http://aprendeenlinea.udea.edu.co/lms/extension/course/enrol.php?

id=346

Edgar

Cuenta: 10768743

Clave: kiO6Kd6x_8

Carlos Mario
El usuario: mario.paternina
clave: bevewe21

Ema

Clave ema. rodriguez

Contrasea xehipa59

So why do we learn mathematics? Essentially, for three reasons: calculation, application,

and last, and unfortunately least in terms of the time we give it, inspiration.

00:27

Mathematics is the science of patterns, and we study it to learn how to think logically,
critically and creatively, but too much of the mathematics that we learn in school is not
effectively motivated, and when our students ask, "Why are we learning this?" then they
often hear that they'll need it in an upcoming math class or on a future test. But wouldn't
it be great if every once in a while we did mathematics simply because it was fun or
beautiful or because it excited the mind? Now, I know many people have not had the
opportunity to see how this can happen, so let me give you a quick example with my
favorite collection of numbers, the Fibonacci numbers. (Applause)

01:09

Yeah! I already have Fibonacci fans here. That's great.

01:12

Now these numbers can be appreciated in many different ways. From the standpoint of
calculation, they're as easy to understand as one plus one, which is two. Then one plus
two is three, two plus three is five, three plus five is eight, and so on. Indeed, the person
we call Fibonacci was actually named Leonardo of Pisa, and these numbers appear in his
book "Liber Abaci," which taught the Western world the methods of arithmetic that we
use today. In terms of applications, Fibonacci numbers appear in nature surprisingly often.
The number of petals on a flower is typically a Fibonacci number, or the number of spirals
on a sunflower or a pineapple tends to be a Fibonacci number as well.
01:59

In fact, there are many more applications of Fibonacci numbers, but what I find most
inspirational about them are the beautiful number patterns they display. Let me show you
one of my favorites. Suppose you like to square numbers, and frankly, who doesn't?
(Laughter)

02:15

Let's look at the squares of the first few Fibonacci numbers. So one squared is one, two
squared is four, three squared is nine, five squared is 25, and so on. Now, it's no surprise
that when you add consecutive Fibonacci numbers, you get the next Fibonacci number.
Right? That's how they're created. But you wouldn't expect anything special to happen
when you add the squares together. But check this out. One plus one gives us two, and
one plus four gives us five. And four plus nine is 13, nine plus 25 is 34, and yes, the pattern
continues.

02:53

In fact, here's another one. Suppose you wanted to look at adding the squares of the first
few Fibonacci numbers. Let's see what we get there. So one plus one plus four is six. Add
nine to that, we get 15. Add 25, we get 40. Add 64, we get 104. Now look at those
numbers. Those are not Fibonacci numbers, but if you look at them closely, you'll see the
Fibonacci numbers buried inside of them.

03:21

Do you see it? I'll show it to you. Six is two times three, 15 is three times five, 40 is five
times eight, two, three, five, eight, who do we appreciate?

03:32

(Laughter)

03:33

Fibonacci! Of course.

03:35

Now, as much fun as it is to discover these patterns, it's even more satisfying to
understand why they are true. Let's look at that last equation. Why should the squares of
one, one, two, three, five and eight add up to eight times 13? I'll show you by drawing a
simple picture. We'll start with a one-by-one square and next to that put another one-by-
one square. Together, they form a one-by-two rectangle. Beneath that, I'll put a two-by-
two square, and next to that, a three-by-three square, beneath that, a five-by-five square,
and then an eight-by-eight square, creating one giant rectangle, right?

04:17

Now let me ask you a simple question: what is the area of the rectangle? Well, on the one
hand, it's the sum of the areas of the squares inside it, right? Just as we created it. It's one
squared plus one squared plus two squared plus three squared plus five squared plus
eight squared. Right? That's the area. On the other hand, because it's a rectangle, the area
is equal to its height times its base, and the height is clearly eight, and the base is five plus
eight, which is the next Fibonacci number, 13. Right? So the area is also eight times 13.
Since we've correctly calculated the area two different ways, they have to be the same
number, and that's why the squares of one, one, two, three, five and eight add up to eight
times 13.

