Institutional Corrections originated (1895) with the Gladstone Committee as an

attempt to reform young offenders. The first institution was

established (1902) at Borstal Prison, Kent, England.
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Branding - stigmatizing is the process in which a mark,
Institutional Corrections
usually a symbol or ornamental pattern, is burned into the
Definition Of Terms
skin of a living person, with the intention that the resulting
scar makes it permanent as a punishment or imposing
Alcatraz - a US federal penitentiary, Often referred to as
masterly rights over an enslaved or otherwise oppressed
"The Rock", the small island of alcatraz was developed with
person.
facilities for a lighthouse, a military fortification, a military
prison (1868), and a federal prison from 1933 until 1963.
Bridewell Prison and Workhouse - was the first
correctional institution in England and was a precursor of the
Alexander Maconochie - was a Scottish naval officer,
modern prison. Built initially as a royal residence in 1523,
geographer, and penal reformer. He is known as the Father of
Bridewell Palace was given to the city of London to serve as
Parole.
the foundation for as system of Houses of Correction known
as Bridewells. These institutions, eventually numbering 200
His 2 Basic Principle of Penology
in Britain, housed vagrants, homeless children, petty
1. As cruelty debases both the victim and society, punishment
offenders, disorderly women, prisoners of war, soldiers, and
should not be vindictive but should aim at the reform of the
colonists sent to Virginia.
convict to observe social constraints, and
2. A convict's imprisonment should consist of task, not time
Bridewell Prison and Hospital - was established in a
sentences, with release depending on the performance of a
former royal palace in 1553 with two purposes: the
measurable amount of labour.
punishment of the disorderly poor and housing of homeless
children in the City of London.
Auburn Prison - Constructed in 1816, (opened 1819) it was
the second state prison in New York, the site of the first
Bureau of Corrections - has for its principal task the
execution by electric chair in 1890. It uses the silent or
rehabilitation of national prisoners, or those sentenced to
congregate system.
serve a term of imprisonment of more than three years.
Banishment - a punishment originating in ancient times,
- has 7 prison facilities
that required offenders to leave the community and live
- 1 prison institution for women
elsewhere, commonly in the wilderness.
- 1 vocational training centre for juveniles.
- Classification Board - classifies inmates according to
BJMP - (Bureau of Jail Management and Penology)
their security status.
government agency mandated by law (RA 6975) to take
- Reception and Diagnostic Centre - (RDC) receives,
operational and administrative control over all city, district
studies and classifies inmates committed to Bureau of
and municipal jails. It takes custody of detainees accused
Corrections.
before a court who are temporarily confined in such jails while
- Board of Discipline - hears complaints and grievances
undergoing investigation, waiting final judgement and those
with regard to violations of prison rules and regulations.
who are serving sentence promulgated by the court 3 years
- Iwahig Penal Farm - established in 1904 upon orders
and below.
of Gov. Forbes, then the Sec. of Commerce and police.
- New Bilibid Prison - established in 1941 in Muntinlupa
- created Jan. 2, 1991.
Camp Bukang Liwayway - minimum security prison.
- Charles S. Mondejar - 1st BJMP chief.
Camp Sampaguita - medium security prison
- BJMP chief tour of duty, must not exceed 4 years, maybe
- Davao penal Colony - established jan 21, 1932 (RA
extended by President. Grounds:
3732)
1. In times of war
- Sablayan Penal Colony and Farm - established
2. other national emergencies.
Sept.27, 1954
- Senior superintendent - the rank from which the BJMP chief
(Proclamation No.72) location:Occidental Mindoro
is appointed. This is the rank of the BJMP Directors of the
- Leyte Regional Prison - established Jan.16, 1973
Directorates in the National Headquarters. This is also the
- Old Bilibid Prison - First Penal Institution in the Phil.
rank of the Regional Director for Jail Management and
designated as insular penitentiary by Royal Decree in
Penology.
1865.
- Chief of the BJMP - Highest ranking BJMP officer. Appointed
by the President upon recommendation of DILG Secretary. is
Director.
Burning at Stake - a form of ancient punishment by tying
- BJMP Deputy Chief for Administration - the 2nd highest
the victim in a vertical post and burning him/her.
ranking BJMP officer. Appointed by the President upon
recommendation of the DILG Secretary. Rank is Chief
Cesare Beccaria - an Italian criminologist, jurist, philosopher
Superintendent.
and politician best known for his treaties On Crimes and
- BJMP Deputy Chief for Operations - the 3rd highest ranking
Punishments (1764), which condemned torture and the death
BJMP officer. Appointed by the President upon
penalty, and was a founding work in the field of penology and
recommendation of the DILG Secretary. Rank is Chief
the Classical School of criminology
Superintendent.
- BJMP Chief of the Directorial Staff - the 4th highest
Charles Montesquieu - a french lawyer, who analyzed law
BJMP officer. Appointed by the President upon
as an expression of justice. He is famous for his articulation of
recommendation of the DILG Secretary. Rank is Chief
the theory of separation of powers, which is implemented in
Superintendents.
many constitutions throughout the world.
Borstal - a custodial institution for young offenders.
Code of Justinian - formally Corpus Juris Civilis (Body of
Civil Law), Justinian I the collections of laws and legal
Borstal System - rehabilitation method formerly used in
interpretations developed under the sponsorship of the
Great Britain for delinquent boys aged 16 to 21. The idea
Byzantine emperor Justinian I from AD 529 to 565.

