ENGLISH TRAINING GRAMMAR, VOCABULARY AND WRITTEN TASKS

TOPIC: SPEAKING

VOWELS

1. Pronunciation of the C
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C is pronounced as s or k. For example: city, cider, circle, and country.

- When an E or Y follow the C, it is pronounced as s. Good examples

are: cellar, center, cent, ice, cycle, cell, cypress, and cyclone.

- When an O, U, or A follows the C, it is pronounced as k. Some

examples are: cold, country, computer, couple, cup, curb, cut, cap, can,
and cat.

Read these sentences aloud and compare both sounds:

_ The city is cloudy.

_ The center is covered.

_ We cycle in the city but drive the car in the country.

2. Pronunciation of the G

- When an E, I, or Y follows the G, it is pronounced as . Examples

are: gym, giant, gem, gorgeous, and George.

- When a U or A follows the G, it is pronounced as or . For

example: gun, gum, gas, garden, and gap.

3. Pronunciation of vowel letters

- The long A and the short A, for example: cape and gap.
-at: bat, cat, hat, fat, sat, rat
-ad: bad, had, mad, sad
-ag: tag, wag, rag, bag
-an: fan, pan, can, ran
-am: jam, ham, ram, yam
-ap: map, tap, nap

When the word ends in E, the A is pronounced as a long vowel.

Examples of this are: rake, gate, face, base, cage, wave, and take.

When the word ends in R, the A sound is as in: tar, jar, car, and far.

- The long I and the short I.

-id: bid, kid, lid, did
-ig: big, rig, wig, pig, dig

Student: ______________________________ Session:_________ Date: _________________ Score: _____%

 ENGLISH TRAINING GRAMMAR, VOCABULARY AND WRITTEN TASKS

TOPIC: SPEAKING

-in: pin, fin, tin, win, bin

-ip: tip, lip, hip, rip, dip
-it: kit, hit, fit, sit, pit

When the word ends in E, the I is pronounced as a long vowel. For |2

example: kite, bike, dime, ride, and vine.

- The long O and the short O.

-og: fog, hog, dog, jog, log
-op: mop, pop, hop, top
-ot: hot, pot, got, not
-ob: mob, cob, job, sob

When the word ends in E, the O is pronounced as a long vowel. As

examples: rose, pole, and hope.

- The long U and the short U.

-ut: pup, cup, put, up, rut, hut, cut, nut
-ub: cub, tub
-us: bus, pus
-un: fun, sun, run, bun, gun
-ug: mug, bug, tug, hug

When the word ends in E, the O is pronounced as a long vowel.

Examples: tune, cube, and cute.

Student: ______________________________ Session:_________ Date: _________________ Score: _____%

 ENGLISH TRAINING GRAMMAR, VOCABULARY AND WRITTEN TASKS

TOPIC: SPEAKING

CONSONNANTS

1. Pronunciation of the Y
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Y is pronounced as ai or i:.

- In one-syllable words, Y is pronounced as ai. For example: my, by, fly,

shy, sky, dry, cry, fry, and try.

- In two-syllable words, Y is pronounced as i:. As example: happy,

funny, baby, bony, puppy, party, tiny, city, candy, berry, penny, and
turkey.

1. One thing to keep in mind when discussing consonant pronunciation are

consonant blends. A consonant blend is two or more letters that are
pronounced as one sound in English. Some blends are clearly two sounds
which become one complex sound (for example bl in black, tr as in
atrophy). They often include the letters l, r, or s but not always. Other
blends are actually only one English sound which is spelled by using two
or more consonants. These sounds include sh (wish), ch (chair), tch
(watch) and others.

If One Consonant Follows a Vowel in the Middle of a Word, It Is Pronounced as the

First Sound in the Next Syllable

Where a consonant is pronounced in a word does make a

difference in a students pronunciation, particularly if they speak
slowly. Think about the difference between pap-er and pa-per. Clearly
the second is the correct pronunciation while the first sounds, at best,
strange, and at worst like a different word entirely. Other examples
include tele-phone (not teleph-one), la-bor (not lab-or), lo-cate (not loc-
ate) and pro-tect (not prot-ect).

2. 7When Two Consonants Follow a Vowel in the Middle of a Word, One Consonant Is
Pronounced at the End of the First Syllable and the Other Is Pronounced at the
Beginning of the Next Vowel

Of course, consonant blends act as one consonant sound, but non-

blend neighboring consonants will follow this rule. When a
consonant is doubled in the middle of a word, it also follows this rule.
Some examples include sub-ject, tal-ly, ab-ject, top-ple, and haz-mat.

Student: ______________________________ Session:_________ Date: _________________ Score: _____%