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Application Note No.

9261-001
Power and Signal Line Interruptions
for Automotive Tests

Electronic Switch TOE 9261

9261E-AN001_Rev00.doc

TOELLNER ELECTRONIC INSTRUMENTE GMBH


Gahlenfeldstrasse 31, 58313 Herdecke, Germany
+49 (0) 23 30 - 97 91 91 Fax +49 (0) 23 30 - 97 91 97
E-Mail: info@toellner.de Web: www.toellner.de

Subject to technical changes

TOELLNER Electronic Instrumente GmbH 25.01.2016


Contents Page

1. Introduction .............................................................................................................3
1.1 Required test equipment ....................................................................................................... 3
2. Tests according to standard LV 124 .....................................................................5
2.1 LV 124, E-10, Short interruptions .......................................................................................... 5
2.2 E-10, Short interruptions reference measurements ............................................................ 6
2.3 LV 124, Test E-13, Pin interruption ....................................................................................... 7
2.3.1 E-13, interruption of signal pins up to 4 A current ............................................................... 7
2.3.2 E-13, interruption of signal pins up to 4 A current reference measurements ................... 8
2.3.3 E-13, interruption of signal pins at currents > 4 A ............................................................... 9
2.3.4 E-13, interruption of signal pins at currents > 4 A reference measurements ................. 10
2.3.5 E-13, interruption of ground pins up to 4 A current ........................................................... 10
2.3.6 E-13, interruption of ground pins up to 4 A current reference measurements ............... 11
2.3.7 E-13, interruption of ground pins at currents > 4 A ........................................................... 12
2.3.8 E-13, interruption of ground pins at currents > 4 A reference measurements ............... 13
3. Tests according to standard LV 148 ...................................................................14
3.1 LV 148, E48-09, Short interruptions .................................................................................... 14

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1. Introduction
The Electronic Switch TOE 9261 is a device for time-based turning on and off of load and
signal currents. This device provides an electronic, unidirectional power switch as well as
four electronic bidirectional signal line switches. The power switch can be used for switching
the positive supply line of the load as well as the negative return path (ground). In the
configuration for switching the positive line, a selectable load-parallel crossover for selective
discharging of buffered loads is provided.
A digital input signal can be used to generate on- and off-durations of any time down to the
microsecond range for both the power switch and the signal line switches.
By these features, the TOE 9261 especially is applicable for the following tests according to
the automotive standards LV 124 and LV 148:
LV 124, E-10: Short interruptions
LV 124, E-13: Pin interruption
LV 148, E48-09: Short interruptions
There are many other industry standards based on LV 124 and LV 148 like VW 80000,
GS 95024-2, VW 82148, etc. with power and signal line interruptions, where the Electronic
Switch TOE 9261 can be applied.

Subject of this document is how these tests are carried out by use of the TOE 9261,
especially under consideration of the following points:
Test assembly and wiring of the components
Choice of the right switch, i.e. power switch resp. signal line switch of the TOE 9261
Reference measurements according to the requirements of the LV 124-2013

1.1 Required test equipment


Commonly the following components are needed for the test assemblies:

DUT (Device under Test)


Power supply according to the requirements of the Device under Test
Electronic Switch TOE 9261
4x high current cable (cross section 16 mm) with connector KBT6AR-N/16-S
(Manufacturer: Multi-Contact) to connect the power supply and the DUT to the power
switch of the TOE 9261.
Note Please note, that the connector KBT6AR-N/16-S can only be mounted to a cable by use of
special tooling, soldering is not possible.
The use of the following connection cables of length 1.20 m or 0.50 m
TOE 9260/22 (Red) and TOE 9260/23 (Blue) is recommended:
Item No. Item name
TOE 9260/22 0.50 m connection cable with 1 safety socket, red
TOE 9260/23 0.50 m connection cable with 1 safety socket, blue
TOE 9260/24 1.20 m connection cable with 1 safety socket, red
TOE 9260/25 1.20 m connection cable with 1 safety socket, blue
Pulse source, e.g. Arbitrary Function Generator TOE 7761, or a DAQ-card with digital
outputs
PC as control device for the function generator or DAQ-card to generate the pulse
sequences especially for the tests LV 124 E-10 resp. LV 148 E48-09
Oscilloscope or fast data logger for evaluation of the measurement results

