictated by Newton's First Law.
ANSWER:
Hint 2. Relationship between forces on each star

What is the magnitude of the force acting on the star of mass m2 ?
Express your answer in terms of F1 , the magnitude of the force that acts on the star with mass m1 .
ANSWER:
F2 = F1
Hint 3. How to relate acceleration and force

According to Newton's 2nd law, how can you express F1 , the magnitude of the force that acts on the star with mass
m1 , in terms of m1 and a1 ?
ANSWER:
F1 = m1 a1
Hint 4. Putting it together

If you now apply Newton's 2nd law to the star of mass m2 , you should be able to find its acceleration by combining
the formulas from the previous hints.
ANSWER:
a1
a2 = m1
m2
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Correct
To make sure you understand this result, consider the actual gravitational force acting on each star. The magnitude of
the gravitational force on either star due to the other one is given by
Gm1 m2
Fg =
2
,
R
where R is the separation between the stars.
Now, consider Newton's 2nd law for the star of mass m1 . The net external force is Fg , so m1 a1 = Fg .
Now consider Newton's 2nd law applied to the star of mass m2 . Once again, the net external force acting on this star
will be Fg , so Newton's 2nd law for the star of mass m2 is m2 a2 = Fg .
You can see that the same force, Fg , appears in both the equation for the star of mass m1 and that for the star of
mass m2 . (Think about how this relates to Newton's 3rd law.) You can therefore write m2 a2 = Fg = m1 a1 . Solving
for the acceleration a2 you find the equation a2 = m1 a1 /m2 . Note that you did not need to know the exact form of
the gravitational force, nor did you need to know G or R. Newton's 3rd law allows you to realize that Fg is the same
for the two stars, and Newton's 2nd law allows you to solve for a in terms of m2 , m1 , and a1 .
Problem 7.3
A steel cable with mass is lifting a girder. The girder is speeding up.
Part A
Draw a free-body diagram for the steel cable.
Draw the vectors starting at the black dots. The location and orientation of the vectors will be graded. The length of
the vectors will not be graded.
ANSWER:
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Correct
Part B
Draw a free-body diagram for the girder.
Draw the vectors starting at the black dots. The location and orientation of the vectors will be graded. The length of
the vectors will not be graded.
ANSWER:
Correct
Problem 7.7 - Enhanced - with Feedback
Block B in rests on a surface for which the static and kinetic coefficients of friction are 0.65 and 0.40, respectively. The ropes are
massless.
You may want to review ( pages 165 - 168) .
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Part A
What is the maximum mass of block A for which the system remains in static equilibrium?
Express your answer with the appropriate units.

ANSWER:
mA = 13 kg
Correct
Here we learn the difference between the static and kinetic friction.
Blocks with masses of 2 kg , 4 kg , and 6 kg are lined up in a row on a frictionless table. All three are pushed forward by a 59 N
force applied to the 2 kg block.
Part A
How much force does the 4 kg block exert on the 6 kg block?
Express your answer to one significant figure and include the appropriate units.
ANSWER:
F = 30 N
Correct
Here we learn how to use Newton's second and third laws applied to three bodies.
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Part B
How much force does the 4 kg block exert on the 2 kg block?
Express your answer to two significant figures and include the appropriate units.
ANSWER:
F = 49 N
Correct
Here we learn how to use Newton's second and third laws applied to three bodies.
Problem 7.13
An 81.0 kg spacewalking astronaut pushes off a 660 kg satellite, exerting a 120 N force for the 0.490 s it takes him to
straighten his arms.
Part A
How far apart are the astronaut and the satellite after 1.20 min ?

ANSWER:
58.5 m
Correct
Conceptual Question 7.13
The hand in is pushing on the back of block A. Blocks A and B, with

mB > mA , are connected by a massless string and slide on a
frictionless surface.
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Part A
Is the force of the string on B larger than, smaller than, or equal to the force of the hand on A?
ANSWER:
The force of the string on B is smaller than the force of the hand on A.
The force of the string on B is larger than the force of the hand on A.
The force of the string on B is equal to the force of the hand on A.
Correct
Tension in a Massless Rope
Learning Goal:
To understand the concept of tension and the relationship between tension and force.
This problem introduces the concept of tension. The example is a rope, oriented vertically, that is being pulled from both ends.
Let Fu and Fd (with u for up and d for down) represent the magnitude
of the forces acting on the top and bottom of the rope, respectively.
Assume that the rope is massless, so that its weight is negligible
compared with the tension. (This is not a ridiculous approximation--
modern rope materials such as Kevlar can carry tensions thousands
of times greater than the weight of tens of meters of such rope.)
Consider the three sections of rope labeled a, b, and c in the figure.
At point 1, a downward force of magnitude Fad acts on section

