English File Upper-Intermediate 3rd Edition U1A

approach (to) n The new approach to selecting candidates comes from Silicon
Valley.
bizarre adj /bz/ They asked some bizarre questions in the job interview.
coincide v /knsad/ Do any of the interpretations coincide with what you already thought?
(with)
cruel adj Some interviewers can be extremely cruel to jobseekers.
demanding adj It was a very demanding job interview process.
despise v /dspaz/ Which living person do you most despise, and why?
ensure v Steps must be taken to ensure this never happens again.
essentially adv Essentially, we use this interview technique to find people who can
handle stress.
expand v /kspnd/ Expand your notes into full sentences.
headhunter n A headhunter finds people with the necessary skills to work for a
company.
inexcusable adj Her comments were highly offensive and quite inexcusable.
job seeker n Every job seeker needs coaching to succeed just as all athletes receive
coaching.
nerve-racking adj The presentation of a speech can be a nerve-racking experience.
overuse v Which words or phrases do you most overuse?
recruitment He works for a recruitment agency as a headhunter.
agency n
weird adj /wd/ Its really weird that theres no one at home at this time of day.

English Vocabulary in Use Upper-Intermediate 3rd Edition

U15 Work

workaholic n Friends say hes always been a workaholic.

be fired She was fired after she was caught stealing from her employer.
be laid off Government figures show that fewer and fewer workers are being laid-
off.
be made redundant To keep the company alive, half the workforce is being made
redundant.
be offered a job She was offered a job in Paris.
be on / take maternity / paternity She plans to take a longer maternity leave after the babys birth.
leave
be on / take sick leave She was on sick leave for two months.
be on / work flexi-time 25% of the employees work flexi-time.
be / get promoted to She's just been promoted to senior sales rep.
be / work in (publishing, banking) She is a teacher and her husband works in publishing.
civil servant His father was a civil servant, and his mother managed a bookstore.
do (sth) for a living What do you do for a living? (= What is your job?)
do shiftwork / work shifts To get the job I had to agree to work shifts no-one else wanted, the
slow nights, Sunday and Monday.
get the sack He got the sack for swearing.
go/be on strike If we don't have a contract by noon tomorrow, we'll go on strike.
make a living Can you really make a living by selling cosmetics?
public relations officer George is a public relations officer( PRO) for the John Bennet Trust.
(un)skilled worker Germanys shortage of skilled workers has hit the health sector
 especially hard.
take early retirement Some employees will be forced to take early retirement.
take on phr v I can't take on any more work at the moment.
work nine-to-five She's tired of working nine-to-five.

English File Upper-Intermediate 3rd Edition U1B

absent-minded adj Shes so absent-minded shes always forgetting things.

arrogant adj People who sign their names in capital letters are often arrogant.
bad-tempered adj When his headaches developed, Nick became bad-tempered and even
violent.
big-headed adj My sister is so big-headed shes always telling us how brilliant she
is!
carry on (doing sth) phr v If you carry on spending money like that, youll end up in debt.
devoted (to) Trewin devoted his life to literature.
easy-going adj My husband is really easy-going and calm.
entirely adv Towns only a few miles apart can have entirely different dialects.
estate agent n The estate agent showed us around the house.
evolve v /vlv/ As time goes on you will evolve as a person.
glance (at) v I hadn't even glanced at the report.
good-tempered adj My mum is very good-tempered.
hire v I hired someone to paint the house.
interpret v Can you interpret someones personality from their signature?
laid-back adj Im really laid-back nothing bothers me usually.
legible adj /ledbl/ Your signature is pretty legible.
narrow-minded adj The people who live in this street are really judgmental and narrow-
minded.
odd adj Your neighbour looks really odd.
open-minded adj Psychotherapists need to be open-minded.
self-centred adj She always thinks about herself shes so self-centred.
signature n What does your signature say about you?
stable adj Are you an emotionally stable person?
strong-willed adj /wld/ My son is strong-willed so its difficult to stop him doing what he
wants.
tight-fisted adj My aunt is really tight-fisted she never buys Christmas presents.
two-faced adj My boss is so two-faced he says one thing to me and another behind
my back.
well-balanced adj Shes really well-balanced so she deals with problems easily.

English Vocabulary in Use Upper-Intermediate 3rd Edition

U8 Describing People: Character Adjectives

assertive If you want people to listen to your opinions, you'll need to learn to be more
assertive.
blunt I'll be blunt - that last piece of work you did was terrible.
bossy A bossy person is always telling people what to do.
brainy Sarah was beautiful and brainy.
bright They were bright children, always asking questions.
cunning Despite the complex security systems in modern vehicles, cunning thieves still
manage to get away with thousands of cars and trucks every year.
determined She will get the job she wants - she's a very determined person.
(dis)courteous /dis'ktis/ The employees were unhelpfull and discourteous.
down-to-earth She's a down-to-earth woman with no pretensions.
dumb /dm/ Are they brave or just dumb?
economical He was economical in all areas of life.
envious I think she is envious of your success.
extravagant Her extravagant spending has to stop.
frank Our ballet teacher is very frank about telling her students whether she thinks
they have the talent for a career in dance.
gregarious He is a gregarious person who avoids solitude.
innocent You can't be so innocent as to believe what advertisements say!
naive He's so naive he'll believe anything I tell him.
nosy Why can't people mind their own business and stop being so nosy?
obstinate Although the little boy knew he was wrong, he was too obstinate to apologize to
his parents.
quarrelsome Quarrelsome people are often moody or sensitive: any little thing can get them
upset.
self-important He was self-important, vain and ignorant.
sensible She was a sensible girl and did not panic.
sensitive A sensitive child can get very upset by people arguing.
shrewd She was shrewd enough to guess the motive behind his gesture.
sincere He sounded sincere in his promises.
sly He leaned forward with a sly smile.
stingy Shes too stingy to give money to charity.
stubborn I don't like stubborn people, they always think they're right and don't listen to
anything else.
tense He was very tense before the exam.
thrifty The war taught us to manage with rations, not only not to waste but to be
thrifty, she told The Daily Telegraph in 2011.
trustworthy I think I've convinced them that you're a trustworthy soul.

English Vocabulary in Use Upper-Intermediate 3rd Edition

U9 Idioms Describing Character

bury ones head in the sand The problem won't go away so there's no point burying your head in the
sand.
get on everyone's nerves He gets on everyone's nerves. In other words, he irritates everybody.
a heart of gold She does a lot of voluntary work; she has a heart of gold.
a know-all Sam is a real know-all. He thinks he knows everything.
a lazy-bones She's very lazy, she's a lazy-bones.
a pain in the neck She's a pain in the neck. Nobody likes her.
teacher's pet The person who is the teacher's favourite is the teacher's pet.

English File Upper-Intermediate 3rd Edition

U1 Colloquial English: Talking about Interviews

be aware (of ) They appealed to parents to be aware of the problem of underage drinking.
covering letter n It's not easy to write the covering letter that goes with CVs.
recruiter n The chances of your resume ever seeing the light of day and getting noticed by a
corporate recruiter are slim.

