SIX MONTH TRAINING REPORT

Completed at

NORTHERN ENTERPRISES

Submitted in partial fulfillment of the Requirements for the award of

DEGREE OF BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY

(Mechanical Engineering)

Submitted By:
Name: Karanvir Kalsi
University Roll No: 1302579

SUBMITTED TO
DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL AND INDUSTRIAL ENGG
BABA BANDA SINGH BAHADUR ENGINEERING COLLEGE,
FATEHGARH SAHIB
 DECLARATION

I hereby declare that the Six Month Industrial Training Reports are authentic record
of my own work as for the in charge of Er. Ravinder Singh in partial fulfillment of
the requirements for the award of Bachelor of Technology in Mechanical
Engineering, Baba Banda Singh Bahadur Engineering College, Fatehgarh Sahib.

Date: _________ Karanvir Kalsi

1302579

Certify that the above statement made by the student is correct to the best of our
knowledge and belief.

Head of Department

(Signature and Seal)

 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I would like to place on record my deep sense of gratitude to Er. Ravinder Singh,
Service Engineer, Northern Enterprises, Ludhiana for his generous guidance, help and
useful suggestions.

I am extremely thankful to Dr. Lakhvir Singh, HOD, Baba Banda Singh Bahadur
Engineering College, Fatehgarh Sahib for valuable suggestions and encouragement.

I am also thankful to Prof. (Dr.) J. S. Oberoi, Training and Placement Head, Banda
Singh Bahadur Engineering College, Fatehgarh Sahib for providing the opportunity
to get knowledge.

Signature of Student

Karanvir Kalsi

(1302579)
 TABLE OF CONTENTS

Introduction 1
Bicycle Tyre Moulds 2
Auto Tyre Moulds 3
Mixing Mill 4
Tyre Curing Process 5
Parts of Tube Curing Process 6
Guide of Tube Press Machine 7
Cup Wiper Seal 8
Thermo Seal Sedona Sheet 9
Moving Housing Bush 10
Top Platen Fix Plate 11
Cylinder Mounting Housing 12
Industrial Gromment 13
Conveyors 14
Shrinkage Conveyor 15
Weighing Conveyor 16
Cooling Conveyor 17
Tyre Mould Electrodes 18
Types of Machines Used in Industry 19
Electric Discharge Machine 20
CNC Milling Machine 21
VMC Milling Machine 22
CNC Lathe Machine 23
Shaper Machine 24
Reciprocating Bed Lathe 25
Vertical Lathe Machine 26
Vertical Drilling Machine 27
Vertical Boring Machine 28
Vertical Shaper Machine 29
 LIST OF FIGURES

Fig. 1 Bicycle Tyre Mould 2

Fig. 2 Auto Tyre Mould 3
Fig. 3 Mixing Mill 4
Fig. 4 Tube Curing Press 5
Fig. 5 Hydraulic Flange 6
Fig. 6 Guide of Tube Press Machine 7
Fig. 7 Cup Wiper Seal 8
Fig. 8 Thermo Seal Sedona Sheet 9
Fig. 9 Moving Housing Bush 10
Fig. 10 Top Platen 11
Fig. 11 Cylinder Mounting Housing 12
Fig. 12 Industrial Gromment 13
Fig. 13 Conveyors 14
Fig. 14 Shrinkage Conveyor 15
Fig. 15 Weighing Conveyor 16
Fig. 16 Cooling Conveyor 17
Fig. 17 Tyre Mould Electrodes 18
Fig. 18 Electric Discharge Machine 20
Fig. 19 CNC Milling Machine 21
Fig. 20 VMC Milling Machine 22
Fig. 21 CNC Lathe Machine 23
Fig. 22 Shaper Machine 24
Fig. 23 Vertical Lathe Machine 26
Fig. 24 Vertical Drilling Machine 27
Fig. 25 Vertical Boring Machine 28
Fig. 26 Vertical Shaper Machine 29
 Northern Enterprises (P) Ltd.

INTRODUCTION

Northern Enterprises Pvt. Ltd. is established in 1980, is the sister concern of Ralson
India Limited G.T. Road, Ludhiana. It manufactures the high quality Tire Tube and
Chemical Processing Machinery and Turn-Key Automatic Projects. It is the one of the
largest company in North India Region. They are a prominent Manufacturer, Exporter
and Supplier of Automobile Tyre Changer, Bicycle Tyres Changer, Industrial
Grommet, Mixing Mill, Tube Curing Press, etc. These products are known for their
robustness, optimum quality and durability.

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 Northern Enterprises (P) Ltd.

