CP LAB MANUAL

Introduction to C

C is a general purpose, structured programming language. C resembles other high-

level structured programming languages. C also contains additional futures,
however that allow it to be used at a lower level, thus bridges the gap between
machine language and high-level languages.

C has relatively small instruction set.

It has large number of library functions.
It allows user to write additional library functions.
C compilers are commonly available for computers of all sizes.
C programs are highly portable.

History of C

C is programming language developed at AT & Ts Bell laboratories of USA in

1972.It was designed and written by a man named Dennis Ritchie.
Various stages of evaluation of C:

Year Language Developed By Remarks

1960 ALGOL International committee Too general, too abstract
1963 CPL Cambridge University Hard to learn, difficult to
implement
1967 BCPL Martin Richards at Could deal with only
specific
Cambridge University problems
1970 B Ken Thompson at AT & T Could deal with only
specific
problems
1972 C Dennis Ritchie at AT & T Lost generality of BCPL
and B
restored

Hardware requirement for C

C can be run on PC, PC/XT, PC/AT, PC/AT386, PC/AT486 or any latest PC.

Software requirements for C

You should use MS-DOS operating system, or greater. You will need any C
compiler like Borland C, Turbo C etc.

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Flow Chart
Symbol Name Purpose

It represents the beginning or the end of

Terminal
program.

Processing It represents calculation, initializing and other

processing function.

Input / Output It is used to represents the input/output in the

program

Decision It represents a decision, logical, arithmetical

or comparison and depicts the alternate paths
to be followed based on decision.

This indicates, in a long flowchart how

Onpage Connector
various branches or parts are connected

Flow It indicates the direction of program flow.

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Algorithm
In order to solve a problem using a computer it is necessary to develop step by step
method. Algorithm is nothing but a sequence of precise and unambiguous instructions
to solve a problem in a finite number of operations.

Program: Program to calculate area of a circle, get radius from the user.

Algorithm:
Step 1: Read radius.
Step 2: Let Area = 3.14 * radius * radius.
Step 3: Display Area.
Step 4: Stop.

Flow chart:
Start

Input

Area = 3.14 * r*r

Area

Stop

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1.2 Draw flowchart to find maximum number from two numbers.

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1.3 Draw flochart to find sum of 10 numbers.

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1.4 Draw flochart to multiply given three numbers.

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1.5 Write an algorithm to find average of three numbers.

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1.6 Write an algorithm to find whether given number is positive or negative.

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1.7 Write an algorithm to find out minimum number from two numbers.

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1.8 Write an algorithm to find perimeter of circle.

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Unit 2

How to Create a New File?

Step 1: Open Terminal and write
gedit fileName.c
How to Save the File?
Step 1: ctrl+s
How to Compile a program?
Step 1: gcc fileName.c or gcc -o fileName fileName.c
How to Run a program?
Step 1: ./a.out or ./fileName
How to Open an existing File?
Step 1: gedit filename.c

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Write a C program to print your college name.

collegename.c

#include<stdio.h>
int main()
{
printf("OM Institute of Engineering & Technology \n");
printf("Junagadh");
}

To Compile:
gcc -o collegename collegename.c

To Run:
./collegename

Output:
OM Institute of Engineering & Technology
Junagadh

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2.1 Write a program to print your name & address.

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2.2 Write a program to add given three numbers.

#include<stdio.h>
void main()
{
int no1,no2,no3,sum;
printf("Enter the value of no1::");
scanf("%d",&no1);
printf("Enter the value of no2::");
scanf("%d",&no2);
printf("Enter the value of no3::");
scanf("%d",&no3);
sum=no1+no2+no3;
printf(Sum of three Number::%d,sum);
}

Output:
Enter the value of no1:: 10
Enter the value of no2:: 20
Enter the value of no3:: 30
Sum of three Number:: 60

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2.3 Write a program to find area of circle.

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2.4 Write a program to perform addition,subtraction,multiplication & division.

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2.5 Write a program to find the area of rectangle.

