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RATIONALE
The curriculum in Mathematics has been designed to cater to the specific needs of NIOS
learners. The thrust is on the applicational aspects of mathematics and relating learning to the
daily life and work situation of the learners. The course is modular in nature with eight
compulsory modules forming the core curriculum and four optional modules out of which the
learner is to choose one optional module. An attempt has been made to reduce rigour and
abstractness.
OBJECTIVES
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The course aims at enabling learners to :
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acquire knowledge of mathematical terms, symbols, facts and formulae.
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develop an understanding of mathematical concepts.
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develop problem solving ability.
acquire skills in applying the learning to situation including reading charts, tables, graphs etc.
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apply the above skills in solving problems related to Science, Commerce and daily life.
develop a positive attitude towards Mathematics and its application.
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COURSE STRUCTURE
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1
MODULE WISE DISTRIBUTION OF STUDY HOURS AND MARKS
Module Compulsory Modules Minimum Marks
No. Study Hours
1. Complex Numbers & Quadratic Equations 15 10
5. Trigonometry 30 10
6. Coordinate Geometry 30 10
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7. Differential Calculus 45 17
8. Integral Calculus 45 17
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Optional Modules ar
(The learner have to choose any one module)
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9. Statistics & Probability
OR
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OR
11. Linear Programming
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COMPULSORY MODULES
2
- Properties of operations (closure, Module 2: Determinants and Matrices
commutativity, associativity, identity,
inverse, distributivity) Study Time: 15 hrs. Max. Marks: 10
- Elementary properties of modulus
namely Pre-requisites : Knowledge of number
systems; solution of system of linear
(i) z = 0 z = 0 and z1 = z2 z1 = z2 equations.
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- Introduction as a rectangular array of
- Representation of a complex number by numbers
a point in a plane. - Matrices upto order 3 4
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-
Quadratic Equations ar
Solution of quadratic equation with real
-
Types of matrices
Square and rectangular matrices
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coefficients using the quadratic formula - Unit matrix, zero matrix, diagonal, row
- Square root of a complex number and column matrices
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3
the sign of the determinant is Combinations
changed. - Meaning of nCr
2. If each element of a row (or column) - Expression for nCr
of a determinant is multiplied by a - Properties of nCr namely
constant, the value of the n
n
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determinant gets multiplied by. (i) Cr = r
n!
3. If k times a row (or column) is added n n
to another row (or column) the value (ii) C r = Cn r
n n +1
of the determinant remains (iii) Cr 1 + nCr = Cr
unchanged.
- The number of equations and variables to Binomial Theorem
be restricted to three only. - Binomial theorem for a positive index
with proof.
Extended Learning
Extended Learning
Cramers Rule for four or more Circular permutations
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equations Pascals triangle
Determinant as a function Binomial theorem for negative index
Matrix as a function
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and rational indices (without proof)
Matrices over complex numbers
Hermitian and Skew Hermitianar Module 4: Sequences and Series
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Rank of a Matrix
Inverse by elementary row Study Time: 20 hrs. Max. Marks: 8
transformations
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Permutations Series
- Fundamental Principle of Counting - Concept of a series
- Meaning of nPr - Some important series, etc. using method of
- Expression for nPr differences and mathematical induction
4
Exponential and Logarithmic Series Extended Learning
- Representation of e x and log(1 + x) as
Properties of triangles
series.
Solution of triangles
- Properties of e x and log(1 + x) Properties of inverse functions
Trigonometric equations and their
Extended Learning solutions
General solution of Trigonometric
Arithmetic Mean, Geometric Mean equations
Harmonic Progression, Arithmetico-
Geometric Progression and their Module 6 : Coordinate Geometry
relationships
Logarithms on any base Study Time: 30 hrs. Max. Marks: 10
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Content and Extent of coverage
Pre-requisites : Trigonometric ratios of an
acute angle.
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Introduction ( Basic concepts)
- Distance Formula
Content and Extent of coverage ar -
-
Section Formula
Area of a Triangle
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Functions
- Concept of a function Straight Line
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- Parametric form
Composition of Functions - Intercepts form
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Trigonometric Ratios
- Radian measure of angles Parallel and Perpendicular Lines
- Trigonometric ratios as functions - Angle between two lines
- Graphs of T-ratios - Parallel lines
- Periodicity - Perpendicular lines
- T-ratios of allied angles - Distance of a point from a line
- Inverse Trigonometric ratios - Distance between two parallel lines
- Family of lines
Addition and Multiplication formulae
- Addition and subtraction formulae for
trigonometric functions
Circle
- Sines, Cosines and Tangents of multiples
and submultiples - Equation of a circle whose radius and
- Solution of simple trigonometric centre are given.
equations
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- Equation of a circle in terms of MODULES 7: Differential Calculus
extremities of its diameter.