English File Upper-Intermediate 3rd Edition U2A

Illnesses and Injuries

(high/low) blood /bld pre/ My grandmother has high blood pressure and takes medication for
pressure n it.
ache n,v /ek/ Its common to have an ache in your side if you have a kidney
stone; My back is aching. I shouldn't have lifted those boxes.
allergic (to) adj I was allergic to the medicine I was given.
antibiotic n /ntibatk/ The doctor gave me antibiotics for my ear infection.
antiseptic cream n /ntiseptk/ She cleaned the cut with antiseptic cream.
bleed v A cut finger can sometimes bleed for a long time.
blister n You will get a blister if you wear shoes that are too tight.
choke (on) v Be careful not to choke on that boiled sweet.
come round v If you pour cold water on his face he might come round.
faint v I faint when I see blood.
get over phr v It often takes a long time to get over flu.
lie down phr v /la dan/ Please lie down on the couch.
lose consciousness v / luz Call an ambulance I think hes going to lose consciousness.
knsns/
painkiller n After the operation you will need to take painkillers for a few days.
pass out phr v Im so tired I think Im going to pass out.
rash n /r/ One of the symptoms of measles is a red rash.
recover (from) v / rkv(r)/ How long does it normally take to recover from flu
sprain v I dont play tennis because Im afraid I might sprain my wrist.
stitches n pl /sttz/ I needed stitches for the cut on my head.
swallow v /swl/ Does it hurt when you swallow food?
swell (swelled, swolen) v This bee sting is starting to swell.
throw upphr v I had to run to the bathroom and throw up.
twist v Watch out for that hole in the ground you dont want to twist your
ankle.
unconscious adj /nkns/ She was unconscious so I phoned an ambulance.
vomit v /vmt/ Some people vomit when they travel by boat in rough seas.

More words and phrases U2A

alternative remedy n /ltntv I used an alternative remedy a herbal barrier cream to cure my
remdi/ hayfever.
blink v Making an effort to focus on the page means that we blink less
often and our eyes dry out.
diagnosis n /danss/ The doctor gave me the wrong diagnosis.
digest v The flow of blood to the brain decreases while the body digests it.
discomfort n People believe this myth because of the discomfort they experience
when they have been reading in the dim light.
discriminate v /dskrmnet/ The online information often doesnt discriminate between common
and very rare conditions.
drowsiness n Some foods contain chemicals that cause drowsiness.
GP (general /di pi/ After days of intensive internet diagnosis, I finally went to see my
practitioner) n GP.
heart rate n /ht ret/ She told me that my heart rate was a bit fast.
herbal adj /hbl/ Hes a strong believer in herbal medicine.
hypochondriac n /hapkndrik/ My uncle thinks hes ill hes such a hypochondriac.
(ins)ufficient adj Reading in insufficient light might ruin your eyesight.
intake n Adequate fluid intake is usually met through our daily consumption
of juice, milk and other drinks.
life-threatening adj /laf retn/ I convinced myself that I had a life-threatening illness.
cure n /kj(r)/ Some homeopathic remedies claim to be a miracle cure.
nosebleed n I was playing football when I suddenly had a terrible nosebleed.
observation n I was kept in hospital for observation.
reveal v This study could reveal a serious problem
support v /spt/ Put something under your leg to support it.
surgery n /sdri/ I was told that I needed heart surgery.
treat v Whats the best way to treat a nosebleed?
tumour n /tjum// A brain tumour develops in fewer than one in 50,000 people.
under the weather A few weeks ago I was feeling under the weather.
wound n /wund/ Wash the wound under running water.
X-ray n /eks re/ He had an X-ray to see if he had broken his leg.
 English Vocabulary in Use Upper-Intermediate 3rd Edition
U27 Health and Medicine

a black eye He gave me a black eye.

breathless adj I felt breathless after jogging for five minutes.
bruise n I've got a bruise on my leg.
contract v He contracted AIDS.
die (of) v He died of a heart attack.
dislocate v She fell and dislocated her shoulder.
dizzy adj The children were dizzy after spinning in circles.
hurt v My foot hurts from where I knocked it against the table.
(in)digestion n After eating too fast you might get indigestion.
itch v I've been bitten by an insect my leg is itching.
lump n I've got a lump on my arm.
operate (on) v The surgeon decided to operate on her and remove the tumour.
pick up a bug I think I've picked up a bug somewhere.
plaster n You'll have to have your leg put in plaster until the break mends.
prescribe v What did the doctor prescribe?
sickness and / dar/ I've got sickness and diarrhoea, so I need to go to the toilet frequently.
diarrhoea
shiver v I knew it was a flu. I had a headache and started shivering.
spots n Her face was all in red spots.
sunburn n Use sunscreen to prevent sunburn.
suffer a stroke My uncle suffered a stroke, so he lost the ability to move his right arm and leg.
teaspoonful n Take a teaspoonful of medicine after supper.
tremble v My hands are trembling after the shock.

English File Upper-Intermediate 3rd Edition U2B

Clothes

accessory n As far as accessories are concerned, teenagers wear

(usually pl) sunglasses, bright belts and have a couple of piercings.
checked adj /tekt/ I wore a checked shirt to the party.
cloth n /kl/ Use a piece of clean cloth as a bandage.
cotton vest n /ktn vest/ I always wear a cotton vest under my clothes in winter.
denim adj /denm/ I take my things to school in a denim rucksack.
dress up v Im going to dress up tonight.
fashion-conscious /fn kns/ Most teenagers are really fashion-conscious.
adj
fit v /ft/ These jeans dont fit me.
go out of fashion /fn/ That style of skirt will go out of fashion really quickly.
go with v I dont think that skirt will go with this top.
hooded adj /hdd/ Lots of teenagers like to wear hooded tops.
in fashion /fn/ Skinny jeans are really in fashion this season.
lace n /les/ I wore a black lace top on our first date.
sandals n pl /sndlz/ He wore brown leather sandals every day on his holiday.
linen adj /lnn/ He wore a beige linen suit at the wedding.
long sleeved adj /l slivd/ I wore a blue long sleeved shirt.
match v Does this bag match my shoes?
pattern n /ptn/ Check and flower patterns are popular these days.
patterned adj /ptnd/ She wore a patterned skirt with flowers on.
plain adj I tried on a plain blue top.
scruffy adj /skrfi/ My teenage brother always looks really scruffy and dirty.
silk scarf n /slk skf/ Thats a beautiful silk scarf.
sleeveless adj /slivls/ I wore a sleeveless dress to the wedding.
spotted adj She wore a pink and white spotted dress to the party.
striped adj /strpt/ I wore a blue and white striped T-shirt on the beach.
stylish adj Thats a really stylish dress.
suede boots n pl /swed/ I bought myself some lovely brown suede boots.
suit v /sut/ Those glasses really suit you.
trendy adj She always looks really trendy.
wool(len) cardigan n /wl(n) kdn/ My nan knitted me a blue woollen cardigan.

