Energy Institute Knowledge Service

Energy Institute, 61 New Cavendish Street, London, W1G 7AR

t: +44 (0)20 7467 7100 f: +44 (0)20 7255 1472
e: info@energyinst.org www.energyinst.org

Updated November 2012

Petroleum Average Conversion Factors Density Ranges

YEAR 2011
Note: The below conversion factors, which for refined products have been compiled by DECC using data from UK Petroleum Industry
Association companies, apply to the year 2011, and are only approximate for other years.

Litres/tonne Density Barrels*

kg/m3/15C per tonne
Ethane 2,730
Butane 1,736 Crude Oil 800 - 970 7.9 - 6.5
Naphtha (Light distillate feedstock) 1,464 Aviation gasolines 700 - 780 9.0 - 8.1
Motor gasolines 710 - 790 8.9 - 8.0
Aviation gasoline 1,411 Kerosines 780 - 840 8.1 - 7.5
Aviation Turbine Fuel 1,252 Gas oils 820 - 900 7.7 - 7.0
Diesel oils 800 - 860 7.9 - 7.3
Motor Spirit: All grades 1,362 Lubricating oils 850 - 950 7.4 - 6.6
Motor Spirit: Unleaded Super 1,355 Fuels oils 900 - 1000 7.0 - 6.3
Motor Spirit: Premium 1,363 Asphaltic bitumens 1000 - 1100 6.3 - 5.8
Industrial Spirit 1,247 * Approximate Volume
White Spirit 1,275
Middle Distillate Feedstock 1,116 Liquefied Methane (LNG)
Automotive Diesel (Derv):
0.005% sulphur and below 1,194 1 ton of liquid methane 16 barrels
50,000 cubic feet
Gas Oil 1,168 = 1,400m3 of natural gas,
Marine Diesel Oil (relates to gas oil) 1,168 depending on methane content
Fuel Oil All grades 1,015
Light: 1% sulphur and below 1,063
Medium: 1% sulphur and below 100 million cubic feet of 360million therms/annum
1,024 natural gas per day = 700,000 tons/annum
Heavy: 1% sulphur and below 1,011

Bitumen 997 1 tonne of oil equivalent (toe) = 107 kilocalories

Lubricating Oils - White 1,108 = 396.83 therms
Lubricating Oils Greases 1,094 = 41.868 GJ
Petroleum Coke 843 = 11,630 kWh
Petroleum Waxes 1,184

Crude Oil (Average of refining 1,192

throughput)

Marine Bunker Fuel will have a density of around 0.9577 and a conversion factor of around 1044.

Estimated average gross calorific values: GJ per tonne (gross) 2011

Crude oil (Weighted averages) 45.7

Aviation turbine fuel 46.2
Motor spirit 47.1
Burning oil 46.4
Gas/diesel oil 45.4
DERV 45.7
Fuel oil 43.3
Power station oil 43.3

Source: DECC Digest of United Kingdom Energy Statistics 2012, Annex A

 Energy Institute Knowledge Service
Energy Institute, 61 New Cavendish Street, London, W1G 7AR
t: +44 (0)20 7467 7100 f: +44 (0)20 7255 1472
e: info@energyinst.org www.energyinst.org

API GRAVITY AND DENSITY/VOLUME PER TONNE/TON

Degrees API Density Barrels per Volume

@60F @15C Tonne* long ton**
1 gallon (imperial) = 4.54609 Litres
25.0 903.7 6.97 7.08 1 gallon (US) = 3.78541 Litres
26.0 897.9 7.02 7.13 1 barrel = 34.9723gallon(imperial)
27.0 892.3 7.06 7.17 = 42 gallons (US)
28.0 886.7 7.10 7.22 = 158.987 Litres
29.0 881.1 7.15 7.27
30.0 875.7 7.20 7.31 ( - approximately equal to)
31.0 870.3 7.24 7.36
32.0 865.0 7.28 7.40
33.0 859.7 7.33 7.45
34.0 854.5 7.37 7.49
35.0 849.4 7.42 7.54
36.0 844.3 7.46 7.58
37.0 839.3 7.51 7.63
38.0 834.4 7.55 7.67
39.0 829.5 7.60 7.72
40.0 824.7 7.64 7.76
41.0 819.9 7.69 7.81
42.0 815.2 7.73 7.85

* Approximate figures 15C

** " " 60F

Energy, Work

1 therm = 100,000 Btu

105.5 MJ
29.3 kilowatt hours
1 Btu = 1.055 kJ
1 Btu/lb = 2.326 kJ/kg
1 kilowatt hour (kWh) = 3.6 MJ
1 horsepower (hp) = 0.746 kW

Pressure

1 atm = 101.325 kPa

1 Mbar = 100 Gpa
1 mmHg = 133.322 Pa

Source: DECC Digest of United Kingdom Energy Statistics