Final Report

1. Describe the points to note when the foundation is constructed.

Foundation of a building is the most important part of the building, so the

foundation solution have largely role to control total investment of the building.
Furthermore, this building is constructed in weak stratum in coastal region which
may lead to more careful consideration.

Firstly, soil survey should be executed in the area of the building. Information of
soil layers from ground level to rock or good supporting layer are examined and
processed. Primary soil survey are acquired by field sampling and by remote
sensing.

After collecting data of sub soil layer, engineer propose solution for foundation. It
should be noted that there are many sand layer in this area. If the sub soil too weak,
it may required some method to improve soil properties such as sand mat, sand
compaction piles...In coastal region, soil corrosion and land sliding also occur and
foundation shall be designed to prevent this phenomenon. Engineer can read data
from other buildings with similar soil profile and compare with actual profile of this
area to find the best solution of foundation. In this case, pile foundation may be used
to support the building.

Another point to note is selection type of pile foundation. There are many type of
pile foundation that I was study for example: steel pile, precast concrete pile, cast in
place concrete pile...When design pile, the construction method should be take into
account as primary criteria. Pile shall be designed to have sufficient strength to
support super structure ( axial and moment), shear forces from sub soil( causing by
landslide), positive and negative friction and other load during construction. one
more point, construction method of pile is essential for selection of pile foundation.
NGUYEN TUAN DAT- NUCE Page 1
In conclusion, weak and deep bearing stratum required careful consideration.
Engineer should try several options and compare to make decision for foundation
solution.

2. A high-rise building with 150 m height is designed. Describe the points to

note when it is design.
In design phase of the building, structure engineer need to take into account
everything to make the building safe and stable and useful. Following criteria are
important to note in view of structure engineer.

Firstly, foundation solution is considered. The building is constructed in weak soil,

so foundation structure control very large portion of building cost and construction
time as well. As answer from question 1, foundation solution should be given a
priorities in design.

Secondly, structure system of super structure are also important criteria. In case of
high-rise building, lateral force transfer are more crucial. In my point of view, for
150 m height building, the core wall system combine with frame system are suitable
for this building. For vertical force transfer system, there are many solutions and it
depend on architecture, function of the building. After selecting main structure
system of the building, all loads and effect allies on the building need to be
considered. In many building codes, it specified the value of both vertical and
horizontal load, engineer shall apply properly building code to design the building.
However, for special or unfamiliar building, engineer also take a look in vulnerable
effect for example wind or seismic. If it require, the small scale model of the
building can be made to investigate behavior of the building.

NGUYEN TUAN DAT- NUCE Page 2

One more point, material using for the building should be affordable and available.
Material give structure engineer a good solution to solve many problem. Nowadays,
green and light weight material are prefer than conventional one such as normal
concrete or low strength steel.

To conclude, all criteria are combined to create a good design and engineer should
make decision based on them.

NGUYEN TUAN DAT- NUCE Page 3