a.
At point 1, an upward force of magnitude Fbu acts on section
b.
At point 1, the tension in the rope is T1 .
At point 2, a downward force of magnitude Fbd acts on section
b.
At point 2, an upward force of magnitude Fcu acts on section c.
At point 2, the tension in the rope is T2 .
Assume, too, that the rope is at equilibrium.
Part A
What is the magnitude Fad of the downward force on section a?
Express your answer in terms of the tension T1 .
ANSWER:
Fad = T1
Correct
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Part B
What is the magnitude Fbu of the upward force on section b?
Express your answer in terms of the tension T1 .

ANSWER:
Fbu = T1
Correct
Part C
The magnitude of the upward force on c, Fcu , and the magnitude of the downward force on b, Fbd , are equal because of
which of Newton's laws?
ANSWER:
1st
2nd
3rd
Correct
Part D
The magnitude of the force Fbu is ____ Fbd .
ANSWER:
less than
greater than
equal to
Correct
It is important to realize that Fbu and Fbd are not a Newton's third law pair of forces. Instead, these forces are equal
and opposite due to the fact that the rope is stationary (ab = 0) and massless(mb = 0). By applying Newtons first or
second law to this segment of rope you obtain Fb net = Fbu Fbd = mb ab = 0, since mb = 0 and ab = 0. Note
that if the rope were accelerating, these forces would still be equal and opposite because mb = 0.
Part E
Now consider the forces on the ends of the rope. What is the relationship between the magnitudes of these two forces?
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Hint 1. Consider the bigger picture

From Part D, we see that the internal forces of the rope are simply equal to each other. This leaves us with only the
external forces to deal with. Since the rope is massless, what must be the relationship between these external
forces?
ANSWER:
Fu > Fd
Fu = Fd
Fu < Fd
Correct
The forces on the two ends of an ideal, massless rope are always equal in magnitude. Furthermore, the magnitude of
these forces is equal to the tension in the rope.
Part F
The ends of a massless rope are attached to two stationary objects (e.g., two trees or two cars) so that the rope makes a
straight line. For this situation, which of the following statements are true?

ANSWER:
The tension in the rope is everywhere the same.
The magnitudes of the forces exerted on the two objects by the rope are the same.
The forces exerted on the two objects by the rope must be in opposite directions.
The forces exerted on the two objects by the rope must be in the direction of the rope.
Correct
Applying Newton's 2nd Law
Learning Goal:
To learn a systematic approach to solving Newton's 2nd law problems using a simple example.
Once you have decided to solve a problem using Newton's 2nd law, there are steps that will lead you to a solution. One such
prescription is the following:
Visualize the problem and identify special cases.

Isolate each body and draw the forces acting on it.
Choose a coordinate system for each body.
Apply Newton's 2nd law to each body.
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Write equations for the constraints and other given information.
Solve the resulting equations symbolically.
Check that your answer has the correct dimensions and satisfies special cases.
If numbers are given in the problem, plug them in and check that the answer makes sense.
Think about generalizations or simplfications of the problem.
As an example, we will apply this procedure to find the acceleration of a block of mass m2 that is pulled up a frictionless plane
inclined at angle with respect to the horizontal by a perfect string that passes over a perfect pulley to a block of mass m1 that
is hanging vertically.
Visualize the problem and identify specialcases
First examine the problem by drawing a picture and visualizing the motion. Apply Newton's 2nd law, F = ma, to each body
in your mind. Don't worry about which quantities are given. Think about the forces on each body: How are these consistent with
the direction of the acceleration for that body? Can you think of any special cases that you can solve quickly now and use to test
your understanding later?
One special case in this problem is if m2 = 0, in which case block 1 would simply fall freely under the acceleration of gravity:
^
a1
= g j .
Part A
Consider another special case in which the inclined plane is vertical ( = /2 ). In this case, for what value of m1 would the
acceleration of the two blocks be equal to zero?
Express your answer in terms of some or all of the variables m2 and g .
ANSWER:
m1 = m2
Correct
Isolate each body and draw the forces acting on it

