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To keep insulated conductors from overheating, the various

materials used for electrical insulation have been classified in
the States into the following four classes according to their
maximum continuous operating temperature.

Note: The maximum temperature listed above is considered the

20,000-hour life temperature. The service life of an insulation
class is impacted to a major degree by its operating temperature.
For example, if a class insulation material is subjected to an
operating temperature of 180oC. its service life would in theory
be reduced from 20,000 hours to only about 300 hours.

Power Transformer Winding Arrangements

Considering only three-phase transformers, the windings can be

connected in various arrangements. The 2 most common
primary arrangements are Delta and Wye (Star). With the Delta
arrangement, two of the ends of each of two windings are
connected together. This results in three wires for the three
phases. The Wye or Star arrangement is obtained when one end
of each of the three windings are connected together, forming a
Y. The remaining three ends are for the three phases.

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