More words and phrases U2B

clumsy adj Im so clumsy Im always breaking things.

conform (to) v /knfm/ Do you know people in that age group who dont conform to stereotypes?
contribute (to) v The increase in the number of old people contributes to overpopulation.
deaf adj /def/ Lots of old people become deaf.
false teeth n pl /fls ti/ My grandmother wears false teeth.
garment n (fml) Hipsters don't worry if the garments don't match.
wig n I wore a grey wig to make myself look older.
piercing n /ps/ She has a piercing in her eyebrow.
tattoo n /ttu/ I have a tattoo on my ankle.
vain adj Fashion-conscious people are usually vain and selfish.
vintage adj I love vintage clothes, garments from a certain period in the past.
vulnerable adj /vlnrbl/ Old people living on their own can feel quite vulnerable.
wrinkled adj /rkld/ That old lady has really wrinkled skin.

English Vocabulary in Use Upper-Intermediate 3rd Edition

U7 Describing People: Appearance

anorexic adj If you refuse to eat and are terribly thin, you may be anorexic.
auburn adj /':bn/ Auburn hair is red-brown.
bald adj /'b:ld/ He's been bald since he retired.
fair adj Scandinavians usually have fair hair and skin.
chubby adj He has a chubby face.
fair/dark complexion Would you find fair complexion attractive?
a crew-cut /kru:/ A crew -cut is a hairstyle for men in which the hair is cut very short.
fair/dark-skinned She is dark-skinned.
feature n Her eyes are her best feature.
freckles n He has freckles on his cheeks.
get a tan Some people like getting a tan in summer.
ginger-haired adj Ginger-haired is the same as red-haired.
messy-looking adj Her neighbour is very scrufffy and messy-looking.
overweight adj Instead of fat we often say a bit overweight.
personality n Personality, not appearance matters most.
plump adj He is a rather plump person.
receding adj He's got receding hair and a few wrinkles.
round/thin-faced She is thin-faced. It means that she's got a thin face.
skinny adj A skinny person is a rather negative way to describe one.
smart adj She is a very smart and elegant woman, always well-dressed.
stocky adj If someone is broad and solid, we can say they are stocky.
stout adj He is a rather plump or stout person.
stunning adj She looked stunning in her red dress.
obese adj Very fat people (impolite) are said to be obese.
untidy-looking adj Her neighbour is very scrufffy and untidy-looking.

English Vocabulary in Use Upper-Intermediate 3rd Edition

U26 Clothes

badge n A distinguishing object or emblem is called a badge. They wore plastic name badges.
baggy adj He was rather skinny, so he was fond of wearing a baggy sweater or a loose shirt.
buckle n Most rucksacks have quick release buckles.
button n I still have to sew up some buttons.
casually adv She looks elegant even when she is dressed casually.
change (out of ... into) He changed out of his weekend clothes into his uniform.
disguise n The burglars wore masks and hoods as a disguise.
heel n I must get my shoes repaired. One heel is broken.
inside out She put her top on inside out I can see the label.
national costume n Does your country have a special national costume?
(shoe) laces n Do up your laces or you'll fall over.
slippers n The floor is very cold put on your slippers.
zip (fastener) n Zip is used to fasten garments, bags and other items.

English File Upper-Intermediate 3rd Edition U3A

Air Travel

aisle n /al/ The cabin crew started to run up and down the aisle.
baggage reclaim n You need to go to baggage reclaim.
board v Passengers were waiting to board the plane.
cabin crew n /'kru/ Can you call one of the cabin crew to help me with my hand luggage?
cancellation The cancellation announcement was made when we were waiting to
announcement n board the plane.
collect v Please collect your luggage on arrival.
connecting flight n When I get to Frankfurt I need to get a connecting flight to Berlin.
departures board n We looked at the departures board to find out about our flight.
(dis)courtesy n /ktsi/ Another miracle, courtesy of the airline industry!
disembark v Passengers demanded to be flown to Paris and refused to disembark.
direct flight n Is there a direct flight from London to Bangkok?
divert v There was thick fog, so the flight was diverted to another city.
domestic flight n The domestic flight flew from London to Manchester.
drop off v Can your mum drop us off at the airport tomorrow morning?
emergency exit n /ezt, They pushed towards the emergency exit.
ekst/
flight delay n Typical excuses for flight delays are bad weather, strikes, or technical
faults.
inflate v Dont inflate your life jacket too early.
jet lag / jetlag n My jet lag after the flight was worse than usual.
life jacket n They tell you how to put your life jacket on.
long-haul flight n /hl / Have you ever been on a long-haul flight?
parking lot n We left our car in the parking lot.
pick up v Where can we pick up our luggage?
request v Some of the people who request wheelchairs often dont need them.
runway n The plane taxied along the runway.
turbulence n /:/ Is turbulence really dangerous?
upgrade v /pred/ Wed like to upgrade you to first class.

English Vocabulary in Use Upper-Intermediate 3rd Edition

U30 Travel

(be) stuck My flight was cancelled and I was stuck at the airport.
bumpy adj The weather was bad, so our flight was bumpy.
coach n /kt/ Coach can refer to a type of bus or individual carriages on a train.
get airsick / suffer Luckily, I didn't get airsick, but I had terrible jetlag afterwards.
from airsickness
get seasick / suffer The sea was rough and I was worried I might get seasick.
from seasickness
journey n /dn/ A journey is usually longer than a trip.
take a trip/ 'Take a trip' or 'have a trip' could be something you do yourselves in your own
have a trip car.
go on a trip 'Go on a trip' suggests an organized short excursion.
hitch-hike v We hitch-hiked round Australia.
put sb up The airline put me up in a hotel overnight.
rough sea n /rf/ I hope the sea is calm. I hate rough seas.
run smoothly It was a good journey, everything ran smoothly.
sleeping car n I asked if there was a sleeping car on the train so I could travel overnight.
travel n Travel broadens the mind.
voyage n Voyage means a long journey usually by sea.

English File Upper-Intermediate 3rd Edition U3B

Adverbs and adverbial phrases

actually adv I thought he was lazy, but actually he works really hard.
anyway adv Its good that I was made redundant because I wanted to leave the
company anyway.
apparently adv /prntli/ Apparently this house is worth 200,000!
at the end adv phr At the end of the concert we all clapped.
basically adv Basically we dont have enough money to move.
especially adv I love ice-cream, especially vanilla-flavoured.
even adv He always wears the latest fashions even if they dont suit him.
eventually adv It took a long time, but eventually we had enough money to buy a house.
gradually adv Mark gradually began to realize that Lucy didnt love him anymore.
hard adv How hard does your father work?
hardly adv Its so foggy, I can hardly see anything.
ideally adv Ideally wed like to live near the sea, but its not practical.
in fact adv The woman thought they were friends, but in fact they hated each other.
in the end adv phr I thought the job would be boring, but in the end I loved it.
late adv They came late because of bad weather.
lately adv I havent heard from Mike lately.
near adv Is there a bank near here?
nearly adv Ive nearly finished my book.
obviously adv Shes been promoted, so obviously shell get a pay rise.
specially adv I wrote a specially commissioned report for the government.