BICYCLE TYRE MOULD

We are instrumental in providing their clients a comprehensive range of Bicycle Tyres

Molds which are available in various sizes, shapes and designs. The product offered
by us is widely used in various industries and are highly appreciated for their
remarkable features. In order to deliver the fault free range at their client's end, this
mold is tested under the supervision of their quality controllers against various
parameters.

Features:
Rugged design
High strength
Rust resistance

Fig. 1

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 Northern Enterprises (P) Ltd.

AUTO TYRE MOULDS

They are a noteworthy organization in the domain, engaged in providing Auto Tyres
Molds that is used in various types of Tyres for support. This product is fabricated in
line with international standards using supreme class raw material with the help of
current & advanced technology at their well-established premises. Further, there
offered mold can also be custom design by their reliable experts as per guidelines
provided by their esteemed clients.

Features:
Corrosion resistance
Robust construction
Precise engineered

Fig. 2

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MIXING MILL

Backed by a team of experienced professionals, they are offering Mixing mills. This
mill is manufactured using supreme class basic material and cutting edge technology
by their certified professionals at their high performance production unit. The offered
mill is available in various shapes, sizes and dimensions. Further, their renowned
clients can also avail this mill from their in customized options within the specified
time-frame and affordable rates.

Features:
Accurate dimension
Durable
Less noise

Fig. 3

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 Northern Enterprises (P) Ltd.

TUBE CURING PRESS

We offer a supreme quality range of Tube Curing Press that is widely used to make
different types of tubes and tyres in automobile industries. their offered product is
manufactured under the guidance of their experienced technocrats by utilizing
optimum quality raw material adherence to set international norms. The offered
product is availed in various types of technical specifications according to the need of
their valuable clients and at affordable rates.

Feature:
Durable
Corrosion resistance
Low maintenance

Fig. 4

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 Northern Enterprises (P) Ltd.

PARTS OF TUBE CURING PRESS

1. Hydraulic Flange

The hydraulic flange connection was developed as a large-sized high-pressure

connection. While large-sized threaded connections require a very high assembly
torque to resist high pressures, flange port connections divide the assembly torque
among multiple bolts, each of which requires much less torque. Large threaded
connections also present assembly difficulties especially where wrench clearance is
limited.

Fig. 5

Flange connections are used in the most demanding mobile equipment applications
because they:

1. are well suited for high pressure, shock and vibration, especially in larger sizes,
2. allow easy connection between hose and tube/pipe where flexibility is needed,
without adding adapters,
3. allow for easy connection between rigid lines (tube-to-tube or pipe-to-pipe)
and aid in installation and repair,
4. maintain a high resistance to loosening in severe hydraulic service,
5. can be assembled with reasonable assembly torques, even in larger sizes, and

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 Northern Enterprises (P) Ltd.

2. Guide of Tube Press Machine

Fig. 6

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3. Cup Wiper Seal

Fig. 7

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4. Thermo Seal Sedona Sheet

Fig. 8

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5. Moving Housing Bush

Fig. 9

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6. Top Platen Fix Plate

Fig. 10

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 Northern Enterprises (P) Ltd.

7. Cylinder Mounting Housing

Fig. 11

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 Northern Enterprises (P) Ltd.

INDUSTRIAL GROMMENT

Backed by the team of experienced professionals, we are offering optimum

quality Industrial Grommet. The offered product is manufactured with the help of
finest quality material and modular technology at our well-equipped production unit.
It is rigorously tested against set parameters to ensure fault free range. Our offered
grommet can be availed in a gradation of specifications, in order to facilitate range
with cost-effectiveness.

Fig. 12

Features:

Easy to install
Anti-corrosive
High material strength

clients can avail from us an extensive array of Industrial Grommet. Our offered
product is manufactured using high grade raw material and advanced technology in
compliance with the international quality standards by our skilled technocrats. This
product is strictly tested by our quality controllers on defined parameters to ensure its
flawlessness. Moreover, we provide this grommet to our honoured clients at industry
leading prices.

Features:
Unmatched quality
High performance Efficiency
Strong construction

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 Northern Enterprises (P) Ltd.

CONVEYORS

A conveyor system is a common piece of mechanical handling equipment that moves

materials from one location to another. Conveyors are especially useful in applications
involving the transportation of heavy or bulky materials. Conveyor systems allow
quick and efficient transportation for a wide variety of materials, which make them
very popular in the material handling and packaging industries. Many kinds of
conveying systems are available and are used according to the various needs of
different industries. There are chain conveyors (floor and overhead) as well. Chain
conveyors consist of enclosed tracks, I-Beam, towline, power & free, and hand pushed
trolleys.

