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orgInternationalJournalofAutomationandPowerEngineering(IJAPE)Volume2Issue4,May2013
TestandAnalysisofLowVoltageRide
throughCharacteristicofWindFarm
HUHongbin1,MENGQingtian1,BUHe2,RENYongfeng*2
CorrespondingAuthor:RENYongfeng,Ph.D,Professor,engagedinwindpowergeneration
technologyandpowerqualityresearch.
ProjectsupportedbytheProgramforNewCenturyExcellentTalentsinUniversity(NCET111018);the
KeyProjectofChineseMinistryofEducation(210037);thePh.D.FoundationProgramofInnerMongolia
NaturalScience(2011BS0903)andtheTalentsFoundProjectoftheInnerMongolia.
1InnerMongoliaElectricPowerResearchInstitute,Hohhot010020,China.
2ElectricPowerCollege,InnerMongoliaUniversityofTechnology,Hohhot010051,China.
hhb9393@126.com;mqt2000@126.com;buhe8888@126.com;*renyongfeng@vip.sina.com
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InternationalJournalofAutomationandPowerEngineering(IJAPE)Volume2Issue4,May2013www.ijape.org
FIG.1LVRTREQUIREMENTFORWINDPOWERPLANT
BasicParametersofWindTurbine
(a)Whenthevoltageofcommonconnectedgridpoint Thebasicinformationofthemeasuredwindturbineis
(PCC) dip to 20% of the nominal voltage, wind presentedintable1andtable2.
turbines should guarantee connected to the grid and TABLE1BASICINFORMATIONOFA02WINDTURBINE
operating625msuninterruptedly.
3bladeshorizontalshaft
Windturbinetypes
(b)Whenthevoltageofcommonconnectedgridpoint upwind
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TABLE2RATINGDATAOFWINDTURBINES (threephaseshortcircuit,twophaseshortcircuit)and
Ratedpower(kW) 850
differentdepthofvoltagedip,inordertomeetthetest
requirementsofLVRT.Differentdepthofvoltagedip
Ratedwindspeed(m/s) 13.5
can be realized by changing the connection way of
Ratedreactivepower(kVar) 400 currentlimitingreactorandtheshortcircuitreactance.
Ratedcurrent(A) 2365A
Nominalvoltage(V) 690
Ratedfrequency(Hz) 57
BasicPrincipleofLVRT
LVRT schematic diagram is shown in figure 2.The
LVRT module is used to consume electrical energy
when grid voltage dips, and maintain the dc bus
voltage stability, achieve wind power system LVRT
functions. When the converter detected grid voltage FIG.3LVRTTESTCIRCUITDIAGRAM
dip,andresidualvoltageiswithinthescopeofLVRT
curve, the system turn into state of LVRT. According TestProgram
to the voltage dip depth, a certain proportion of IntheprocessoftestingLVRTfunctional,thesoftware
reactivecurrentisinjectedtopowersystemtosupport and hardware of wind turbine are not allowed to
the grid voltage, residual current is used to maintain make any changes. The LVRT test project of wind
active output. When the active power of generator is turbineisasfollows:
larger,inadditiontotheenergyoutputtopowergrid
during LVRT, redundant energy is absorbed by the 1 Wind turbine has not put into operation (no
chopperresistancetomaintainconservationofenergy load) : Test two phase and threephase
and stable dc bus voltage. When the grid voltage voltage dip case, examine the configuration
recovery, the converter reduce the reactive power forvoltagedipoftestequipment.
support, and restore gridside active power output
2 Wind turbines operating in low power state
quickly, tracking the master controller power given,
0.1PnP0.3Pn:Testtwophaseandthree
the converter return to normal and stable operation.
phasevoltagedipcase.
Wind turbines is connected to the grid and
uninterruptedoperationisguaranteed. 3 Wind turbines operating in high power state
P0.9Pn:Testtwophaseandthreephase
voltagedipcase.
The LVRT test points voltage of wind turbine dip
amplitudeanddurationtimeareshownintable3.
TABLE3TESTCONTENT
Operationcondition
Voltagedip
Duration(ms)
amplitudep.u.