More words and phrases U3B

award v The writer was awarded the Prize in recognition of her outstanding
contribution to children's books.
bend v She watched him bend iron.
contribute (to) v /kntrbjut, Fiftywordstories.com is a website to which people from all over the world
kntrbjut/ contribute fifty-word stories in English.
fairly adv It was fairly busy in the town centre.
fiction n Do you prefer to read fiction or non-fiction?
grab (sb/ sth) v I saw him grab that ladys bag.
outstanding adj He was famous for his outstanding contribution to children's books.
revenge n /rvend/ Revenge is sweet. The man said he had burned down the factory out of
(out of revenge, revenge / in revenge for being dismissed.
in revenge)
set out to do (sth) They wouldnt stop until they had done what they had set out to do.
shadowed adj She examined the look on his shadowed face.
specifically adv /spsfkli/ Do you read anything specifically to improve your English?
stab (sb) v Im scared someone is going to stab me in this pub.
straight away adv Ill let you know straight away.
traumatic adj /trmtk/ It was a very traumatic experience.

English File Upper-Intermediate 3rd Edition U4A

ban v He was banned from driving for three years.

blizzard n /blzd/ A blizzard is a snow storm with very strong winds.
boiling adj Its too hot today. Its boiling.
carbon footprint n /kbn/ My flights made my carbon footprint much bigger.
damp adj The clothes are damp. There must have been a bit of rain last night.
drought n /drat/ A drought is a long, dry period when there is little or no rain.
environmentally I only shop at places which stock environmentally friendly
friendly products.
get soaked v /skt/ It poured with rain and I didnt have an umbrella. I got soaked.
hail n Hail is small balls of ice that fall like rain.
heavy (rain, snow) The rain was so heavy I had to stop driving.
adj
humid adj /hjumd/ Its hot and theres a lot of moisture in the air. It feels humid.
Indian summer n Indian summer is a period of warm weather in late autumn or early
winter.
mild adj Its quite mild by September. The summer heat has gone.
mist n The mist from the sea was so thick I couldnt see anything.
moisture n /mst/ Its hot and theres a lot of moisture in the air. It feels humid.
occasional a d j It will be mostly sunny with occasional periods of rain.
occur v /k/ How often do these hot periods occur?
recyclable adj My shopping bag is made of recyclable materarials.
reusable adj /rijuzbl/ I own several reusable shopping bags made of recyclable materials.
run out v Other sources of energy will be needed as fossil fuels will run out.
soar v /s/ Temperatures are set to soar to 30 degrees on Saturday.
scorching adj Its scorching! I need to go inside to cool down.
settled adj /setld/ After a period of changeable weather it became much more settled.
slippery adj Be careful! The stairs are very slippery.
solar panel n /sl Most people will have installed solar panels or wind turbines on their
pnl/ houses or blocks of flats to generate their own electricity.

spell n We need this warm spell after the rain we have had.
sweat v /swet/ Im sweating. Can we turn the air conditioning on?
thick (fog) adj The fog was so thick I couldnt see anything.
turbine n /tban/ A wind turbine converts wind power into energy.

English Vocabulary in Use Upper-Intermediate 3rd Edition

U6 The Weather

downpour n There was a heavy downpour. It was absolutely pouring down.

frost n Winter arrives with frost, icy roads and severe weather, including heavy
snow.
gale n /'geil/ There was a gale. It blew a newspaper right out of my hands.
muggy adj In a tropical climate, the weather is often stifling, muggy and humid.
overcast adj /'vka:st/ The sky was very overcast. It looked as if it would rain at any minute.
severe adj Winter arrives with frost, icy roads and severe weather, including heavy
snow.
stifling adj The weather was stifling. We had to use the air-conditioning every
afternoon.
thaw v /'/ In the far north the ground starts to thaw in May or even June.
torrential rain np In Malaysia there is usually torrential rain most days, and the roads
sometimes get flooded.

English Vocabulary in Use Upper-Intermediate 3rd Edition

 U23 Environmental Problems

acid rain n Acid rain can poison lakes, kill forests, and corrode buildings.
climate change n Obama also plans to discuss climate change and energy policy
during a visit to Alaska in early September.
conservation n Harry is currently working in South Africa on conservation projects.
disposable adj Disposable items like plastic cups and paper plates have a harmful
effect on the environment.
dispose (of) v Staff can dispose of all recyclable items in these green bins.
endanger v Air pollution may endanger the lives of people with respiratory
illnesses.
extinct adj The Sumatran rhinothe rarest rhino speciesis now considered
extinct in the wild in Malaysia, according to a study published this
month.
fossil fuel n The burning of fossil fuels causes more greenhouse gases to build up
in the atmosphere.
greenhouse effect n They are very clear that the rising carbon dioxide is actually
contributing to an increased greenhouse effect at those sites.
hazardous waste n It alleges that a DEQ employee knew about holes used to hide or
illegally dump barrels of hazardous waste.
organic adj Generally speaking, Americans say they want healthier dietsmore
organic foods, more vegetables, less sugar, salt, and fat, and so on.
overpopulation n It is one symptom of a global problem - human overpopulation.
ozone depletion n Established in 1985, that Convention protects us from the potentially
devastating effects of ozone depletion.
ozone layer n The ozone layer in the Earth's atmosphere helps protect our planet.
polar ice caps n Global warming is leading to the thawing of the polar ice caps.
pollutant n Carbon dioxide (CO) is an example of an air pollutant.
(endangered) species n /spiiz/ Mountain gorillas are an endangered species.

English File Upper-Intermediate 3rd Edition U4B

addicted to He's addicted to smoking.

back v
break the speed limit
call off phr v
face v
get straight to the point
reckless driving
take a risk
take advantage of
take into account
take out (insurance)
take sth. seriously
take up phr v
urban adj
vulnerability n
I'm backing him for President.
Do you ever go really fast and break the speed limit?
The rain is too heavy. We should call off the match.
The lessons learned from facing the difficulties may be very valuable in
everyday life.
Let me get straight to the point. This is not good enough.
In United States law, reckless driving is a major moving traffic violation.
I'm not reckless, but I don't mind taking a risk now and then.
Try to take advantage of every opportunity that comes your way.
We will take your long years of service into account when we make our final
decision.
If you buy a house, you must take out fire insurance to protect you from loss.
We need to take the risks involved in driving very seriously.
I took up skiing last fall.
I cant live in rural areas. I like living in urban places.
Capitols front yard exposed a vulnerability of prime terrorist targets.

English Vocabulary in Use Upper-Intermediate 3rd Edition

U17 Sport

archery n Archery is the sport of shooting arrows from a bow.

bat n (baseball) In baseball you use a ball and a bat.
club n (golf) In golf you use a ball and a club.
competitive adj All Olympic sports are highly competitive; everyone has one ambition to
win gold.
cue n (billiards) In snooker/ pool/ billiards you use a cue and different ball colours that are
worth different numbers of points.
fencing n Fencing is the sport of fighting with a long thin sword.
get knocked out My team got knocked out in the second round of the competition.
high/ long jump My favourite sports are fencing and the high jump.
hold a record He holds the record for the 100 metres breaststroke.
javelin n /'dvlin/ Competitors throw a javelin which is a long stick with a pointed end.
make it to/ Last year, our team made it to/ reached the final for the first time in 10
reach (the semi- years.
final)
oar n (rowing) /'/ He lost one oar rowing his boat across the lake.
pole vault The sport of jumping over a high bar using a long pole is called pole vault.
qualify v His national team failed to qualify for the World Cup.
(fishing) rod/line n He caught a huge fish with a simple rod/ just with a fishing line.
set a record Were there many new records set at the last Olympics?
stick n (ice-hockey) A stick and a ball are used in field hockey.

