CHEMISTRY : The branch of science that studies the natural sciences which deal with the

composition of substances, their properties and their chemical reactions with one another is
called chemistry. It is derived from the Egyptian word keme that means 'earth'.
MATTER : Physical substance in general, as distinct from mind and spirit; (in physics) that
which occupies space and possesses rest mass, especially as distinct from energy.
MASS : Often defined as the amount of matter in an object. Note that mass and weight are not
the same thing. Weight is the force on an object due to the gravitational pull of a planet or other
heavenly body. Mass on the other hand, remains constant, no matter where it is.
WEIGHT : The force on an object due to the gravitational pull of a planet or other heavenly
body.
VOLUME : the amount of space that a substance or object occupies, or that is enclosed within a
container, especially when great.
SUBSTANCE : substance is matter which has a specific composition and specific properties.
MIXTURE : a combination of different qualities, things, or emotions in which the component
elements are individually distinct.
ELEMENT : each of more than one hundred substances that cannot be chemically
interconverted or broken down into simpler substances and are primary constituents of matter.
Each element is distinguished by its atomic number, i.e., the number of protons in the nuclei of
its atoms.
COMPOUND : a thing that is composed of two or more separate elements; a mixture.
METAL : a solid material that is typically hard, shiny, malleable, fusible, and ductile, with
good electrical and thermal conductivity (e.g., iron, gold, silver, copper, and aluminum, and
alloys such as brass and steel).
NON-METAL : an element or substance that is not a metal.
METALLOID : an element (e.g., germanium or silicon) whose properties are intermediate
between those of metals and solid nonmetals. They are electrical semiconductors.
ACID : a chemical substance that neutralizes alkalis, dissolves some metals, and turns litmus
red; typically, a corrosive or sour-tasting liquid of this kind.
BASE : are substances that, in aqueous solution, are slippery to the touch, taste astringent,
change the color of indicators (e.g., turn red litmus paper blue), react with acids to form salts,
promote certain chemical reactions (base catalysis), accept protons from any proton donor.
NEUTRAL : chemical reaction in which an acid and a base react quantitatively with each other.
... Neutral solution, a chemical solution which is neither acidic nor basic. Neutral particle, a
particle without electrical charge.
SALT : is an ionic compound that results from the neutralization reaction of an acid and a base.
ORGANIC COMPOUND : any of a large class of chemical compounds in which one or more
atoms of carbon are covalently linked to atoms of other elements, most commonly hydrogen,
oxygen, or nitrogen.
INORGANIC COMPOUND : an be considered as a compound that does not contain a carbon
to hydrogen bond, also called a C-H bond.
HETEROGENOUS : of or denoting a process involving substances in different phases (solid,
liquid, or gaseous).
HOMOGENOUS : is a mixture where the components that make up the mixture are uniformly
distributed throughout the mixture.
SOLUTION : a liquid mixture in which the minor component (the solute) is uniformly
distributed within the major component (the solvent).
COLLOID : a homogeneous, noncrystalline substance consisting of large molecules or
ultramicroscopic particles of one substance dispersed through a second substance. Colloids
include gels, sols, and emulsions; the particles do not settle and cannot be separated out by
ordinary filtering or centrifuging like those in a suspension.
SUSPENSION : is a heterogeneous mixture in which solute-like particles settle out of a
solvent-like phase some time after their introduction.