How to Manually Repair your Windows

Registry

There is another way of repairing your Windows registry without the easy use of a registry
repairer, a cleaner like RegCure. It is though a far more complicated process, involving the
use of regedit.exe and regedt32.exe commands, involving a lot of time and an expert eye.
THE MANUAL WAY TO REPAIR THE REGISTRY
Undertaking a manual repair to your Windows registry is not an easy thing to do, in fact
many computer professionals would not dream of attempting it. It is though possible to go
through the registry manually to fix files and folders that are impacting upon a computer’s
performance. Before commencing it though an individual must know all about the workings
and organization of the registry.
THE HISTORY OF THE WINDOWS REGISTRY
Suprisingly enough the Windows registry is a new addition to Microsoft’s operating
systems. If you go back to the earliest Windows systems, such as Windows 3x, you will
find that they did not have a registry. Windows 3x, and its predecessors, had .ini and .dat
files located in each system folder and subfolder, rather than a registry. Within these two
sets of files were included all the information required to make the computer operate.
The use of .ini and .dat files is a complex thing though and it was found that they were
easy to delete by accident. Once deleted it would be impossible to get Windows working
again as it should.
This issue though was resolved when Microsoft came up with the Windows NT operating
system. Instead of .ini and .dat files located in each folder, the configuration data was
centralized into what became known as the Windows registry. This registry could be
viewed using regedit.exe, but could not be amended, and so was like a huge database of
information.
As Microsoft continued to develop its operating system, with the inception of Windows 95,
Windows 98 and Windows 2000, so the company changed the registry as well. To view the
registry now required the use of the regedt32.exe command. This new command saw a
user able to make changes to the registry through the command functionality. This new
function though did mean that less of the registry could be looked at when compared with
the old regedit.exe command.
It wasn’t until Windows XP that the best features of the regedit.exe and regedt32.exe
commands were brought together. The registry then became both easier to view and
easier to make changes to if required. This functionality has also been included in
subsequent operating system, Windows Server and Windows Vista.
THE INTERNAL WORKINGS OF THE REGISTRY
The Windows registry is made up of two forms of internal workings, and is made up of the
key and the value. In basic terms the key is the equivalent of the folder as used by
Windows Explorer, as such a key can have subkeys, just as a folder can have subfolders.
The value is the information held by the key or subkey. The value is a data pair that stores
all of the configuration date required to ensure that the computer runs as it should.
Within the registry the keys are stored and ordered with their own hives. There are five
hives that are used by a Windows registry –
• HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT (HKCR) – The HKCR is the hive that stores the keys,
 subkeys and values relevant to all of the applications that are installed in the
computer.
• HKEY_CURRENT_USER (HKCU) – The HKCU is a storage unit for all the data
about the individual settings and configuration data for the user currently using the
computer.
• HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE (HKLM) –The HKLM is the hive that stores the
information about all computer users, and as such contains the general setting
information.
• HKEY_USERS (HKU) – This hive is the equivalent of the HKCU, keeping
configuration and setting information about all users of the computer rather than just
current user.
• HKEY_CURRENT_CONFIG (HKCC) - This final hive stores the entire boot up
information that is temporarily stored.
WORKING IN THE REGISTRY
If you know all about the internal workings of the Windows registry it is then possible to
start editing the contents, and repair keys and values if required. There are some common
methods used to change the stored information.
• Manually Editing – manual edits are undertaken by the use of the regedit.exe
command. With the registry open this command allows registry keys and values to
be sorted and checked, items can be deleted if the editor considers them to be no
longer required, or dangerous to the running of the computer.
• Console registry Tool for Windows – This editing of the Windows registry
involves the use of reg.exe, codes and scripts, all using the Command option in
Windows OS.
• Microsoft Management Console (MMC) – the MMC is most commonly used by
system administrators, where it may be known as Group Policy. This tool enables
the management of networks and computer systems; this means that registries can
be edited on any computer hooked up to a network.
• Registration Entries (.reg) – This is a less common method of making changes to
the Windows registry and involves the use of a script. All changes required of the
registry are stored in a separate registration entries files which the script then
makes changes to.
• Registry Editor – Microsoft released their own support tool, the Windows Registry
Editor, to enable the location of all keys and values stored within the Windows
Registry. The Editor allows keys and values to be renamed, edited, added or
deleted as the user feels appropriate.
• Windows Management Instrumentation – This is an administrators tool within
Windows that automates the process using editing and Windows registry repair.
• Windows Script Host – Using Visual Basic or JSCript it is possible to make
alterations to the Windows registry. There are some basic commands that can be
undertaken inclusing; RegDelete, where values are removed; RegRead, a
restoration command for values; RegWrite, the creation or editing of values.
It is therefore possible to make alterations to the registry through a number of methods. As
it is possible to therefore repair any keys or values that need repairing or delete and files
that need to be removed. Whilst it is possible it is not recommended, most computer
technicians will never even attempt it.
Any professional recognizes the damage that can be done when trying a manual repair of
the Windows registry. A simple mistake can easily lead to the whole Windows operating
system being destroyed, and thus necessitate a complete reinstall of the Windows
operating system.
THE COMPLEX OR EASY WAY
So if the manual process of repairing the Windows registry is so complex and dangerous is
there any other way of doing it? There is a far easier, safer and quicker way of fixing a
damaged registry.
All that is needed is a registry repair program from a third-party software developer. There
are many registry cleaners on the market although we would have to say that RegCure
stands out as the best available.
RegCure is the fastest – scanning and fixing issues in less than a minute in some cases.
RegCure is the most thorough – identifying damaged and infected keys and values,
even in the deepest recesses of the registry.
RegCure is the safest – it includes a full back up and restore function. Just in case of any
accidental deletions.
Overall RegCure is the only Windows registry repair tool that does everything you want to
from a cleaner. What’s more RegCure is available as a free trial.
What are the minimum hardware requirements for Windows 7 ?
Microsoft says Windows 7 is designed to run well on PCs that meet the recommended system
requirements for Windows Vista.