English File Upper-Intermediate 3rd Edition U5A; 5B

Feelings

astonished adj I was astonished when they lost. They always win.
bewildered (by) adj /bwldd/ I was bewildered by the range of choices.
delighted adj I was delighted with my high score.
desperate adj I was desperate to get a job. I really needed the money.
devastated adj /devstetd/ I was devastated when my grandad died.
grateful adj Im grateful for any help I get.
homesick adj I miss home so much. Im feeling homesick.
horrified adj My mum was horrified with the mess in my room.
offended adj /fendd/ I feel really offended. My cousin didnt invite me to his wedding.
overwhelmed adj I just dont know what to say. Im overwhelmed with emotion.
relieved adj I was relieved when I finally got a job.
shattered adj Im absolutely shattered. I just want to sit down and relax.
stunned adj /stnd/ I was stunned by the proposal. I just wasnt expecting it.
thrilled adj /rld/ I was thrilled when I heard I was going to become a grandparent.

More words and phrases U5A & 5B

abandon v /bndn/ Eventually they decided to abandon the search for the village and just hike
back to Apollo.
assess v They dont panic and assess the situation clearly.
attempt n It took me five attempts to get it right.
avalanche n /vln/ An avalanche can be extremely dangerous for climbers.
bother v / I wish people wouldnt leave supermarket trolleys in the car park just
can't be bothered because they cant be bothered to take them back.
(to do sth)
come to terms Humour plays a fundamental role in helping us to come to terms with our
with (sth) regret.
dwell (on/upon) v A recent survey has shown that we spend almost three quarters of an hour
every week dwelling on our regrets.
infuriate v /nfjriet It really infuriates me when people drive too close behind me.
/
in the long run In the long run it was probably a good thing.
intruder n What would you do if you woke up in the middle of the night and thought
that you could hear an intruder in your home?
lethal adj /lil/ Many plant and animal species known to man are lethal.
overcome v Can you teach me how to overcome this feeling?
rational adj /rnl/ Try to keep calm and behave in a rational way.
 English Vocabulary in Use Upper-Intermediate 3rd Edition
U41 Pleasant and Unpleasant Things

anxious adj I was so anxious before the exam results came out.
confused adj I feel so confused she changes her mind so frequently.
contented adj She is a contented person, but her sister is discontented.
fed up (with)/ I'm really fed up with her rudeness and sick (and tired) of her bad behaviour.
sick and tired (of)
inspired adj I felt so inspired after the concert that I decided to take up the piano lessons.
miserable adj She felt so miserable when things went wrong in her life.

English Vocabulary in Use Upper-Intermediate 3rd Edition

U47 Emotions and Moods

as fit as a fiddle 'As fit as a fiddle' means 'very fit indeed'.

in a bad mood Gary is in a bad mood/ temper.
in high spirits Everyone seemed to be in high spirits. (lively, enjoying things).
on cloud nine Mary sems to be on cloud nine these days. (extremely pleased/ happy)
scared stiff She was scared stiff.I jumped out of my skin when
take everything as it comes If you deal calmly with events as they happen, you 'take everything as it comes'.
under the weather You look a bit under the weather (infml slightly ill)

English File Upper-Intermediate 3rd Edition U6A

background noise I was working in a busy store with background noise from shoppers and
music, and I started finding it difficult to hear what customers were
saying.
be moved to tears Former London mayor Ken Livingstone was today moved to tears as he
listened back to the speech he made following the 7/7 terror attacks.
choir n /kw/ Many people sang in school or church choirs.
chorus n /krs/ The chorus is the most famous part of the song.
deteriorate v Unless I protected my ears, my hearing would deteriorate more or I would
finally become deaf.
genre n /nr/ What genre of music do you like?
graffiti n /rfiti/ Some people think that graffiti is art.
hearing aid n My grandad needs a hearing aid to hear.
symphony n /smfni/ I love Beethovens Ninth Symphony.
weep v Some people find music so moving that it makes them weep.

English Vocabulary in Use Upper-Intermediate 3rd Edition

U20 Music

be into ( music) My brother is into 60s music.

classical music He said classical music was still popular among the youth, but it needed
the medium of films to generate interest.
folk music /'fk/ Fado is folk music that is traditionally accompanied by the Portuguese
guitar and the viola de fado.
have a good ear She's got a good ear for music.
lead singer n She's lead singer in a rock band.
make music You can make music in lots of ways.
play by ear She can play the melody by ear.
read music v She plays an instrument but she doesn't read music.
soundtrack n My mother likes film soundtracks, but I find them uninteresting.

English File Upper-Intermediate 3rd Edition U6B

amount n How do you feel about the amount you sleep?
ancestor n /nsest/ My ancestors are all from Suffolk.
be used to v /bi just t/ Im not used to sleeping with a duvet. Ive always slept with blankets.
disrupt v Don't drink too much at dinner time, or your sleep will be disrupted
because you will have to go to the bathroom during the night.
disturb v It isn't only coffee that can disturb sleep.
duvet n /duve/ Im not used to sleeping with a duvet. Ive always slept with blankets.
fall asleep v How long does it usually take you to fall asleep at night?
(be) fast asleep I was fast asleep when a knock on the door woke me up.
adj
get used to v /et just t/ I cant get used to working at night. I feel tired all the time.
head (to/ for) v /hed/ When Im with my friends we usually head to the park to relax.
insomnia n /nsmni/ Some people cant sleep because they suffer from insomnia.
keep you awake If you drink coffee in the evening, it may keep you awake.
sleep like a log Are you a light sleeper or do you sleep like a log?
have a nap When Im tired I have a short nap during the day.
disorder n /ldkl/ Doctors diagnosed her as having a rare neurological disorder.
psychologist n /sakldst/ A psychologist studies the mind.
recur v /rk/ My nightmare recurs nearly every night.
restore v Research has shown that short naps are very effective in restoring our
energy levels and mood.
seek v He decided to seek further help.
sleeping pills n pl When I cant sleep I take sleeping pills.
snore v Have you ever had to share a room with someone who snores?

English File Upper-Intermediate 3rd Edition U7A

argument n My parents only had one argument in 45 years. It lasted 43 years.

back up v I have all the evidence to back up my argument.
bring up (a topic of Keep to the topic you are talking about, don't bring up old arguments.
conversation)
capable (of) adj /kepbl/ Women are capable of driving just as well as men.
counsellor n /kansl We argue too much. I think we need to see a counsellor.
/
fury n /fjri/ Her fury could be heard by everyone around her.
gender n /dend/ Damian Whitworth investigates gender differences when couples argue.
get involved in Since he retired, he has been involved inlocal politics.
human being n Human beings argue about everything, but are there any differences
between the sexes in the way that we argue?
insult (sb) v / insult n His aggressive tone insulted me. I heard an angry tirade of insults.
lack v I feel there is something lacking in my life.
mediate v /midiet I often mediate between my parents when they argue.
/
naughty adj /nti/ Maybe the boy has been naughty, because it seems as if hes looking at the
ground.
offensive adj I found your comment about her appearance extremely offensive.
rage n When he was a child he used to get into a rage when he didn't get what he
wanted.
require v To understand this, and then make a conscious decision that you will do it
differently requires a lot of maturity.
remove v The site administrators removed the offending remarks from the comment
thread.
speculate v I often speculate about changing the past.
swear words n I decided to leave when I heard a traditional angry tirade of insults and
swear words.
lose one's temper v Raising your voice will make the other person lose their temper too.
upbringing n /pbr Our upbringing as children impacts on how we behave.
 /
withdraw v /wdr/ Men tend to withdraw from an argument and become silent.

