Community Pharmacy Any organization or company involved in the
Usual setting is the independent drugstore manufacture, importation, repacking and/ or |Types of Community Practice| distribution of drugs and medicines Independent Drugstore 1. Drug manufacturer Very common Operations involved in the production of a Pharmaceutical Centers drug Only items that are related to health are kept in stock United Lab., Doctors Pharma Keeps family system, family health info. Center, prof. 2. Drug Trader Lib. Registered owner of the drug product Direct patient pharmacist relationship Cyanamid whose products are Group Practice manufactured by Interphil Lab. Formal association of three or more pharmacists 3. Drug Importer 1. Geriatrics Imports raw materials, active ingredients Mostly nursing homes and/ or finished products for its own use American Society of Hospital Pharmacy MDLD initiated this 4. Drug Exporter 2. Mental Health Pharmacy Psychopharmacy Exports raw materials, active ingredients American Society of Hospital Pharmacy and/ or finished products Special Interest Group (ASHP SIG) 5. Drug Wholesaler Clinical Pharmacy Specialist in Psychiatry Procures raw materials, active ingredients 3. Oncology Services and/ or finished products Provide care to oncology patients Zuellig Pharma., Metro Drug Distribution, Chain Drugstore/Multiple Pharmacy Marsman and Co, Inc. Two or more branches operate which are registered 6. Small manufacturer under FIDA (Filipino Drug in the same name Association) and CFDM (Chamber of Filipino Drug |Activities of a Community Pharmacist| Manufacturers) Professional functions Serve the generic drug requirements Dispensing&compounding a prescription Drugmakers, AM Europharma Dispensing OTC drugs Storage and handling of drugs |Leading Philippine Pharmaceutical Companies| Providing professional advice to patients 1. United Lab. Selecting products for inventory 2. GlaxoSmithKline Keeping records 3. Pfizer Administrative, supervisory and managerial functions 4. Wyeth Entrepreneural function related to investment of capital and ownership of pharmacies |Registered Pharmaceutical Outlets| The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) issues license |Philippine Situation| to drug firms Drugstore Regulation Division I: drug outlets, distributor, Usually owned by a pharmacist cosmetic distributor, medical device distributor, food Botica sa Baryo distributor, household hazardous substances Consignment for 15-30 days, discounts in bulk orders Regulation Division II: drug manufacturer, cosmetic Chain Drugstore lab., medical device manufacturer, drug trader Started to operate about the year 1965 cosmetic tradr, medical device trader, house hold Mercury Drugstore (first&biggest, 450 branches), hazardous substances manufacturer/trader, food Watsons, The Generic Pharmacy, South Star Drug establishments License to Operate (LTO) must be applied first Industrial Pharmacy Certification of Product Registration (CPR) Technical areas: research, development, production, DR: drugs; CR/CL: cosmetics; FR: foods; HSR: quality control household hazardous substances; DVR: medical Non-technical areas: marketing and administration devices FDA Inspectors make sure that pharmacists are |The Philippines Drug Industry| present in designated hours, do routine inspection, Started in 1900 with the establishment of Hizon monitor drug outlets Laboratories Followed by Manuel Zamora Lab. Which |Top 10 Prescription/Ethical Brands| manufactured tiki-tiki in 1913 1. Norvasc 2. Ventolin 3. Plavix Involves the application of new knowledge to benefit 4. Augmentin mankind
|Top 10 OTC Brands| |The Federated Pharmaceutical Industry of the Phil.|
Ceelin Composed of the members of the Chamber of Drug Solmux Manufacturers, the Philippine Manufacturers Neozep Association and the Drug Association of the Biogesic Philippines Concerned with the solution of the common |Dangerous Drug Board| problems of the industry and undergoes direct Policy-making and strategy-formulating body in the dialogue with government agencies planning and formulation of policies and programs on drug prevention and control Hospital Pharmacy Develop and adopt comprehensive, integrated, Department or service in a hospital which is under unified and balanced national drug abuse the direction of a professional competent, legally prevention and control strategy qualified pharmacist, and from which all meds are Under the Office of the President supplied to nursing units and other services, where 1. S-1 special prescriptions are filled for patients in the Retail dealer of exempt dangerous drugs hospital, where prescription are filled for ambulatory preparation (EDDP) patients and out-patients... 