05:09

Now, if we continue this process, we'll generate rectangles of the form 13 by 21, 21 by 34,
and so on.

05:18

Now check this out. If you divide 13 by eight, you get 1.625. And if you divide the larger
number by the smaller number, then these ratios get closer and closer to about 1.618,
known to many people as the Golden Ratio, a number which has fascinated
mathematicians, scientists and artists for centuries.

05:41

Now, I show all this to you because, like so much of mathematics, there's a beautiful side
to it that I fear does not get enough attention in our schools. We spend lots of time
learning about calculation, but let's not forget about application, including, perhaps, the
most important application of all, learning how to think.

06:02

If I could summarize this in one sentence, it would be this: Mathematics is not just solving
for x, it's also figuring out why.

06:12

Thank you very much.

1. Why is It funny to say that everybody wants to square numbers?

Because in them can discover these patterns and it's more satisfying to understand why
they are true.

2. How are Fibonacci numbers formed?

-Adding the latest two numbers to get the next one.

-With a set of numbers that starts with a one or a zero, followed by a one, and proceeds based on
the rule that each number is equal to the sum of the preceding two numbers.

3. Why are these numbers amazing?

Because we can find the next number adding up the two numbers before it and they are
easier to understand.

4. Why are these numbers important?

Because they have many interesting and mysterious relationships in nature.

Because this serie has a tendency of occuring in nature a lot.

5. Why shouldn't teachers forget application of math at school?

Because with it they should teach to learn how to think and also figuring out why solve
mathematics problems.
1. The pattern of Fibonacci numbers is shown in nature surprisingly often. The number of
petals on a flower or the number of spirals on a sunflower or a pineapple.

2. We learn Mathematics because we can learn how to think logically, critically and
creatively.
3. Fibonacci was actually named Leonardo of Pisa,
4. When students ask why we study Math, the answer is that they'll need it in an
upcoming math class or on a future test.
5. Mathematics is, essentially, not just solving for x, it's also figuring out why.

In many patriarchal societies and tribal societies, fathers are usually known by their sons,
but I'm one of the few fathers who is known by his daughter, and I am proud of it.
00:28
(Applause)
00:34
Malala started her campaign for education and stood for her rights in 2007, and when her
efforts were honored in 2011, and she was given the national youth peace prize, and she
became a very famous, very popular young girl of her country. Before that, she was my
daughter, but now I am her father. Ladies and gentlemen, if we glance to human history,
the story of women is the story of injustice, inequality, violence and exploitation. You see,
in patriarchal societies, right from the very beginning, when a girl is born, her birth is not
celebrated. She is not welcomed, neither by father nor by mother. The neighborhood
comes and commiserates with the mother, and nobody congratulates the father. And a
mother is very uncomfortable for having a girl child. When she gives birth to the first girl
child, first daughter, she is sad. When she gives birth to the second daughter, she is
shocked, and in the expectation of a son, when she gives birth to a third daughter, she
feels guilty like a criminal.
02:23
Not only the mother suffers, but the daughter, the newly born daughter, when she grows
old, she suffers too. At the age of five, while she should be going to school, she stays at
home and her brothers are admitted in a school. Until the age of 12, somehow, she has a
good life. She can have fun. She can play with her friends in the streets, and she can move
around in the streets like a butterfly. But when she enters her teens, when she becomes
13 years old, she is forbidden to go out of her home without a male escort. She is confined
under the four walls of her home. She is no more a free individual. She becomes the so-
called honor of her father and of her brothers and of her family, and if she transgresses
the code of that so-called honor, she could even be killed.
03:43
And it is also interesting that this so-called code of honor, it does not only affect the life of
a girl, it also affects the life of the male members of the family. I know a family of seven
sisters and one brother, and that one brother, he has migrated to the Gulf countries, to
earn a living for his seven sisters and parents, because he thinks that it will be humiliating
if his seven sisters learn a skill and they go out of the home and earn some livelihood. So
this brother, he sacrifices the joys of his life and the happiness of his sisters at the altar of
so-called honor.
04:44
And there is one more norm of the patriarchal societies that is called obedience. A good
girl is supposed to be very quiet, very humble and very submissive. It is the criteria. The
role model good girl should be very quiet. She is supposed to be silent and she is supposed
to accept the decisions of her father and mother and the decisions of elders, even if she
does not like them. If she is married to a man she doesn't like or if she is married to an old
man, she has to accept, because she does not want to be dubbed as disobedient. If she is
married very early, she has to accept. Otherwise, she will be called disobedient. And what
happens at the end? In the words of a poetess, she is wedded, bedded, and then she gives
birth to more sons and daughters. And it is the irony of the situation that this mother, she
teaches the same lesson of obedience to her daughter and the same lesson of honor to
her sons. And this vicious cycle goes on, goes on.
06:16
Ladies and gentlemen, this plight of millions of women could be changed if we think
differently, if women and men think differently, if men and women in the tribal and
patriarchal societies in the developing countries, if they can break a few norms of family
and society, if they can abolish the discriminatory laws of the systems in their states,
which go against the basic human rights of the women.

