1

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Problem 1. Indicate whether the statement is true(T) or false(F). [each
2pt]

(1) If A is invertible matrix, then A has an LU -decomposition. (F)

(2) If a square matrix A has a row of zeros, then so does adj(A). (F)

(3) If is an eigenvalue of A and k is any scalar, then k is an eigenvalue of

kA. (T)

(4) If v0 is a nonzero vector in Rn , then the formula T (v) = v + v0 defines a

linear operator on Rn . (F)

(5) If the row vectors of A are orthogonal, then AT A = I. (F)

(6) If u and v are nonzero vectors in R3 and u is orthogonal to v, then kuvk =

kukkvk. (T)

(7) If the characteristic polynomial of A is p() = n + , then A is invertible.

(F)

(8) If T1 : Rn Rk is an one-to-one linear transformation and T2 : Rk Rm

is an onto linear transformation, then T2 T1 : Rn Rm is an onto linar
transformation. (F)

(9) If T is an orthogonal linear operator on Rn , then T is one-to-one. (T)

(10) If det(A) = 0, then TA is neither one-to-one nor onto. (T)

Problem 2. Determine whether the following transformation T is linear.

Justify your answer. [each 5pt]

(1) T (x, y) = ( x + y, x y)
Solve Since T (cx) 6= cT (x) for c 6= 1, T is not linear.

(2) T : R3 R3 given by T (x) = x u where u = (1, 1, 1)

Solve For any scalars c, d, and any vectors x, y, T (cx + dy) = (cx + dy)
u = (cx) u + (dy) u = c(x u) + d(y u) = cT (x) + dT (y). Hence T
is linear.
2

Problem 3. Evaluate the determinant [8pt]

 
4 3 1 9 6 9 

9
 1 2 3 0 3
3
 4 6 9 6 12 
5 2 0 6 12 6 

6
 0 3 0 3 0 
1 2 1 3 9 6

Solve Since the given matrix has two proportional columns(c6 = 3c2 ), the
determinant is 0.
 
2 1
Problem 4. Let A = .
3 2

(1) Find the eigenvalues and corresponding eigenvectors of A. [6pt]

Solve 0 = det(I A) = 2 1, the eigenvalues of A are 1 and 1.
     
1 1 1 1 1
Case 1. 1 = 1 : , the eigenvector is x1 = t .
3 3 0 0 1
     
3 1 3 1 1
Case 2. 2 = 1 : , the eigenvector is x2 = t .
3 1 0 0 3

 
4
(2) Evaluate A2011 . [6pt]
6
           
4 3 1 3 1 3
Solve A2011 = A2011 + = A2011 + A2011 =
6 3 3 3 3 3
   
1 2
=
3 0

Problem 5. Let
x y
=1
x+z = 1

6x + 2y + 3z =1

(1) Find the adjoint matrix

of the coefficient matrix of the linear system. [8pt]
2 3 1
Solve adj(A) = 9 3 1
2 4 1

(2) Use Cramers

 Rule, find a value x. [4pt]
 1 1 0
 
1 0 1
 
1 2 3 6
Solve x =  = .
 1 1 0 
 7
1 0 1

6 2 3
 3

Problem 6. The linear system is

x + 2y
=1
3x y + 2z =5

2x + 3y 2z = 4

(1) Find an LU -decomposition of the coefficient matrix of the given linear sys-
tem. [8pt]

1 2 0 1 2 0 1 2 0
Solve 3 1 2 0 7 2 0 7 2 = U . And we
2
3 2 0 7 2 0 0 0
1 0 0
have L = 3 1 0.
2 1 1

(2) Find the solution of the givenlinear system.

[4pt]
1 0 0 1 1
Solve First, we solve that 3 1 0 y = 5 . So y = 2.
2 11 4 0
1 2 0 1 11
1
Second, we solve that 0 7 2 x = 2. Thus we have x = 2 +
7
0 0 0 0 0
4
t 2 .
7

Problem 7. Suppose that T1 : R2 R2 and T2 : R2 R3 are linear, and

1
we know that T1 (x, y) = (x y, x + y), (T2 T1 )(1, 1) = 2(8, 3, 2), and
2
(T2 T1 )(1, 1) = 2(1, 2, 3).