2. S-2 For physician, dentist, vet who is legally |Duties of a Hospital Pharmacist| authorized to prescribe or administer Responsible for the management of the hospital pharmacy dangerous drugs (DD) and EDDP Must be knowledgeable on: 3. S-3 Drug&their actions Retail dealer of DD and EDDP Pharmacy manufacturing program 4. S-4 Control procedure regarding quality control&drug Wholesale dealer/distributor of DD&EDDP distribution throughout the hospital 5. S-5-I Research activities Importer of DD&EDDP Teaching techniques 6. S-5-C Pharmacy administration in a hospital Compounder, producer&manufacturer of DD&EDDP |Philippine Setting| 7. S-5-E Activities of a hospital pharmacist Exporter of DD&EDDP Prepare the annual budget for drugs 8. S-6 Initiate drug orders Legally authorized to obtain and use Watch price fluctuations DD&EDDP for research, instruction or analysis Maintain a system of records in a laboratory Exercise overall supervision of the Pharmacy 9. S-7 Department Importer, manufacturer, producr or Prepare sched. Of all staff duties compounder of DD in any form Coordinate with the medical and nursing staff Represent her department in staff meeting |Carry Out the Provisions| Prepare annual report R.A. 9165/Comprehensive Dangerous Drug Acts of Serve in vital committees 2002 Philippine Drug Enforcement Agency (PDEA) serves |Duties of the Pharmaceutical Staff| as the implementing arm of the board and shall be Dispnsing of drugs, chemicals and pharmaceutical responsible for the efficient and effective law preparations enforcement of all the provisions on any DD Filling&labelling of all drug containers Maintaining an approved stock of antidotes |Research| Dispensing of narcotics&alcohol Development Reseach Furnishing information regarding medications to Concerned with the formulation of new drug doctors, interns&nurses compounds, improvement of existing meds Charging paients for drugs&pharmaceutical supplies Basic Research Maintaining adequate control over Discovery and search for new knowledge requisitioning&dispensing of all drugs Applied Research Implementing the decision of the Pharmacy and the Therapeutics Committee Manning the Drug Information Service Assures that the patient has all supplies, info. And knowledge necessary to carry out the drug therapy |The Philippine Society of Hospital Pharmacy| plan Organized in 1962 to promote the interest of hospital Reviews, monitors, and modifies the therapeutic plan pharmacists Holds monthly seminars Pharmacist in Government Service |Career oppurtunities| Clinical Pharmacy 1. Commissioned officer in the Army, Navy, Air Force Health discipline in which pharmacists provide 2. Civil service employees in different offices patient care that optimizes medication therapy and promotes health, wellness and disease prevention |Philippine Setting| Embraces the philosophy of pharmaceutical care 1. FDA Licensing of pharmaceutical establishments |Activities of the Clinical Pharmacist| Drug inspection 1. Consulting Registration of new drugs 2. Selection of drugs 2. Bureau of Research and Lab, DOH Defining drug formularies/limited lists of Researches on med.&public health aspects drugs Production of biological products 3. Drug information 3. National Academy of Science and Technology Seeking info. And critically evaluating Medical Research Center scientific literature Microbiological Research Center 4. Formulation and preparation 4. Commission on Audit (COA) 5. Drug use studies and research 5. Bureau of Plant Industry Collecting data on drug therapies 6. Bureau of Customs 6. Pharmacokinetics/therapeutic drug monitoring 7. National Bureau of Investigation&Dangerous Drugs Studying the kinetics of drugs Board 7. Clinical trials 8. Professional Regulation Commission (PRC) 8. Pharmaeconomy Using the results of clinical trials and outcome Control of the Practice of Pharmacy studies |Legal Control| 9. Dispensation and administration Republic Act No. 5921 10. Teaching&training Approved on June 23, 1969 Concerned with the regulation of the practice of |Philippine Experience| pharmacy and the setting of standards of First practiced in Makati Medical Center pharmaceutical education Patient-oriented Council of Pharmaceutical Education: implement the Make rounds with the physician and other members provision of the act of the health care team Board of Pharmacy Take charge of taking patient drug histories, maintaining patient drug profiles, keeping close |Council of Pharmaceutical Education| surveillance for adverse drug reaction (ADR), Composed of: counselling patients on drug use 1. Secretary of Education as the chairman 2. Undersecretary of Health Services |Pharmaceutical Care| 3. Director of the Bureau of Foods and Drugs Functions performed by a pharmacist in ensuing the 4. Chairman of the Board of Pharmacy optimal use of medications to achieve specific 5. Dean of the College of Pharmacy of UP outcomes that improve a patients quality of life 6. Dean of the Colleges of Pharmacy Responsible for the provision of drug therapy for the 7. Representative of a bonafide national purpose of achieving definite outcomes that improve pharmaceutical organization in the Phils. a patients quality of life Functions: Knowledge of Drugs and Drug Therapy, 1. Promulgate rules®ulations relative to Communication Skills, Drug Information Skills, Pharmaceutical Education in the Philippines 2. Recognize&accredit colleges of pharmacy |Goal of Pharmaceutical Care| 3. Accredit community or prescriptions pharmacies... Optimize the patients health related quality of life Professional relationship must be established |The Board of Pharmacy| Patient-specific medical info. Must be collected, Composed of a chairman and two members organized, recorded and maintained appointed by the President Patient-specific medical info. Must be evaluated Functions: |Generic Act of 1988 (R.A. 6675)| 1. Examine applicants for the practice of pharmacy An act to promote, require and ensure the 2. Issue certificates of registration of pharmacists production of an adequate supply, distribution, use 3. Reprimand any pharmacists or to suspend or revoke and acceptance of drugs and