2015

Electrical interview
questions
By

JAYASEELAN CJ

2/7/2015
 Electrical interview questions 2015
Questions from transformer 9. Sumpner's test is conducted on trans-formers to
1. Which of the following does not change in a determine
transformer? (a) temperature
(a) Current (b) stray losses
(b) Voltage (c) all-day efficiency
(c) Frequency (d) none of the above
(d) All of the above Ans: a
Ans: c 10. The permissible flux density in case of cold
2. In a transformer the energy is conveyed from rolled grain oriented steel is around
primary to secondary (a) 1.7 Wb/m2
(a) through cooling coil (b) 2.7 Wb/m2
(b) through air (c) 3.7 Wb/m2
(c) by the flux (d) 4.7 Wb/m2
(d) none of the above Ans: a
Ans: c 11. The efficiency of a transformer will be
3. A transformer core is laminated to maximum when
(a) reduce hysteresis loss (a) copper losses = hysteresis losses
(b) reduce eddy current losses (b) hysteresis losses = eddy current losses
(c) reduce copper losses (c) eddy current losses = copper losses
(d) reduce all above losses (d) copper losses = iron losses
Ans: b Ans: d
4. The degree of mechanical vibrations produced by 12. No-load current in a transformer
the laminations of a transformer depends on (a) lags behind the voltage by about 75
(a) tightness of clamping (b) leads the voltage by about 75
(b) gauge of laminations (c) lags behind the voltage by about 15
(c) size of laminations (d) leads the voltage by about 15
(d) all of the above Ans: a
Ans: d 13. The purpose of providing an iron core in a
5. The no-load current drawn by transformer is transformer is to
usually what per cent of the full-load current ? (a) provide support to windings(b) reduce
(a) 0.2 to 0.5 per cent hysteresis loss
(b) 2 to 5 per cent (c) decrease the reluctance of the magnetic path
(c) 12 to 15 per cent (d) reduce eddy current losses
(d) 20 to 30 per cent Ans: c
Ans: b 14. Which of the following is not a part of
6. The path of a magnetic flux in a transformer transformer installation ?
should have (a) Conservator
(a) high resistance (b) Breather
(b) high reluctance (c) Buchholz relay
(c) low resistance (d) Exciter
(d) low reluctance Ans: d
Ans: d 15. While conducting short-circuit test on a
7. No-load on a transformer is carried out to transformer the following side is short circuited
determine (a) High voltage side
(a) copper loss (b) Low voltage side
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(b) magnetising current (c) Primary side

(c) magnetising current and loss (d) Secondary side
(d) efficiency of the transformer Ans: b
Ans: c 16. In the transformer following winding has got
8. The dielectric strength of transformer oil is more cross-sectional area
expected to be (a) Low voltage winding
(a) lkV (b) High voltage winding
(b) 33 kV (c) Primary winding
(c) 100 kV (d) Secondary winding
(d) 330 kV Ans: a
Ans: b 17. A transformer transforms

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 Electrical interview questions 2015
(a) voltage 25. In a transformer routine efficiency depends
(b) current upon
(c) power (a) supply frequency
(d) frequency (b) load current
Ans: c (c) power factor of load
18. A transformer cannot raise or lower the voltage (d) both (b) and (c)
of a D.C. supply because Ans: d
(a) there is no need to change the D.C. voltage 26. In the transformer the function of a conservator
(b) a D.C. circuit has more losses is to
(c) Faraday's laws of electromagnetic induction are (a) provide fresh air for cooling the transformer
not valid since the rate of change of flux is zero (b) supply cooling oil to transformer in time of need
(d) none of the above (c) protect the transformer from damage when oil
Ans: c expends due to heating
19. Primary winding of a transformer (d) none of the above
(a) is always a low voltage winding Ans: c
(b) is always a high voltage winding 27. Natural oil cooling is used for transformers up
(c) could either be a low voltage or high voltage to a rating of
winding (a) 3000 kVA
(d) none of the above (b) 1000 kVA
Ans: c (c) 500 kVA
20. Which winding in a transformer has more (d) 250 kVA
number of turns ? Ans: a
(a) Low voltage winding 28. Power transformers are designed to have
(b) High voltage winding maximum efficiency at
(c) Primary winding (a) nearly full load
(d) Secondary winding (b) 70% full load
Ans: b (c) 50% full load
21. Efficiency of a power transformer is of the (d) no load
order of Ans: a
(a) 100 per cent 29. The maximum efficiency of a distribution
(b) 98 per cent transformer is
(c) 50 per cent (a) at no load
(d) 25 per cent (b) at 50% full load
Ans: b (c) at 80% full load
22. In a given transformer for given applied (d) at full load
voltage, losses which remain constant irrespective Ans: b
of load changes are 30. Transformer breaths in when
(a) friction and windage losses (a) load on it increases
(b) copper losses (b) load on it decreases
(c) hysteresis and eddy current losses (c) load remains constant
(d) none of the above (d) none of the above
Ans: c Ans: b
23. A common method of cooling a power 31. No-load current of a transformer has
transformer is (a) has high magnitude and low power factor
(a) natural air cooling (b) has high magnitude and high power factor
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(b) air blast cooling (c) has small magnitude and high power factor
(c) oil cooling (d) has small magnitude and low power factor
(d) any of the above Ans: d
Ans: c 32. Spacers are provided between adjacent coils
24. The no load current in a transformer lags behind (a) to provide free passage to the cooling oil
the applied voltage by an angle of about (b) to insulate the coils from each other
(a) 180 (c) both (a) and (b)
(b) 120" (d) none of the above
(c) 90 Ans: a
(d) 75 33. Greater the secondary leakage flux
Ans: d (a) less will be the secondary induced e.m.f.

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 Electrical interview questions 2015
(b) less will be the primary induced e.m.f. 40. In a transformer the tappings are generally
(c) less will be the primary terminal voltage provided on
(d) none of the above (a) primary side
Ans: a (b) secondary side
34. The purpose of providing iron core in a step-up (c) low voltage side
transformer is (d) high voltage side
(a) to provide coupling between primary and Ans: c
secondary 41. The use of higher flux density in the
(b) to increase the magnitude of mutual flux transformer design
(c) to decrease the magnitude of mag-netizing (a) reduces weight per kVA
current (6) reduces iron losses
(d) to provide all above features (c) reduces copper losses
Ans: c (d) increases part load efficiency
35. The power transformer is a constant Ans: a
(a) voltage device 42. The chemical used in breather for transformer
(b) current device should have the quality of
(c) power device (a) ionizing air
(d) main flux device (b) absorbing moisture
Ans: d (c) cleansing the transformer oil
36. Two transformers operating in parallel will (d) cooling the transformer oil.
share the load depending upon their Ans: b
(a) leakage reactance 43. The chemical used in breather is
(b) per unit impedance (a) asbestos fiber
(c) efficiencies (b) silica sand
(d) ratings (c) sodium chloride
Ans: b (d) silica gel
37. If R2 is the resistance of secondary winding of Ans: d
the transformer and K is the transformation ratio 44. An ideal transformer has infinite values of
then the equivalent primary and secondary inductances. The statement
secondary resistance referred to primary will be is
(a) R2/VK (a) true
(b) R2IK2 (b) false
(c) R22!K2 Ans: b
(d) R22/K 45. The transformer ratings are usually expressed in
Ans: b terms of
38. What will happen if the transformers working in (a) volts
parallel are not connected with regard to polarity ? (b) amperes
(a) The power factor of the two trans-formers will (c) kW
be different from the power factor of common load (d) kVA
(b) Incorrect polarity will result in dead short Ans: d
circuit 46. The noise resulting from vibrations of
(c) The transformers will not share load in laminations set by magnetic forces, is termed as
proportion to their kVA ratings (a) magnetostrication
(d) none of the above (b) boo
Ans: b (c) hum
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39. If the percentage impedances of the two (d) zoom

transformers working in parallel are different, then Ans: c
(a) transformers will be overheated 47. Hysteresis loss in a transformer varies as
(b) power factors of both the transformers will be CBmax = maximum flux density)
same (a) Bmax
(c) parallel operation will be not possible (b) Bmax1-6
(d) parallel operation will still be possible, but the (C) Bmax1-83
power factors at which the two transformers operate (d) B max
will be different Ans: b
from the power factor of the common load 48. Material used for construction of transformer
Ans: d core is usually