Fig. 13

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 Northern Enterprises (P) Ltd.

1. Shrinkage Conveyor

Fig. 14

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 Northern Enterprises (P) Ltd.

2. Weighing Conveyor

Fig. 15

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 Northern Enterprises (P) Ltd.

3. Cooling Conveyor

Fig. 16

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 Northern Enterprises (P) Ltd.

TYRE MOULD ELECTRODES

A tire molding mold comprising a profile ring having an inner circumference surface
corresponding to the outer profile of a tire being molded, including at least the tread
surface thereof, and a net ring having a faying surface fitted and joined to the inner
circumferential surface of the profile ring and consisting of a network of ribs and/or
lugs for forming the grooves of the tire being molded; the net ring being disposed on
the profile ring wholly, or with the part thereof removed.

Fig. 17

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 Northern Enterprises (P) Ltd.

TYPES OF MACHINES USED IN INDUSTRY

1. EDM (Electric Discharge Machine)

2. CNC Milling Machine
3. VMC (Vertical Machining Centers) Milling Machine
4. CNC Lathe Machine
5. Shaper Machine
6. Flat Bed Lathe Machine
7. Vertical Lathe Machine
8. Vertical Drilling Machine
9. Vertical Boring Machine

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1. EDM (Electric Discharge Machine)

Fig. 18

EDM (Electrical Discharge Machining) has long been the answer for high accuracy,
demanding machining applications where conventional metal removal is difficult or
impossible. Conceptually, it is very simple; electrical current passes between an
electrode and a work piece. The spark discharge erodes it to form the desired final
shape. The whole process takes place in a dielectric bath such as oil or deionized
water.

While there are numerous specialty forms of electrical discharge machining, industrial
machines are commonly grouped into three categories:

1. Wire EDM

2. Die Sinker or Ram EDM

3. Hole Drilling or Hole Popper Machines.

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2. CNC Milling Machine

CNC milling is a specific form of computer numerical controlled (CNC) machining.
Milling itself is a machining process similar to both drilling and cutting, and able to
achieve many of the operations performed by cutting and drilling machines. Like
drilling, milling uses a rotating cylindrical cutting tool. However, the cutter in a
milling machine is able to move along multiple axes, and can create a variety of
shapes, slots and holes. In addition, the work-piece is often moved across the milling
tool in different directions, unlike the single axis motion of a drill.

Fig. 19

CNC milling devices are the most widely used type of CNC machine. Typically, they
are grouped by the number of axes on which they operate, which are labeled with
various letters. X and Y designate horizontal movement of the work-piece (forward-
and-back and side-to-side on a flat plane). Z represents vertical, or up-and-down,
movement, while W represents diagonal movement across a vertical plane. Most
machines offer from 3 to 5 axes, providing performance along at least the X, Y and Z
axes. Advanced machines, such as 5-axis milling centers, require CAM programming
for optimal performance due to the incredibly complex geometries involved in the
machining process. These devices are extremely useful because they are able to
produce shapes that would be nearly impossible using manual tooling methods. Most
CNC milling machines also integrate a device for pumping cutting fluid to the cutting
tool during machining.
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3. VMC (Vertical Machining Centers) Milling Machine

Fig. 20

CNC vertical machining centers (VMCs) remain machine shop staples. These milling
machines have vertically oriented spindles that approach work pieces mounted on
their table from above and commonly perform 2.5- or 3-axis machining operations.
They are less costly than horizontal machining centers (HMCs), which makes them
attractive to small job shops as well as larger machining operations. In addition, the
performance of these machines has increased over the years, leveraging technologies
such as high-speed spindles and advanced CNC capabilities (including conversational
control programming). Ancillary equipment is also available to increase the flexibility
and capability of these machines, including spindle speeders, angle heads, tool- and
part-probes, quick-change work holding devices, and rotary indexers to enable four-
or five-axis machining work

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 Northern Enterprises (P) Ltd.

4. CNC Lathe Machine

Fig. 21

With an extremely fast spinning spindle, CNC lathe machines are versatile. For this
reason, they are used to create parts for a wide range of industries. For example, this
type of machine is commonly used in glass working, parts reclamation, metal
spinning, metalworking, woodturning, and thermal spraying.

As a production turning machine, a CNC lathe machine is designed with bed, which
usually lies flat. These lathes come in different sizes according to actual need. For
instance, a Small lathe is typically used for low production and therefore, found in
maintenance facilities and shops whereas larger lathes are used when there is a need
for mass production.

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5. Shaper Machines

A shaping machine is used to machine surfaces. It can cut curves, angles and many
other shapes. It is a popular machine in a workshop because its movement is very
simple although it can produce a variety of work.