(1) Find the standard matrix for T2 . [8pt]

  7 9
1 1 1 1
Solve Since [T1 ] = and [T2 T1 ] = 1 5, [T2 ] =
2 1 1 2 5 1

1 8
[T2 T1 ][T1 ]1 = 2 3.
3 2

(2) Find the kernel of T2 . [4pt]

1 8
Solve Since ker(T2 ) = null([T2 ]) and [T2 ] 0 1 , ker(T2 ) = {0}.
0 0

(3) If a vector x is in R2 with the length 2, find the length of T1 (x). [4pt]
Solve Since T1 is an orthogonal linear operator, kT2 (xk = kxk = 2.
 4

Problem 8. Determine whether the linear transformation is one-to-one and/or

onto. Justify your answer. [each 5pt]

(1) T1 : R3 R, given by T1 (x) = x (1, 1, 1).

Solve Since ran(T1 ) = R, T1 is onto. But, T1 (1, 1, 0) = T1 (1, 0, 1), so
T1 is not 1-1.

(2) T2 : R2 R3 , given by T2 (x, y) = (x + y, x y, 2x + 3y).

Solve Since ker(T2 ) = {0}, T2 is 1-1. But, ran(T2 ) = col([T2 ]) = span({(1, 1, 2), (1, 1, 3)}) 6=
R3 , so T2 is not onto.

l
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 j
Problem 1. Indicate whether the statement is true(T) or false(F). [each
2pt]
 
0 1
(1) The matrix A = does not have an LU -decomposition. (T)
1 0

(2) If T1 : Rn Rk and T2 : Rk Rm are linear transformations and x is in

ker(T2 T1 ), then x is in ker(T1 ). (F)

(3) If 1 and 2 are distinct eigenvalues of the square matrix A, then eigenspaces
E1 and E2 are orthogonal. (F)

(4) If the linear transformation T is one-to-one and T (u v) = 0, then u = v.

(T)

(5) If T : Rn Rm is a linear transformation and V is a subspace of Rn , then

T (V ) is a subspace of Rm . (T)

(6) If adj(A) of a square matrix A is invertible, then A is invertible. (T)

(7) A 3 3 matrix has at least one real eigenvalue. (T)

(8) If T1 : Rn Rk and T2 : Rk Rm are linear transformations, and if T1 is

not one-to-one, then neither is T2 T1 . (T)

(9) There is only one linear transformation T : Rn Rm for which T (u + v) =

T (u v) for all vectors u and v in Rn . (T)

(10) If the column vectors of A are orthogonal, then AT A = I. (F)

 5

Problem 2. Determine whether the following transformation T is linear.

Justify your answer. [each 5pt]

(1) T (x, y) = hx cos y sin , x sin + y cos i

Solve Since T (c1 x1 +c2 x2 ) = T (c1 (x1 , y1 )+c2 (x2 , y2 )) = h(c1 x1 +c2 x2 ) cos
(c1 y1 + c2 y2 ) sin , (c1 x1 + c2 x2 ) sin + (c1 y1 + c2 y2 ) cos i = c1 T (x1 ) +
c2 T (x2 ), T is linear.

(2) T : R2 R3 given by T (x) = hx y1 , x y2 , y1 y2 i where x = hx1 , x2 i,

y1 = h1, 1i, and y2 = h1, 1i in R2 .
Solve Since T (c1 x1 + c2 x2 ) = c1 T (x1 ) + c2 T (x2 ), T is linear.