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 Electrical interview questions 2015
(a) wood (a) fluctuating load
(b) copper (b) poor insulation
(c) aluminium (c) mechanical vibrations
(d) silicon steel (d) saturation of core
Ans: d Ans: d
49. The thickness of laminations used in a 57. Distribution transformers are generally
transformer is usually designed for maximum efficiency around
(a) 0.4 mm to 0.5 mm (a) 90% load
(b) 4 mm to 5 mm (b) zero load
(c) 14 mm to 15 mm (c) 25% load
(d) 25 mm to 40 mm (d) 50% load
Ans: a Ans: d
50. The function of conservator in a transformer is 58. Which of the following property is not
(a) to project against'internal fault necessarily desirable in the material for transformer
(b) to reduce copper as well as core losses core ?
(c) to cool the transformer oil (a) Mechanical strength
(d) to take care of the expansion and contraction of (6) Low hysteresis loss
transformer oil due to variation of temperature of (c) High thermal conductivity
sur-roundings (d) High permeability
Ans: d Ans: c
51. The highest voltage for transmitting electrical 59. Star/star transformers work satisfactorily when
power in India is (a) load is unbalanced only
(a) 33 kV. (b) load is balanced only
(6) 66 kV (c) on balanced as well as unbalanced loads
(c) 132 kV (d) none of the above
(d) 400 kV Ans: b
Ans: d 60. Delta/star transformer works satisfactorily when
52. In a transformer the resistance between its (a) load is balanced only
primary and secondary is (b) load is unbalanced only
(a) zero (c) on balanced as well as unbalanced loads
(b) 1 ohm (d) none of the above
(c) 1000 ohms Ans: c
(d) infinite 61. Buchholz's relay gives warning and protection
Ans: d against
53. A transformer oil must be free from (a) electrical fault inside the transformer itself
(a) sludge (b) electrical fault outside the transformer in
(b) odour outgoing feeder
(c) gases (c) for both outside and inside faults
(d) moisture (d) none of the above
Ans: d Ans: a
54. A Buchholz relay can be installed on 62. The magnetising current of a transformer is
(a) auto-transformers usually small because it has
(b) air-cooled transformers (a) small air gap
(c) welding transformers (b) large leakage flux
(d) oil cooled transformers (c) laminated silicon steel core
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Ans: d (d) fewer rotating parts

55. Gas is usually not liberated due to dissociation Ans: a
of transformer oil unless the oil temperature 63. Which of the following does not change in an
exceeds ordinary transformer ?
(a) 50C (a) Frequency
(b) 80C (b) Voltage
(c) 100C (c) Current
(d) 150C (d) Any of the above
Ans: d Ans: a
56. The main reason for generation of harmonics in
a transformer could be

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 Electrical interview questions 2015
64. Which of the following properties is not 72. The core used in high frequency transformer is
necessarily desirable for the material for usually
transformer core ? (a) copper core
(a) Low hysteresis loss (b) cost iron core
(b) High permeability (c) air core
(c) High thermal conductivity (d) mild steel core
(d) Adequate mechanical strength Ans: c
Ans: c 73. The full-load copper loss of a transformer is
65. The leakage flux in a transformer depends upon 1600 W. At half-load, the copper loss will be
(a) load current (a) 6400 W
(b) load current and voltage (b) 1600 W
(c) load current, voltage and frequency (c) 800 W
(d) load current, voltage, frequency and power (d) 400 W
factor Ans: d
Ans: a 1.74. The value of flux involved m the e.m.f.
66. The path of the magnetic flux in transformer equation of a transformer is
should have (a) average value
(a) high reluctance (b) r.m.s. value
(b) low reactance (c) maximum value
(c) high resistance (d) instantaneous value
(d) low resistance Ans: c
Ans: b L.75. Silicon steel used in laminations mainly
67. Noise level test in a transformer is a reduces
(a) special test (a) hysteresis loss
(b) routine test (b) eddy current losses
(c) type test (c) copper losses
(d) none of the above (d) all of the above
Ans: c Ans: a
68. Which of the following is not a routine test on 76. Which winding of the transformer has less
transformers ? cross-sectional area ?
(a) Core insulation voltage test (a) Primary winding
(b) Impedance test (b) Secondary winding
(c) Radio interference test (c) Low voltage winding
(d) Polarity test (d) High voltage winding
Ans: c Ans: d
69. A transformer can have zero voltage regulation 77. Power transformers are generally designed to
at have maximum efficiency around
(a) leading power factor (a) no-load
(b) lagging power factor (b) half-load
(c) unity power factor (c) near full-load
(d) zero power factor (d) 10% overload
Ans: a Ans: c
70. Helical coils can be used on .78. Which of the following is the main advantage
(a) low voltage side of high kVA transformers of an auto-transformer over a two winding
(b) high frequency transformers transformer ?
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(c) high voltage side of small capacity transformers (a) Hysteresis losses are reduced
(d) high voltage side of high kVA rating (b) Saving in winding material
transformers (c) Copper losses are negligible
Ans: a (d) Eddy losses are totally eliminated
71. Harmonics in transformer result in Ans: b
(a) increased core losses 79. During short circuit test iron losses are
(b) increased I2R losses negligible because
(c) magnetic interference with communication (a) the current on secondary side is negligible
circuits (b) the voltage on secondary side does not vary
(d) all of the above (c) the voltage applied on primary side is low
Ans: d

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 Electrical interview questions 2015
(d) full-load current is not supplied to the 86. If the supply frequency to the transformer is
transformer increased,"the iron loss will
Ans: c (a) not change
80. Two transformers are connected in parallel. (b) decrease
These transformers do not have equal percentage (c) increase
impedance. This is likely to (d) any of the above
result in Ans: c
(a) short-circuiting of the secondaries 87. Negative voltage regulation is indicative that
(b) power factor of one of the transformers is the load is
leading while that of the other lagging (a) capacitive only
(c) transformers having higher copper losses will (b) inductive only
have negligible core losses (c) inductive or resistive
(d) loading of the transformers not in proportion to (d) none of the above
their kVA ratings Ans: a
Ans: d 88. Iron loss of a transformer can be measured by
81. The changes in volume of transformer cooling (a) low power factor wattmeter
oil due to variation of atmospheric temperature (b) unity power factor wattmeter
during day and (c) frequency meter
night is taken care of by which part of transformer (d) any type of wattmeter
(a) Conservator Ans: a
(b) Breather 89. When secondary of a current transformer is
(c) Bushings open-circuited its iron core will be
(d) Buchholz relay (a) hot because of heavy iron losses taking place in
Ans: a it due to high flux density
82. An ideal transformer is one which has (b) hot because primary will carry heavy current
(a) no losses and magnetic leakage (c) cool as there is no secondary current
(b) interleaved primary and secondary windings (d) none of above will happen
(c) a common core for its primary and secondary Ans: a
windings 90. The transformer laminations are insulated from
(d) core of stainless steel and winding of pure each other by
copper metal (a) mica strip
(e) none of the above (6) thin coat of varnish
Ans: a (c) paper
83. When a given transformer is run at its rated (d) any of the above
voltage but reduced frequency, its Ans: b
(a) flux density remains unaffected 91. Which type of winding is used in 3phase shell-
(b) iron losses are reduced type transformer ?
(c) core flux density is reduced (a) Circular type
(d) core flux density is increased (b) Sandwich type
Ans: d (c) Cylindrical type
84. In an actual transformer the iron loss remains (d) Rectangular type
practically constant from noload to fullload because Ans: b
(a) value of transformation ratio remains constant 92. During open circuit test of a transformer
(b) permeability of transformer core remains (a) primary is supplied rated voltage
constant (b) primary is supplied full-load current
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(c) core flux remains practically constant (c) primary is supplied current at reduced voltage
(d) primary voltage remains constant (d) primary is supplied rated kVA
(c) secondary voltage remains constant Ans: a
Ans: c 93. Open circuit test on transformers is conducted
85. An ideal transformer will have maximum to determine
efficiency at a load such that (a) hysteresis losses
(a) copper loss = iron loss (b) copper losses
(b) copper loss < iron loss (c) core losses
(c) copper loss > iron loss (d) eddy current losses
(d) none of the above Ans: c
Ans: a

