REPORT ON

GENERATION OF FUEL BY BIOLOGICAL METHOD

PYRE 201 BIO ENERGY ENGINEERING

Submitted by

R.SUNDARAMOORTHY

216012676030

I YEAR M.TECH

RENEWABLE ENERGY

APRIL 2017

SIGNATURE OF FACULTY

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ABSTRACT:
This report mainly discuss the importance of fuel
generation by biological method

INTRODUCTION:
One of the main greenhouse gas, carbon dioxide is liable for
65% of global warming. When the fossil fuels are burned for energy,
carbon dioxide that has been locked away for all those years is
released into the atmosphere greatly adding to global greenhouse
gases. It increases the global warming and thereby the sea level will
be raised due to the melting of ice in the regions of north and south
poles.

ENVIRONMENTAL BIOTECHNOLOGY
It includes the application of biological systems and processes
in waste treatment and management, and for the protection and
restoration of the quality of the environment.

Growth in human populations has generally been matched by

a concomitant formation of a wider range of waste products, many
of which cause serious environmental pollution if they are allowed
to accumulate in the ecosystem. In rural communities recycling of
human, animal and vegetable wastes has been practised for
centuries, providing in many cases valuable fertilisers or fuel.
However, it was also a source of disease to humans and animals by
residual pathogenicity of enteric (intestinal) bacteria.

DEVELOPMENT IN WASTAGE TREATMENT:

In urban communities, where most of the deleterious wastes
accumulate, efficient waste collection and specific treatment
processes have been developed since it is impractical to discharge

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high volumes of waste into natural land and waters. So the necessity
of treating the wastage in to useful energy is arises from there. The
introduction of biotechnology practices in the last century was one
of the main reasons for the spectacular improvement in health and
well-being in the developed countries.

There is a variety of biological treatment systems have been

developed, ranging from cesspits, septic tanks and sewage farms to
gravel beds, percolating filters and activated sludge processes
coupled with anaerobic digestion. The primary aims of all of these
systems or bioreactors is to alleviate health hazards and to reduce
the amount of biologically oxidisable organic compounds,
producing a final effluent or outflow that can be discharged into the
natural environment without any adverse effects.

Such bioreactor assemblies rely on the metabolic versatility of

mixed microbial populations (microbial ecology) for their efficiency.
The systems in which they perform their biological functions can be
likened to other industrial bioreactors (e.g. antibiotic production);
large-scale plants, for example municipal forced aeration tanks can
be extremely complex, requiring the skills of the engineer and the
microbiologist for successful operation. The fundamental feature of
these bioreactors is that they contain a range of microorganisms
with the overall metabolic capacity to degrade most organic
compounds entering the system.

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STAGES OF SEWAGE TREATMENT IN A COMPLEX
INCORPORATING ANAEROBIC DIGESTION.

ADVANTAGES OF BIOTECHNOLOGY:

Thus, biotechnology not only generates a whole new range of

useful products, it also plays an indispensable part, through water
and sewage treatment processes, in the reduction of infectious
diseases of humans and animals.

Biotechnology plays a vital role in the environmental

protection has three levels of application.

(1) Pollution clean-up: for example, clean-up of oil spills and

detoxification of contaminated soil; treatment of domestic and
industrial waste water supplies.

(2) Pollution control: for example, recovery of heavy toxic

metals from mining water; use of enzymes rather than chlorine in
pulp and paper manufacture.

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(3) Pollution protection: for example, closed cycling practice at
enzyme production plants where raw materials are renewable, waste
material is a biodegradable sludge, which can be used as a local
fertiliser.

RESULT:

Thus making the biological wastes in to useful form not only

maintain earth in clean condition but also increase the human health
.so the improvement in the biotechnology plays an important role
with the human life.