Problem 3. Evaluate the determinant [10pt]

 
2 5 1 3 2 

4
 10 1 6 1 
2 4 1 6 3 

6
 15 3 11 11
2 6 3 1 1 

Solve By row operations,

   
2 5 1 3 2  1 5 1 3 2 
 
4
 10 1 6 1  2
 10 1 6 1 
2 4 1 6 3  = 2 1 4 1 6
 3 

6
 15 3 11 11 3
 15 3 11 11
2 6 3 1 1  1 6 3 1 1 
 
1 5 1 3 2
 
0 0 1 0 3 

= 2 0 1 2 3 1  = 10
0 0 0
 2 5
0 1 2 4 1 

1 1 1
Problem 4. Let A = 1 3 1 .
3 1 1

(1) Find the eigenvalues of A. [8pt]

Solve det(I A) = 3 32 4 + 12 = ( 3)( 2)( + 2) = 0, so
the eigenvalues of A are 3, 2, and 2.

(2) Express the inverse matrix of A using A2 , A and I. [5pt] (Hint: If p() is
the characteristic polynomial of A, then p(A) = O)
Solve Since A3 3A2 4A = 12I, A(A2 3A 4I) = 12I. Hence
1 2
A1 = (A 3A 4I).
12
6

Problem 5. Let
2x + 3y + z
= 1
3x + 3y + z =1

2x + 4y + z = 2

(1) Find the adjoint matrix of the coefficient

matrix
of the linear system. [8pt]
2 3 1
Solve The coefficient matrix is A = 3 3 1. So
2 4 1

1 1 0
adj(A) = 1 0 1
6 2 3

(2) Use Cramers Rule, find a value y. [4pt]

Solve  
2 1 1
 
3 1 1
 
det(A2 ) 2 2 1 1
y= =   = = 1
det(A)  2 3 1
 1
3 3 1
 
2 4 1

Problem 6. The linear system is

2x 2y + 4z
= 32
3x + 3y 7z = 56

4x 4y + 13z = 104

(1) Find an LU -decomposition of the coefficient matrix of the given linear sys-
tem. [8pt]
2 2 4
Solve The coefficient matrix is A = 3 3 7. Then
4 4 13

2 0 0 1 1 2
A = 3 1 0 0 0 1
4 0 5 0 0 1

(2) Find the solution of the given linear system. [4pt]

Solve
Put Ax = b, and let U x = y. Solve
Ly=b, then we have y =
16 0 1
8. Solve U x = y, then we have x = 0 + t 1.
8 8 0
 7

Problem 7. Suppose that T1 : R2 R3 and T2 : R3 R3 are linear,

1
and we know that T2 (x, y, z) = h3x + 2y + 6z, 6x + 3y + 2z, 2x + 6y 3zi,
7
(T2 T1 )(1, 1) = h2, 0, 1i, and (T2 T1 )(1, 2) = h3, 1, 1i.

(1) Find the standard matrix for T1 . [7pt]

3 2 6 1 1
1
Solve Since [T2 ] = 6 3 2 and [T2 T1 ] = [T2 ][T1 ] = 1 1,
7
2 6 3 1 0
so [T1 ] = [T2 ]1 [T2 T1 ]. But, [T2 ] is orthogonal, hence

11 3
1
[T1 ] = [T2 ]T [T2 T1 ] = 5 5
7
1 8

(2) If k(T2 T1 )(x)k = 1, evaluate kT1 (x)k. [3pt]

Solve Since T2 is orthogonal, hence kT1 (x)k = 1.

3 2 1 5
Problem 8. Let A = 1 4 5 3. Find the kernel and the range of
0 1 1 1
the matrix transformation TA . [8pt]
Solve Since
3 2 1 5 1 4 5 3
1 4 5 3 0 1 1 1
0 1 1 1 0 0 0 1
ker(T ) = span{(1, 1, 1, 0)} and
ran(T ) = span{(3, 1, 0), (2, 4, 1), (5, 3, 1)}.

   
1 3 1
Problem 9. Let A = and x = . Find A2010 x. [5pt]
4 2 1
Solve Since Ax = 2x,
 2010 
2010 2010 2
A x = (2) x=
22010