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 Electrical interview questions 2015
94. Short circuit test on transformers is conducted (a) on full-load
to determine (b) on overload
(a) hysteresis losses (c) on leading power factor
(b) copper losses (d) on zero power factor
(c) core losses Ans: c
(d) eddy current losses 103. A transformer transforms
Ans: b (a) voltage
95. For the parallel operation of single phase (b) current
transformers it is necessary that they should have (c) current and voltage
(a) same efficiency (d) power
(b) same polarity Ans: d
(c) same kVA rating 104. Which of the following is not the standard
(d) same number of turns on the secondary side. voltage for power supply in India ?
Ans: b (a) llkV
96. The transformer oil should have _____ (b) 33kV
volatility and _____ viscosity. (c) 66 kV
(a) low,low (d) 122 kV
(b) high,high Ans: d
(c) low,high 105. Reduction in core losses and increase in
(d) high,low permeability are obtained with transformer
Ans: a employing
97. The function of breather in a transformer is (a) core built-up of laminations of cold rolled grain
(a) to provide oxygen inside the tank oriented steel
(b) to cool the coils during reduced load (b) core built-up of laminations of hot rolled sheet
(c) to cool the transformer oil (c) either of the above
(d) to arrest flow of moisture when outside air (d) none of the above
enters the transformer Ans: a
Ans: d 106. In a power or distribution transformer about 10
98. The secondary winding of which of the per cent end turns are heavily insulated
following transformers is always kept closed ? (a) to withstand the high voltage drop due to line
(a) Step-up transformer surge produced by the shunting capacitance of the
(b) Step-down transformer end turns
(c) Potential transformer (b) to absorb the line surge voltage and save the
(d) Current transformer winding of transformer from damage
Ans: d (c) to reflect the line surge and save the winding of
99. The size of a transformer core will depend on a transformer from damage
(a) frequency (d) none of the above
(b) area of the core Ans: a
(c) flux density of the core material 107. For given applied voltage, with the increase in
(d) (a) and (b) both frequency of the applied voltage
Ans: d (a) eddy current loss will decrease
100. N atural air coo ling is generally restricted for (b) eddy current loss will increase
transformers up to (c) eddy current loss will remain unchanged
(a) 1.5 MVA (d) none of the above
(b) 5 MVA Ans: c
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(c) 15 MVA 108. Losses which occur in rotating electric

(d) 50 MVA machines and do not occur in trans formers are
Ans: a (a) friction and windage losses
101. A shell-type transformer has (b) magnetic losses
(a) high eddy current losses (c) hysteresis and eddy current losses
(b) reduced magnetic leakage (d) copper losses
(c) negligibly hysteresis losses Ans: a
(d) none of the above 109. In a given transformer for a given applied
Ans: b voltage, losses which remain constant irrespective
102. A transformer can have regulation closer to of load changes are
zero (a) hysteresis and eddy current losses

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 Electrical interview questions 2015
(b) friction and windage losses 116. Which of the following acts as a protection
(c) copper losses against high voltage surges due to lightning and
(d) none of the above switching ?
Ans: a (a) Horn gaps
110. Which of the following statements regarding (b) Thermal overload relays
an idel single-phase transformer having a turn ratio (c) Breather
of 1 : 2 and (d) Conservator
drawing a current of 10 A from 200 V A.C. supply Ans: a
is incorrect ? 117. The efficiency of two identical transformers
(a) Its secondary current is 5 A under load conditions can be determined by
(b) Its secondary voltage is 400 V (a) short-circuit test
(c) Its rating is 2 kVA (b) back-to-back test
(d) Its secondary current is 20 A (c) open circuit test
(e) It is a step-up transformer (d) any of the above
Ans: d Ans: b
111. The secondary of a current transformer is 118. Which of the following insulating materials
always short-circuited under operating conditions can withstand the highest temperature safely ?
because it (a) Cellulose
(a) avoids core saturation and high voltage (b) Asbestos
induction (c) Mica
(b) is safe to human beings (d) Glass fibre
(c) protects the primary circuit Ans: c
(d) none of the above 119. Which of the following parts of a transformer
Ans: a is visible from outside ?
112. In a transformer the resistance between its (a) Bushings
primary and secondary should be (b) Core
(a) zero (c) Primary winding
(b) 10 Q (d) Secondary winding
(c) 1000 Q Ans: a
(d) infinity 120. The noise produced by a transformer is termed
Ans: d as
113. A good voltage regulation of a transformer (a) zoom
means (b) hum
(a) output voltage fluctuation from no load to full (c) ringing
load is least (d) buzz
(b) output voltage fluctuation with power factor is Ans: b
least 121. Which of the following loss in a transformer is
(c) difference between primary and secondary zero even at full load ?
voltage is least (a) Core loss
(d) difference between primary and secondary (b) Friction loss
voltage is maximum (c) Eddy current loss
Ans: a (d) Hysteresis loss
114. For a transformer, operating at constant load Ans: b
current, maximum efficiency will occur at 122. Which of the following is the most likely
(a) 0.8 leading power factor source of harmonics in a transformer ?
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(b) 0.8 lagging power factor (a) poor insulation

(c) zero power factor (b) Overload
(d) unity power factor (c) loose connections
Ans: d (d) Core saturation
115. Which of the following protection is normally Ans: d
not provided on small distribution transformers ? 123. If a transformer is continuously operated the
(a) Overfluxing protection maximum temperature rise will occur in
(b) Buchholz relay (a) core
(c) Overcurrent protection (b) windings
(d) All of the above (c) tank
Ans: b (d) any of the above

