Pneumatic Systems

Module 3: Logic Operations in Electro-

pneumatics

PREPARED BY

IAT Curriculum Unit

August 2008

Institute of Applied Technology, 2008

AT0000 Pneumatic Systems

2 Module 3: Logic Operations in Electro-pneumatics

 AT0000 Pneumatic Systems

Module 3: Logic Operations in Electro-

pneumatics

Module Objectives

The students will be familiar with:

1- A range of electric components.
2- A range of electro-pneumatic components.
3- Simple AND/OR circuits.
4- Latching circuits.

Module Contents
1 Logic operations-OR circuit P4
2 Logic operations-AND circuit P5
3 Experiment 1 P6
4 Experiment 2 P9
5 Experiment 3 P12
6 Assignments P15
7 Latching P18
8 Experiment 4 P19
9 Assignments P21

Module 3: Logic Operations in Electro-pneumatics 3

AT0000 Pneumatic Systems

Logic Operations

In order to produce the required

movements by pneumatic cylinders, it is
often necessary to combine signals from
several control elements through logic
operations such as:
4 2
1. OR circuits
2. AND circuits. Y1
5 3
1
The OR circuit
The OR circuit has two inputs and a single
output. The output will be at logic 1 if
either or both inputs are 1.
a)Pneumatic circuit
The aim is to be able to extend the piston
rod of a cylinder with two different input
elements, pushbutton S1 and S2. +24V 1 2 3

The contacts of the pushbuttons S1 and 3 3

S2 are arranged in parallel in the circuit S1 S2
diagram, Fig. 3.1-b. 4 4
As long as no pushbutton is pressed,
the DCV remains in the normal
position. The piston rod is retracted. Y1
If at least one of the two pushbuttons
0V
is pressed, the DCV switches to the
actuated position. The piston rod
advances. b)Electric circuit
When both switches are released. The
DCV switches to the normal position.
Fig. 3.1: Parallel connection
The piston rod is retracted.
of two contacts (OR circuit).
Lets consider the following values are
valid :
0: push buttons are not pressed, S1 S2 Y1
piston rod doesnt advance. 0 0 0
1: push button pressed or piston 1 0 1
rod advances. 0 1 1
1 1 1
Then above results are shown in the truth
table, Fig. 3.2 Fig. 3.2: Truth table-OR
circuit.

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Logic Operations

The AND circuit

The AND circuit has two inputs and a
single output. The output is at logic 1
only when both inputs are only at logic
1. 4 2

Y1
In this case the piston rod of a cylinder is 5 3
1
to be advanced only if both pushbuttons
S1 and S2 are pressed. The Two
pushbutton switches are arranged in
series in the circuit diagram, Fig. 3.3-b.
a)Pneumatic circuit
As long as neither or only one of the
two pushbuttons is pressed, the DCV +24V 1
remains in the normal position. The
3
piston rod is retracted.
S1
4
If both pushbuttons are pressed at the 3
same time, the DCV switches to the S2
actuated position. The piston rod 4
advances.
Y1

0V
When at least one of the switches is
released, the DCV switches to the
normal position. The piston rod b)Electric circuit
retracted.
Fig. 3.3: Series connection
of two contacts (AND
The truth table for the AND operation is circuit).
illustrated in the table, Fig. 3.4.
S1 S2 Y1
0 0 0
1 0 0
0 1 0
1 1 1

Fig. 3.4: Truth table-AND

circuit

Module 3: Logic Operations in Electro-pneumatics 5

AT0000 Pneumatic Systems

Experiment # 1

Title

An OR/AND electric circuit to directly control a double acting cylinder by

using 5/2 DCV, single solenoid.

Objectives

Students to be familiar with:

1- Double acting cylinder.
2- 5/2 way valve double solenoid.
3- Direct control circuit with AND/OR.

Background

The electric circuits OR/AND will replace the mechanical OR/AND valves
to actuate a directional valve either by pressing any two switches
together (AND circuit), or by pressing any one of two switches (OR
circuit).

Required components

SR. Name Qty.