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When performing tests according to LV 124-2013, additionally:
Reference resistors 1 , 100 , and 1 k of low inductance, 5% tolerance to perform
reference measurements. For use with the power switch, the following reference resistor
kit is recommended:
Item No. Item name
TOE 9260/100 Reference Resistor Kit 1 , 100 , and 1 k for power switch

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2. Tests according to standard LV 124
2.1 LV 124, E-10, Short interruptions
Test E-10 shall be applied to power supply lines of the DUT.
The test assembly for the test E-10 is shown in Fig. 1.
For test case 1 neither the DIP switch S2 + 0 nor the DIP switch S2 + 0.1 is set to the
ON position.
For test case 2 the DIP switch S2 + 0 must be switched ON.
For test case 3 of the 2009 version of the LV 124 standard the DIP switch S2 + 0.1 must
be ON and S2 + 0 must be OFF.

Fig. 1: Test assembly for LV 124, E-10

Note The important points for test execution in line with the requirements of the standard aim at
the wiring as explained in the following:
The cross section of the cables must fit to the drawn current. For currents up to 100 A
please use the cables TOE 9260/22 and TOE 9260/23 (length 0.50 m) resp.
TOE 9260/24 and TOE 9260/25 (length 1.20 m).
The two wires from the power supply to the Plus and Minus sockets of the TOE 9261
have to be laid as closely spaced as possible (e.g. twisted) to reach minimum inductance
values.
As long as no artificial network is applied between the power supply and the Plus and
Minus sockets of the TOE 9261, the internal capacitor at the input of the TOE 9261
should be activated by setting the DIP switch INPUT C to ON. So the shortest possible
rise and fall times of the voltage at the DUT are achieved.

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If an artificial network between the power supply and the Plus and Minus sockets of
the TOE 9261 is necessary, the internal capacitor at the input of the TOE 9261 must be
deactivated by setting the DIP switch INPUT C to OFF. In that case the two wires from
the artificial network to the Plus and Minus sockets of the TOE 9261 have to be laid as
closely spaced as possible (e.g. twisted) and also kept as short as possible to get short
rise and fall times at the DUT.
Also the two wires from the OUT and Minus sockets of the TOE 9261 to the DUT have
to be laid as closely spaced as possible (e.g. twisted) and shall be kept as short as
possible. Any additional cable inductance will act as an inductive filter together with the
resistance and / or capacitance of the DUT, which results in increased rise and fall times
measured at the DUT.
If the DUT has to be connected by a wiring harness or if a wiring harness is part of the
DUT, the said remarks are valid for the cables from the OUT and Minus sockets of the
TOE 9261 to the start point of the wiring harness.

2.2 E-10, Short interruptions reference measurements


This section applies to LV 124, version 2013 only. That standard requires reference
measurements before an interruption test is carried out with the DUT. Such a reference
measurement gives proof of the slew rate of the switching operation. For the reference
measurements of the E-10 test the DUT is replaced by a reference resistor of 1 5 %
resp. 100 5 % of low parasitic inductance ( Fig. 1).
To avoid the addition of cable inductivity, the reference resistor shall be connected as close
to the OUT and Minus sockets of the TOE 9261 as possible. The reference resistors of
the TOE 9260/100 kit may be connected directly to the sockets without use of cables.
Because of the high power loss in case of the 1 resistor operated at 11 V according to the
LV 124, the test setup should be prepared in the powerless state. Test execution should be
kept as short as possible.

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2.3 LV 124, Test E-13, Pin interruption
The test E-13 has to be applied to signal pins as well as to ground pins. The choice of the
applicable switch of the TOE 9261 is made in relation to the pin current. For the different
situations, the test assemblies are explained in the following.
Note To get short rise and fall times at the DUT, in general all loop areas of the wiring shall be
kept as small as possible and the wires shall be kept as short as possible.