- General equation of a circle Study Time: 45 hrs. Max. Marks: 17
- Equations of tangents and normals
- Parametric representation of a circle. Pre-requisites: Trigonometry and Exponential
and Logarithmic series
Conic Sections Content and Extent of Coverage
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- Conic sections to be introduced through - Derivatives from the first principle
examples of loci and not as a section of a - Derivative as instantaneous rate of change
cone.
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- Geometrical meaning of derivative
- Derivative of sum, difference, product and
Extended Learning ar -
quotient of functions and chain rule
Derivatives of algebraic, trigonometric,
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Locus exponential and logarithmic functions.
- Advanced examples of loci
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Monotonicity of functions
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6
MODULE 8 : INTEGRAL CLACULUS - Fundamental theorem of Integral Calculus
(statement only)
Study Time: 45 hrs. Max. Marks: 17 - Application of definite integrals in finding
area under a curve
Pre-requisite : Differential Calculus
Differential Equations
Content and Extent of Coverage
- Notion of differential equation, its order and
Introduction to Integral Calculus degree
- Integration as inverse of differentiation - Solution of first order, first degree
- Properties of integrals differential equations
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- Idea of definite integral as limit of a sum up giving appropriate details.
- Geometrical interpretation of definite
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integrals in simple cases. dx dx dx dx dx
- Properties of definite integrals x a ,
2 2 2 2
, 2
a x 2
, , 2
a x ax + bx +c
2 2
,
b a ar x a
(i) f ( x)dx = f ( x)dx
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a b dx ( px + q)dx ( px +q)dx
b c b 2
, 2
ax + bx +c
,
ax2 + bx +c
,
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ax + bx +c
(ii) f ( x)dx = f ( x)dx + f ( x)dx
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a a c
2a a a x2 a2 dx , a2 x2 dx , eax sin bx dx ,
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b b ( px + q) ax2 + bx + c dx , sin1x dx ,
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a a
dx dx
sin x cos x dx , ,
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a a
a +bsin x a +bcos x
(v) f ( x)dx = f (a x)dx
0 0
2a a
Extended Learning
(vi) f ( x)dx = 2 f ( x)dx if f (2a x) = f ( x)
0 0 Application of definite integrals in
= 0 if f (2a x) = f ( x) finding the area under a curve
Formation of a differential equation
a a
Higher order differential equations
(vii)
a
f ( x)dx = 2 f ( x)dx if is an even
0
reducible to variable separable cases
function of x
= 0 if f is an odd function of x
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OPTIONAL MODULES - Use of addition theorem when product of
(The learner have to choose any one out three event is easily identifiable.
modules)
Extended Learning
Module 9 : Statistics and Probability
Correlation and regression
Study Time: 20 hrs. Max. Marks: 10 Curve fitting (fitting a line)
Mean and variance of Poisson
Pre-requisites : Mean, median and mode of distribution
ungrouped and grouped data. Bivariate probability distributions.
Content and Extent of coverage Module 10: Vectors & Analytical Solid Geometry
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and Trigonometry.
Random Experiments and Events
- Ramdom experiments Content and extent of Coverage
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- Sample space, events
- Types of events, viz. mutually exclusive Vectors
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events and equally likely events - Scalars and vectors
- Vectors as directed line segments
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Probability - Magnitude and direction of a vector
- Concept of probability - Null vector and Unit vector
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properties
space. - Multiplication of a vector by a scalar and
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their properties
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Probability Distribution
- Introduction to probability distribution Resolution of a vector
- Binomial distribution - Resolution of a vector in two dimensions.
- Expected value of a random variable - Resolution of a vector in three dimensions
- Mean and variance of a Binomial - Section formula
distribution.
Co-ordinates of a point
NOTE: - Co-ordinates of a point in space.
- Distance between two points
- Probability to be explained as the ratio of - Co-ordinates of a division point.
number of cases favourable to an event and - Direction cosines and projection.
the total number of cases. - Condition of parallelism and
- Venn diagrams to be used as frequently as perpendicularity of two lines.
possible to give a pictorial representation of
the concepts
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The Plane Module 11: Linear Programming
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symmetrical form. - Feasible and optimal solutions.
- Perpendicular distance of a point from a - Simplex method.
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straight line.
- Angle between a line and a plane. Applications
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Condition of coplanarity of two lines.
- Dual problem
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The Sphere - Assignment problem
- Transportation problem
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coplanar points.
- Diameter form of the equation of a sphere. Product-mix problem
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Simplex method.
- Intersection of a sphere and a line.
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Extended Learning
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Skew lines
Intersection of three planes.
Pole and polar plane in a sphere.
Equation of a cylinder and its properties.
Equation of a cone and its properties.