Dear brothers and sisters, when Malala was born, and for the first time, believe me, I
don't like newborn children, to be honest, but when I went and I looked into her eyes,
believe me, I got extremely honored. And long before she was born, I thought about her
name, and I was fascinated with a heroic legendary freedom fighter in Afghanistan. Her
name was Malalai of Maiwand, and I named my daughter after her. A few days after
Malala was born, my daughter was born, my cousin came -- and it was a coincidence -- he
came to my home and he brought a family tree, a family tree of the Yousafzai family, and
when I looked at the family tree, it traced back to 300 years of our ancestors. But when I
looked, all were men, and I picked my pen, drew a line from my name, and wrote,
"Malala."
When Mr. Yousafzai says: Before that she was my daughter, but now Im her father, it
means:
a. in their society, men are not so important
b. Malala has become very famous x
c. he is as famous as his daughter

A girl is not more a free individual:

a. when she is thirteen years x
b. until the age of twelve
c. when she is still considered a child
In a patriarchal society:
a. sons are more appreciated x
b. it doesnt matter if the first child is a girl
c. girls are appreciated as daughters

In a patriarchal society, being a good girl means:

a. being obedient x
b. being intelligent and obedient
c. being intelligent

When Mr. Yousafzai says: when a girl is born, her birth is not celebrated, the feeling he
expresses is:
a. disappointment
b. sadness x
c. sorrow

When he says: she is forbidden to go out of her home without a male scort, he wants to:
a. emphasize the loss of freedom of girls x
b. communicate the importance of men
c. tell how a patriarchal society works

He says: she is no more a free individual to express that:

a. since that moment, a girl will be taken care of by her father and brothers
b. since that moment, a girl is a kind of prisoner x
c. since that moment, a girl has to be obedient

About the sentence: she is no more a free individual, you know it is important because:
a. He says that with anger x
b. He says the negative part of the sentence twice
c. He says that with sadness

About the sentence: a good girl is supposed to be very humble, he emphasizes it by:
a. Saying it slowly
b. Saying the sentence twice
c. Saying the positive part twice x
What is the sentence he really says?
a. even if she doesnt like them
b. even if she does not like them x
c. even if she does not like

Say what Christopher and Aiste have in common and what they dont.
Difficult activities not in common
Traveling in common
Sports not in common
Having a nice holiday in common
Being together in common
Interesting activities not in common