2.3.1 E-13, interruption of signal pins up to 4 A current


For the interruption of a signal pin, a signal line switch of the TOE 9261 is used. Such a
signal line switch is applicable for a pin current up to 2 A.
If up to 4 A have to be switched, two signal line switches can be paralleled. It is not
recommended to operate more than two switches in parallel. With three or four switches in
parallel the timing requirements of the LV 124-2013 cannot be fulfilled with a 1 k reference
resistor anymore. (For applications different from the LV 124 / LV 148 standards, there are
four signal line switches available in the TOE 9261; if e.g. differential pairs or a 4-pole
connection shall be switched at once.)
Fig. 2 shows the test assembly with use of one or two parallel signal line switches of the
TOE 9261. Only one pin has to be interrupted at one time. The test is then sequentially
carried out for every signal pin of the DUT.

Fig. 2: Test assembly for LV 124, E-13; interruption of a signal pin up to 4 A

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2.3.2 E-13, interruption of signal pins up to 4 A current reference measurements
This section applies to LV 124, version 2013 only. That standard requires reference
measurements before an interruption test is carried out with the DUT. Such a reference
measurement gives proof of the slew rate of the switching operation. For the reference
measurements of the E-13 test the DUT is replaced by a reference resistor of 1 5 % /
4 W resp. 1 k 5 % of low parasitic inductance each.
To avoid the addition of too high cable inductivity, the reference resistor shall be connected
close to the signal line switch by closely spaced wires.
Due to the 2 A current limit of a signal line switch, the measurement with the 1 resistor
must be carried out at a limited voltage of 2 V as shown in Fig. 3. Applying such a reduced
voltage level instead of the actual voltage of the signal pin of the control unit has no
significant influence on the timing of the measured waveform. Reference measurements with
the 1 k resistor can be executed with the same voltage as the normal DUT operation
voltage.
If the DUT is tested with two paralleled signal line switches ( 2.3.1), the reference
measurements have to be carried out with the same configuration of paralleled switches.
Even then the test voltage for the 1 resistor should not exceed 2 V, because the power
dissipation of the resistor amounts to 4 W already.

Fig. 3: Measurement with a 1 reference resistor at a voltage level of 2 V

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2.3.3 E-13, interruption of signal pins at currents > 4 A
For the interruption of a signal pin at a higher current than 4 A, the power switch of the
TOE 9261 must be applied. The test assembly is shown in Fig. 4. Because the power switch
is a unidirectional switch only, attention must be paid to the direction of current flow. Usually,
the current will be sourced by the control unit and sunken by the DUT. If, the other way
round, the DUT sources the current, DUT and control unit must be interchanged.
The DIP switch INPUT C must be in the left position, i.e. switched off, so that no capacitive
load is added to the signal line. Also both the DIP switches S2 + 0.1 and S2 + 0 have
to be at the left positions (off), because no discharge of the signal line shall take place during
the interruption.
Only one pin has to be interrupted at one time. The test is then sequentially carried out for
every signal pin of the DUT.

Fig. 4: Test assembly for LV 124, E-13; interruption of a signal pin > 4 A

Note The important points for test execution in line with the requirements of the standard aim at
the wiring as explained in the following:
The cross section of the cables must fit to the drawn current. For currents up to 100 A
please use the cables TOE 9260/22 and TOE 9260/23 (length 0.50 m) resp.
TOE 9260/24 and TOE 9260/25 (length 1.20 m).
The two wires from the control unit to the Plus and Minus sockets of the TOE 9261
have to be laid as closely spaced as possible (e.g. twisted) and shall be kept as short as
possible to reach minimum inductance values.
Also the two wires from the OUT and Minus sockets of the TOE 9261 to the DUT have
to be laid as closely spaced as possible (e.g. twisted) and shall be kept as short as
possible. Any additional cable inductance will act as an inductive filter together with the
resistance and / or capacitance of the DUT, which results in increased rise and fall times
measured at the DUT.
If the DUT has to be connected by a wiring harness or if a wiring harness is part of the
DUT, the said remarks are valid for the cables from the OUT and Minus sockets of the
TOE 9261 to the start point of the wiring harness.
The positive supply wire has to be laid closely spaced to the negative (ground) wires.