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 Electrical interview questions 2015
Ans: b (d) frame or case
124. The hum in a transformer is mainly attributed (e) transformer tank
to Ans: c
(a) load changes 131. If a transformer is switched on to a voltage
(b) oil in the transformer more than the rated voltage
(c) magnetostriction (a) its power factor will deteriorate
(d) mechanical vibrations (b) its power factor will increase
Ans: c (c) its power factor will remain unaffected
125. The maximum load that a power transformer (d) its power factor will be zero
can carry is limited by its Ans: a
(a) temperature rise 132. Auto-transformer makes effective saving on
(b) dielectric strength of oil copper and copper losses, when its transformation
(c) voltage ratio ratio is
(d) copper loss (a) approximately equal to one
Ans: c (b) less than one
126. The efficiency of a transformer, under heavy (c) great than one
loads, is comparatively low because (d) none of the above
(a) copper loss becomes high in proportion to the Ans: a
output 133. Minimum voltage regulation occurs when the
(b) iron loss is increased considerably power factor of the load is
(c) voltage drop both in primary and secondary (a) unity
becomes large (b) lagging
(d) secondary output is much less as compared to (c) leading
primary input (d) zero
Ans: a Ans: c
127. An open-circuit test on a transformer is 134. In a step-down transformer, there is a change
conducted primarily to measure of 15 A in the load current. This results in change
(a) insulation resistance of supply current of
(b) copper loss (a) less than 15 A
(c) core loss (b) more than 15 A
(d) total loss (c) 15 A
(e) efficiency (d) none of the above
(f) none of the above Ans: a
Ans: c 135. The efficiencies of transformers compared
128. A no-load test is performed on a transformer with that of electric motors of the same power are
to determine (a) about the same
(a) core loss (6) much smaller
(b) copper loss
(c) efficiency
(d) magnetising current
General questions
(e) magnetising current and loss
Ans: e 1: What is electric traction?
129. The voltage transformation ratio of a
transformer is equal to the ratio of Answer: Traction means using the electric power
(a) primary turns to secondary turns for traction system i.e. for railways, trams, trolleys
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(b) secondary current to primary current etc. electric traction means use of the electricity for
(c) secondary induced e.m.f. to primary induced all these. Now a day, magnetic traction is also used
e.m.f. for bullet trains. Basically dc motors are used for
(d) secondary terminal voltage to primary applied electric traction systems.
voltage
Ans: c 2: How can you start-up the 40w tube light with
130. Part of the transformer which is most subject 230v AC/DC without using any choke/Coil?
to damage from overheating is
(a) iron core
(b) copper winding
(c) winding insulation

