Swinburne Higher Education Exam Paper

Examination Cover Sheet

SEMESTER 1, 2012
EXAMINATION DETAILS
Subject Code:HES3334 Faculty: FEIS
Subject Title: THERMOFLUID SYSTEMS
Duration: 180 min Reading time: 15 min 60 % of overall assessment covered by this exam

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Answering Instructions:

Attempt all questions.

Show clearly your detail workings during calculations, plotting of diagrams and drawings.

State any assumptions required to solve the problems, if not provided.

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Return the exam question sheets with your answer book.

Use black or blue colour pens.

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 HES 3334 Thermofluid Systems 2012

Part A: Thermodynamics

Question 1 (12 Marks) (4X3)

(a) Give an example of applying laws of thermodynamics which you have learnt in this
subject when designing products and engineering systems.

(b) Give an example of conserving electrical and gaseous energy in an office building.

(c) Give an example of saving fuel energy when using a private car for transportation in
a city.

(d) List four solar & renewable energy systems commercially available on market.

Question 2 (3 Marks)

A 500 g block of ice is at 30C. Some 300 kJ of heat are now transferred to the ice,
which all melts. Determine the final temperature of the water. The latent heat of fusion is
assumed to be 335 kJ/kg and the specific heat capacities for water and ice are
4.19 kJ/kgK and 2.04 kJ/kgK respectively.

Question 3 (4 Marks)

A tank for an outboard motor test contains 200 Litres of water at 18 C. The motor
delivers a propeller power of 35 kW for 10 minutes on test. What will be the temperature
of the water after the test if external heat exchanges from the water are assumed
negligible?

Question 4 (4 Marks)

A steam turbine takes in steam, with specific enthalpy 3095 kJ//kg, at a rate of 80
kg/min. The steam leaves the turbine with specific enthalpy 2660 kJ/kg. If heat losses
from the turbine are 120 kW, determine the power output. Assume that kinetic-energy
and potential-energy changes are negligible.

Page 1
Question 5 (8 Marks)

Air at a pressure of 1 MPa and a temperature of 130C is expanded adiabatically (n =

1.4) to a pressure of 105 kPa and then compressed isothermally to its original volume.
Draw these processes on a scaled pV diagram, manually in your answer book, and
determine:

(a) the initial specific volume;

(b) the final temperature;
(c) the final pressure;
(d) the change in internal energy per kilogram;
(e) the nett work transfer per kilogram;
(f) the nett heat flow per kilogram.

Question 6 (4 Marks)

An engine working on the Otto cycle has a theoretical efficiency of 70% of that of a
Carnot-cycle engine working between the same upper- and lower-cycle temperatures of
1550C and 20C respectively. Determine the compression ratio of the engine.

Part B: Heat Transfer

Question 7 (3 Marks)

Give an example of applying mechanisms of heat transfer which you have learnt in this
subject when designing products and engineering systems.

Question 8 (12 Marks)

Liquid flows at a rate of 8 kg/s in a pipe of 65 mm mean diameter and length 80 m. The
temperature of the liquid entering the pipe is 120C and leaving the pipe is 85C. The
outside air temperature is 20C. The specific heat capacity of the liquid is 2.3 kJ/kgK.
Determine the following:

(a) arithmetic mean temperature difference;

(b) log mean temperature difference;
(c) heat transfer rate;
(d) overall heat transfer coefficient;
(e) plot the temperature profiles for cold and hot fluids flowing along the pipe length.

Page 2
Part C: Refrigeration & Air Conditioning

Question 9 (9 Marks) (6X1.5)

A large freezer plant has a cooling load of 1 MW and operates on the basic cycle using
R22 (no superheating and no sub-cooling). The cold-space temperature is -20C and
ambient temperature is 35C. The evaporator temperature is 5C below cold-space
temperature and the condensing temperature is 10C above ambient. Using the p-h
diagram for R22 determine the;

(a) coefficient of performance for cooling;

(b) mass flow rate of R22 refrigerant;
(c) pressure ratio of the compressor;
(d) power input to the compressor;
(e) internal diameter of the compressor outlet pipe for a gas velocity of 10 m/s;
(f) mass flow rate of ambient air through the condenser for an air temperature
increase of 7.5C.

No need to draw and submit the refrigeration cycle on the p-h diagram. Only use it to
find the values required.

Question 10 (6 Marks)

Air at 33C has a 60% relative humidity. Use the psychrometric chart to determine the
following:

(a) wet-bulb temperature;

(b) specific volume;
(c) specific enthalpy;
(d) moisture content;
(e) temperature at which dew will form on cooling.

Explain how you worked out these values by drawing a schematic hand-sketch of the
chart and show the values on the chart.

Page 3
Part D: Fluid Dynamics

Question 11 (12 Marks) (4X3)

(a) Give an example of applying principles of fluid mechanics which you have learnt in
this subject when designing products and engineering systems.

(b) Suggest means of reducing pump cavitation.

(c) Draw pressure profile around a aerofoil and explain how the drag can be reduced
and lift can be enhanced.

(d) For a typical airfoil, draw the air flow streamlines and show the trailing edges wakes
and explain why designer should minimise generation of these vortices or eddies?

Question 12 (3 Marks)

Kerosene flows in a pipe to which a differential manometer is connected. Water is

used as the indicating fluid and the water level below the centreline of a pipe is 570 mm
at section 1 and 350 mm at section 2. Determine the pressure difference between
section 1 and section 2. Assume that the relative density of Kerosene is 0.78.

Question 13 (10 Marks)

A pipe of diameter 200 mm carrying water with velocity 4.43 m/s has an upward slope of
1:50 (sine). At a certain point the elevation of the pipe is 3 meters (above the datum)
and the pressure is 50 kPa (gauge).
(a) Determine the pressure head, velocity head, potential head and total head at this
position.
(b) Recalculate these heads for a position 100 meters further up the pipe if losses
are neglected.
(c) Recalculate the heads for part (b) if a flow loss of 1.5 meters occurs.

Question 14 (10 Marks)

The suction line of a pumping system pumping sea water (RD 1.04) at a rate of 80 L/s is
a pipe of diameter 200 mm. A pressure gauge in this line, 2 meters below the centreline
of the pump reads a negative pressure of -15 kPa. The discharge line from the pump is
a pipe of diameter 150 mm and a pressure gauge, 3 meters above the centreline of the
pump reads 120 kPa. Determine the power input to the pump if its efficiency is 60% for
two cases of (a) neglecting losses and (b) if the head loss between the two gauges is 5
meters.

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 Swinburne Higher Education Exam Paper

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