1 Double acting cylinder 1
2 5/2 Directional control valve, single solenoid 1
3 Power supply 1
4 Switches block 1

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 AT0000 Pneumatic Systems

Procedure `

1. Connect the pneumatic circuit

according to the pneumatic circuit
a).
2. Connect the electric circuit
according to the electric circuit b).
3. Check that all the parts are
connected properly with each
other. 4 2

4. Switch the power supply on and Y1

open the service unit. 5 3
1
5. Press switch S1. Does the cylinder
extend? Why?


a) Pneumatic circuit

+24V 1

3
6. Release switch S1 and press switch S1
S2, does the cylinder extend?
4
Why? 3
S2
4

Y1
0V

7. Press the two switches S1 and S2
b) AND circuits
together. Does the cylinder
extend? Why?


..

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AT0000 Pneumatic Systems

Procedure
8. For the same pneumatic circuit, connect
the electric circuit according to the +24V 1 2 3
electric circuit c).
3 3
9. Check that all the parts are connected
properly with each other. S1 S2

10. Switch the power supply on and open 4 4

the service unit.
11. Press switch S1. Does the cylinder
extend? Why?
Y1


0V

12. Release switch S1 and press switch c) OR circuit
S2. Does the cylinder extend? Why?



13. Press the two switches S1 and S2
together. Does the cylinder extend?
Why.



14. Turn the power off and close the
service unit.
15. Dismantle and tidy up

Conclusion

...
.
...
.
...
.
.

8 Module 3: Logic Operations in Electro-pneumatics

 AT0000 Pneumatic Systems

Experiment # 2

Title

An OR/AND electric circuit to directly control a double acting cylinder by

using 5/2 DCV, double solenoid

Objectives

Students to be familiar with:

1. Double acting cylinder.
2. 5/2 way valve, double solenoid.
3. Direct control circuit with AND/OR.

Background

The electric circuits OR/AND will replace the mechanical OR/AND valves
to actuate a directional valve either by pressing any two switches
together (AND circuit), or by pressing any one of two switches (OR
circuit).

Required components

SR. Name Qty.

1 Double acting cylinder 1
2 5/2 way valve, double solenoid 1
3 Power supply 1
4 Switches block 2

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AT0000 Pneumatic Systems

Procedure

1. Connect the pneumatic circuit

according to the pneumatic circuit a).
2. Connect the electric circuit according
to the electric circuit b).
4 2
3. Check that all the parts are connected
properly with each other. Y1 Y2
5 3
4. Switch the power supply on and open 1
the service unit.
5. Press switch S1. Does the cylinder
extend? Why?
a) Pneumatic circuit




6. Release switch S1 and press switch +24V 1 2
S2. Does the cylinder extend? Why?
3 3

S1 S3
4 4
3 3

7. Press the two switches S1 and S2 S2 S4

together. Does the cylinder extend? 4 4
Why.
Y1 Y2

0V


b) AND circuit
8. If the cylinder piston extended from
the previous steps, propose how to
retract it.

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 AT0000 Pneumatic Systems

Procedure
9. For the same pneumatic circuit,
connect the electric circuit +24V 1 3 4 6
according to the electric circuit c).
10. Check that all the parts are
connected properly with each 3 3 3 3
other. S1 S2 S3 S4
11. Switch the power supply on and 4 4 4 4
open the service unit.
12. Press switch S1. Does the
Y1 Y2
cylinder extend? Why.
0V

c) OR circuit

13. Release Switch S1 and press
switch S2, does the cylinder
extend? Why?



14. Press the two switches S1 and
S2 together. Does the cylinder
extend? Why?


.
15. If the cylinder piston extended
from the previous steps, propose
how to retract it.



16. Turn the power off and close
the service unit.
17. Dismantle and tidy up.
Conclusion

...
...
Module 3: Logic Operations in Electro-pneumatics 11
AT0000 Pneumatic Systems

Experiment # 3

Title

An OR/AND electric circuit to indirectly control a double acting cylinder by

using 5/2 DCV, double solenoid.

Objectives

Students to be familiar with:

1. Double acting cylinder.
2. 5/2 way valve double solenoid.
3. Direct control circuit with AND/OR.

Background

The electric circuits OR/AND will replace the mechanical OR/AND valves
to actuate a directional valve either by pressing any two switches
together (AND circuit), or by pressing any one of two switches (OR
circuit). The circuit is controlled indirectly using a relay.

