Project-No.

513416

EU CONSENT

Wider Europe, Deeper Integration? Constructing Europe Network

Network of Excellence
Priority 7 Citizens and Governance in the Knowledge-based Society

Studying the European Commission:

A review of the literature
Paper based on
WORKSHOP The Commission and the European Civil Service 21-22 JUNE 06
PARIS (Deliverable No. 17)

Organisation name of lead contractor for this paper

Patrycja Szarek and John Peterson, University of Edinburgh [Partner No. 39]

Due of deliverable: 31/05/07

Actual date of submission: 29/01/07

Start date of project: 01/06/2005 Duration: 48 months

Project co-funded by the European Commission within the Sixth Framework Programme (2002-2006)
Dissemination Level
PU Public X
PP Restricted to other programme participants (including the Commission Services)
RE Restricted to a group specified by the consortium (including the Commission Services)
CO Confidential, only for members of the consortium (including the Commission Services)
 Studying the European Commission A review of the literature

Authors note

This working paper is purely bibliographical, as opposed to analytical or evaluative. It

collects together in one place a critical mass (certainly not all) of the academic literature
published on the European Commission. We have compiled and published it for a number
of reasons:

x our work as Project Manager and Leader (respectively) for a research team on
The Commission and European Civil Service for the EU-Consent Network of
Excellence1 led us to the view that there was a need to consider the state of our
existing knowledge of the Commission, and how our team could generate new
knowledge. Generating a (fairly) comprehensive bibliography of (mostly) recently
published work seemed a logic first step.2 We know of no similar bibliographical
compilation of work on the Commission.
x we wanted to generate a sort of public good for students (especially PhD students) and
scholars interested in finding out what we already know about the Commission and
(crucially) how our knowledge might be expanded.
x we felt this project was reflective of and (potentially) a contribution to growing
academic interest in international administrations more generally. We, along with all
students of the Commission, take a keen interest in particular in work which compares
different international secretariats. The Commission is, of course, sui generis in many
respects, as much of the literature makes clear. However, it attracts attention precisely
for this reason, and because it is still probably the most powerful multinational
administration in an age when there are reasons to believe that international
administrations are gaining power and influence.
x we have learned quite a lot about the existing literature that we did not know before
compiling this article. For example, it turns out that quite a lot more research has been
done especially over the past few years on reform of the Commission than on the
Commissions contribution to the EU policy process.

We had hoped to provide abstracts for each of the bibliographical listings, but this aspiration
fell foul of copyright restrictions. Each work listed has been placed within a specified
category of topic to make retrieval easier but some works obviously defy rigid categorisation.

We have placed a priority on works published in the past 15 or so years, so our list may omit
some classic works. We also are sure that there is a wealth of literature published in
languages other than English which is not included here, even though we have had helpful
suggestions of major works to include from our French colleagues, particularly Didier
Georgkakakis and Marine de Lassalle. We are also grateful to Dr Andrea Birdsall for her
assistance in preparing the final version.

We would be pleased to know of works that have been omitted or references that are incorrect
or incomplete. Please send all correspondence to the email address listed below.

PS and JP
Euconsent@ed.ac.uk
1
Team 7 in Work Package IV (Institutions and Political Actors: New Forms of Governance). For background,
see http://www.eu-consent.net/content.asp?ContentId=534.
2
In fact, we plan to make the next step an analytical article that offers a review and assessment of the literature
referenced in this article, which we no doubt will need to supplement with work published post-2006.

1
 Studying the European Commission A review of the literature

1. General works on the Commission

Abls, Marc, Irne Bellier, and Maryon McDonald (1993) Approche Anthropologique de la
Commission, rapport pour la Commission Europenne, multigraphi, 1993.

Christiansen, T. (1996) A Maturing Bureaucracy? The Role of the Commission in the Policy
Process in Richardson, J. J. (ed.) European Union Power and Policy-Making, London and
New York: Routledge: 77-95.