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2.3.4 E-13, interruption of signal pins at currents > 4 A reference measurements
This section applies to LV 124, version 2013 only. That standard requires reference
measurements before an interruption test is carried out with the DUT. Such a reference
measurement gives proof of the slew rate of the switching operation. For the reference
measurements of the E-13 test the DUT is replaced by a reference resistor of 1 5 %
resp. 1 k 5 % of low parasitic inductance each ( Fig. 4).
To avoid the addition of cable inductivity, the reference resistor shall be connected as close
to the OUT and Minus sockets of the TOE 9261 as possible. The reference resistors of
the TOE 9260/100 kit may be connected directly to the sockets without use of cables.
Because of the high power loss in case of the 1 resistor operated at e.g. 12 V, the test
setup should be prepared in the powerless state. Test execution should be kept as short as
possible.

2.3.5 E-13, interruption of ground pins up to 4 A current


Also for the interruption of a ground pin, a signal line switch of the TOE 9261 is used. Such a
signal line switch is applicable for a ground current up to 2 A.
If up to 4 A have to be switched, two signal line switches can be paralleled. It is not
recommended to operate more than two switches in parallel. With three or four switches in
parallel the timing requirements of the LV 124-2013 cannot be fulfilled with a 1 k reference
resistor anymore.
Fig. 5 shows the test assembly with use of one or two parallel signal line switches of the
TOE 9261.
To get short rise and fall times at the DUT, all loop areas of the wiring shall be kept as small
as possible and the wires shall be kept as short as possible.

Note If the applied power supply has an internal capacity between its minus terminal and earth,
the oscilloscope resp. data logger must not earth the minus terminal of the reference
resistor. Otherwise a capacity appears across the signal line switch, and the switching
times increase, especially at small load currents.
A differential probe or an isolating transformer for supplying the oscilloscope resp. data
logger shall be used in this case.

Fig. 5: Test assembly for LV 124, E-13; interruption of a ground pin up to 4 A

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2.3.6 E-13, interruption of ground pins up to 4 A current reference measurements
This section applies to LV 124, version 2013 only. That standard requires reference
measurements before an interruption test is carried out with the DUT. Such a reference
measurement gives proof of the slew rate of the switching operation. For the reference
measurements of the E-13 test the DUT is replaced by a reference resistor of 1 5 %
resp. 1 k 5 % of low parasitic inductance each.
To avoid the addition of too high cable inductivity, the reference resistor shall be connected
close to the signal line switch by closely spaced wires.
Due to the 2 A current limit of a signal line switch, the measurement with the 1 resistor
must be carried out at a limited voltage of 2 V as shown in Fig. 6. Applying such a reduced
voltage level instead of the actual voltage of the control unit has no significant influence on
the timing of the measured waveform. Reference measurements with the 1 k resistor can
be executed with the same voltage as the normal DUT operation voltage.
If the DUT is tested with two paralleled signal line switches ( 2.3.5), the reference
measurements have to be carried out with the same configuration of paralleled switches.
Even then the test voltage for the 1 resistor should not exceed 2 V, because the power
dissipation of the resistor amounts to 4 W already.

Note If the applied power supply has an internal capacity between its minus terminal and earth,
the oscilloscope resp. data logger must not earth the minus terminal of the reference
resistor. Otherwise a capacity appears across the signal line switch, and the switching
times increase, especially at the small load current in case of the 1 k reference resistor.
A differential probe or an isolating transformer for supplying the oscilloscope resp. data
logger shall be used in this case.

Fig. 6: Measurement with a 1 reference resistor at a voltage level of 2 V

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2.3.7 E-13, interruption of ground pins at currents > 4 A
For the interruption of a ground pin at a higher current than 4 A, the power switch of the
TOE 9261 must be applied. The test assembly is shown in Fig. 7.
If the DUT has only control and ground pins but no positive supply pin, one of the control
lines can be fed via the TOE 9261 in place of the positive supply line for proper operation.
For all DUTs the setup of the TOE 9261 shall be the following:
The DIP switch INPUT C shall be in the left position, i.e. switched off, so that no capacitive
load is added to a possible signal line.
To apply the power switch for ground interruptions, the current is switched by S2 instead of
S1. Therefor the the following settings are required:
The DIP switch S2 + 0 has to be switched ON (right position).
The DIP-Switch S1 ENABLE has to be switched OFF (right position, too).
As S2 is driven inversely to S1, it may be advantageous to set the DIP switch CONTROL to
INV. For details please refer to the TOE 9261 manual.