Commitment Order - is an act of sending a person to prison
by means of such a warrant or order.
Correctional Administration - the study and practice of a
system of managing jails and prisons and other institutions
concerned with the custody, treatment and rehabilitation of
criminal offenders.
Corrections - describes a variety of functions typically
carried out by government agencies, and involving the
punishment, treatment, and supervision of persons who have
been convicted of crimes.
Death Row - refers to incarcerated persons who have been
sentenced to death and are awaiting execution.
Deterrence - as contended by Cesare Beccaria, proponent of
the classical theory, that punishment is to prevent others
from committing crime.
Director Charles S. Mondejar - the first Chief of BJMP. He
took his oath of office on July 1 of 1991.
District Jail - is a cluster of small jails, each having a
monthly average population of ten or less inmates, and is
located in the vicinity of the court.
Draco - was the first legislator of ancient Athens, Greece, 7th
century BC. He replaced the prevailing system of oral law and
blood feud by a written code to be enforced only by a court.
Ducking Stool - a chair fastened to the end of a pole, used
formerly to plunge offenders into a pond or river as a
punishment.
Dungeon - a dark cell, usually underground where prisoners
are confined.
Elmira Reformatory - located in New York, was originally a
prison opened to contain Confederate prisoners of war during
the Civil War. It became known as a death camp because of
the squalid conditions and high death rate in its few years of
operation. Established 1876.
Elmira System - An American penal system named after
Elmira Reformatory, in New York. In 1876 Zebulon R.
Brockway became an innovator in the reformatory movement
by establishing Elmira Reformatory for young felons. The
Elmira system classified and separated various types of
prisoners, gave them individualized treatment emphasizing
vocational training and industrial employment, used
indeterminate sentences.
Ergastulum - is a Roman prison used to confine slaves. They
were attached to work benches and forced to do hard labor in
period of imprisonment.
Exemplarity - the criminal is punished to serve as an
example to others to deter further commission of crime.
Expiation - (Atonement) execution of punishment visibly or
publicly for the purpose of appeasing a social group. Expiation
is a group vengeance as distinguished from retribution.
First Women's Prison - opened in Indiana 1873. Based on
the reformatory model.
Four Classes of Prisoners
1. Insular or national prisoner one who is sentenced to a
prison term of three years and one day to death;
2. Provincial prisoner one who is sentenced to a prison term
of six months and one day to three years;
3. City prisoner one who is sentenced to a prison term of
one day to three years; and
4. Municipal Prisoner one who is sentenced to a prison term
of one day to six months.
Flogging - (Flog) beat (someone) with a whip or stick as a
punishment.
Fred T. Wilkinson - last warden of the Alcatraz prison.
Galley - a low, flat ship with one or more sails and up to
three banks of oars, chiefly used for warfare or piracy and
often manned by slaves or criminals.
Goals of Criminal Sentencing
1. Retribution
2. Punishment
3. Deterrence
4. Incapacitation
5. Rehabilitation
6. Reintegration
7. Restoration
Golden Age of Penology - 1870 - 1880
Guillotine - an ancient form of capital punishment by cutting
the head.
Halfway House - a center for helping former drug addicts,
prisoners, psychiatric patients, or others to adjust to life in
general society.
Hammurabi's Code - an ancient code which contain both
civil and criminal law. First known codified law prior to Roman
law. Better organized and comprehensive than biblical law.
One of its law is lex taliones (an eye for an eye)
Hedonism - the ethical theory that pleasure (in the sense of
the satisfaction of desires) is the highest good and proper aim
of human life.
Hulk - an old ship stripped of fittings and permanently
moored, especially for use as storage or (formerly) as a
prison.
Impalement - (Impaling) a form of capital punishment, is
the penetration of an organism by an object such as a stake,
pole, spear or hook, by complete (or partial) perforation of
the body, often the central body mass. Killing by piercing the
body with a spear or sharp pole.
Institutional Corrections - refers to those persons housed
in secure correctional facilities.
Jail - is defined as a place of confinement for inmates under
investigation or undergoing trial, or serving short-term
sentences
Gaol - old name/term of jail.
Three Types of Detainees
1. Those undergoing investigation;
2. those awaiting or undergoing trial; and
3. those awaiting final judgment
Jails - holds
a. Convicted offenders serving short sentences
b. Convicted offenders awaiting transfer to prison
c. Offenders who have violated their probation or parole
d. Defendants who are awaiting trial
James V. Bennett - was a leading American penal reformer
and prison administrator who served as director of the
Federal Bureau of Prisons (FBOP) from 1937 to 1964. He was
one of the strongest advocates in the movement in
persuading Congress to close Alcatraz and replace it with a
new maximum-security prison, eventually successful in 1963
when it closed.
January 2, 1991 - the Bureau of Jail Management and
Penology was created thru Republic Act 6975 as a line Bureau
under the Department of Interior and Local Government.
Jean Jacques Villain - pioneered classification to separate
women and children from hardened criminals.
Jeremy Bentham - a prison reformer, believed that the
prisoner should suffer a severe regime, but that it should not
be detrimental to the prisoner's health. He designed the
Panopticon in 1791.
John Howard - a philanthropist and the first English prison
reformer.
Justice - crime must be punished by the state as an act of
retributive justice, vindication of absolute right and moral law
violated by the criminal.
lapidation - (Stoning) the act of pelting with stones;
punishment inflicted by throwing stones at the victim.