Christiansen, T. (2001) The European Commission: Administration in Turbulent Times, in

Richardson, J. (ed.) European Union: Power and Policy Making, 2nd Edition, London-New
York: Routledge: 95-114

Cini, M. (1996) The European Commission: Leadership, Organisation and Culture in the EU
administration, Manchester: Manchester University Press.

Cohen, Antonin (1999) Histoire dun groupe dans linstitution dune communaut
europenne (1940-1950), thse de science politique, Universit Paris I Sorbonne

Coombes, David,1970. Politics and Bureaucracy in the European Community. A Portrait of

the Commission of the E.E.C. London: Allen and Unwin.

Dimitrakopoulos, D.G. (ed) (2004) The Changing European Commission, Manchester:

Manchester University Press.

Egeberg, Morton, 2004, An organisational approach to European integration: Outline of a

complementary perspective, European Journal of Political Research, 43 (2): 199-219.

Egeberg, Morten. (ed) (2006) Multilevel Union Administration. The Transformation of

Executive Politics in Europe. London: Palgrave Macmillan.

Hooghe, Liesbet (2001) The European Commission and the Integration of Europe,
Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

King, T. (1999) The European Commission: administration or government?, London : Centre

for Policy Studies.

Michalski, Anna (2002) Governing Europe: the future role of the European Commission, The
Hague: Netherlands Institute of International Relations (Clingendael).

Nugent, Neill (1995) The Leadership Capacity of the European Commission, Journal of
European Public Policy, vol 2, n4, p. 602-23

Nugent, Neill (ed) (2000) At the Heart of the Union: Studies of the European Commission,
New York and Basingstoke: St. Martin's Press and Palgrave, 2nd edition.

Nugent, Neill (2001) The European Commission, Basingstoke: Palgrave.

2
 Studying the European Commission A review of the literature

Peters, B. Guy (1992) "Bureaucratic Politics and the Institutions of the European Community"
in A. Sbragia (ed) Euro-Politics: Institutions and Policy-Making in the 'New' European
Community, Washington, D.C.: Brookings Institution, 75-122.

Smith, Andy (ed) (2004) Politics and the European Commission: actors, interdependence,
legitimacy, London; New York : Routledge.
Spence, David with Geoffrey Edwards (eds.) (2006) The European Commission, London:
John Harper Publishing, 3rd edition.

2. The Commission as an administration

Egeberg, M. (1996) Organization and Nationality in the European Commission services,

Public Administration, Vol. 74, No. 4: 721-735.

Georgakakis, Didier (2004) Les syndicats de fonctionnaires et la construction de la fonction

publique europenne, in Renaud Dehousse et Yves Surrel (eds) Linstitutionnalisation de
lEurope, lharmattan (version disponible sur le site de lAFSP/congrs de Lille).

Hooghe, Liesbet (2005) "Several Roads Lead to International Norms, but few via
International Socialization. A Case Study of the European Commission". International
Organization (Special Issue) Vol. 59 (Fall): 861-898.

Kassim, Hussein (2004) The Secretariat General of the European Commission, 1958-2003 :
a singular institution in A. Smith (ed) Politics and the European Commission: actors,
interdependence, legitimacy, London; New York : Routledge.

Kassim, H. (2006) The Secretariat General of the European Commission, in D. Spence with
G. Edwards (eds) The European Commission, 3rd Edition, London: John Harper Publishing:
75- 97

2.1. The College of Commissioners

Donnelly, M. and Ritchie, E. (1997) The College of Commissioners and their cabinets in D.
Spence and G. Edwards (eds) The European Commission, 2nd edition, London: Cartermill.

Egeberg, M. (2006) Executive politics as usual: role behaviour and conflict dimensions in the
College of European Commissioners, Journal of European Public Policy, Vol. 13, No. 1: 1-
15.

Gerven, W. van, (2000) Ethical and Political Responsibility of EU Commissioners,

Common Market Law Review, Vol. 37, No.1: 16.