Before you upgrade to Windows 7, be sure to compare your PC's specifications with the Windows 7
system requirements as follows:

► 1GHz or faster 32-bit (x86) or 64-bit (x64) processor

► 1GB RAM (32-bit) / 2GB RAM (64-bit)
► 16GB available disk space (32-bit) / 20GB (64-bit)
► DirectX 9 graphics processor with WDDM 1.0 or higher driver
What is difference between the domain security settings and domain controller security
settings in windows server 2003 standard edition?

Domain security settings are applied to the all the SIDs (Users & Machines) on that Domain.
Domain Controller Security settings are applicable only to the Domain Controllers on that domain.

Domain security settings are common to the Domain But Domain Controller Security settings are
applicable only to the DCs in that Domain.

What are the differences between multiprocessing and multitasking systems? Give Examples
for both?
Task is nothing but one of the module of program. so multitasking is nothing but many task can be
done simultaneously whereas in multiprocessing OS many CPR ie. processors are uses to complete
one program means program is divided into small module each module handled by different
processors.

why unix is more stable than windows?

Unix is more stable and does not go down as often as Windows does therefore requires less
administration and maintenance. Unix has greater built-in security and permissions features than
Windows. it is more stable and it does not crash as much as much as WindowsIt is a stable multi-
user multi-tasking system for servers desktops and laptops.

what are the latest versions of MSDOS?

MS-DOS 7.0 is the latest version of MS-DOS. Windows 95 included MS-DOS 7.0;this was not a
stand alone version of MS-DOS and cannot be purchased by itself. ms-dos Version 7.0 of the
Bernoulli driver is the latest driver available from IOMEGA.MS-DOS versions 7.0 and 7.1 the MS-
DOS INCLUDE environment variable enables you to determine where BC.EXE will look

how chkdsk command works?

Checkdisk is a command in DOS and Microsoft Windows systems which verifies a hard disk or a
floppy disk for file system integrity. It is similar to the fsck command in Unix. By default CHKDSK
neither fixes errors nor checks for bad sectors. In order to fix errors while using the command line
interface the /F parameter should be specified. In order to check for and mark bad sectors the /R
parameter should be specified. Other parameters can be listed by typing the command chkdsk /?