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 Electrical interview questions
Answer: It's possible by means of Electronic
choke. otherwise it's not possible to ionize the
particles in tube. light, with normal voltage.
3: What is "pu" in electrical engineering?
Answer: Pu stands for per unit and this will be
used in power system single line diagram there it is
like a huge electrical circuit with no of components
(generators, transformers, loads) with different
ratings (in MVA and KV). To bring all the ratings
into common platform we use pu concept in which,
in general largest MVA and KV ratings of the
component is considered as base values, then all
other component ratings will get back into this
basis. Those values are called as pu values.
(p.u=actual value/base value).
4: Operation carried out in Thermal power station?
Answer: The water is obtained in the boiler and the
coal is burnt so that steam is obtained this steam is
allowed to hit the turbine , the turbine which is
coupled with the generator generates the electricity
5:Why link is provided in neutral of an ac circuit
and fuse in phase of ac circuit?
Answer: Link is provided at a Neutral common
point in the circuit from which various connection
are taken for the individual control circuit and so it
is given in a link form to withstand high Amps. But
in the case of Fuse in the Phase of AC circuit it is
designed such that the fuse rating is calculated for
the particular circuit (i.e load) only.So if any
malfunction happen the fuse connected in the
particular control circuit alone will blow off.
6: what is the diff. btwn. Electronic regulator and
ordinary rheostat regulator for fans?
Answer: The difference between the electronic and
ordinary regulator is that in electronic reg. power
losses are less because as we decrease the speed the
electronic reg. give the power needed for that
particular speed but in case of ordinary rheostat
type reg. the power wastage is same for every speed
and no power is saved. In electronic regulator triac
is employed for speed control. By varying the firing
angle speed is controlled but in rheostat control
resistance is decreased by steps to achieve speed
control.
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2015
7: How tube light circuit is connected and how it
works?
Answer: A choke is connected in one end of the
tube light and a starter is in series with the circuit.
When supply is provided , the starter will interrupt
the supply cycle of AC. Due to the sudden change
of supply the chock will generate around 1000volts
. This volt will capable of to break the electrons
inside the tube to make electron flow. once the
current passes through the tube the starter circuit
will be out of part. now there is no change of
supply causes choke voltage normalized and act as
minimize the current.
8: whats is MARX CIRCUIT?
Answer: It is used with generators for charging a
number of capacitor in parallel and discharging
them in series.It is used when voltage required for
testing is higher than the available.
9:What is encoder, how it function?
Answer: An encoder is a device used to change a
signal (such as a bit stream) or data into a code. The
code may serve any of a number of purposes such
as compressing information for transmission or
storage, encrypting or adding redundancies to the
input code, or translating from one code to another.
This is usually done by means of a programmed
algorithm,especially if any part is digital, while
most analog encoding is done with analog circuitry.
10:What are the advantages of speed control
using thyristor?
Answer: Advantages :1. Fast Switching
Characteristics than MOSFET, BJT, IGBT 2. Low
cost 3. Higher Accurate.
11: Why Human body feel Electric shock ?? n in an
Electric train during running , We did nt feel any
Shock ? why?
February 7, 2015
Answer: Unfortunately our body is a pretty good
conductor of electricity, The golden rule is Current
takes the lowest resistant path if you have
insulation to our feet as the circuit is not complete
(wearing rubber footwear which doing some repairs
is advisable as our footwear is a high resistance
path not much current flows through our body).The
electric train is well insulated from its electrical
system.
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 Electrical interview questions
12 :what is the principle of motor?
Answer: Whenever a current carrying conductor is
placed in a magnetic field it produce turning or
twisting movement is called as torque.
13: why, when birds sit on transmission lines or
current wires doesn't get shock?
Answer: Its true that if birds touch the single one
line (phase or neutral) they don't get electrical
shock... if birds touch 2 lines than the circuit is
closed and they get electrical shock.. so if a human
touch single one line(phase) then he doesn't get
shock if he is in the air (not touching - standing on
the ground if he is standing on the ground then
touching the line (phase) he will get a shock
because the ground on what we standing is like line
(ground bed - like neutral) and in the most of
electric lines the neutral is grounded..so that means
that human who touch the line closes the circuit
between phase and neutral.
14:what is meant by armature reaction?
Answer: The effect of armature flu to main flux is
called armature reaction. The armature flux may
support main flux or opposes main flux.
15: what happen if we give 220 volts dc supply to d
bulb r tube light?
Answer: Bulbs [devices] for AC are designed to
operate such that it offers high impedance to AC
supply. Normally they have low resistance. When
DC supply is applied, due to low resistance, the
current through lamp would be so high that it may
damage the bulb element.
16: Which motor has high Starting Torque and
Staring current DC motor, Induction motor or
Synchronous motor?
Answer:DC Series motor has high starting torque.
We can not start the Induction motor and
Synchronous motors on load, but can not start the
DC series motor without load.
17: what is ACSR cable and where we use it?
Answer: ACSR means Aluminium conductor steel
reinforced, this conductor is used in transmission &
distribution.
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18: What is vaccum circuit breaker.define with
cause and where be use it Device?
Answer: A breaker is normally used to break a
circuit. while breaking the circuit, the contact
terminals will be separated. At the time of
separation an air gap is formed in between the
terminals. Due to existing current flow the air in the
gap is ionized and results in the arc. various
mediums are used to quench this arc in respective
CB's. but in VCB the medium is vacuum gas. since
the air in the CB is having vacuum pressure the arc
formation is interrupted. VCB's can be used up to
11kv.
20: What will happen when power factor is leading
in distribution of power?
Answer: If there is high power factor, i.e if the
power factor is close to one:
1.losses in form of heat will be reduced,
2.cable becomes less bulky and easy to carry, and
very
cheap to afford, &
3. it also reduces over heating of transformers.
21: whats the one main difference between UPS &
inverter? And electrical engineering & electronics
engineering?
Answer: uninterrupted power supply is mainly use
for short time . means according to ups VA it gives
backup. Ups is also two types : on line and offline .
online ups having high volt and amp for long time
backup with high dc voltage. But ups start with 12v
dc with 7 amp. but inverter is start with 12v,24,dc
to 36v dc and 120amp to 180amp battery with long
time backup. February 7, 2015
22: What is 2 phase motor?
Answer: A two phase motor is a motor with the
starting winding and the running winding have a
phase split. e.g;AC servo motor. Where the
auxiliary winding and the control winding have a
phase split of 90 degree.
23: Advantages of vvvf drives over non vvvf drives
for EOT cranes?
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 Electrical interview questions
Answer: 1.smooth start and stop.
2. No jerking of load.
3. Exact positioning
4. Better protection for motor.
5. high/low speed selection.
6. Reliability of break shoe.
7. Programmable break control.
8. Easy circuitry
9. Reduction in controls
10. Increases motor life
24:What is the significance of vector grouping in
Power Transformers?
Answer:Every power transformer has a vector
group listed by its manufacturer. Fundamentally it
tells you the information about how the windings
are connected (delta or wye) and the phace
difference betweent the current and voltage. EG.
DYN11 means Delta primary, Wye Secondry and
the current is at 11 o clock reffered to the voltage.
25:Which type of A.C motor is used in the fan
(ceiling fan, exhaust fan, padestal fan, bracket fan
etc) which are find in the houses ?
Answer:Its Single Phase induction motor which
mostly squirrel cage rotor and are capacitor start
capacitor run.
26:Give two basic speed control scheme of DC
shunt motor?
Answer: 1. By using flux control method: in this
method a rheostat is connected across the field
winding to control the field current. So by changing
the current the flux produced by the field winding
can be changed, and since speed is inversely
proportional to flux speed can be controlled
2.armature control method: in this method a
rheostat is connected across armature winding by
varying the resistance the value of resistive
drop(IaRa)can be varied, and since speed is directly
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2015
proportional to Eb-IaRa the speed can be
controlled.
27: what is the principle of motor?
Answer: Whenever a current carrying conductor is
placed in an magnetic field it produce turning or
twisting movement is called as torque
28: what is meant by armature reaction?
Answer: The effect of armature flu to main flux is
called armature reaction. The armature flux may
support main flux or opposes main flux.
29:
30:what is the difference between synchronous
generator & asynchronous generator?
Answer:In simple, synchronous generator supply's
both active and reactive power but asynchronous
generator(induction generator) supply's only active
power and observe reactive power for
magnetizing.This type of generators are used in
windmills
31:What is the Polarization index value ? (pi
value)and simple definition of polarization index ?
Answer: Its ratio between insulation
resistance(IR)i.e meggar valuefor 10min
to insulation resistance for 1 min. It ranges from 5-
7 for new motors & normally for motor to be in
good condition it should be Greater than 2.5 .
32: Why syn. generators r used for the production
of electricity?
Answer:synchronous machines have capability to
work on different power factor(or saydifferent
imaginary power varying the field emf. Hence syn.
generators r used for the production of electricity.
February 7, 2015
33: What is the difference between synchronous
generator & asynchronous generator?
Answer: In simple, synchronous generator supply's
both active and reactive power but asynchronous
generator (induction generator) supply's only active
power and observe reactive power for magnetizing.
This type of generators are used in windmills.
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34:1 ton is equal to how many watts?
Answer:1 ton = 12000 BTU/hr and to convert
BTU/hr to horsepower,
12,000 * 0.0003929 = 4.715 hp therefore 1 ton =
4.715*.746 = 3.5 KW.
35:why syn. generators r used for the production of
electricity?
Answer:synchronous machines have capability to
work on differentpower factor(or saydifferent
imaginary pow varying the field emf. Hence syn.
generators r used for the production of electricity.
36: Enlist types of dc generator?
Answer: D.C.Generators are classified into two
types 1)separatly exicted d.c.generator 2)self
exicted d.c.generator, which is further classified
into;1)series 2)shunt and3)compound(which is
further classified into cumulative and differential).
37:WhatsAutomatic Voltage regulator(AVR)?
Answer: AVR is an abbreviation for
Automatic Voltage Regulator.It is important part in
Synchronous Generators, it controls
theoutput voltage of the generator by controlling its
excitation current. Thus it can control the output
Reactive Power of the Generator.
38: What is an exciter and how does it work?
Answer: There are two types of exciters, static
exciter and rotory exciter.purpose of excitor is to
supply the excitation dc voltage to the fixed poles
of generator.Rotory excitor is an additional small
generator mounted on the shaft of main generator.
if it is dc generator, it will supply dc to the rotory
poles through slip ring and brushes( conventional
alternator). if it is an ac excitor, out put of ac
excitor is rectified by rotating diodes and supply dc
to main fixed poles.ac excitor is the ac generator
whose field winding are stationary and armature
rotates. initialvoltage is built up by residual
magnetism.It gives the starting torque to the
generator.
40: Difference between a four point starter and
three point starter?
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2015
Answer: The shunt connection in four point stater
is provided separately form the line where as in
three point stater it is connected with line which is
the drawback in three point stater
41: Why use the VCB at High Transmission
System ? Why can't use ACB?
Answer: Actually the thing is vacuum has high arc
queching property compare to air because in VCB
,the die electric strengths equal to 8 times of air .
That y always vaccum used as inHT breaker and air
used as in LT .
42: What is the difference between surge arrestor
and lightning arrestor?
Answer: LA is installed outside and the effect of
lightning is grounded,where as surge arrestor
installed inside panels comprising of resistors
which consumes the energy and nullify the effect of
surge.
43: What happens if i connect a capacitor to a
generator load?
Answer:Connecting a capacitor across a generator
always improves powerfactor,but it will help
depends up on the engine capacity of the
alternator,other wise the alternator will be over
loaded due to the extra watts consumed due to