Lex Taliones - an eye for an eye, a tooth for a tooth.
Lockups - Suspects usually stay in a lockup for only 24 to 48
hours. A suspect may later be transferred from the lockup to
the jail.
Mamertine Prison - was a prison (carcer) located in the
Comitium in ancient Rome. It was originally created as a
cistern for a spring in the floor of the second lower level.
Prisoners were lowered through an opening into the lower
dungeon.
Mark System - developed in Australia by Alexander
Maconochie, whereby credits, or marks, were awarded for
good behaviour, a certain number of marks being required for
release.
Mittimus - is a process issued by the court after conviction to
carry out the final judgment, such as commanding a prison
warden to hold the accused, in accordance with the terms of
the judgment. Mittimus is often attached on the commitment
order issued by the court whenever the convict is to be
transferred to prison for service of sentence.
Mortality rate - A measure of the frequency of deaths in a
defined population during a specified interval of time.
Mutilation or maiming - an ancient form of punishment, is
an act of physical injury that degrades the appearance or
function of any living body, sometimes causing death.
National Prisons Association - was organized in Cincinnati
in 1870.
Neo-Classical - children and lunatics should not be punished
as they cannot calculate pleasure and pain.
Classical Theory - pain must exceed pleasure to deter
crime. All are punished regardless of age, mental condition,
social status and other circumstances.
Positivist Theory - criminal is a sick person and should be
treated and not punished.
Eclectic - it means selecting the best of various styles or
ideas.
Newgate Prison - not a real prison but an abandoned
copper mine of Simsbury Connecticut. Inmates are confined
underground (Black hole of horrors).
Operational capacity - the number of inmates that can be
accommodated based on a facility's staff, existing programs,
and services.
Panopticon - a prison design, allowed a centrally placed
observer to survey all the inmates, as prison wings radiated
out from this central position.
Parole - refers to criminal offenders who are conditionally
released from prison to serve the remaining portion of their
sentence in the community.
Parole and Probation Administration (PPA) - was created
pursuant to Presidential Decree (P.D.) No.968, as amended,
to administer the probation system. Under Executive Order
No. 292, the Probation Administration was renamed as the
Parole and Probation Administration, and given the added
function of supervising prisoners who, after serving part of
their sentence in jails are released on parole or granted
conditional pardon. The PPA and the Board of Pardons and
Parole are the agencies involved in the non-institutional
treatment of offenders.
Penal Management - refers to the manner or practice of
managing or controlling places of confinement such as jails
and prisons.
PD No. 603 - was promulgated to provide for the care and
treatment of youth offenders from the time of apprehension
up to the termination of the case.
Under this law, a youth offender is defined as a child, minor
or youth who is over nine years but under eighteen years of
age at the time of the commission of the offence.
Pennsylvania and New York - pioneered the penitentiary
movement by developing two competing systems of
confinement. The Pennsylvania system and the Auburn
system.
Pennsylvania System - An early system of U.S. penology in
which inmates were kept in solitary cells so that they could
study religious writings, reflect on their misdeeds, and
perform handicraft work.(Solitary System).
Auburn System - An early system of penology, originating
at Auburn Penitentiary in New York, under which inmates
worked and ate together in silence during the day and were
placed in solitary cells for the evening.(Congregate System)
Penology - a branch of Criminology that deals with prison
management and reformation of criminals.
Poene (latin) - penalty
Logos (latin) - science
Pillory - a wooden framework with holes for the head and
hands, in which offenders were formerly imprisoned and
exposed to public abuse.
Prison - which refers to the national prisons or penitentiaries
managed and supervised by the Bureau of Corrections, an
agency under the Department of Justice.
Prison Hulks - (1776-1857) were ships which were anchored
in the Thames, and at Portsmouth and Plymouth. Those sent
to them were employed in hard labour during the day and
then loaded, in chains, onto the ship at night.
Prison Reform - is the attempt to improve conditions inside Rank Classification of BJMP
prisons, aiming at a more effective penal system. Director
Chief Superintendent
Probation - Probation in criminal law is a period of Senior Superintendent
supervision over an offender, ordered by a court instead of Superintendent
serving time in prison. Chief Inspector
Senior Inspector
John Augustus - Father of Probation. Augustus was born in Inspector
Woburn, Massachusetts in 1785. By 1829, he was a Senior Jail Officer IV
permanent resident of Boston and the owner of a successful Senior Jail Officer III
boot-making business. Senior Jail Officer II
Senior Jail Officer I
Father Cook - a chaplain of the Boston Prison visited the Jail Officer III
courts and gained acceptance as an advisor who made Jail Officer II
enquiries into the circumstances of both adult and juvenile Jail Officer I
offenders
RA 10575 - The Bureau of Corrections Act of 2013.
Provincial Jail - under the office of the Governor. Where the
imposable penalty for the crime committed is more than six Rack - a form of torture or punishment wherein pain is
months and the same was committed within the municipality, inflicted to the body through stretching.
the offender must serve his or her sentence in the provincial
jail. Rated Capacity - the number of beds or inmates assigned by
a rating official to institutions within the jurisdiction.
Where the penalty imposed exceeds three years, the offender
shall serve his or her sentence in the penal institutions of the Reformation - the object of punishment in a criminal case is
Bureau of Corrections. to correct and reform the offender.

