H Referencing - The Harvard Way!

Harvard style of referencing requires

acknowledgement of sources at the
end of your work (reference list) and

in the text

What is
in the text
citing of resources?
 In-Text Citing - What is it! - Harvard Style
In-text citing is the acknowledgement of
sources in the body of your work.

There are three ways to do in text citing!

1.Direct Quotes

2. Paraphrasing

3. Summarising

There must always be a corresponding entry in your bibliography and reference list relating to your in-text citation
In-Text Citing - What is it! - Harvard Style

1.Direct Quotes
Use the authors words exactly

Enclose these words in quotation marks

Include authors name, year & page number in

brackets as per examples.

There must always be a corresponding entry in your bibliography and reference list relating to your in-text
citation

High school students must understand

referencing principles. (Jones, 2003, p7)

Jones (2003, p 7) concludes that High school

students must understand referencing principles.
In-Text Citing - What is it! - Harvard Style
2. Paraphrasing
Restates a short passage in your own words

Reports on every point in the passage

Places authors name & year of publication in brackets as per

example

It has been shown that students need to gain an

understanding of referencing principles (Jones 2003).
 In-Text Citing - What is it! - Harvard Style
3. Summarising
Demonstrates your understanding of a text of any length

Place authors name & year of publication in brackets

Summaries only report on main ideas of the text for your particular
purpose

There must always be a corresponding entry in your bibliography and reference list relating to your in-text
citation

Jones (2003) writes that students must

understand the need for referencing.

It has been reported that students must

understand the need for referencing (Jones 2003)
 In-Text Citing - What is it! - Harvard Style
General tips
There must always be a corresponding entry in your bibliography and reference list relating to your in-text
citation

1. If the authors name occurs within the

sentence, year and page, are in brackets
e.g. Recently, Jones (1999, p2) argued

2. If the authors name does not occur within the sentence,

name & year are in brackets
e.g. Recent studies (Jones, 1999) argue

3. If the authors name is attached to the end of the

sentence,
the name & year are in brackets
e.g. It has been reported that students must understand the
need for referencing (Jones 2003)
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