the improvement on pf. Secondly, don't connect a
capacitor across an alternator while it is picking up
or without any other load.
44: Why the capacitors works on ac only?
Answer: Generally capacitor gives infinite
resistance to dc components(i.e., block the dc
components). it allows the ac components to pass
through.
45: Explain the working principal of the circuit
February 7, 2015
breaker?
Answer: Circuit Breaker is one which makes or
breaks the circuit.It has two contacts namely fixed
contact & moving contact.under normal condition
the moving contact comes in contact with fixed
contact thereby forming the closed contact for the
flow of current. During abnormal & faulty
conditions(when current exceeds the rated value) an
arc is produced between the fixed & moving
contacts & thereby it forms the open circuitArc is
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 Electrical interview questions
extinguished by the Arc Quenching media like air,
oil, vaccum etc.
46: How many types of colling system it
transformers?
Answer: 1. ONAN (oil natural,air natural)2. ONAF
(oil natural,air forced)3. OFAF (oil forced,air
forced)4. ODWF (oil direct,water forced) 5. OFAN
(oil forced,air forced)
47: What is the function of anti-pumping in circuit
breaker?
Answer: when breaker is close at one time by close
push button,the anti pumping contactor prevent re
close the breaker by close push button after if it
already close.
48: what is stepper motor.what is its uses?
Answer: Stepper motor is the electrical machine
which act upon input pulse applied to it. it is one
type of synchronous motor which runs in steps in
either direction instead of running in complete
cycle.so, in automation parts it is used.
49: How to calculate capacitor bank value to
maintain unity power factor with some suitable
example?
Answer:KVAR= KW(TAN(COS(-1)#e)-
TAN(COS(-1)#d) )
#e= EXISTING P.F.
#d= DESIRED P.F.
50: Tell me in detail about c.t. and p.t.
?(Company:reliance)
Answer:The term C.T means current
transformer,and the term P.T means potential
transformer.In circuit where measurements of high
voltage and high current is involved they are used
there.Particularly when a measuring device like
voltmeter or ammeter is not able to measure such
high value of quantity because of large value of
torque due to such high value it can damage the
measuring device.so, CT and PT are introduced in
the circuits. They work on the same principle of
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2015
transformer, which is based on linkage of
electromagneticflux produced by primary with
secondary.They work on the ratio to they are
designed.E.g if CTis of ratio 5000\5A and it has to
measure secondary current of
8000A.then ANS=8000*5\5000=8Aand this result
will be given to ammeter .and after measuring 8A
we can calculate the primary current.same is
the operation of PT but measuring voltage.
51: There are a Transformer and an induction
machine. Those two have the same supply. For
which device the load current will be maximum?
And why?
Answer: The motor has max load current compare
to that of transformer because the motor consumes
real power.. and the transformer is only producing
the working flux and its not consuming.. hence the
load current in the transformer is because of core
loss so it is minimum.
52: what is power factor? whether it should be high
or low? why?
Answer:Power factor should be high in order to get
smooth operation of the system.Low power factor
means losses will be more.it is the ratio of true
power to apperent power. it has to be ideally 1. if it
is too low then cable over heating & equipment
overloading will occur. if it is greater than 1 then
load will act as capacitor and starts feeding the
source and will cause tripping.(if pf is poor ex: 0.17
to meet actual power load has to draw more
current(V constant),result in more lossesif pf is
good ex: 0.95 to meet actual power load has to
draw less current(V constant),result in less losses).
53:What is the difference between Isolator
and Circuit Breaker?
February 7, 2015
Answer:Isolator is a off load device which is used
for isolating the downstream circuits from upstream
circuits for the reason of any maintenance on
downstream circuits. it is manually operated and
does not contain any solenoid unlike circuit
breaker. it should not be operated while it is having
load. first the load on it must be made zero and then
it can safely operated. its specification only rated
current is given.But circuit breaker is onload
automatic device used for breaking the circuit in
case of abnormal conditions like short circuit,
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 Electrical interview questions
overload etc., it is having three specification 1 is
rated current and 2 is short circuit breaking capacity
and 3 is instantaneous tripping current.
54:what is boucholz relay and the significance of it
in to the transformer?
Answer:Boucholz relay is a device which is used
for the protection of transformer from its internal
faults, it is a gas based relay. whenever any internal
fault occurs in a transformer, the boucholz relay at
once gives a horn for some time, if the transformer
is isolated from the circuit then it stop its sound
itself other wise it trips the circuit by its own
tripping mechanism.
55:What is SF6 Circuit Breaker?
Answer:SF6 is Sulpher hexa Flouride gas.. if this
gas is used as arc quenching medium in a
Circuitbreaker means SF6 CB.
56:what is ferrantic effect?
Answer:Output voltage is greater than the input
voltage or receiving end voltage is greater than the
sending end voltage.
The Ferranti effect is a rise in voltage occurring at
the receiving end of a long transmission line,
relative to the voltage at the sending end, which
occurs when the line is energized but there is a very
light load or the load is disconnected.
This effect is due to the voltage drop across the line
inductance (due to charging current) being in phase
with the sending end voltages. Therefore both
capacitance and inductance are responsible for
producing this phenomenon.[1]
The Ferranti Effect will be more pronounced the
longer the line and the higher the voltage
applied.[2] The relative voltage rise is proportional
to the square of the line length.[3]
Due to high capacitance, the Ferranti effect is much
more pronounced in underground cables, even in
short lengths.
57: what is meant by insulation voltage in cables?
explain it?
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2015
Answer:It is the property of a cable by virtue of it
can withstand the applied voltage without rupturing
it is known as insulation level of the cable.
58: Why we do 2 types of earthing on transformer
(ie:)body earthing & neutral earthing , what is
function. i am going to install a 5oo kva
transformer & 380 kva DG set what should the
earthing value?
Answer:The two types of earthing are Familiar as
Equipment earthing and system earthing. In
Equipment earthing: body ( non conducting part)of
the equipment shouldd be earthed to safegaurd the
human beings.system Earthing : In this neutral of
the supply source ( Transformer or Generator)
should be grounded. With this,in case of
unbalanced loading neutral will not be shifted.so
that unbalanced voltages will not arise. We can
protect the equipment also. With size of the
equipment( transformer or alternator)and selection
of relying system earthing will be further classified
into directly earthed,Impedance earthing, resistive
(NGRs) earthing.
59:What is the difference between MCB & MCCB,
Where it can be used?
Answer:MCB is miniature circuit breaker which is
thermal operated and use for short circuit protection
in small current rating circuit. MCCB moulded case
circuit breaker and is thermal operated for over load
current and magnetic operation for instant trip in
short circuit condition.under voltage and under
frequency may be inbuilt. Normally it is used where
normal current is more than 100A.
60:Where should the lighting arrestor be placed in
distribution lines?
Answer:Near distribution transformers and out
going feeders of 11kv and incomming feeder of
33kv and near power transformers in sub-stations.
February 7, 2015
61:Define IDMT relay?
Answer:It is an inverse definite minimum time
relay.In IDMT relay its operating is inversely
proportional and also a characteristic of minimum
time after which this relay operates.It is inverse in
the sense ,the tripping time will decrease as the
magnitude of fault current increase.
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62:What are the transformer losses?
Answer:TRANSFORMER LOSSES - Transformer
losses have two sources-copper loss and magnetic
loss. Copper losses are caused by the resistance of
the wire (I2R). Magnetic losses are caused by eddy
currents and hysteresis in the core. Copper loss is a
constant after the coil has been wound and
therefore a measurable loss. Hysteresis loss is
constant for a particular voltage and current. Eddy-
current loss, however, is different for each
frequency passed through the transformer.
63:What is meant by regenerative braking?
Answer:When the supply is cutt off for a running
motor, it still continue running due to inertia. In
order to stop it quickly we place a load(resitor)
across the armature winding and the motor should
have maintained continuous field supply. so that
back e.m.f voltage is made to applyacross the
resistor and due to load the motor stops
quickly.This type of breaking is called as
"Regenerative Breaking".
64:Why is the starting current high in a DC motor?
Answer:In DC motors, Voltage equation is V=Eb-
IaRa (V = Terminal voltage,Eb = Back emf in
Motor,Ia = Armature current,Ra = Aramture
resistance).At starting, Eb is zero. Therefore,
V=IaRa, Ia = V/Ra ,where Ra is very less like
0.01ohm.i.e, Ia will become enormously increased.
65:What are the advantages of star-delta starter
with induction motor?
Answer:(1). The main advantage of using the star
delta starter is reduction of current during the
starting of the motor.Starting current is reduced to
3-4 times Of current of Direct online starting.(2).
Hence the starting current is reduced , the voltage
drops during the starting of motor in systems are
reduced.
66:Why Delta Star Transformers are used for
Lighting Loads?
Answer:For lighting loads, neutral conductor is
must and hence the secondary must be star winding.
and this lighting load is always unbalanced in all
three phases. To minimize the current unbalance in
the primary we use delta winding in the primary. So
delta / star transformer is used for lighting loads.
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67:Why in a three pin plug the earth pin is thicker
and longer than the other pins?
Answer:It depends upon R=rho l/a where area(a) is
inversely proportional to resistance (R), so if (a)
increases, R decreases & if R is less the leakage
current will take low resistance path so the earth pin
should be thicker. It is longer because the The First
to make the connection and Last to disconnnect
should be earth Pin. This assures Safety for the
person who uses the electrical instrument.
Electrical interview question:Why series motor
cannot be started on no-load?
Answer:Series motor cannot be started without load
because of high starting torque. Series motor are
used in Trains, Crane etc.
68:Why ELCB can't work if N input of ELCB do
not connect to ground?
Answer:ELCB is used to detect earth leakage fault.
Once the phase and neutral are connected in an
ELCB, the current will flow through phase and that
much current will have to return neutral so resultant
current is zero. Once there is a ground fault in the
load side, current from phase will directly pass
through earth and it will not return through neutral
through ELCB. That means once side current is
going and not returning and hence because of
this difference in current ELCB wil trip and it will
safe guard the other circuits from faulty loads. If
the neutral is not grounded, fault current will
definitely high and that full fault current will come
back through ELCB, and there will be
no difference in current.
69:How electrical power is generated by an A.C
Generator?
Answer:For the generation of elect power we need
February 7, 2015
a prime mover which supplies mechanical power
input to the alternator, can be steam turbines,or
hydro turbines .When poles of the rotor moves
under the armature conductors which are placed on
the stator ,field flux cut the
armature conductor ,therefore voltage is generated
and is of sinusoidal in nature...due to polarity
change of rotor poles(i,e) N-S-N-S.
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70:Why an ac solenoid valve attract the plunger
even though we interchanges the terminal? Will the
poles changes?
Answer:Yes because the poles changes for every
half-cycle of ac voltageso the polarity of
AC voltage is continuously changing for every half
cycle. so, interchanging of terminals in ac system
does not show any difference. That's why the ac
solenoid attract the plunger even though it's
terminals are interchanged.
71:What is derating?, why it is necessary, it is same
for all means for drives, motors,and cables.
Answer:The current currying of cables will change
depending upon the site temperature (location of
site), type of run (it will run through duct, trench,
buried etc.), number of tray, depth of trench,
distance between cables. Considering this condition
actual current currying capacity of cable reduce
than current currying capacity (which given to
cable Catalogue) this is called derating.
72:Why temperature rise is conducted in bus bars
and isolators?
Answer:Bus bars and isolators are rated for
continuous power flow, that means they carry
heavy currents which rises their temperature. so it is
necessary to test this devices for temperature rise.
73:When voltage increases then current also
increases then what is the need of
over voltage relay and over current relay? Can we
measure over voltage and over current by
measuring current only?
Answer:No.We can't sense the over voltage by just
measuring the current only because the current
increases not only for over voltages but also for