Punishment - the infliction or imposition of a penalty as
retribution for an offence.
Quakers - (or Friends, as they refer to themselves) are
members of a family of religious movements collectively
known as the Religious Society of Friends. Many Quakers
have worked for reform of the criminal justice systems of
their day. Quakers believe that people can always change:
their focus has been on reforms that make positive change
more likely, such as increased opportunities for education,
improved prison conditions, help with facing up to violent
impulses, and much else.
William Penn - founder of the Province of Pennsylvania, the
English North American colony and the future Commonwealth
of Pennsylvania. was the first great Quaker prison reformer.
In his Great Experiment in Pennsylvania in the 1680s he
abolished capital punishment for all crimes except murder.
He also stated that prisons shall be workhouses, that bail
should be allowed for minor offences, and all prisons shall
be free, as to fees, food and lodgings. He provided for
rehabilitation, as he stipulated that prisoners should be
helped to learn a trade, so that they could make an honest
living when they were released.
John Bellers - (1654-1725) was the earliest British Friend to
pay serious and systematic attention to social reform. He
pleaded for the abolition of the death penalty, the first time
this plea had been made. He argued that criminals were the
creation of society itself and urged that when in prison there
should be work for prisoners so that they might return to the
world with an urge to industry.
Elizabeth Fry - (1780-1845) was the most famous of Quaker
reformers, though others were equally influential in raising
public awareness. Reforms such as the separation of women
and children from men and the development of purposeful
activity of work or education came about through pressure
from informed people.
Reformatory Movement - The reformatory movement was
based on principles adopted at the 1870 meeting of the
National Prison Association.
The reformatory was designed:
a. for younger, less hardened offenders.
b. based on a military model of regimentation.
c. with indeterminate terms.
d. with parole or early release for favorable progress in
reformation.
Rehabilitation - to restore a criminal to a useful life, to a life
in which they contribute to themselves and to society.
Retribution - punishment inflicted on someone as vengeance
for a wrong or criminal act.
Security Level - A designation applied to a facility to
describe the measures taken, both inside and outside, to
preserve security and custody.
The simplest security level categorization is:
a. maximum
b. medium
c. minimum
Maximum - security facilities are characterized by very tight
internal and external security.
Common security measures include: (Maximum)
- A high wall or razor-wire fencing
- Armed-guard towers
- Electronic detectors
- External armed patrol
- A wide, open buffer zone between the outer wall or
fence and the community.
- Restrictions on inmate movement
- The capability of closing off areas to contain riots or
disruptions.

