Metode Numerice Lab 4 Rez. sist.

de ecuatii liniare

Rezolvarea sistemelor de ecuatii liniare

Exemple
1 ) Fie sistemul de ecuatii liniare: x := 0 , 0.1 .. 5
6 2x 3x 6
2 x + 3y = 6 f1( x ) := f2( x ) :=
3 2
3x 2y = 6
6

2 3 6 4
M := v :=
3 2 6 f1( x) 2

x := lsolve( M , v)
f2( x) 0
y
2
x = 1.2

y 1.2 4
0 2 4 6
Sistemul are solutie unica x

2 ) Fie sistemul de ecuatii liniare x1 := 0 , 1 .. 6 f1( x1) := 2 x1 f2( x1) := 3.5 x1

x1 + y1 = 2
4
x1 + y2 = 3.5
2
1 1 2 f1( x1)
M1 := v1 :=
1 1 3.5 f2( x1)
0

2
x1 := lsolve( M1 , v1)

y1 4
0 2 4 6
x1
Sistemul nu are solutie

3 ) Fie sistemul de ecuatii liniare 9 + 3x2

x2 := 0 , 1 .. 6 f1( x2) := f2( x2) := 3 + x2
3
3x2 3y2 = 9
10
x2 y2 = 3
8
3 3 9
M2 := v2 := f1( x2)
1 1 3 6
f2( x2)
x2 := lsolve( M2 , v2)
4
y2
Sistemul are o infinitate de solutii 2
0 2 4 6
x2

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Metode Numerice Lab 4 Rez. sist. de ecuatii liniare

4 ) Fie sistemul de ecuatii liniare

3x3 + 6 3.1x3 + 5.89
x3 := 0 , 1 .. 6 f1( x3) := f2( x3) :=
3x3 2y3 = 6 2 1.9

3.1x3 1.9y3 = 5.89 14

3 2 6 12
M3 := v3 :=
3.1 1.9 5.89 10
f1( x3)
8
x3 := lsolve( M3 , v3) f2( x3)
6
y3
4

x3 = 0.76 2
0 2 4 6
y3 1.86 x3

Sistemul este slab convergent

Aplicatie 1 Sa se rezolve sistemul de ecuatii (Metoda matricei inverse +Solutia Mathcad)

5x 1 + 3x 2 2x 3 = 6
5 3 2 6
4 x 1 + 7x 2 + x 3 = 4 Matricea coeficientilor "M" este M := 4 7 1 v := 4

3 2 6 5
3 x 1 + 2x 1 + 6x 2 = 5

x1 x1 1
x2 := lsolve( M , v) x2 = 1 <---------------Solutia Mathcad

x3 x3 1

1
x = 1
1 <---------------Solutia matricei inverse
x := M v

1
Aplicatie 2 Sa se rezolve sistemul de ecuatii (Metoda matricei inverse +Solutia Mathcad)

0.3 w + 0.2 x + 6.6 y 1.1 z = 1

6.6 1.1 1
0.3 0.2
v :=
4.5 w 1.8 x 0.3 y + 6.5 z = 0.1 0.1
1.8 6.5
M :=
4.5 6.5
0.01
7.3 9.7 4.1 4.1
7.3 w + 9.7 x + 10.9 y 4.1 z = 0.01 0.001
8.1
2.7 8.9 8.9
8.1 w 2.7 x + 8.7 y + 8.9 z = 0.001

0.074 w w 0.074
0.03
x=
1
x := M v x := lsolve( M , v) x = 0.03
0.142 y y 0.142
0.084
z z
0.084

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Metode Numerice Lab 4 Rez. sist. de ecuatii liniare

Metoda lui Gauss de eliminare a necunoscutelor sistemului

ORIGIN := 1

n := rows( M )

C := augment( M , v ) 0.3 0.2 6.6 1.1 1

4.5 1.8 6.5 6.5 0.1
C=
7.3 9.7 4.1 4.1 0.01
3
8.1 2.7 8.9 8.9 1 10

EliminareNec( Npasi) := CC
for k 1 .. n 1
for i ( k + 1 ) .. n
C
i, k
miu
C
k, k
for j k .. n + 1
C C miu C
i, j i, j k, j
U C
k
U
Npasi

Npasi := 1 .. n 1

SupTriunghi := submatrix( EliminareNec( n 1 ) , 1 , n , 1 , n )

vnou := submatrix( EliminareNec( n 1 ) , 1 , n , n + 1 , n + 1 )

SubstitutiaInapoi := m SupTriunghi
v vnou
v
n
x
n m
n, n
for i n 1 , n 2 .. 1
suma 0
for j ( i + 1 ) .. n
suma suma + m x
i, j j
v suma
i
x
i m
i, i
x

Solutiasistem := SubstitutiaInapoi

0.074
0.03
Solutiasistem =
0.142
0.084

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Metode Numerice Lab 4 Rez. sist. de ecuatii liniare

Aplicatie 3

Determinati reactiunile din reazemele barei simplu rezemate (de sectiune dreptunghiulara) datorate solicitarii a
doua forte concentrate aplicate ca in figura:

Datele de intrare sunt:

L := 1m b := 0.025m d := 0.05m
3
11 bd 4 3
E := 2.068 10 Pa I := I = 2.604 10 m mm
12
F1 := 200 N F2 := 150 N
x1 := 0.152 m x2 := 0.61 m

Reactiunile se obtin din bilantul de forte si momente:

Valorile aproximative initiale: R1 := 0 N R2 := 0 N
Stabilirea ecuatiilor de echilibru pentru determinarea reactiunilor R 1 si R2 :

Given R1 + R2 F1 F2 = 0 <---- ecuatia bilantului de forte

R2 L F1 x1 F2 x2 = 0 <---- ecuatia bilantului de momente

R1 := Find( R1 , R2)

R2

R1 = 111.1 N R2 = 61.1 N