Gerven, W. van, (2005) Political Accountability of EU Commissioners in Gerven, W. Van

(ed) The European Union. A Polity of States and Peoples, London: Hart Publishing

3
 Studying the European Commission A review of the literature

Joanna, Jean et Smith Andy (2002) Les commissaires europens : technocrates, diplomates
ou politiques ?, Paris: Presses de Sciences Po.

MacMullen, A. L. (1996) "Evaluating Integration Theory: The Appointment of European

Commissioners", Diplomacy & Statecraft, vol. 7, no. 1: 221-243.

MacMullen, A. (2000) European Commissioners: national routes to a European elite, in

Nugent, N (ed.). At the Heart of the Union: Studies of the European Commission,
Basingstoke: Macmillan Press.

Page, E. C., and Wouters, L. (1994) Bureaucratic Politics and Political Leadership in
Brussels, Public Administration, vol 72, no. 2: 445-59.

Peterson, J. (2006) The College of Commissioners, in J. Peterson and M. Shackleton (eds)

(2006) The Institutions of the European Union, 2nd edition, Oxford and New York: Oxford
University Press.

Smith A. (2003) Why European Commissioners Matter, Journal of Common Market

Studies, Vol. 41, No. 1: 137-155.

Spence, D. (2006) The President, the College and the Cabinets, in D. Spence with G.
Edwards (eds) The European Commission, 3rd Edition, London: John Harper Publishing: 25-
74.

2.2. Election of the Commission President

Hix, S. (1997) Executive Selection in the European Union: Does the Commission President
Investiture Procedure Reduce the Democratic Deficit?, European Integration online Papers
(EIoP) Vol. 1, No. 21, available at http://eiop.or.at/eiop/texte/1997-021a.htm

Hix, S. (2000) Executive Selection in the European Union: Does the Commission President
Investiture Procedure Reduce the Democratic Deficit? in Neunreither, K., Wiener, A. (eds.)
(2000) European Integration After Amsterdam - Institutional Dynamics and Prospects for
Democracy, Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press

Laver, M.J., Gallagher, M., Marsh, M., Singh, R. & Tonra, B. (1995) Electing the President
of the European Commission, Trinity Blue Papers in Public Policy: 1, Dublin: Trinity
College.

4
 Studying the European Commission A review of the literature

2.3. Senior Commission officials

Bellier, Irne (1994) "La Commission Europenne: Hauts Fonctionnaires et "Culture Du

Management"." Revue Franaise d'Administration Publique, 70: 253-62.

Georgakakis, D. et de Lassalle, M. (2005 Les directeurs gnraux de la Commission

europenne : premiers lments dune enqute prosoppographique, Regards Sociologiques,
p. 6-33.

Georgakakis, D. et de Lassalle, M. (2006) Leuropanisation du personnel politico-

administratif europen : sociographie des directeurs gnraux de la Commission europenne,
in O. Baisne et R. Pasquier (eds) Leuropanisation des socits nationales, Paris:CNRS,
sous presses

Georgakakis, D. (1999) Les ralits dun mythe : figure de leurocrate et institutionnalisation

de lEurope politique in D. Dulong et V. Dubois (eds), La question technocratique,
Strasbourg: Presses Universitaires de Strasbourg, collection science politique de lEurope ,
pp. 109-128

Hooghe, L. (1997) Serving 'Europe' Political Orientations of Senior Commission Officials,

European Integration online Papers (EIoP) Vol. 1, No. 8, available at
http://eiop.or.at/eiop/texte/1997-008a.htm

Hooghe, L. (1998) Supranational Activists or Intergovernmental Agents? Explaining the

Orientations of Senior Commission Officials Towards European Integration, EUI Robert
Schuman Centre, 1998/36.

Hooghe, L. (1999), Images of Europe: Orientations to European Integration among Senior

Officials of the Commission, British Journal of Political Science, Vol. 29 Issue 2: 345-367.

Hooghe, L (1999), Supranational Activists or Intergovernmental Agents? Explaining the

Orientations of Senior Commission Officials towards European Integration, Comparative
Political Studies, 32 (4), 435-463.

