AIR CRAFTS HYDRAULIC

SYSTEM
PRESENTED BY

M.SRINIVAS

UNDERGUIDENCE

V.SYAM PRASAD
 INTRODUCTION
Hydraulics is based on the fact that liquids are
incompressible
Hydraulic system is a system where liquid under
pressure is used to transmit energy
In it a hydraulic pump converts mechanical
power to hydraulic power
An actuating cylinder converts hydraulic power
to mechanical power.
A SIMPLE HYDRAULIC SYSTEM
 DEVICES USING HYDRAULIC SYSTEMS IN
AIRCRAFTS
Gun turrets
Auto pilot
Shock absorption systems
Dive, landing, speed and flap brakes
Bomb bay doors
Doors and hatchways
Landing gears, wing flaps, etc

PRINCIPLES OF OPERATION

Governed by Pascals law

The oil is in contact with both sides of the
piston head but at different pressures. High
pressure oil may be pumped into either side of
the piston head.
 The selector valve determines to which side of
the actuating cylinder the high pressure oil (red
colored side) is sent.

PARTS OF THE POWER SYSTEM

RESERVOIR
ACCUMULATOR
FILTER
POWER PUMP
SYSTEM RELIEF VALVE
PRESSURE REGULATOR
RESERVOIR
FUNCTIONS
Holds reserve supply oil to account for normal
leakage, emergency supply of oil, volume
changes, thermal contraction of oil,
Provides pressure head on the pump, a place to
remove air or foam from liquid, air space for
 expansion of the oil due to temperature
changes
etc

CONSTRUCTION
Material: 5052 aluminium
Size: takes into account all oil volumes in
operational requirements, thermal
expansion, leakage, etc.
Shape: domed cylindrical shape, due to ease
of construction & mounting
ACCUMULATORS
PRINCIPLE
Gas valve lets in compressed gas at system
pressure
Diaphragm pops up & oil is sent through system
 When system pressure>accumulator pressure,
diaphragm deploys

USES
Absorbs the shocks due to rapid pressure
variations in a hydraulic system
Helps maintain a constant pressure within the
hydraulic system
Helps the hydraulic pump under peak pressure
loads
 It is an emergency source of power
Spherical shape is preferred for accumulators
POWER PUMPS
FUNCTION
Is to change mechanical horsepower to
hydraulic horsepower
TYPES
Gear pumps: move fluid based upon the
number of gear teeth and the volume spacing
between gear teeth.
Piston pumps: move fluid by pushing it through
the motion of the pistons within the pump
POWER PUMPS
PRINCIPLES OF GEAR PUMPS
The liquid from the reservoir is pushed between
the gear teeth.
 The oil is moved around to the other side by the
action of the drive gear itself and sent through
the pressure line.
PRINCIPLES OF RECIPROCATING PISTON PUMP
As the cylinder block rotates, space between
the block and the pistons increase, letting in
more oil.
As the block rotates from bottom dead center,
the reverse occurs and the pistons push oil out
through the outlet
SYSTEM RELIEF VALVE:
PRINCIPLE
The adjustment screw is set for a certain
pressure value P2.
When the pressure increases, the poppet will
move up, forcing the excess liquid in
 DOUGLASS PRESSURE REGULATOR
high pressure oil from the power pump opens
valve C and also act on piston A
piston A pushes Ball B off seat D, the oil goes
through passage D into the center chamber
back to the reservoir.
 Selector Valves :
Position (1) is the position of the selector valve,
for example, upon the extension of the landing
gear or the lowering of flaps.
Position (2) is the position of the selector valve
upon retraction of the landing gear or the
raising of the flaps
FLOW EQUALISER
If wing air loads on one wing are greater than
on other, during wing sweep back or sweep
forward, motion occurs unevenly.
 To synchronize wing sweep back or sweep
forward flow equaliser used
flow equalizer is made up of two power pumps
placed side by side in which the drive gears of
both pumps are connected
ACTUATION CYLINDER:
The function is to take the pressure & hydraulic
fluid flow & change them into linear or rotary
motion.
Single piston double rod is an equal
displacement cylinder used in aileron system or
automatic guidance system
Double piston-double rod actuating cylinder
used in bomb bay doors
ADVANTAGES :
It is lighter in weight than alternate existing
systems.
 It is dead beat, that is, there is an absence of
sloppiness in its response to demands placed on
the system.
It is reliable; either it works or doesn't.
It can be easily maintained.
It is not a shock hazard; it is not much of a fire
hazard.
It can develop practically unlimited force or
torque.
CONCLUSION :
Hydraulic systems determine flight worthiness,
usability and reliabity.
THANK YOU