under voltage(As most of the loads are non-linear
in nature).So,the over voltage protection & over
current protection are completely different.
Over voltage relay meant for sensing over voltages
& protect the system from insulation break down
and firing. Over current relay meant for sensing any
internal short circuit, over load condition ,earth
fault thereby reducing the system failure & risk of
fire.So, for a better protection of the system.It
should have both over voltage & over current
relay.
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74:If one lamp connects between two phases it will
glow or not?
Answer:If the voltage between the two phase is
equal to the lamp voltagethen the lamp will glow.
When the voltage difference is big it will damage
the lamp and when the difference is smaller the
lamp will glow depending on the type of lamp.
75:How do you select a cable size (Cu & Al) for a
particular load?
Answer:At first calculate the electrical current of
the load, after that derate the electrical current
considering derating factor(depending on site
condition and laying of cable) after choose the
cable size from cablecatalog considering derating
electrical current.After that measure the length of
cable required from supply point of load to load
poin. Calculate the voltage drop which will max 3%
(resistance and reactance of cable found from
cable catalog of selecting cable)
if voltage drop>3% then choose next higher size of
cable.
76:What are HRC fuses and where it is used?
Answer:HRC stand for "high rupturing capacity"
fuse and it is used in distribution system for
electrical transformers.
77:Which power plant has high load factor?
Answer:All base load power plants have a high
load factor. If we use high efficiency power plants
to supply the base load,we can reduce the cost of
generation.Hydel power plants have a higher
efficiency than thermal & nuclear power plants.
78:Mention the methods for starting an induction
motor?
February 7, 2015
Answer:The different methods of starting an
induction motorDOL:direct online starter,Star delta
starter,Auto transformer starter,Resistance
starter,Series reactor starter
79:What is the difference between earth resistance
and earth electrode resistance?
Answer:Only one of the terminals is evident in the
earth resistance. In order to find the second terminal
we should recourse to its definition: Earth
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Resistance is the resistance existing between the
electrically accessible part of a buried electrode and
another point of the earth, which is far away.
The resistance of the electrode has the following
components:
(A) the resistance of the metal and that of the
connection to it.
(B) the contact resistance of the surrounding earth
to the electrode.
80:What is use of lockout relay in ht voltage?
Answer:A lock-out relay is generally placed in line
before or after the e-stop switch so the power can
be shut off at one central location. This relay is
powered by the same electrical source as the control
power and is operated by a key lock switch. The
relay itself may have up to 24 contact points within
the unit itself. This allows the control power for
multiple machines to be locked out by the turn of a
single key switch.
81:What is the power factor of an alternator at no
load?
Answer:At no load Synchronous Impedance of the
alternator is responsible for creating
angle difference. So it should be zero lagging like
inductor.
82:Why most of analog o/p devices having o/p
range 4 to 20 mA and not 0 to 20 mA ?
Answer:4-20 mA is a standard range used to
indicate measured values for any process. The
reason that 4ma is chosen instead of 0 mA is for fail
safe operation .For example- a pressure instrument
gives output 4mA to indicate 0 psi, up to 20 mA to
indicate 100 psi, or full scale. Due to any problem
in instrument (i.e) broken wire, its output reduces to
0 mA. So if range is 0-20 mA then we can
differentiate whether it is due to broken wire or due
to 0 psi.
83:Two bulbs of 100w and 40w respectively
connected in series across a 230v supply which
bulb will glow bright and why?
Answer:Since two bulbs are in series they will get
equal amount of electrical current but as the supply
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2015
voltage is constant across the bulb(P=V^2/R).So
the resistance of 40W bulb is greater and voltage
across 40W is more (V=IR) so 40W bulb will glow
brighter.
84:What is meant by knee point voltage?
Answer:Knee point voltage is calculated for
electrical Current transformers and is very
important factor to choose a CT. It is the voltage at
which a CT gets saturated.(CT-current
transformer).
85:What is reverse power relay?
Answer:Reverse Power flow relay are used in
generating stations's protection. A generating
stations is supposed to fed power to the grid and in
case generating units are off,there is no generation
in the plant then plant may take power from grid.
To stop the flow of power from grid to generator
we use reverse power relay.
86:What will happen if DC supply is given on the
primary of a transformer?
Answer:Mainly transformer has high inductance
and low resistance.In case of DC supply there is no
inductance ,only resistance will act in
theelectrical circuit. So high electrical current will
flow through primary side of the transformer.So for
this reason coil and insulation will burn out.
87:What is the difference between isolators
and electrical circuit breakers? What is bus-bar?
Answer:Isolators are mainly for switching purpose
under normal conditions but they cannot operate in
fault conditions .Actually they used for isolating the
CBs for maintenance. Whereas CB
gets activated under fault conditions according to
the fault detected.Bus bar is nothing but a junction
where the power is getting distributed for
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independent loads.
88:What are the advantage of free wheeling diode
in a Full Wave rectifier?
Answer:It reduces the harmonics and it also
reduces sparking and arching across the mechanical
switch so that it reduces the voltage spike seen in a
inductive load
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 Electrical interview questions
89:What are Motor Generator Sets and explain the
different ways the motor generator set can be used
? shaft changes the direction of power flow; with no
Answer:Motor Generator Sets are a combination of
an electrical generator and an engine mounted
together to form a single piece of equipment. Motor
generator set is also referred to as a genset, or more
commonly, a generatorThe motor generator set can
used in the following different ways: 1.Alternating
current (AC) to direct current (DC), 2.DC to AC,
3.DC at one voltage to DC at another voltage, 4.AC
at one frequency to AC at another harmonically-
related frequency
90:What is power quality meter ?
Answer:Power Quality meters are common in
many industrial environment. Small units are now
available for home use as well. They give operators
the ability to monitor the both perturbations on the
power supply, as well as power used within a
building, or by a single machine or appliance. In
some situations, equipment function
and operation is monitored and controlled from a
remote location where communication is via
modem, or high-speed communication lines.So we
can understand the importance of power
measurement through power quality meters.
91:What is the different between digital phase
converter and ordinary phase converter?
Answer:Digital phase converter are a recent
development in phase converter technology that
utilizes proprietary software in a powerful
microprocessor to control solid state power
switching components. This microprocessor, called
a digital signal processor (DSP), monitors the phase
conversion process, continually adjusting the input
and output modules of the converter to maintain
perfectly balanced three-phase power under all load
conditions.
92:Explainthe operation of variablefrequency
transformer?
Answer:A variable frequency transformer is used
to transmit electricity between two asynchronous
alternating current domains. A variable frequency
transformer is a doubly-fed electric machine
resembling a vertical shaft hydroelectric generator
with a three-phase wound rotor, connected by slip
rings to one external ac power circuit. A direct-
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2015
current torque motor is mounted on the same shaft.
Changing the direction of torque applied to the
applied torque, the shaft rotates due to
the difference in frequency between the networks
connected to the rotor and
stator.The variablefrequency transformer behaves
as a continuously adjustable phase-shifting
transformer. It allows control of the power flow
between two networks .
93:What is the main use of rotary phase converter
?
Answer:Rotary phase converter will be converting
single phase power into true balanced 3 phase
power,so it is often called as single phase to three
phase converter .Often the advantages of 3 phase
motors, and other 3 phase equipment, make it
worthwhile to convert single phase to 3 phase so
that small and large consumers need not want to
pay for the extra cost of a 3 phase service but may
still wish to use 3 phase equipment.94Which type
of oil is used as a transformer oil?
Answers:Transformer oil, or insulating oil, is
usually a highly-refined mineral oil that is stable at
high temperatures and has excellent electrical
insulating properties. It is used in oil filled
transformers, some types of high voltage
capacitors, fluorescent lamp ballasts, and some
types of high voltage switches and circuit breakers.
Its functions are to insulate, suppress corona and
arcing, and to serve as a coolant.
Well into the 1970s, polychlorinated biphenyls
(PCB)s were often used as a dielectric fluid since
they are not flammable. They are toxic, and under
incomplete combustion, can form highly toxic
products such as furan. Starting in the early 1970s,
concerns about the toxicity of PCBs have led to
their banning in many countries.
Today, non-toxic, stable silicon-based or
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fluoridated hydrocarbons are used, where the added
expense of a fire-resistant liquid offsets additional
building cost for a transformer vault. Combustion-
resistant vegetable oil-based dielectric coolants and
synthetic pentaerythritol tetra fatty acid (C7, C8)
esters are also becoming increasingly common as
alternatives to naphthenic mineral oil. Esters are
non-toxic to aquatic life, readily biodegradable, and
have a lower volatility and higher flash points than
mineral oil.
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 Electrical interview questions
95: If we give 2334 A, 540V on Primary side of
1.125 MVA step up transformer, then what will be
the Secondary Current, If Secondary Voltage=11
KV?
Answers :As we know the Voltage & current
relation for transformer-V1/V2 = I2/I1
We Know, VI= 540 V; V2=11KV or 11000 V; I1=
2334 Amps.
By putting these value on Relation-
540/11000= I2/2334
So,I2 = 114.5 Amps
96:what are the points to be consider for
MCB(miniature circuit breaker
selection?Answers:I(L)*1.25=I(MAX) maximum
current. Mcb specification are done on maximum
current flow in circuit.
97:what is the full form of KVAR?
Answers:We know there are three types of power
in Electricals as Active, apparent & reactive. So
KVAR is stand for ``Kilo Volt Amps with Reactive
component.
98:What is excitation?
Answer:Excitation is applying an external voltage
to DC shunt coil in DC motors.
99:In three pin plug 6 Amp. 220v AC rating. why
earth pin diameter is higher than ohter two pin?
what its purpose ?
Answer:Because Current flow in the conductor is
inversely proportional to the conductor diameter.
So if any short circuits occur in the system first
high currents bypassed in the Earthling terminal.(
R=Pl/a area of the conductor increases
resistance value decreases)
100:Different between megger and
contact resistance meter?
Answers:Megger used to measure cable resistance,
conductor continuity, phase identification where as
contact resistance meter used to measure low
resistance like relays ,contactors.
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2015
101:When we connect the capacitor bank in series ?
Answers:we connect capacitor bank in series to
improve the voltage profile at the load end in
transmission line there is considerable voltage drop
along the transmission line due toimpedance of the
line. so in order to bring the voltage at the load
terminals within its limits i.e (+ or - %6 )of the
rated terminal voltage the capacitor bank is used in
series
102:What is Diversity factor in electrical
installations?
Answers:Diversity factor is the ratio of the sum of
the individual maximum demands of the various
subdivisions of a system, or part of a system, to the
maximum demand of the whole system, or part of
the system, under consideration. Diversity factor is
usually more than one.
103:Why field rheostat is kept in minimum
position while armature rheostat at maximum
position?
Answers:In motors at the time of starting the
armature resistance is introduced to reduce the high
starting current and the field resistance is kept
minimum to have high starting torque.
104:Why humming sound occurred in h HT
transmission line?
Answers:This sound is coming due to ionization
(breakdown of air into charged particles) of air
around transmission conductor. This effect is called
as Corona effect, and it is considered as power loss.
105:what is rated speed?
Answers:At the time of motor taking normal
current (rated current)the speed of the motor is
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called rated speed. It is a speed at which any system
take small current and give maximum efficiency.
106:What is different between grounding and
earthings?
Answers:Grounding means connecting the neutral
point of the load to the ground to carry the residual
current in case of unbalanced conditions through
the neutral to the ground whereas earthing is done
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 Electrical interview questions 2015

