Power System operation and control

Unit I
Two marks questions
1. What is Input-output curve?
2. Define Incremental water rate curve.
3. Define Incremental production cost curve.
Three marks questions
4. What is Heat rate curve?
5. What is the condition for Optimum generation allocation with line losses neglected?
6. Explain necessity of economical operation of power system
Five marks questions
7 Derive the condition for Optimum generation allocation with line losses neglected?
Explain the various type of constraints to be considered in optimal operation of thermal
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power plants.
A power System consists of two,125MWunits whose input cost data are represented by the
equations :
C1 =0.04P12 +22P1 +800Rupees/hour
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C2 =0.045P22 +15P2 +1000Rupees/hour
If the total received power PR =200MW.Determine the load sharing between
Units for most economic operation.
Unit II
Two marks questions
1 Explain about hydrothermal coordination with necessary equations.
2 Explain about spinning reserve in hydro power plants.
3 Write the advantages of operation of hydro thermal combinations.
Three marks questions
Explain different constraints to be considered for mathematical modeling of hydro thermal
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Scheduling.

5 Discuss the combined hydro- electric and steam station operation.

6 Explain about Co-ordination in hydro thermal system.
Five marks questions
In a two plant operation system, the hydro plant is operating for 12hrs. During each day and the
steam plant is operate all over the day. The characteristics of the steam and hydro plants are
CT =0.3PGT2 +20PGT+5Rs/hr
7 WH =0.4PGH2 +20 PGHm3 /sec
When both plants are running, the power flow from steam plant to load is 300MW and the total
quantity of water is used for the hydro plant operation during12hrs is 180106 m3 . Determine the
generation of hydro plant and cost of water used.
8 Derive Mathematical Formulation for Hydro thermal scheduling.
A two plant system having a thermal station near the load center and a hydro power station
9 at remote location.The characteristics of both stations are
 C1 = (26 + 0.045 PGT)PGT Rs/hr w2 = (7 + 0.004 PGH) PGH m3/sec
and The transmission loss co-efficient, B22 = 0.0025 MW-1.Determine the power
generation at each station and the power received by the load when = 65 Rs / MWhr
Unit - III
Two marks questions
1 Explain D.C and A.C excitation system
2 Write the transfer function of an overall excitation system.
Represent a model of speed governing system i by a block diagram.
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Three marks questions
4 Explain turbine model with block diagram?
5 Explain the effect of varying excitation of a synchronous generator
6 Derive the transfer function of an overall excitation system.
Five marks questions
Discus in detail the following components of excitation system.
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(a) Error Amplifier (b) SCR Power Amplifier (c) Main Exciter and (d) Alternator
8 Explain the simplified model of a synchronous machine
9 Draw the block diagram of IEEE type-I excitation model and explain its functioning.
Unit - IV
Two marks questions
Discuss the merits of proportional plus integral load frequency control of a system with a
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neat block diagram.

2 What the advantages are of inter connected operation of power system? Explain.
3 What is meant by tie line bias control?
Three marks questions
4 Draw the block diagram of two area system.
5 Explain how the frequency error in the load frequency control problem is reduced to zero
6 Explain briefly the control area concept and control area error.
Five marks questions
Discuss the importance of combined load frequency control and economic dispatch control
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with a neat block diagram.
8 Explain in detail the importance of load frequency problem.
Obtain an expression for steady state response of a load frequency controller with integral
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Control. How it is different from without integral control.
Unit - V
Two marks questions
1 What are the specifications of load compensation?
2 Describe in detail off load and on load tap changing transformers.
3 Write short notes on compensated and un-compensated transmission lines.
Three marks questions
Explain clearly what do mean by compensation of a line and discuss briefly different
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methods of compensation
5 Compare the different types of compensating equipment for transmission systems

6 Explain the effects on uncompensated line under no load and load conditions
Five marks questions
Explain clearly what you mean by compensation of line and discuss briefly different methods of
7 compensation.
A single-phase 400 V, 50 Hz motor takes a supply current of 50 A at a p.f of 0.8 lag. The motor p.f
8 has been improved to unity by confectioning a condenser in parallel. Calculate the capacity of the
condenser required
Explain how reactive power is generated and also explain the significance of reactive power on
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voltage stability and regulation. State necessary equations for it.