2.4. Jacques Delors Commission and Cabinet

Drake, H. (2000) Jacques Delors: Perspectives on a European Leader, London and New
York: Routledge.

Drake, Helen, 2002, Jacques Delors en Europe, Histoire et sociologie d'un leadership
improbable, (traduit de l'anglais par Thomas Libault), Strasbourg: Presses universitaires de
Strasbourg.

Endo, K. (1999) The Presidency of the European Commission under Jacques Delors : the
politics of shared leadership, Basingstoke and New York: Macmillan Press and St. Martins
Press in association with St. Antonys College, Oxford

5
 Studying the European Commission A review of the literature

Grant, Charles (1994) Jacques Delors. The House that Jacques Built. London: Nicholas
Brearly.

Ross, G. (1994) Inside the Delors Cabinet, Journal of Common Market Studies 32, No. 4:
499-523.

Ross, G. (1995) Jacques Delors and European Integration. Oxford and New York: Oxford
University Press

3. Reform of the Commission

Bauer, M. W. (2002) Reforming the European Commission A (missed?) Academic

Opportunity, European Integration online Papers (EioP) Vol. 6 No. 8;
http://eiop.or.at/eiop/texte/2002-008a.htm.

Bearfield, D. (2004) Reforming the European Commission: Driving Reform from the
Grassroots, Public Policy and Administration, Vol. 19, No. 3: 13-24.

Christiansen, T and Gray, M. (2003) The Convention on the Future of the EU

The European Commission and Treaty Reform, Eipascope 2003/3: 10-18.

Cini, M. (2000) Organizational Culture and Reform: The Case of the European Commission
under Jacques Santer, EUI Robert Schuman Centre, 2000/25.

Cini, M. (2001) Reforming the European Commission: an Organisational Culture

Perspective, Queens Papers on Europeanisation, No 11/2001.

Cini, M. (2004) Norms, Culture and the Kinnock White Paper: The Theory and Practice of
Cultural Change in the Reform of the Commission in D. G. Dimitrakopoulos (ed) The
Changing European Commission, Manchester: Manchester University Press.

Cini, M. (2004) The Reform of the European Commission: An Ethical Perspective, Public
Policy and Administration, Vol. 19, No. 3: 42-54.

Coull, J. and Lewis, C. (2003) The Impact of the Staff Regulations in Making the
Commission a More Modern and Efficient Organization: an Insiders Perspective,
Eipascope, 2003 Vol. 3: 2-9.

Cram, L. (2001) Whither the Commission? Reform, renewal and the issue attention cycle,
Journal of European Public Policy, Vol. 8, No. 5: 770-786.

Davignon, E. (1995) The Challenges that the Commission must confront in Philip Morris
Institute, What future for the European Commission?, Brussels: Philip Morris Institute.

Dercks, L. (2001) The European Commissions business ethics: a critique of proposed

reforms, Business Ethics: A European Review, Vol. 10, No. 4: 346-359.

6
 Studying the European Commission A review of the literature

Dimier, V. (2004) Administrative Reform as Political Control Lessons from DG VIII, 1958-
1975 in D. G. Dimitrakopoulos (ed) The Changing European Commission, Manchester:
Manchester University Press.

Dimitrakopoulos, D. G. and H. Kassim (eds) (2004) Domestic Preference Formation and EU

Treaty Reform, Special Edition of Comparative European Politics, Vol. 2, No. 3: 241-60.

Dimitrakopoulos, D. G. and H. Kassim (2005) Inside the European Commission: Preference

Formation and the Convention on the Future of Europe, Comparative European Politics,
Vol. 3, No. 2: 180-203.

Georgakakis, Didier (2002) "Une mobilisation formatrice : les eurofonctionnaires contre la

rforme du statut (printemps 1998)" in D. Georgakakis (ed) Les mtiers de lEurope politique.
Acteurs et professionnalisations de lUnion europenne, Strasbourg: Presses universitaires de
Strasbourg: 55-84.