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Unit:3
3.1 Write a c program to demonstrate various datatypes.

#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
int integerType;
float floatType;
double doubleType;
char charType;

// Sizeof operator is used to evaluate the size of a variable

printf("Size of int: %ld bytes\n",sizeof(integerType));
printf("Size of float: %ld bytes\n",sizeof(floatType));
printf("Size of double: %ld bytes\n",sizeof(doubleType));
printf("Size of char: %ld byte\n",sizeof(charType));

return 0;
}

Output:

Size of int: 4 bytes

Size of float: 4 bytes
Size of double: 8 bytes
Size of char: 1 byte

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3.2 Write a program to find the average from given three numbers.

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3.3 Write a program to swap value of two numbers without using third variable.

#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
int x = 10, y = 5;

// Code to swap 'x' and 'y'

x = x + y; // x now becomes 15
y = x - y; // y becomes 10
x = x - y; // x becomes 5

printf("After Swapping: x = %d, y = %d", x, y);

}

Output:
After Swapping: x = 5, y = 10

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3.4 Write a program which will calculate y=xn making use of a valid library
function.

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Unit: 4
4.1 Write a program to find whether given number is odd or even.

#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
int number;

printf("Enter an integer: ");

scanf("%d",&number);

// True if the number is perfectly divisible by 2

if(number%2 == 0)
printf("%d is even.", number);
else
printf("%d is odd.", number);

return 0;
}

Output:
Enter an integer: 7
7 is odd.

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4.2 Write a program to find whether given number is positive,negative or zero.

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4.3 Write a program to find maximum from two numbers.

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4.4 Write a program to find maximum from three numbers.

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4.5 Write a program to check whether input year is leap year or not.

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4.6 Write a program to enter days and convert it into month and days.

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4.7 Write a program to display crud operation using switch case statement.

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4.8 Write a program to print first 10 even numbers.

#include <stdio.h>
void main ()
{
int i;
printf(" Program to print out the first 10 even numbers \n");
for (i=0; i<=20; i+=2)
{
printf (" %d ",i);
}

}
Output:
Program to print out the first 10 even numbers
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20

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Unit: 5

5.1 Write a program to find factorial number of given number

#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
int n, i;
unsigned long long factorial = 1;

printf("Enter an integer: ");

scanf("%d",&n);

// show error if the user enters a negative integer

if (n < 0)
printf("Error! Factorial of a negative number doesn't exist.");

else
{
for(i=1; i<=n; ++i)
{
factorial *= i; // factorial = factorial*i;
}
printf("Factorial of %d = %llu", n, factorial);
}

return 0;
}

Output:
Enter an integer: 10
Factorial of 10 = 3628800

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5.2 Write a program to display fibonaci series.

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5.3 Write a program to print the total of 1 to 50 using for loop.

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5.4 Write a program to print 1,2,4,8,16,32,64.

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5.5 Write a program to print 10 to 1.

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5.6 Write a program to make a following pattern.

1
12
123
1234
12345

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5.7 Write a program to find power of given number.

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5.8 Write a program to print 1 to 10 numbers using while loop.

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5.9 Write a program to print 1 to 10 numbers using do while loop.

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Unit 6:
6.1 Write a program to create an array of n integer.Enter for n elements and
display it.

#include <stdio.h>

int main()
{
int n,array[n],c;

printf("Enter number of elements in array\n");

scanf("%d", &n);

printf("Enter %d elements\n", n);

for (c = 0; c < n; c++)

scanf("%d", &array[c]);

printf("Elements in array:\n");

for (c = 0; c < n; c++)

printf("%d\n", array[c]);

return 0;
}

Output:
Enter number of elements in array
5
Enter 5 elements
10
20
30
40
50
Elements in array:
10
20
30
40
50

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6.2 Write a progam to find sum of all the elements of array.

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6.3 Write a program to find largest and smallest number from an array of n
elements.

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6.4 Write a program to input 5 character and print it in reverse order.

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