Required components

SR. Name Qty.

1 Double acting cylinder 1
2 5/2 way valve single solenoid 1
3 Power supply 1
4 Switches block 1
5 Relays block 1

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 AT0000 Pneumatic Systems

Procedure
1. Connect the pneumatic circuit
according to the pneumatic circuit a).
2. Connect the electric circuit according
to the electric circuit b).
4 2
3. Check that all the parts are connected
Y1 Y2
properly with each other. 5 3
1
4. Switch the power supply on and open
the service unit.
5. Press switch S1. Does the cylinder
extend? Why?
a) Pneumatic circuit

+24V1 2 3 4

3 3 3 3
S1 K1 S3 K2
6. Release switch S1 and press switch 4 4 4 4
3 3
S2. Does the cylinder extend? Why?
S2 S4
4 4

A1 A1

K1 Y1 K2 Y2

A2 A2
7. Press the two switches S1 and S2 0V
together. Does the cylinder extend?
Why?
2 4


b) AND circuit


8. If the cylinder piston extended from
the previous steps, propose how to
retract it.

Module 3: Logic Operations in Electro-pneumatics 13

AT0000 Pneumatic Systems

Procedure
9. For the same pneumatic circuit,
connect the electric circuit
according to the electric circuit c).
+24V 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
10. Check that all the parts are
connected properly with each
other. 3 3 3 3 3 3
S1 S2 K1 S3 S4 K2
11. Switch the power supply on and
4 4 4 4 4 4
open the service unit.
12. Press switch S1, does the
cylinder extend? Why?
. A1 A1
. K1 Y1 K2 Y2
. A2 A2
0V
13. Release switch S1 and press
switch S2. Does the cylinder
extend? Why? 4 8
.
.
c) OR circuit
.
14. Press the two switches S1 and
S2 together. Does the cylinder
extend? Why?



15. If the cylinder piston extended
from the previous steps, propose
how to retract it.



16. Turn the power off and close
the service unit.
17. Dismantle and tidy up.
Conclusion

..
..

14 Module 3: Logic Operations in Electro-pneumatics

 AT0000 Pneumatic Systems

Assignment 1: Class work

1. Give an application example of where an AND circuit is used.



..
2. Give an application example of where an OR circuit is used.



3. The circuit below illustrates an electro-pneumatic system, answer the
following questions :
+24V 1 2 3 4

3 3 3
S1 S3 K1
4 4 4
4 2 3
Y1 S2
5 3 4
1
A1
K1 Y1
0V A2

a) Explain how to extend and retract the cylinder.

b) For the electro- pneumatic system above, write the truth table.

...

Module 3: Logic Operations in Electro-pneumatics 15

AT0000 Pneumatic Systems

Assignment 2: Home Work

1. The circuit below illustrates an electro-pneumatic system. Answer the

following questions:
+24V 1 2 3 4 5 6

3 3 3 3 3
S1 S2 K1 S3 K2
4 4 4 4 4
4 2

Y1 Y2
5 3 A1 A1
1
K1 Y1 K2 Y2
A2 A2
0V

4 6
Pneumatic circuit Electric circuit

a) Is the electric circuit above direct or indirect? Explain why.

b) What is the name of the part which is labeled as Y1?


..
c) How to extend the piston of the above cylinder?




d) How to retract the piston above cylinder?

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 AT0000 Pneumatic Systems

2. The truth table below represents a logic circuit controlling a single

solenoid 5/2 DCV, based on the table below draw the electric and the
pneumatic circuit.
S1 S2 S3 Y1
0 0 0 0
1 0 0 0
0 1 0 0
0 0 1 0
1 1 0 0
1 0 1 1
0 1 1 1
1 1 1 1

..



..

..



..

..



..