Fig. 7: Test assembly for LV 124, E-13; interruption of a ground pin > 4 A

Note The important points for test execution in line with the requirements of the standard aim at
the wiring as explained in the following:
The cross section of the cables must fit to the drawn current. For currents up to 100 A
please use the cables TOE 9260/22 and TOE 9260/23 (length 0.50 m) resp.
TOE 9260/24 and TOE 9260/25 (length 1.20 m).
The two wires from the control unit to the Plus and Minus sockets of the TOE 9261
have to be laid as closely spaced as possible (e.g. twisted) and shall be kept as short as
possible to reach minimum inductance values.
Also the two wires from the Plus and OUT sockets of the TOE 9261 to the DUT have
to be laid as closely spaced as possible (e.g. twisted) and shall be kept as short as
possible. Any additional cable inductance will act as an inductive filter together with the
resistance and / or capacitance of the DUT, which results in increased rise and fall times
measured at the DUT.

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If the DUT has to be connected by a wiring harness or if a wiring harness is part of the
DUT, the said remarks are valid for the cables from the Plus and OUT sockets of the
TOE 9261 to the start point of the wiring harness.
Signal line wires have to be laid closely spaced to the negative (ground) wires.

2.3.8 E-13, interruption of ground pins at currents > 4 A reference measurements


This section applies to LV 124, version 2013 only. That standard requires reference
measurements before an interruption test is carried out with the DUT. Such a reference
measurement gives proof of the slew rate of the switching operation. For the reference
measurements of the E-13 test the DUT is replaced by a reference resistor of 1 5 %
resp. 1 k 5 % of low parasitic inductance each. This reference resistor is connected
directly from Plus to OUT ( Fig. 7).
To avoid the addition of cable inductivity, the reference resistor shall be connected as close
to the Plus and OUT sockets of the TOE 9261 as possible. The reference resistors of the
TOE 9260/100 kit may be connected directly to the sockets without use of cables.
Because of the high power loss in case of the 1 resistor operated at e.g. 12 V, the test
setup should be prepared in the powerless state. Test execution should be kept as short as
possible.

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3. Tests according to standard LV 148
3.1 LV 148, E48-09, Short interruptions
Fig. 8 shows the test assembly for test E48-09. According to the LV 148 standard the DIP
switch S2 + 0 has to be set to the ON position.

Fig. 8: Test assembly for LV 148, E48-09

Note The important points for test execution in line with the requirements of the standard aim at
the wiring as explained in the following:
The cross section of the cables must fit to the drawn current. For currents up to 100 A
please use the cables TOE 9260/22 and TOE 9260/23 (length 0.50 m) resp.
TOE 9260/24 and TOE 9260/25 (length 1.20 m).
The two wires from the power supply to the Plus and Minus sockets of the TOE 9261
have to be laid as closely spaced as possible (e.g. twisted) to reach minimum inductance
values.
As long as no artificial network is applied between the power supply and the Plus and
Minus sockets of the TOE 9261, the internal capacitor at the input of the TOE 9261
should be activated by setting the DIP switch INPUT C to ON. So the shortest possible
rise and fall times of the voltage at the DUT are achieved.
If an artificial network between the power supply and the Plus and Minus sockets of
the TOE 9261 is necessary, the internal capacitor at the input of the TOE 9261 must be
deactivated by setting the DIP switch INPUT C to OFF. In that case the two wires from
the artificial network to the IN sockets of the TOE 9261 have to be laid as closely spaced
as possible (e.g. twisted) and also kept as short as possible to get short rise and fall
times at the DUT.
Also the two wires from the OUT and Minus sockets of the TOE 9261 to the DUT have
to be laid as closely spaced as possible (e.g. twisted) and shall be kept as short as
possible. Any additional cable inductance will act as an inductive filter together with the
resistance and / or capacitance of the DUT, which results in increased rise and fall times
measured at the DUT.
If the DUT has to be connected by a wiring harness or if a wiring harness is part of the
DUT, the said remarks are valid for the cables from the OUT sockets of the TOE 9261 to
the start point of the wiring harness.

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