English File Upper-Intermediate 3rd Edition U7B

The Body

ankle n /kl/ I sprained my ankle playing football.

bite your nails Do you bite your nails when youre nervous?
bottom n My bike saddle is uncomfortable and it hurts my bottom!
break someones heart When Miriam left David, she broke his heart.
calf n /kf/ I pulled my calf muscle running.
chew v /tu/ The steak was tough and difficult to chew.
have / get cold feet Im not sure I want to go climbing now. Im starting to get cold feet.
elbow n I dont know why Ive got a lot of wrinkled skin on my elbow.
fist n She hit me with her fist.
fold your arms Fold your arms it will keep you warmer.
frown v /fran/ The teacher frowned when she saw all the mistakes I had made.
get it off your chest I need to talk to somebody about my problem and get it off my chest.
give someone a hand Could you give me a hand with my homework? Its really difficult.
have butterflies in one's The test is on Friday. Ive got butterflies in my stomach!
stomach
heel n She turned on one heel and left.
hips n pl My grandad has false hips.
hold someones hand Im going to hold someones hand when I skate not to fall over.
hug v When we meet we always hug each other.
kidneys n pl The kidneys help clean the blood.
kneel v /nil/ Some women think a man should kneel down when he proposes marriage.
learn by heart You need to learn the irregular past tenses by heart.
on the tip of your I cant remember her name, but its on the tip of my tongue.
tongue
palms n pl /pmz/ She tries to read peoples palms.
point (at) v If you dont know the word for something, just point at what you want.
pull someones leg You cant be serious. You must be pulling my leg!
scratch v Dont scratch the mosquito bite. Youll only make it worse.
shrug your shoulders Do you always shrug your shoulders when you dont know the answer?
stare v /ste/ The painting was so strange I stared at it for a long time.
stretch v She got out of bed, and yawned and stretched.
thumb n /sk Did you suck your thumb when you were young?
m/
thighs n pl /az/ My thighs are too big for those trousers.
toes n /tz/ You know youre getting old when you cant touch your toes.
waist n What waist size are your trousers?
wave v She waved goodbye to her boyfriend as the train left the station.
wink v He winked at me to show that he was only joking.
wrist n /rst/ I cant play tennis. Ive hurt my wrist.
yawn v /jn/ Its rude to yawn without covering your mouth.

More words and phrases U7B

cheek n His cheeks are really red after running.

chin n He has got a small beard on his chin.
(in)credible adj Their story seemed credible (believable, plausible) at first.
daydream v He often just looks out of the window and starts to daydream.
enable v The system enables students to access class materials online.
estimate v Its estimated that as much as 80% of our interaction with others is through
non-verbal communication.
eyelashes n pl /alz/ Her eyelashes are so long. Are they real?
eyelids n pl /aldz/ She wears a lot of make-up on her eyelids.
facial adj /fel/ Facial expressions show a lot about how we feel.
foreground n /frand/ In the foreground we see the inside of a room with a glass door leading into a
garden.
genuine adj When we give a genuine smile, so called crow's feet appear.
gesture n /dest/ Physical gestures can be quite different from one culture to another.
give sb away Liars are very good actors, but what gives them away is their smile.
misconception Another misconception is that liars will not look a person in the eye.
n
non-verbal adj Its estimated that as much as 80% of our interaction with others is through
non-verbal communication.
presume v We shouldnt presume that someone is lying just because we have seen one of
the signs.
spot v There are the non-verbal signs that many of us have not learnt to spot.
technique n /teknik/ What technique does he use to help convey the feeling of happiness?
white lies White lies are told to protect our social dignity.

English File Upper-Intermediate 3rd Edition

U6&7 Colloquial English: Talking About Acting

box office n At the theatre or cinema tickets are sold at the box office.
controversy n /,kntr'vs/ Despite the controversy of the playwright, it had a great success.
rehearsal n /r'hsl/ Before the concert they had rehearsals every evening.
utterly adv /'tl/ Every single performance is utterly different from every other one.

English Vocabulary in Use Upper-Intermediate 3rd Edition

U19 Theatre and Cinema

audience n /'dins The people who watch a show are the audience.
/
be set An ocean liner is such a romantic place for a film to be set.
cast n The cast was first class, with particularly strong performance from the two
leading actors.
director n The director of 'Titanic' is James Cameron.
entertainer n Entertainers are people whose job is to entertain others.
give a performance The cast gave a marvellous performance in the play last night.
set n The audience found the sets original and visually interesting.
scene n /si:n/ Do you fancy going to see 'Titanic'? Our local cinema is showing it again
next week, I love that scene at the prow of the ship.
screenplay n James Cameron, the director of 'Titanic' also wrote the screenplay.
script n After the new play was put on at the Central Theatre, the audience
commented on the quality of the script.
promote v The actor on TV last night was promoting an interesting new play he's
appearing in at The Globe.
venue n /'venju:/ The venue has been recently refurbished and has a large revolving stage.
viewer n /vju:/ Viewer is only used about someone watching a TV programme.

English File Upper-Intermediate 3rd Edition U8A

Crime and Punishment

accuse (of) v They were accused of armed robbery and car theft.
acquit (of) v He was acquitted of any involvement in the robbery and allowed to go free.
assassination n The assassination of Kennedy is one of the highest-profile crimes of its kind.
blackmail n Blackmail is often committed when someone has some information another
person wants kept secret.
bribery n They got the contract by using bribery.
charge (with) v Finally they were charged with armed robbery.
drug dealing n Drug dealing involves selling any illegal drug.
evidence n The jury looked at and heard all the evidence.
fraud n /frd/ He committed fraud by using other peoples identities.
hacking n Hacking into computer systems can enable people to steal private
information.
hijacking n The hijacking of the plane forced the airport to close.
kidnapping n Kidnapping often happens when a criminal tries to get money from a rich
person.
manslaughter n /mnslt Manslaughter is killing someone by accident.
/
mugging n /m/ Mugging is like robbery but on the street.
pickpocket n /pkpkt/ A pickpocket is someone who steals from you in the street, usually without
you noticing.
proof n There was no proof that Adam had committed the crime.
rape n Rape is often about power and control.
sentence (to) v He sentenced him to ten years in prison/ jail.
shoplifting n Shoplifting is stealing something in a shop.
smuggling n Smuggling involves taking illegal products from one country to another.
stalking n /stk/ Stalking can happen physically or on the internet.