RA 6975 - sec.60 to 65, created the BJMP. Houses the following inmates:
 - Those sentenced to death assists the President in the grant of executive clemency
- Those sentenced with min. 20 years through the Board of Pardons and Parole.
- Those remanded inmates/detainees with min. 20
years sentence DILG - supervises the provincial, district, city and municipal
- Those whose sentences is under review by SC jails through the provincial governments and the Bureau of
(min.20 years) Jail Management and Penology, respectively.
- Those whose sentences is under appeal (min.20
years) DSWD - supervises the regional rehabilitation centres for
- Those with pending cases youth offenders through the Bureau of Child and Youth
- Those who are recidivist Welfare.

Ultra-Maximum/Super-Maximum Security Prison - house Transportation - a punishment in which offenders were

notorious offenders and problem inmates from other
institutions. These institutions utilize: Total isolation of
inmates, Constant lockdowns
Medium-security institutions - place fewer restrictions on
inmate movement inside the facility.
Characteristics often include:(Medium)
- Dormitory or barracks-type living quarters
- No external security wall
- Barbed wire rather than razor wire
- Fences and towers that look less forbidding
transported from their home nation to one of that nation's
colony to work.
Twelve Tables - The Law of the Twelve Tables (Latin: Leges
Duodecim Tabularum or Duodecim Tabulae) was the ancient
legislation that stood at the foundation of Roman law.
Established basic procedural rights for all Roman citizens as
against one another
Underground Cistern - a reservoir for storing liquids,
underground tank for storing water. This was also used prison
in ancient times.

Houses the following inmates:
- Those sentenced to less than 20 years
Minimum-security prisons - are smaller and more open.
They often house inmates who:
- Have established records of good behavior
- Are nearing release
Characteristics often include:(Minimum)
- Dormitory or barracks living quarters
- No fences
- Some inmates may be permitted to leave during the
day to work or study.
- Some inmates may be granted furloughs
Sing Sing Prison - was the third prison built by New York
State. It is a maximum-security prison.
Sir Evelyn Ruggles Brise - was a British prison
administrator and reformer, and founder of the Borstal
system.
Utilitarianism - a tradition stemming from the late 18th-
and 19th-century English philosophers and economists
Jeremy Bentham and John Stuart Mill that an action is right if
it tends to promote happiness and wrong if it tends to
produce the reverse of happinessnot just the happiness of
the performer of the action but also that of everyone affected
by it.
Voltaire - believes that fear of shame is a deterrent to crime.
Walnut Street Jail - opened in 1790 in Philadelphia.
Considered the 1st state prison. Inmates labored in solitary
cells and received large doses of religious training.
Workhouses - European forerunners of the modern U.S.
prison, where offenders were sent to learn discipline and
regular work habits.
Zebulon Reed Brockway - was a penologist and is
sometimes regarded as the Father of prison reform and
Father of American Parole in the United States.

Sir Walter Crofton - the director of Irish prisons. In his

program, known as the Irish system, prisoners progressed
through three stages of confinement before they were
returned to civilian life. The first portion of the sentence was
served in isolation. After that, prisoners were
assigned to group work projects.

Stocks - instrument of punishment consisting of a heavy

timber frame with holes in which the feet and sometimes the
hands of an offender can be locked.

Three major government functionaries involved in the

Philippine correctional system:
1. DOJ
2. DILG
3. DSWD

DOJ - supervises the national penitentiaries through the

Bureau of Corrections, administers the parole and probation
system through the Parole and Probation Administration, and