Gray, B. (2004) The Commissions Culture of Financial Management and its Reform,
Public Policy and Management, vol. 19, no. 3: 55-60.

Hine, D. and McMahon, R. (2004) Ethics management, cultural change, and the ambiguities
of European Commission reform, Oxford: Paper of the Department of Politics and
International Relations.

Joerges, C. (2002) The Commissions White Paper on Governance in the EU: A Sympton of
Crisis?, Common Market Law Review Vol. 39, Issue 3: 441-445.

Kassim, Hussein (2004) A historic accomplishment ? The Prodi Commission and

administrative reform, in Dimitrakopoulos, D G, 2004, p. 33-62.

Kassim, H (2004) The Kinnock Reforms in Perspective: Why Reforming the Commission is
an heroic, but thankless, task, Public Policy and Administration, 19 (3): 25-41.

Kinnock, N. (2002) Accountability and Reform of Internal Control in the European

Commission, Political Quarterly, 73 (1): 21-28.

Kinnock, N. (2003) Confused Expectations: a Reply, Public Money and Management, 23

(2): 80-82.

Kinnock, N. (2004) The Reform of the European Commission, Eipascope, No.1: 6-9.

Kinnock, N. (2004) Reforming the European Commission: Organisational Challenges and

Advances, in Public Policy and Administration, 19 (3): 7-12

Lebessis, N. and Paterson, J (1999) Improving the Effectiveness and the Legitimacy of EU
Governance: A Review of the Geneva Workshop of 21-22 May 1999 and a Possible Reform
Agenda for the Commission, Forward Studies Unit Working Paper, CdP (99).

7
 Studying the European Commission A review of the literature

Levy, R. (2003) Critical Success Factors in Public Management Reform: The Case of the
European Commission, International Review of Administrative Sciences, Vol. 69, No. 4:
553-566

Levy, R (2004) Between rhetoric and reality: implementing public management reform in
the European Commission, International Journal of Public Sector Management, 17 (2): 166-
177.

Levy, R. P. (2006) European Commission overload and the pathology of management

reform: garbage cans, rationality and risk aversion, Public Administration, Vol. 84, No. 2:
423-39.

Metcalfe, L. (1999) Reforming the Commission, Eipascope, No.3: 3-9.

Metcalfe L. (2000) Reforming the Commission: Will Organizational Efficiency Produce

Effective Governance?, Journal of Common Market Studies, Vol. 38, No. 5: 817-841.

Metcalfe, L (2004) European policy management: future challenges and the role of the
Commission, Public Policy and Administration, Vol. 19, No. 3:77-94.

Peterson, J. (2004) The Prodi Commission: fresh start or free fall? in D. G.

Dimitrakopoulos (ed) The Changing European Commission, Manchester: Manchester
University Press.

Schn-Quinlivan, E. (2002) Breaking down the barriers? New public management in the
European Commission, Journal of Public Affairs, Vol. 2, No. 2: 19-32.

Schn-Quinlivan, E. (2006) Administrative reform of the European Commission: from

rhetoric to re-legitimisation, EU-CONSENT on-line paper, available from http://www.eu-
consent.net/content.asp?contenttype=Publications.

Schn-Quinlivan, E. (2006) The impact of new public management on the European

Commission: A matter of rhetoric? Paper delivered in June 2006 at the second EU-
CONSENT workshop of Package IV, Sciences Po, Paris, http://www.eu-
consent.net/content.asp?contenttype=Publications.

Schn-Quinlivan, E. (2006) Preparing for EU enlargement: an analysis of institutional

change and administrative reform in the European Commission (1958-2000), paper prepared
for EU-CONSENT PhD school, Budapest, 29 April 6May 2006, http://www.eu-
consent.net/content.asp?contenttype=Publications.

Spence D. (2000) Plus ca change, plus cest la meme chose? Attempting to reform the
European Commission, Journal of European Public Policy, Vol. 7, No. 1: 1-25.