More words and phrases U8A

ban (from) v How is being banned from using the Internet any different to being banned
from a library because you stole some books from there ?
breed n Some breeds of dog are aggressive.
campaign v /kmpen/ People campaign for things they believe in.
disconnection n When the government proposed punishing illegal downloaders with internet
disconnection, people campaigned againstit.
fake adj /fek/ Lots of people buy fake products because they are cheaper than a genuine
product.
hand over v A woman in Florida handed over $400 for an iPad which turned out to be
fake.
idol n /adl/ Fans who dont pay their idols are like lovers who promise everlasting love
but then sit and watch you as you drown.
inmate n /nmet/ In prisons many of the inmates take drugs.
limited supplies n Limited supplies don't mean that companies are running out of products.
luxury n /lkri/ We dont have a right to listen to the music we want for free. These things are
treats, pleasures, luxuries.
minor offence n /man/ Community service is the best punishment for young people who commit a
minor offence.
necessity n /nsesti/ The internet isnt a necessity.
reputable adj /repjtbl/ The safest thing to do is to phone a reputable company every time you need a
cab.
squat v /skwt/ Squatting in an unoccupied house is illegal.
suspicious adj The guy following her looked very suspicious.
tramp n You dont have to look like a tramp, but you should try to look as if you arent
carrying much of value.

English Vocabulary in Use Upper-Intermediate 3rd Edition

U37 Crime

accomplice n /'kmplis/ They also accused his twin brother of being his accomplice.
be tried The case came to court and they were tried. The trial did not last very
long.
case n A case is a crime that is being investigated, i.e. under investigation.
convict (of) v They decided he was guilty and he was convicted of robbery.
get time off
offence n
offender n
pass verdict on sb.
plead not guilty
prosecuting lawyer n
release (from) v
serve in prison
suspect n
(be on) trial (for sth) n
under investigation
Many prisoners end up getting time off for good behaviour.
Police are treating the incident as an offence of having a dog
dangerously out of control in a public place.
Currently only the most serious of offenders are detained.
After brief deliberations the jury passed verdict on the accused.
/'pli:d/ They both pleaded not guilty in court.
The lawyer did her best to defend them, but the prosecuting lawyer
produced a very strong case against them.
/ri'li:s/ The judge sentenced him to two years in prison, but he will probably be
released from prison after 18 months.
He served two years in prison but was released from it a year early.
/'sspkt/ A suspect is a person who is suspected of committing an offence.
/'tral/ Jason was on trial for assault.
The murder case is still under investigation (by the police).

English File Upper-Intermediate 3rd Edition U8B

The Media

accurate adj /kjrt/ The film review was quite accurate. It said the plot was poor but the acting
was good, which was true.
biased adj /bast/ The news on Channel 12 is really biased. You cant believe anything you
hear on it.
censored adj /sensd/ I think the report was censored. The newspaper wasnt allowed to publish all
the details.
commentator n /kmntet/ A commentator is a person who describes a sports event while its happening
on TV or radio.
editor n /'edit/ An editor is a person in charge of a newspaper or magazine, or part of one,
and decides what should be in it.
freelance /frilns / A freelance journalist is a person who writes articles for different papers
journalist n and is not employed by any one paper.
newsreader n /njuzrid/ A newsreader is a person who reads the news on TV or radio.
objective adj /bdektv/ I think 'The Observer' is the most objective. It bases its stories just on facts,
not on feelings or beliefs.
paparazzi n pl /pprtsi/ The paparazzi are photographers who follow famous people around to get
photos of them to sell to newspapers and magazines.
presenter n A presenter is a person who introduces the different sections of a radio or TV
programme.
reporter n A reporter is a person who collects and reports news for newspapers, radio,
or TV.
row n /ra/ I had a row with my boyfriend last night.
sensational adj The reporting in the paper was very sensational. It made the story seem
more shocking than it really was.
subscribe (to) v, To read newspapers on the Internet, you may have to subscribe to them /
subscription n pay a subscription.

More words and phrases U8B

admit (V-ing) v He later admitted having seen the dish on the menu.
armoured adj /md/ Sommerville climbs into a British armoured vehicle.
column n /klm/ Geoff Lewis, 30, writes a weekly newspaper column on cooking.
deny (V-ing) v He denied breaking the window.
literally adv /ltrli/ You could see his paw print on the key of the phone. He literally saved
his own life.
skip v I often skip some sections of the newspaper.
unanimously adv /junnmsli/ Newspaper staff tried both dishes and unanimously declared Andrews
to be the winner.
(un)distinguished adj The undistinguished building would not be noticed by anyone.
 English Vocabulary in Use Upper-Intermediate 3rd Edition
U35 The Press and the Media

be made/ shot on The film was shot/ made on location in Australia.

location
broadcast n, v You may be able to stream radio and TV broadcasts from the Internet;
The BBC World Service broadcasts throughout the world.
current affairs n /fz/ The Minister of Education was on current affairs programme, discussing
the new schools policy.
documentary n The documentary investigated how the banks had wasted billions of euros
in bad loans.
dubbed adj If the film is dubbed, you hear the speech in your own language.
episode n Next up on Channel 4 is the first episode of a new medical drama set in
Chicago.
game show n He was a contestant on a game show.
mass media n Is it any wonder that the mass media does its very best to create drama?
means n pl The Internet is an important means of communication.
quality (news)paper n A quality paper focuses more on serious journalism with in-depth articles.
sitcom n The sitcom 'The Happy Couple' is about a pair of newly-weds.
subtitles n /'sbtaitlz/ Do you read subtitles when you watch a film in a foreign language?
tabloid n /'tblid/ A tabloid often has stories about celebrities, sports, scandals and crime.

English File Upper-Intermediate 3rd Edition U9A

Business

branch n A branch is an office or shop that is part of a larger organization.

business n A business is an organization which produces or sells goods or
provides a service.
chain n A chain is a group of shops, hotels, etc. owned by the same person or
company.
close down v Many companies close down in a recession.
consumer n /kn'sju:mz/ A new cereal bar is being tested on the consumers.
do a deal I want to do a deal (business agreement) for a new car.
do badly /well If you do badly, will you lose your job?
do business Many companies do business in a variety of countries.
do market research /rst/ Many companies do market research to find out more about their
customers.
drop v Standards of living drop in a recession.
economic boom n /bum/ In an economic boom many people have a better life.
expand v The company expanded to open shops in other countries.
head office n /hed fs/ The head office is the main office of a company.
improve v Standards of living improve in an economic boom.
launch v /lnt/ Nowadays it is quite a risk to launch a new business.
make a decision I have to make a decision before the end of the day.
make a loss Most businesses make a loss in the first few years.
make a profit I think my business will make a profit this year.
manufacture v /mnjfkt/ China manufactures many products for the world.
market v Companies often use celebrities to help market their products.
merge v /md/ The two companies merged to create one large company.
multinational n /mltinnl/ A multinational company has offices or factories in many countries.
recession n /rsen/ In a recession many people worry about their jobs.
set up v The company was set up in 1990.
staff n /stf/ The staff is the group of people who work for an organization.
take over v The Royal Bank of Scotland took over Natwest Bank in 2000.
the CEO (= chief /si i/ The CEO is the head of a company.
executive officer) n
 More words and phrases U9A

advert (advertisement /dvt, Can you think of a recent advert which made you not want to ever
/ad) n dvtsmnt, buy the product?
d/
commercial n /kml/ TV and radio commercials cannot make false claims about a
product.
legitimate adj He was running a legitimate business at the same time.
misleading adj Celebrity endorsers were not responsible for misleading
statements in ads.
progress v /prres/ The business is going digital to progress further.
reasonable adj /riznbl/ Many reasonable-looking restaurants have very expensive wine
lists.
refund n /rifnd/ Sorry, we dont give refunds. You cant get your money back.
satisfactory adj /stsfktri/ Our accommodation isnt satisfactory.
sue (sb) v /su/ Lauren threatened to sue a blogger who was the first person to
publish and comment on the image online.
trustworthy adj His business propositions seemed perfectly trustworthy.
(un)intentionally adv Im sorry I offended you. I did it unintentionally.