in an electric equipment in order to protect he

equipment in occurence of fault in the system.

107:Why should be the frequency is 50 hz only

why not others like 45, 95 56 or anything , why
should we maintain the frequency constant if so
why it is only 50 ?

Answers:We can have the frequency at any

frequency you like, but than you must also make
your own motors, transformers or any other
equipment you want to use.We maintain the
frequency at 50hz or 60hz cos the world maintains
a standard at 50 /60hz and the equipments are are
made to operate at these frequency.

108:Why transformer rating in KVA instead of

KW?

Any device is rated depending on losses of the

machine. In a transformer the losses are iron losses
which depends on voltage and copper losses which
depends on current so there are no losses which
depend on power factor hence transformer is rated
in KVA.

There are 2 losses in transformer. One is copper

loss which depends on current and the other is iron
loss which depends on voltage. These two factors
are not affected by the power factor. This is why
transformers are rated in KVA and not KW. Single
phase KVA = Amps x Volts/1000. Single phase
KW = Amps x Volts x pf/1000. 3 phase KVA =
Amps x Volts x 1.73/1000. 3 phase KW = Amps x
Volts x 1.73 x pf/1000

yes there are two type of losses in transformer is

that ohmic losses and core losses . ohmic losses due
February 7, 2015

to transformer current and core losses due to

transformer voltage. these losses are due to
transformer voltage and current. and these losses
not depends on load ie kw that's the way its rating
in kva..

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