Stevens, H. and A. Stevens (2006) The internal reform of the Commission, in D. Spence
with G. Edwards (eds) The European Commission, London: John Harper Publishing, 3rd
edition: 454-480.

Vos, E. (2000) Reforming the European Commission: What Role to Play for EU Agencies?,
Common Market Law Review, Vol. 37, No. 5: 1113-34.

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 Studying the European Commission A review of the literature

Wincott, D. (2001) Looking Forward or Harking Back? The Commission and the
Reform of Governance in the European Union, Journal of Common Market
Studies, Vol. 39, No. 5: 897911.

4. The Commission and EU Policy

4.1. The Commission and monetary integration

Jabko, N. (1999) In the name of the Market: how the European Commission paved the way
for monetary union, Journal of European Public Policy, Vol. 6, No. 3: 475 495

Maes, Ivo (2004) Macroeconomic and Monetary Thought at the European Commission in
the 1960s, EUI RSC 2004/01.

Maes, Ivo, (2006) The ascent of the European Commission as an actor in the monetary
integration process in the 1960s, Scottish Journal of Political Economy, Vol. 53 Issue 2: 222-
41.

4.2. The Commission and Justice and Home Affairs

Lewis, R and Spence, D. (2006) The Commissions role in freedom, security and justice and
the threat of terrorism in D. Spence with G. Edwards (eds) The European Commission, 3rd
Edition, London: John Harper Publishing: 293-312.

Monar, J (1994) The evolving Role of the Union Institutions in the Framework of the Third
Pillar in J. Monar and R. Morgan (eds) The Third Pillar of the European Union, Brussels:
European Interuniversity Press: 69-75

Nilsson, H. G. (2004) The Justice and Home Affairs Council in M. Westlake and D.
Galloway (eds) The Council of the European Union, London: John Harper.

Ucarer, E. M. (2001) From the Sidelines to Center Stage: Sidekick No More? The European
Commission in Justice and Home Affairs, European Integration online Papers (EIoP) Vol.
5, No. 5, available at http://eiop.or.at/eiop/texte/2001-005a.htm

Boswell, C. (2006) The European migration network and the symbolic functions of expert
knowledge, EU-CONSENT on-line paper, available at: http://www.eu-
consent.net/content.asp?contenttype=Publications&page_no=2&sortby=&advsrchpage=0

4.3. The Commission and EU foreign policy

Bruter M. (1999) Diplomacy without a state: the external delegations of the European
Commission, Journal of European Public Policy, Vol. 6, No. 2: 183-205.

Dimier, V. and McGeever, M. (2006) Diplomats Without a Flag: The Institutionalization of

the Delegations of the Commission in African, Caribbean and Pacific Countries, Journal of
Common Market Studies, Vol. 44, No. 3: 483-505.

9
 Studying the European Commission A review of the literature

Nugent N. and Saurugger, S. (2002) Organizational structuring: the case of the European
Commission and its external policy responsibilities, Journal of European Public Policy, Vol.
9, No. 3: 345 364.

Nuttall, S. (2006) The Commission and European Political Cooperation, in D. Spence with
G. Edwards (eds) The European Commission, 3rd Edition: John Harper Publishing: 341-355.

Smith, M. (2006)The Commission and external relations, in in D. Spence with G. Edwards

(eds) The European Commission, 3rd Edition: John Harper Publishing: 313-340

Spence, D. (2004) The Commissions External Service, Public Policy and Administration,
Vol.19, No. 3: 61-76.

Spence, D. (2006) The Commissions External Service, in D. Spence with G. Edwards

(eds) The European Commission, 3rd Edition, London: John Harper Publishing: 396-425

Spence, D. (2006) The Commission and the Common Foreign and Security Policy, in D.
Spence with G. Edwards (eds) The European Commission, 3rd Edition, London: John Harper
Publishing: 356-395.

4.4 The Commission and cohesion policy

Hooghe, L. (1996) Building a Europe with the Regions: The Changing Role of the European
Commission, in Hooghe, L (ed) Cohesion Policy and European Integration: Building Multi-
Level Governance, Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press.