English File Upper-Intermediate 3rd Edition U9B

alienation n /eile'nen/ Alienation is the feeling that you don't belong to a community.
commuter n It can take two-and-a-half hours for commuters to drive to and from work in the
rush hour through choking traffic fumes.
(social) divide There is a huge social divide. On one hillside we see massive, luxurious houses
n and on the next hill, slums.
entire adj /nta/ By the end of the century three-quarters of the entire planet will be urban.
exquisite adj /'ekskwizit/ And the Art Museum is full of exquisite pieces from Medieval times.
extensive adj Despite the extensive metro system the traffic in the city is terrible.
fusion n The city offers a fusion of East and West.
harbour n /hb/ They went down to the harbour to see if they had fresh fish.
incident n The incident made him leave his job.
inhabitant n A mega city is a city with more than ten million inhabitants.
intact adj /ntkt/ These walls are amazing theyre completely intact even after the war.
leftovers n pl /leftvz/ I usually eat the leftovers from dinner for lunch the next day.
overcharge v Unofficial taxi drivers overcharge passengers for the ride to their hotel from the
airport.
policy n /plsi/ The manager called a meeting so as to explain the new policy.
slum n Millions of people live in slums without basic facilities.
social Because of social imbalance it can be a dangerous city, with high levels of
imbalance n crime.
vibrant adj /vabrnt/ Mexico City is a colourful and vibrant city where people live their lives in the
street.

English Vocabulary in Use Upper-Intermediate 3rd Edition

U24 Towns

bustling adj The market is particularly bustling on Saturdays.

cater (for) v /'keit/ Neither of the two markets caters specifically for tourists but those who
enjoy the lively atmosphere of a real working market will appreciate their
charm.
contemporary adj This gallery regularly puts on exhibitions by contemporary artists.
deserted adj /'deztid/ When the university is on vacation the town can suddenly seem quite
deserted.
facility n The town has plenty of sports facilities catering for both young and old.
filthy adj /'fili/ Nowhere in the town is filthy; everywhere is quite clean.
magnificent adj The most magnificent building in the town is Pepys Library.
overcrowding n Overcrowding is a huge problem here, they should restrict the number of
people living in this area.
overlook v Most of the picturesque monasteries overlook the River Cam.
picturesque adj /,pikt'resk/ The fashionable residential districts overlook the picturesque harbour.
residential adj Well-off people live in fashionable residential areas overlooking the harbour.
run-down adj Some of the suburbs have become quite run-down in recent years.
spacious adj /'speis/ The town can hardly be called spacious as most of its streets are very
narrow.

English File Upper-Intermediate 3rd Edition

U8&9 Colloquial English: Talking About Advertising

authenticity n /,n'tisiti/ This popular period drama has been widely praised for its authenticity,
visual style, costume design and acting.
billboard n Do you think billboards make the streets uglier or more attractive?
persuasion n Using celebrities in advertising is a way of persuasion.
subconsciously adv /sb'knsli/ I'm sure not consciously, but I'm sure subconsciously.
susceptible (to) adj I'm very susceptible to advertising because I tend to notice it, I think I'm
very sensitive to stuff that's not true.
vague adj /'veig/ The executive manages to effortlessly transform a vague idea into
advertising gold.
word for word I repeated her instructions word for word to avoid any confusion.

English File Upper-Intermediate 3rd Edition U10A

additive n /dtv/ There were several deaths from lead poisoning at the factory where the
additive was produced.
anaesthetic n /nsetk/ I was given an anaesthetic before my operation.
blood transfusion /bld/ After she lost a lot of blood the doctors performed a blood transfusion.
n
clinical trial n /tral/ People can volunteer to be guinea pigs in clinical trials.
conductor n When lightning strikes a car, its metal body acts as a conductor and
passes the electrical current down to the ground.
cosmetics n pl /kzmetks/ Does it make a difference if the experiments are for medical research or
for cosmetics testing?
distracting adj There were too many distracting graphics. I couldnt concentrate.
inhale v To prove its safety he inhaled its vapour for a minute.
insanity n /in'sniti/ In spite of a lot of scientific research, nobody has found any link between
the full moon and insanity or crime.
intense adj /ntens/ A diamond can be destroyed by either intense heat or acid.
lead n /led/ Lead was added to petrol to make car engines less noisy.
mankind n /mnkand/ Shamanism is the oldest healing method of mankind.
nuclear adj /njukli/ Nuclear power is one of the main sources of energy in some countries.
side effect n /'fekt/ Scientists have to do a lot of research into the possible side effects of new
drugs.
solid adj /sld/ Helium gas can be found in both liquid and solid form.
think up To make the process more efficient, he thought up an idea for a new
machine.
toxic adj Toxic substances cause damage to the environment.
vapour n /vep/ He inhaled its vapour for a minute.

English Vocabulary in Use Upper-Intermediate 3rd Edition

U32 Science and Technology

alter v /lt/ Genetic engineering works with DNA of living things to alter features.
cell n /sel/ Research of the human stem cells will help to treat diseases and injury and
to repair the body.
cloning n Talking about cloning people are often worried that the creation of an
exact copy of an animal is not morally right.
established (fields) adj Chemistry, physics and botany are the traditional branches of science, but
what about more recently established fields ?
flaw n I returned the material because it had a flaw in it.
GM foods Many people refuse to eat genetically modified foods.
(genetically modified)
interact (with) v Ergonomics studies the design of physical working spaces and how people
interact with them.
utilize v (fml) /ju:tilaiz/ He experimented with different materials before utilizing one.

English File Upper-Intermediate 3rd Edition U10B

apartheid n /ptat, Apartheid in South Africa gave white people more rights than others.
ptet/
disastrous adj /di'za:strs/ That was my most disastrous presentation I have ever made.
give (make) a Winston Churchill gave this speech to the House of Commons in 1940.
speech
give and take Every relationship needs a bit of give and take.
imprison v Several suffragettes had been imprisoned for attacking policeman.
inspirational adj Do you know any famous inspirational speeches?
(in)tolerable adj /ntlrbl/ It is only people who feel an intolerable sense of oppression who would
adopt a means of that kind.
invasion n A German invasion of Britain was expected at any moment in 1940.
lawsuit n /lsut/ He filed a lawsuit against his record company.
obstacle n /bstkl/ We will never give up no matter what obstacles stand in our way.
resist v However long it takes, we will resist the enemy and never willgive up.
stamina n /stmn/ My brother has neither the energy nor the stamina to run a marathon.
surrender v /srend/ We shall fight in the fields and in the streets, we shall fight in the hills; we
shall never surrender.
withstand v /wstnd/ Nothing can withstand the power of millions of voices calling for change.