Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Concrete
Low flexural strength
Low modulus of elasticity
High autogenous shrinkage and shrinkage cracking
Carbon nanofiber
Youngs Modulus: 200-600 GPa1,2
Tensile Strength: 3-15 GPa1,2
1. Ozkan T, Naraghi M, Chasiotis I. Mechanical properties of vapor grown carbon nanofibers. Carbon
2010;48:23944.
2. Mordlkovich VZ. Carbon nanofibers: a new ultrahigh-strength material for chemical technology. Theor
Found Chem Eng 2003;37(5):42938. 2
Material Properties
CNF: Cone shaped graphite planes canted with respect to the longitudinal fiber axis
Property CNF
Carbon Purity 98 wt%
Average Diameter 150 nm
Fiber Length 50-200 um
Bulk Density 0.03 g/cm3
Iron Content 11,096 ppm
3
CNF Dispersion
CNF Dispersion
Patent, US20090229494 A1, Shah, S., Konsta-Gdoutos, M.S., Metaxa, Z. S., 2008. 4
CNF Dispersion
5
CNF Reinforced Cement Composites
6
Fracture Mechanics Test
0.0127(V )
FC
Ld
2
Where:
FC= fiber count
V = fiber content, percent by volume,
L = fiber length,
d = equivalent fiber diameter
ASTM C78 7
Fracture Mechanics Test
6
5.5
5
4.5 Plain Cement
4 PC+0.05 wt%CNF
3.5 PC+0.1 wt%CNF
3
0 5 10 15 20 25 30
Time(days) w:c=0.5
10
9
8
7
6 Plain Cement
5 PC+0.05 wt%CNF
4 PC+0.1 wt%CNF
3
0 5 10 15 20 25 30
Time(days)
w:c=0.5
Increased Modulus of Elasticity Compared to Plain Paste
CNF Content Fiber Count 3 Day 7 Day 28 Day
0.05 wt% CNF 6.9*109 24% 15% 13%
0.1 wt% CNF 13.8*109 27% 22% 21% 9
Fracture Mechanics Test
7
6
5
4
3 Plain Mortar
2 PM+0.05 wt% CNF
1
PM+0.1 wt% CNF
0
0 5 10 15 20 25 30
Time(days) w:c:s=0.485:1:2.75
Increased Flexural Strength Compared to Plain Mortar
CNF Content Fiber Count 3 Day 7 Day 28 Day
0.05 wt% CNF 3.0*109 14% 18% 19%
0.1 wt% CNF 6.1*109 25% 28% 28% 10
Modulus of Elasticity
25
20
15
10 Plain Mortar
PM+0.05 wt% CNF
5
PM+0.1 wt% CNF
0
0 5 10 15 20 25 30
Time(days) w:c:s=0.485:1:2.75
Increased Modulus of Elasticity Compared to Plain Mortar
CNF Content Fiber Count 3 Day 7 Day 28 Day
0.05 wt% CNF 3.0*109 17% 17% 23%
0.1 wt% CNF 6.1*109 22% 29% 34% 11
Mechanical Properties of CNF/Cement Composites
Modulus of
Flexural Strength
Fiber Count Elasticity
Improvement
Improvement
Cement Paste
+0.1 wt%CNF 13.8*109 18% 21%
Cement Mortar
+0.1 wt% CNF 6.1*109 28% 34%
12
CNF Reinforced Cement Composites
13
Autogenous Shrinkage Measurement
Calibration Bar
About 43 cm
ASTM C1698 14
A Parameter Affecting Dispersion Degree--
Concentration in Water
Cement Paste
w:c=0.4 W/C=0.4
Cement Mortar
water
0.4:1:2.75 CNF
0.34:1:1.75 Ultrasonication
Or
Superplasticizer
W/C=0.34
water
15
Autogenous Shrinkage Measurement
-1000
0.08 wt% CNF
-1500
-2000
-2500
-3000
Plain Paste 23% Reduction
-3500
Time(days)
w:c=0.4
16
Autogenous Shrinkage Measurement
-100
-150 0.08 wt% CNF
-200
-250
-300
-350
Plain Mortar
-400 24% Reduction
Time(days)
w:c:s=0.4:1:2.75
17
Autogenous Shrinkage Measurement
-200
-300 0.05 wt% CNF
-400
-500
-600
-700
-800 Plain Mortar
-900
25% Reduction
Time(days)
w:c:s=0.34:1:1.75
18
CNF Reinforced Cement Composites
19
Restrained Ring Test
Thickness of steel ring: 0.5 in(12.7mm)
Thickness of specimen: 1.5 in(38.1mm)
Steel Ring Specimen
4in
7in(177.8mm)
6in(152.4mm)
10in(254mm)
ASTM C1581
Wood Base
20
Set up for the restrained ring test, including ring dimensions.
Restrained Ring Test
21
Restrained Ring Test
0.6
Crack Width(mm)
0.5
0.1
Start cracking w:c:s=0.34:1:1.75
0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
Time(days)
22
Autogenous Shrinkage and Shrinkage Cracking of CNF/Cement
Composites
23
Conclusions
24
Future Research
25
Acknowledgement
26
Thank You
27