Module 3: Logic Operations in Electro-pneumatics 17

AT0000 Pneumatic Systems

Relay Circuits with Latching +24V 1 2

3
Sometimes, it is required to keep the 13
K1
circuit powered, for a certain function,
ON
even though a pushbutton switch is 4
released to the open position. In order to 14 1
achieve this latching circuit, a relay is OFF
introduced, see Fig. 3.5.
2
When the ON pushbutton is actuated A1
Fig. 3.5-a, the relay coil is energized.
The relay is energized, and contact K1 K1
closes. After the ON pushbutton is A2
0V
released, current continues to flow via
contact K1 through the coil, and the
relay remains in the actuated position.
The on signal is stored. This is
2
therefore a relay circuit with latching
function. a) Dominant ON

When the OFF pushbutton is pressed the +24V 1 2

flow of current is interrupted and the
3
relay becomes de-energized. 13 K1
ON 4
If the ON and OFF pushbuttons are 14
both pressed at the same time, the relay
coil is energized, thats why the circuit
1
Fig. 3.5-a is called a dominant ON
OFF
latching circuit.
2
A1
The circuit in Fig. 3.5-b has the same K1
behavior as the previous circuit. The
A2
behavior is different when both
0V
pushbuttons are pressed simultaneously:
the relay coil is not energized. The circuit
is referred to as a dominant OFF
latching circuit. 2

b) Dominant OFF

Fig. 3.5: Relay circuit with

latching

18 Module 3: Logic Operations in Electro-pneumatics

 AT0000 Pneumatic Systems

Experiment # 4

Title

Manual forward and return stroke control via relay with latching function.

Objectives

The student will be familiar with Latching.

Background

In this experiment the piston rod of a cylinder is to advance when

pushbutton S1 is pressed and retract when pushbutton S2 is pressed. A
relay with latching function is to be used for signal storage.

Required components

SR. Name Qty.

1 Double acting cylinder 1
2 5/2 DCV, single solenoid 1
3 Power supply 1
4 Switches block 1
5 Relays block 1

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AT0000 Pneumatic Systems

Procedure
1. Connect the pneumatic circuit
according to the pneumatic circuit a).
2. Connect the electric circuit according
to the electric circuit b).
3. Check that all the parts are connected 4 2
properly with each other.
4. Switch the power supply on and open Y1
the service unit. 5 3
1
5. Press switch S1. Does the cylinder
extend? Why?
.

6. Release switch S1. Does the cylinder a) Pneumatic circuit
retract? Why? b)
+24V 1 2 3

3
13 K1
S1 4
7. Press the switch S2. Comment about 14 3
K1
the cylinder movement. 4
1
S2
2
A1
K1 Y1
8. Remove the circuit branch no. 2 A2
(cancel latching), and press/release 0V
S1. Explain what happens to cylinder.

2
3

18. Turn the power off and close the b) Electrical circuit
service unit.
19. Dismantle and tidy up.
Conclusion

...
.
...

20 Module 3: Logic Operations in Electro-pneumatics

 AT0000 Pneumatic Systems

Assignment 3: Class work

1. Explain briefly the meaning of latching.



..
2. The circuit below illustrates an electro-pneumatic system. Answer the
following questions.
+24V 1 2 3
3
13 K1
S1 4
14 3
K1
4 2 4
1
S2
Y1 2
5 3 A1
1 K1 Y1
A2
0V

2
3

a) Which one is the latching circuit? Indicate the circuit number.

b) What type of switch are switches S1 and S2?


c) What is the meaning of the symbol shown under circuit 1?


d) What is the function of switch S2?


e) How to extend and retract the cylinder piston?

Module 3: Logic Operations in Electro-pneumatics 21

AT0000 Pneumatic Systems

Assignment 4: Home Work

The circuit below illustrates an electro-pneumatic system. Answer the

following questions:
+24V 1 2 3 4

3
13 13 K1
S1 S2 4
14 14 3
K2
4 2 4
1 A1
Y1
S3 K2
5 3
1 A2
2

A1 Y1
K1
0V A2

3 4

a) Is the electric circuit above direct or indirect? Why?

b) Which circuit is controlled by circuit no 2?

..
c) Write down the latching circuit no.

..
d) It is not possible to unlatch the above circuit, explain why?

..
e) Explain, how to extend the piston of the above cylinder?


f) Explain, how to retract the above cylinder, if possible?

22 Module 3: Logic Operations in Electro-pneumatics