At this moment throughout the country. Millions of motorists are beginning to wend their
way home along crowded highways. Along Independence Day weekend. It is a time such
as these. When accidents happen more frequently. When death. And driving draw closer
together. You can help to decrease the accident death rate on our nation's highways.
Excessive speed for driving conditions. Is a major cause of many motor accidents. Control
your speed at all times to keep within a safe speed. Not just the legal limit. America's.
Professional truck drivers are trying to drive ahead of themselves and to avoid accidents
by seeing them. Threaten before they can happen. They know that careful driving. Keeps
them from having accidents which may take lives. Speed is the number one killer on the
highways. So drive carefully today on your way home from an enjoyable weekend. And
tomorrow wherever you go in your car. Exercise caution. Courtesy and the golden rule.
For the life you save may be your own.
1.it is at ________ such as this when ____________ happen more frequently.
2. You can ___________ to decrease the _________ and death rate on our nations
highways.
3. Excessive _____________ for ____________ conditions is a major __________ of many
motor _______________ .

4. Control your ______________ at all times.

5. Speed is the ___________ one _________ on the _____________ .

1. time - accidents
2. help - accident
3. speed - driving - cause - accidents
4. speed
5. number - killer highways

1. What words can you understand from the oral text?

2. According to the words you understood, what is the message about?

1. motorists, home, highways, accidents, happen, help, death, speed, cause, control, keep,
safe, avoid, careful, driving, drive, carefully, weekend, caution, life.
2. Drive carefully and you will save your life along highways.

According to the text:

a. The weekend is just beginning
b. They are in the middle of the weekend
c. The weekend is over x
'At times such as these' means:
a. At times when people are celebrating and traveling x
b. At times when people have cars
c. At times when people go to rest
Death and driving are related because:
a. Drivers can die
b. Fast driving is the only cause of death in highways
c. Fast driving can cause death x

People can help through:

a. Controlling truck drivers
b. Not traveling
c. Controlling speed when driving x
Some advice for driving carefully:
a. Save your own life
b. Exercise caution and courtesy x
c. keep the legal speed limit

Ladies and gentleman. In the next seven years of bigger and bigger and Romans. America's
great schools will need nearly a quarter of a million extra teachers the side goes to fill
normal vacancies. This great need. Plus the growing public interest in education and
improvements in schools. Make elementary school teaching. A more rewarding career
than ever. A career that high school and college students should certainly consider.
Education holds America's future. Perhaps your future.
Unscramble the following words in the space provided.
eiasdl_______________

aesry_______________
aieacrma____________

eaesrhct____________

eedn_______________

oiauedctn___________

eeoistnmvrpm________

oolhcs_____________

eearrc_____________

eiordsnc___________
ladies
years
america
teachers
need
education
improvements
school
career
consider
The message is sent to:
a. children
b. teachers
c. grown-ups x

The crisis will happen:

a. In seven years
b. In the next seven years x
c. In the next two years

They are going to need:

a. 4.000 teachers
b. 250.000 teachers x
c. 15.000 teachers

A rewarding career is:

a. Being a university teacher
b. Being a Math teacher
c. Being an elementary school teacher x

People who should think about being a teacher are:

a. Parents and students
b. Elementary school students
c. High-school and college students x

Ted talks are quoted live at the ted conference. This episode features journalist graham
hill. The stock contains powerful visuals. Download the video at ted dot com. Here's.
Graham hell. Thank. What's in the box. Whatever it is must be pretty important. Because
I've traveled with it. Moved it from apartment to apartment to apartment. I thank you
thank you. Now familiar.
Did you know that we Americans have about three times the amount of space we did fifty
years ago? Three times.
So you think with all this extra space. We have plenty of room for all our stuff. Right now
there's a new industry in town. A twenty-two billion dollars. Two point two billion square
foot industry. That a personal storage. So you've got. Triple the space. So we've become
such good shoppers. That we need even more space.

So where does this leave. Lots of credit card debt. Huge environmental footprints and.
Perhaps not coincidentally. Our happiness levels. Flatline. Over the same fifty years. Well
I'm here to suggest there's a better way. That less. Might actually more. I bet most of us
have experienced at some point the joys of less college. And your dorm. Travelling in a
hotel room. Camping. We've got basically nothing. Maybe a boat. Whatever it was for you.
I bet that among other things. This gave you a little more freedom. A little more time.

