Endocrine

Hormones Function Hypo S/Sx Mngmt Hyper S/Sx Mngmt

Glands
- Abnormal increase in - Surgical removal
the length of long of the pituitary
Pituitary
- Controls - Slow bone bones gland tumor
Gigantism
growth of the growth and - Somatostatin
Growth body closing of analogues
Pituitary Oral GH
Hormones - Targets the epiphyseal - Bones of hands, feet, (inhibits GH
Dwarfism therapy
(GH) bone, muscle, plates before cheeks, and secretion)
and adipose normal height jaw thicken - Dopamine-
Acromegaly
tissue is reached - Soft tissues also receptor agonist
grow (suppress GH
secretion)

Anterior
Pituitary
Gland
- Dwarfism
- An autoimmune
- Controls the Cretinism and mental - Surgical removal
disorder that causes
secretion of (Infancy) retardation of the Thyroid
Thyroid enlarged thyroid,
hormones by - Propylthiouracil
Stimulating Oral Thyroid Graves bulging of the eyes,
the thyroid and Methimazole
Hormone therapy Disease heat intolerance,
gland (interferes with
(TSH) increased sweating,
- Targets the - Edema, thyroid hormone
weight loss,
thyroid gland Myxedema slow heart production)
nervousness
rate, low body
temp, dry hair
and skin,
lethargy,
weigh gain
 -Anti
dopaminergic
- Menstrual
- Stimulates agents which
disorders, - Decreased
the production block
Prolactin Hypo delayed Hyper menstruation and/or
of milk by the dopamine- - Dopamine
(PRL) prolactinemia puberty, prolactinemia amenorrhea, breast
mammary induced
infertility, and pain, dyspareunia
glands inhibitory
subfertility
control of
prolactin

- In males:
Luteinizing Testosterone
Hormone secretion
- Hormonal
(LH) - In females:
- Delayed replacement - Rapid growth in
ovulation Luteinizing
puberty, (Male: adolescents, high - Removal of
Hormone Hypergonadism
- In males: reproductive Testosterone libido, acne, excessive tumor
Deficiency
Follicle sperm abnormalities Female: hairiness
Stimulating production Estradiol
Hormone - In females:
(FSH) follicle/ovum
maturation
- Polyuria,
- Reabsorption
Anti- dehydration, -Administration Syndrome of - Irritability and
of water,
Diuretic thirst of Inappropriate restlessness, cramps,
targets the Diabetes
Hormone (Polydipsia), Desmopressin Anti-Diuretic muscle weakness,
Distal Insipidus
(ADH) or hypotension, by nasal spray Hormone oliguria, bloated,
Convoluted - IV therapy such
Vasopressin hypernatremi or oral tablets (SIADH) hypertension
Posterior Tubule (DCT) as 3% hypertonic
a
Pituitary saline solution
- Decreased
Gland - Oxytocin will act like - Loop diuretics
cardiac rate,
- Contraction ADH if it is excess in - Water restriction
Increased brain
during labor - Oxytocin via Water the blood
Oxytocin uterine damage,
- Initiate IV intoxication - volume overload,
motility seizures,
breastfeeding anasarca or localized
possible
edema
death of fetus
 - Reabsorption - Reduce
Adrenal Aldosterone of water and - low blood - High blood pressure, corticosteroid use
Cortex sodium Addisons pressure, - Oral Cushings low potassium levels, - Surgical removal
Disease lethargy, corticosteroids, Syndrome increase blood of tumor
- Stress increase in prednisone, or volume, alkaline blood - Ketoconazole,
hormone potassium cortisone mitotane, and
Cortisol
- Glucose level in blood metyrapone to
metabolism control excessive
production

- Administration of
alpha-blockers
- poor such as terazosin
- Increases
response to or beta-blockers
heart rate,
Late stress, - rapid heartbeat, like propranolol,
Epinephrine muscle
Response to decreased Phaeochromoc increased blood labetalol
or strength, blood
Stressful blood ytoma pressure, anxiety, - chemotherapy
Adrenaline pressure, and
situation pressure, weight loss, or radiotherapy if
glucose
fatigue, palpitations tumor is not
metabolism
restless undertaken by
surgery
Adrenal - released in
Medulla response to
- imbalanced
stress - constricts blood
moods, - Decrease
- constricts Faster vessels and,
Nor- Adrenal decreased cocaine,
blood vessels Response to increases blood
epinephrine Fatigue energy levels, amphetamines,
and, increases Stress pressure and glucose
low blood antidepressant
blood pressure intake
pressure
and glucose
intake
- A hormone
that allows to - High blood
-Insulin
use sugar glucose - Eating or
injection or - dizziness, confusion,
(glucose) from Type 1 levels, drinking small
Pancreas Insulin insulin pump, Hypoglycemia palpitations, sweating,
carbohydrates Diabetes glycosuria, amounts of
carbohydrate hunger, anxiety
in the food that dehydration, glucose-rich food
diet
you eat for confusion
energy or to
 store glucose
for future use.
- maintains
glucose level
in the blood
- It stimulates
the conversion
of stored
- dizziness,
glycogen - Eating or
confusion,
(stored in the drinking small Glucagonomas
palpitations, - weight loss, venous
Glucagon liver) to Hypoglycemia amounts of and Diabetes - Insulin injection
sweating, thrombosis, skin rash
glucose which glucose-rich Mellitus
hunger,
can be food
anxiety
released into
the
bloodstream.
- regulate
levels of
calcium and
phosphate in
the blood
- It can also Medullary - High serum
-Chemotherapy or
Thyroid Calcitonin decrease the Thyroid calcitonin but normal
radiotherapy
resorption of Carcinoma calcium in the blood
calcium in
the kidneys,
again leading
to lower blood
calcium levels.
- Bone:
- Administration of
Parathyroid -low levels of
- High levels of Calcitonin
hormone calcium in the
calcium in the blood, - IV fluids to keep
Parathyroid stimulates the blood, - Oral calcium Hypercalcemia/
Hypopara constipation and the patient
Parathyroid Hormone release of numbness, and Vitamin D Hyper
thyroidism abdominal pain, hydrated
(PTH) calcium from fatigue, analogues parathyroidism
frequent urination, - Corticosteroids
large calcium irritability
fractures and Loop
stores in the wheezing
diuretics
bones into the
 bloodstream.
This increases
bone
destruction
and decreases
the formation
of new bone.
- Kidney:
Parathyroid
hormone
reduces loss of
calcium in
urine.
- Parathyroid
hormone
increases
calcium absorp
tion in the
intestine from
food
- Acts to
promote
development
of female
primary and
secondary
Estrogen sexual
characteristics.
Important role
Ovary
in preparing
the uterus for
implantation of
embryo
- Affects
female sexual
Progesteron
characteristics
e
and important
in the
 maintenance
of pregnancy
Testes