FIG.2THEDIAGRAMOFLVRTPRINCIPLE
0.750.05 170520
0.200.05 62520
LVRTTestEquipment
0.750.05 170520
The test equipment of LVRT consists of a container
P0.9Pn 0.500.05 121420
andaremotecontrolroom,thecontainerisequipped
withseriesandparallelreactorandswitches,UPSand 0.200.05 62520
otherdevices.Ratedvoltageis690V,ratedcapacityis
3MW. Test Data and Analysis
ThecircuitstructureofLVRTtestequipmentasshown This paper only analyzes test datas of high power
infigure3,thetestdevicecanproducedifferenttypes output, two kinds of voltage sag(two phrase, three
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InternationalJournalofAutomationandPowerEngineering(IJAPE)Volume2Issue4,May2013www.ijape.org
phrase)andtwokindsofvoltagesagsituation(50%Un, thevoltagesag,theamplitudeofgeneratorcurrent
20%Un), and make comprehensive analysis on the is 0.93puduring the sag period, A phrase and B
GHFD56850/II2 type wind turbines LVRT phrase current are both 1.07pu and C phrase
characteristics. current is 1.04pu which all within the current
limitoftheconverterAftervoltagerecovered,the
The following waveform diagram are labelled with
current recovered to the amplitude before voltage
perunitvalue,andthefiducialvalueare:themachine
sag. In figure 6 before voltage sag, the wind
terminal line voltage U n 690V , generator current
turbinesactivepowerPis0.92pureactivepower
I n 710 A andratedpower P 850kW . Qis0DuringthesagperiodactivepowerPdip
to 0.52 pureactive power Q up to 0.01puAfter
VoltageDipto50%UnP0.9Pn voltage recorvedactive power recovered to an
1)ThreePhaseVoltageSymmetricalSag amplitude of 0.95pureactive power recovered to
0.
Figure 456 are respectively voltage, current,
2)TwoPhaseVoltageSag
active and reactive power waveform when grid
voltagethreephrasesymmetricaldipto50%Un. Figure7,8,9showthevoltage,current,activeand
reactive power waveform respectively when two
U / pu 1.0
phasegridvoltagedipto50%nominalvalue.
0.99
U / pu
10.00 11.00 12.00 13.00 14.00 15.00 16.00 17.00 18.00 19.00 20.00
U bc / pu
t/s
FIG.4GRIDLINEVOLTAGEHIGHPOWER50%Un
I In
FIG.7GRIDLINEVOLTAGEHIGHPOWER50%Un
I / pu
I / pu
FIG.5CURRENTCURVEHIGHPOWER50%Un
FIG.8CURRENTCURVEHIGHPOWER50%Un
P / pu
P / pu
Q / pu
Q / pu
FIG.6ACTIVE/REACTIVEPOWER(HIGHPOWER50%Un
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voltsge sags it reduce to 0.48pu; Duration of grid voltage three phrase symmetrical dip to
voltage sags for 1214 ms. Figure 8 shows that 20%Un.
current amplitude is 0.93pu before voltage sags;
Seeing from figure 10, when the voltage sag
DuringsagstheCphasecurrentis1.34pu,Aphase
changes from 50% to 80% the duration is
current is 1.0pu, Bphase current is 0.93pu, three
625ms.During the period, the current increase a
phase current are within the limit value of
converter. After voltage recovery, current little.Infigure12,beforethevoltagesagthewind
amplitude return to normal. Shown in figure 9, turbines active power P amplitude is 1.0pu
before voltage sags, wind power generator active reactive power Q amplitude is 0 During the
power P amplitude is 0.93pu, reactive power Q voltage sag period, the active power P amplitude
amplitude is zero; During the voltage sags, active dipto0.24pureactivepowerQamplitudeupto
powerPamplitudedipto0.89pu,reactivepowerQ 0.01puAfter the voltage recorved, active power
increased to 0.15pu; After voltage recovery, active recovered to 0.98pureactive power Q amplitude
power return to 1.02pu, reactive power return to is0andoperatinginunitpowerfactor.
zero.
2)TwoPhraseVoltageSag
VoltageDipto20%UnP0.9Pn Figure 13 14 15 are respectively the voltage,
1)ThreePhaseVoltageSymmetricalSag current,activeandreactivepowerwaveformwhen
gridvoltagetwophrasedipto20%Un.
U / pu
U / pu
U bc / pu
FIG.10GRIDLINEVOLTAGEHIGHPOWER20%Un
FIG.13GRIDLINEVOLTAGEHIGHPOWER20%Un
I / pu
I / pu
FIG.11CURRENTCURVEHIGHPOWER20%Un
FIG.14CURRENTCURVEHIGHPOWER20%Un
P / pu P / pu
Q / pu
Q / pu
FIG.12ACTIVE/REACTIVEPOWER(HIGHPOWER20%Un FIG.15ACTIVE/REACTIVEPOWER(HIGHPOWER20%Un
Figure 10 11 12 are respectively the voltage, When two phrase voltage dip to 20%Un the
current,activeandreactivepowerwaveformwhen duration time is 625ms.In figure 14, before the
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InternationalJournalofAutomationandPowerEngineering(IJAPE)Volume2Issue4,May2013www.ijape.org
and its Environmental Impact: A Review[J]. Renewable Zilong ZHAO, Weining WU, Wei WANG. A Low Voltage
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