So I want to suggest that. Less stuff and less space are going to equal. Smaller footprint is
actually a great way to save you some money. And it can give you a little more ease in
your life. So I start a project called life edited. Life edited dot org. To further this
conversation. And to find some great solutions in this area.

First up crowdsourcing my four hundred twenty square foot apartment in Manhattan.

With partners from the topo. And to vote. Dot com. I wanted it all. Home office. Sit down
dinner for ten. Room for guests. And all my kite surfing gear. With over three hundred
entries from around the world. I got it. My own little jewel box. By buying a space that was
four hundred twenty square feet instead of six hundred. Immediately. I'm saving two
hundred grands. Smaller space. Is going to make for small utilities. Save some more
money there. But also a smaller footprint. And because it's really designed around. An
edited set of possessions my favorite stuff it really designed for me. I'm really excited to
be there. So how can you live a little three man approaches. First of all, you to edit
ruthlessly. We've got to clear the arteries. Of our lives. And that shirt. That I haven't worn
years. It's time for me to let it go. We've got to cut the extraneous. Out of our lives. And
we've got to learn to stem the inflow. We need to think before we buy. Ask ourselves. Is
that really going to make me happier. Truly. By all means we should buy and own some
great stuff. We want stuff that we're going to love for years. Not just stuff. Secondly our
new mantra. Small is sexy. We want space efficiency. We want things that are designed
for how they're used the vast majority of the time. Not that rare event. Why have a six
burner stove. When you rarely use three. So we want to things that nest. We want things
that stack. We want to digitize. You can take paperwork. Movies. And you can make it
disappear. It's magic. Finally, one multi-functional. Spaces and housewares a syncs
combine of the toilet. A dining table. Becomes a bed. Same space. A little side table.
Stretches out seat. Ten. In the winning life edited scheme. In a render here. We combine a
moving wall. With transformer furniture. To get a lot out of the space. Look at the coffee
table. It grows in height and width to seat ten my office. Folds away. Easily hidden. My
bed just pops out of the wall. Two fingers. Guests. Move the moving wall of some fold
down guest beds. And of course. My own movie theater. So I'm not saying that we all
need to live in four hundred twenty square feet. But consider the benefits of an added life.
Go from three thousand to two thousand. From fifteen hundred to one thousand. Most of
us. Maybe all of us are here pretty happily for a lunch a day. With couple bags. Maybe
small space hotel room. So when you go home when you walk through your front door.
Take a second and ask yourselves. Can I do with a little life editing. Would that give me a
little more freedom. Maybe a little more time.
What's in the box.
It doesn't really matter.
I know I don't need it. What's in yours. Maybe just maybe less. Might equal more. So let's
make room for the good stuff. Thank you. Thanks. That was graham hill. Or did it ted two
thousand and eleven. In long beach California. March two thousand and eleven. For more
information on ted. Is it ted dot com.

What objects are mentioned in the talk?

dollar yes
table yes
room yes
stove yes
bed yes
office yes
toilet yes
furniture yes
wall yes
shoes no
hotel yes
apartment yes
box yes
money yes
stuff yes

What is the main topic of the talk?

a. If you have less space and less stuff, you will find the true happiness
b. If you have less space and less stuff, you will not need anything else in your life x
c. If you have less space and less stuff, you will have less things to be worried about
When he says: 'the joys of less', he means:
a. Having a lot of things doesnt allow you to be free x
b. It's joyful to have time
c. It's joyful to be free
The amount of space we had fifty years ago was:
a. 2.2 billion sq. ft. less
b. Three more times than fifty years ago x
c. A third part of what we do now
Mr. Hill thinks:
a. People shouldnt live in small spaces
b. A lot of stuff only expresses how much money you have
c. A lot of stuff and personal space increase stress x
According to this talk:
a. People are unhappy for having just a few things
b. People are unhappy for having lots of useless things x
c. People are unhappy for having lots of stuff