Fig. 22

The tool feed handle can be turned to slowly feed the cutting tool into the material as
the 'ram' moves forwards and backwards. The strong machine vice holds the material
securely. A small vice would not be suitable as the work could quite easily be pulled
out of position and be damaged. The vice rests on a steel table which can be adjusted
so that it ca be moved up and down and then locked in position. Pulling back on the
clutch handle starts the 'ram' moving forwards and backwards.

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6. Reciprocating Bed Lathe

In machining a blank material on an automatic lathe of the type having first and second
headstocks slid ably carried along a bed, the first and second headstocks are slid able
along their respective machining axes, and the first headstock grips the blank material
to take a front machining, whereupon the semi-machined blank material, i.e., a work
piece is transferred to the second headstock to take a rear machining. The lathe also
has first and second guide bushes for intermediately guiding the work piece near the
working point while the work piece is gripped by the first and second headstocks. For
machining a blank material in the form of a cylindrical rod continuously, the entire
machining cycle can be divided into the front and rear machining. Thus it is possible
to shorten the machining cycle period.

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 Northern Enterprises (P) Ltd.

7. Vertical Lathe Machine

The vertical lathe makes it convenient to mount, align, and fasten the items to be
worked. For this reason it has replaced the facing lathe, which was used previously.
The distinguishing feature of the vertical turning lathe is the vertical position of the
spindle. A chuck is located on the top of the spindle; the piece to be worked is fastened
to the chuck, using radially displaced cams. It is the item itself that goes through the
principal rotary motion on the vertical lathe; the cutting tool, fixed on a support, has a
translatory feed motion. The strain on the spindle is partially relieved because the
weight of the item and the cutting forces are absorbed by the circularly directing
chucks.

Fig. 23

There are open-sided and double-sided (portal) vertical lathes. Open-sided vertical
lathes usually have both vertical and lateral supports; two-sided lathes have two
vertical and either one or two lateral supports. A rotating turret is often placed on one
of the vertical supports. The vertical lathe is usually driven by several electric motors
(many, in the case of the heavy lathe), which, during operation, transmit the motion
to the chuck spindle and supports (working and idling or accelerated) and serve to
attach the crosshead and brake engagement.

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8. Vertical Drilling Machine

Vertical drilling machines are the most widely used in metalworking. They are used
to make holes in relatively small work-pieces in individual and small-lot production;
they are also used in maintenance shops. The tool, such as a drill, countersink, or
reamer, is fastened on a vertical spindle, and the work-piece is secured on the table of
the machine. The axes of the tool and the hole to be drilled are aligned by moving the
work piece. Programmed control is also used to orient the work piece and to automate
the operation. Bench-mounted machines, usually of the single-spindle type, are used
to make holes up to 12 mm in diameter, for instance, in instrument-making.

Fig. 24

Heavy and large work pieces and work pieces with holes located along a curved edge
are worked on radial drilling machines. Here the axes of the tool and the hole to be
drilled are aligned by moving the spindle relative to the stationary work-piece.

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 Northern Enterprises (P) Ltd.

9. Vertical Boring Machine

The above components of the milling machine can be oriented either vertically or
horizontally, creating two very distinct forms of milling machine. A horizontal milling
machine uses a cutter that is mounted on a horizontal shaft, called an arbor, above the
work piece. For this reason, horizontal milling is sometimes referred to as arbor
milling. The arbor is supported on one side by an overarm, which is connected to the
column, and on the other side by the spindle. The spindle is driven by a motor and
therefore rotates the arbor.

Fig. 25

During milling, the cutter rotates along a horizontal axis and the side of the cutter
removes material from the work piece. A vertical milling machine, on the other hand,
orients the cutter vertically. The cutter is secured inside a piece called a collet, which
is then attached to the vertically oriented spindle. The spindle is located inside the
milling head, which is attached to the column. The milling operations performed on a
vertical milling machine remove material by using both the bottom and sides of the
cutter.

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10. Vertical Shaper Machine

In a vertical shaper, the ram holding the tool reciprocates in a vertical axis. In some of
the vertical machines provision is made to allow adjustment of the ram to an angle of
about 10 degrees from the vertical position. Vertical shapers may be crank driven,
rack driven, screw driver or hydraulic power driven. The work table of a vertical
shaper can be given cross, longitudinal, and rotary movement. The tool used on a
vertical shaper is entirely different from that used on a horizontal shaper.

Fig. 26

Vertical shapers are very convenient for machining internal surface, keyways, slots or
groves. Large internal and external gears may also be machined by indexing
arrangement of the rotary table.

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