A force diagram should include only real forces that act on the body and satisfy Newton's 3rd law. One way to check if the forces
are real is to detrmine whether they are part of a Newton's 3rd law pair, that is, whether they result from a physical interaction
that also causes an opposite force on some other body, which may not be part of the problem. Do not decompose the forces into
components, and do not include resultant forces that are combinations of other real forces like centripetal force or fictitious
forces like the "centrifugal" force.
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Assign each force a symbol, but don't start to solve the problem at this point.
Part B
Which of the four drawings is a correct force diagram for this problem?
ANSWER:
Correct
Choose a coordinate system for each body
Newton's 2nd law, F = ma, is a vector equation. To add or subtract vectors it is often easiest to decompose each vector into
components. Whereas a particular set of vector components is only valid in a particular coordinate system, the vector equality
holds in any coordinate system, giving you freedom to pick a coordinate system that most simplifies the equations that result
from the component equations.
It's generally best to pick a coordinate system where the acceleration of the system lies directly on one of the coordinate axes. If
there is no acceleration, then pick a coordinate system with as many unknowns as possible along the coordinate axes. Vectors
that lie along the axes appear in only one of the equations for each component, rather than in two equations with trigonometric
prefactors. Note that it is sometimes advantageous to use different coordinate systems for each body in the problem.
In this problem, you should use Cartesian coordinates and your axes should be stationary with respect to the inclined plane.
Part C
Given the criteria just described, what orientation of the coordinate axes would be best to use in this problem?
In the answer options, "tilted" means with the x axis oriented parallel to the plane (i.e., at angle to the horizontal),
and "level" means with the x axis horizontal.
ANSWER:
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tilted for both block 1 and block 2
tilted for block 1 and level for block 2
level for block 1 and tilted for block 2
level for both block 1 and block 2
Correct
Apply Newton's 2nd law to each body
Part D
What is F2x , the sum of the x components of the forces acting on block 2? Take forces acting up the incline to be
positive.
Express your answer in terms of some or all of the variables tension T , m2 , the magnitude of the acceleration of
gravity g , and .
Hint 1. Decompose the force of gravity on block 2

In this problem, the hardest force vector to express in terms of its coordinates is the force of gravity on block 2. The
magnitude of the weight is m2 g. Find the force of gravity in terms of its components, using a tilted coordinate system
whose x axis is parallel to and pointing up the inclined plane.

Express the force of gravity on block 2, F g2 , in terms of some or all of the variables m2 , g , and . Express
your answer as a vector in terms of the unit vectors ^i and ^
j.
ANSWER:
^ ^
F g2 = m2 g(sin() i + cos() j )
ANSWER:
m2 a2x = F2x = T m2 gsin
Correct
Part E
Now determine m1 a1y = F1y , the sum of the y components of the forces acting on block 1. Take forces acting upward
as positive.
Express your answer in terms of some or all of the variables T , m1 , and g .
ANSWER:
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m1 a1y = F1y = T m1 g
Correct
Part F
Write equations for the constraints and other given information
In this problem, the fact that the length of the string does not change imposes a constraint on relative accelerations of the
two blocks. Find a relationship between the x component of the acceleration of block 2, a2x , and the acceleration of block 1.
Pay careful attention to signs.
Express a2x in terms of a1x and/or a1y , the components of the acceleration vector of block 1.
Hint 1. Visualize the motion

If block 2 has an acceleration a2x up the incline, must the acceleration of block 1 be upward or downward to keep
the string taut?
ANSWER:
a2x = a1y
Correct
Part G
Solve and check
In the previous parts, you obtained the following equations using Newton's 2nd law and the constraint on the motion of the
two blocks:
m2 a2x = T m2 g sin(), (1)
m1 a1y = T m1 g, (2)
and
a2x = a1y . (3)
Solve these equations to find a1y .
Before you enter your answer, make sure it satisfies the special cases you already identified:
a1y = g if m2 = 0 and
a1y = 0 if m1 = m2 and = /2 .
Also make sure that your answer has dimensions of acceleration.
Express a1y in terms of some or all of the variables m1 , m2 , , and g .
Hint 1. How to solve the equations

Substitute for T from equation (1) into equation (2) and then use a2x from equation (3) in the new equation (2). This
will yield a linear equation in a1y that is easy to solve.
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ANSWER:
m2 gsinm1 g
a1y =
m1 +m2
Correct
Can you see how a simple generalization of the problem could be solved with a little extra work or how you could solve
a nontrivial problem that is a subset of this one?
For example, imagine that there is friction in this problem between the plane and block 2. This would lead to an
additional force on block 2: Ff 2 = N , where the normal force N is given by N = m2 g cos().
This additional force would lead to a new term in the expression for the acceleration of block 1:
m2 sin()m2 cos()m1
a1y = g.
m1 +m2
Now, by choosing whether or not = 0 , you have a result that can be applied whether the plane is frictionless or not!
Problem 7.20
Two blocks are attached to opposite ends of a massless rope that goes over a massless, frictionless, stationary pulley. One of
3
the blocks, with a mass of 2.5 kg accelerates downward at .
g
4
Part A
What is the mass of the other block?