medicines indentified his certificate of registration by their generic names 4. Promulgate rules and regulations 5. Study the condition affecting the practice of |Definition of Terms| pharmacy Generic Name/Terminology 6. Check employment of qualified personnel in Identification of drugs and medicine by their drugstores scientifically and internationally recognized active 7. Encourage the development of botanical gardens ingredients Active Ingredient |Practice of Pharmacy| Chemical component responsible for the claimed, A person shall be deemed to be practicing pharmacy... therapeutic effect of the pharmaceutical product Prepare/manufacture, analyze, assay, preserve, Chemical Name store, distribute or sell medicine, drug, chemicals, etc. Description of the chemical structure of the Render pharmaceutical service drug/medicine Engage in teaching scientific, technical or Drug Product professional pharmacy subjects Finished product form that contains the active Conduct or undertake scientific pharmaceutical ingredients research Core List List of drugs that meets the Health Care needs of |Requirements for the Opening and Operation of Drugstores majority of the population and Pharmacies| Complementary List Shall be in accordance with the rules and regulations List of alternative drugs used when there is no prescribed by the Bureau of Foods and Drugs (BFAD) response to the core essential drug Should be signed by a Filipino registered pharmacist Brand Name Proprietary name given by the manufacturer to |Sale of Medicine, Pharmaceutical, Drugs and Devices| distinguish its products from those of competitors Licensed under the Retail Trade Law Generic Drugs Drugs not covered by patent protection |Definition of Terms| Pharmacy/Drugstore |Who shall Use Generic Terminology| Establishment where drug, chemical products, active 1. All government health agencies and their personnel principles of drugs etc. Are compounded and 2. All medical, dental and veterinary practitioners dispensed 3. Any organization or company involved in the Drug/Pharmaceutical Laboratory/Pharmaceutical manufacture, importation repacking, marketing Manufacturing Laboratories and/or distribution of drugs and medicines Where pharmaceuticals, proprietary medicines, etc. 4. Drug outlets Are prepared, compounded standardized and distributed or sold |Ethical control| Pharmaceuticals/Proprietary Medicines/Pharmaceutical Ethics Specialties Philosophical science dealing with the morality of Any drug, preparation or mixtures of drugs mixed human acts under a trade name Deals with right conduct directed towards the Devices formation of the individual Instruments, apparatus/contravances Special Ethics Biologic Products Deals with the application of the general principles or Viruses, sera, toxins and analogous products used for morality to the particular actions of man the prevention or cure human diseases Objectives of the professional code of ethics: Poison Define professional privileges, behaviours and Drug, active principle or preparation of the same, responsibilities capable of destroying life Promote professional quality, conduct and moral Cipher method of procedure Method of secret writing Defend private professions from undue interference Code by the government System of words or other symbols kept from the Preserve the dignity of the profession knowledge of others Defend clients from unscrupulous professionals Fix certain standards of compensation |Code of Ethics| |Its Problems| (SEE BOOK) Role of Pharmacist Prepared and supported by pharmacists They must be able to control the proper use of drugs Ethics of pharmacy is based on SERVICE Pharmaceutical Education It must be aimed to meet the needs of the society |Relationship with the Public| Organization of Practice Drugs of good quality Must organize to increase the efficiency&perfection Conformity to Laws of pharmaceutical service Confidential information Economics of Professional Service Physical facilities Commercialism should not be practiced Civic responsibilities Pharmaceutical Ethics Renumeration Proper of improper ethical behaviour can make or unmake the profession of pharmacy |Pharmacist-Patient-Prescriber Relationship| Inviting him to the pharmacy Keeping him informed of unusual patient problems Detailing him on new products Participating in inter-professional meetings Facts that destroy this triangular relationship Counter prescribing Physician/nurse dispensing Self-service counters Mail-order service Drug distribution through non-professional outlets
|Relations to the Other Health Professions (Inter-professional)|
Drug consultant Diagnosing and prescribing o Auto-therapy: persons who engage in self- medication Compounding and dispensing prescriptions Clandestine arrangements o Exploitation of the patient by certain arrangements of the pharmacist with other members of the health team should never be done
|Relations to Fellow Pharmacists (Inter-professional)|
Self-improvement Recruitment Instruction Professional organizations Unethical practices
Pharmacy: Its Future, Its Problems
|Its Future| People are having a longer lifespan, hence more services for geriatric pharmacy will be required People are becoming more health conscious Pre-natal and post-natal care is a must which calls for more drugs Make good liaison officer for public health services
|Programs| Voluntary health insurance program Union/company Social security benefits