ANSWER:
m = 0.36 kg
Correct
The 1.0 kg block in the figure is tied to the wall with a rope. It sits on top of the 2.0 kg block. The lower block is pulled to the right
with a tension force of 20 N. The coefficient of kinetic friction at both the lower and upper surfaces of the 2.0 kg block is k =
0.340.
4/17/2017 CH 07 HW
Part A
What is the tension in the rope holding the 1.0 kg block to the wall?
ANSWER:
3.33 N
Correct
Here we learn how to calculate the kinetic friction force.
Part B
What is the acceleration of the 2.0 kg block?
ANSWER:
m
3.34
s2
Correct
Here we learn how to determine a body acceleration while multiple friction forces take place.
Problem 7.33

Two packages at UPS start sliding down the 20 ramp shown in the figure. Package A has a mass of 5.00 kg and a coefficient
of kinetic friction of 0.200. Package B has a mass of 8.50 kg and a coefficient of kinetic friction of 0.150.
4/17/2017 CH 07 HW
Part A
How long does it take package A to reach the bottom?
ANSWER:
1.49 s
Correct
Problem 7.41
The 1.1 kg physics book in figure is connected by a string to a 550 g coffee cup. The book is given a push up the slope and
released with a speed of 3.5 m/s . The coefficients of friction are s = 0.50 and k = 0.20 .
Part A
How far does the book slide?
ANSWER:
0.91 m
4/17/2017 CH 07 HW
Correct
Part B
At the highest point, does the book stick to the slope, or does it slide back down?
ANSWER:
stick to the slope
slide back downhill
Correct
Score Summary:
Your score on this assignment is 96.6%.
You received 144.94 out of a possible total of 150 points.

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4/17/2017 CH 07 HW

Conceptual Question 7.7

A small car is pushing a large truck. They are speeding up.

A book weighing 5 N rests on top of a table.

Hint 1. The force of gravity

Hint 2. Exploring Newton's 3rd law

Hint 1. The force of gravity

5 N / earth / book / upward

5 N / book / table / upward

5 N / book / earth / upward

5 N / earth / book / downward

5 N / table / book / upward

5 N / table / earth / upward

5 N / book / table / upward

5 N / table / book / downward

5 N / earth / book / downward

Check all that apply.

Newton's 1st law

Newton's 2nd law

Newton's 3rd law

Newton's 1st law

Newton's 2nd law

Newton's 3rd law

PSS 7.1 Interacting-Objects Problems

PROBLEM-SOLVING STRATEGY 7.1 Interacting-objects problems

SOLVE: Use Newton's second and third laws.

Hint 1. Draw the free-body diagram for the car

Hint 2. Draw the free-body diagram for the truck

Hint 1. How to approach the problem

Hint 2. Set up Newton's second law for the truck'sx components

Hint 3. Set up Newton's second law for the car'sx components

Hint 4. Find the frictional force on the car

Express your answer in newtons to three significant figures.

Hint 1. The action/reaction pair

Hint 1. How to approach the problem

Binary Star System

Express the acceleration in terms of quantities given in the problem introduction.

Hint 1. What causes acceleration?

Hint 2. Relationship between forces on each star

Hint 3. How to relate acceleration and force

Hint 4. Putting it together

where R is the separation between the stars.

Problem 7.7 - Enhanced - with Feedback

You may want to review ( pages 165 - 168) .

Express your answer with the appropriate units.

Problem 7.9 - Enhanced - with Feedback

You may want to review ( pages 165 - 168) .

Express your answer with the appropriate units.

Conceptual Question 7.13

The hand in is pushing on the back of block A. Blocks A and B, with

The force of the string on B is equal to the force of the hand on A.

Tension in a Massless Rope

Consider the three sections of rope labeled a, b, and c in the figure.

At point 1, a downward force of magnitude Fad acts on section

Assume, too, that the rope is at equilibrium.

Express your answer in terms of the tension T1 .

Hint 1. Consider the bigger picture

Check all that apply.

The tension in the rope is everywhere the same.

Applying Newton's 2nd Law

Visualize the problem and identify special cases.

Visualize the problem and identify specialcases

Isolate each body and draw the forces acting on it