Hooghe, L. (1996) The Politics of the European Commission under the Structural Funds, in
L.Hooghe (ed) Cohesion Policy and European Integration: Building Multilevel Governance,
Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press

Hooghe, Liesbet (1997) "A House with Different Views. The European Commission and
Cohesion Policy," In Nugent, 1997

4.5 The Commission and competition policy

From, J. (2002) Decision-making in a complex environment: a sociological institutionalist

analysis of competition policy decision-making in the European Commission, Journal of
European Public Policy, Vol. 9, No. 2: 219-37.

Wilks, S. (2005) Agency Escape: Decentralization or Dominance of the European

Commission in the Modernization of Competition Policy?, Governance, Vol. 18, No. 3: 431-
452.

4.6 The Commission and other policy sectors

Burns, C. (2006) The Commission and the Challenge of New Governance: Whither
Environmental Policy?, Draft Working Paper for EU-Consent Workshop, June 2006, Paris

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 Studying the European Commission A review of the literature

Cini, M. (1997) Administrative culture in the European Commission: the cases of

competition and environment, in Nugent, N. (ed.) At the Heart of the Union. Studies of the
European Commission, London: Macmillan: 71-88.

Cram, L. (1994) The European Commission as a Multi-Organization: Social Policy and IT

Policy in the EU, Journal of European Public Policy, Vol. 1, No. 2: 195-217.

Grnvall, J. (2000) Managing crisis in the European Union: The Commission and Mad
Cow Disease, Stockholm: CRISMART/Swedish National Defence College

Wendon, B. (1998) The Commission as image-venue entrepreneur in EU social policy,

Journal of European Public Policy, Vol.5, No. 2: 339 353.

Woll, C. (2006) The road to external representation: the European Commission's activism in
international air transport, Journal of European Public Policy, Vol. 13, No. 1: 52-69.

5. The Commission and European administration

Bodiguel, J. L. (1995) The civil service of the European Union, International Review of
Administrative Sciences, Vol. 61: 433-453.

Caillez, Julie (2004) Schuman City. Des fonctionnaires britanniques Bruxelles, Louvain:
Bruylant.

Checkel, Jeffery.T. (2005) "International Institutions and Socialization in Europe:

Introduction and Framework", International Organization (Special Issue) Vol. 59, No. 4:
801-826

Chiti E. (2000) The Emergence of a Community Administration: The Case of European

Agencies, Common Market Law Review, Vol. 37, Issue 2: 309-43

Christoph, J.B. (1993) The Effects of Britons in Brussels: the European Community and the
Culture of Whitehall, Governance, 6 (4): 518-537.

Drulak, P., J. Cesal and S. Hampl (2003) Interactions and Identities of Czech Civil Servants
on their way to the EU, Journal of European Public Policy, Vol. 10, No. 4: 637-654.

Egeberg, M. (1999) Transcending Intergovernmentalism? Identity and Role Perceptions of

National Officials in EU Decision-making, Journal of European Public Policy, Vol. 6, No.
3: 456-474.

Georgakakis, D. (2006) The European Civil Service as a Social Group, Paper delivered in
June 2006 at the second EU-CONSENT workshop of Package IV, Sciences Po, Paris.

Groenleer, M. (2006) The European Commission and Agencies, in D. Spence with G.

Edwards (eds) The European Commission, 3rd Edition, London: John Harper Publishing:
156-172.

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 Studying the European Commission A review of the literature

Guiraudon, Virginie (2000) Sociologie de l'Europe. Mobilisations, lites et configurations

institutionnelles, Cultures & Conflits, n38-39

Haas, Ernst (1958) Beyond the Nation-State. Functionalism and International Organization.
Stanford: Stanford University Press.

Haas, Ernst (1964) Technocracy, Pluralism, and the New Europe in Graubard, S. (ed) A
New Europe?, Cambridge MA: Harvard University Press.

Kassim, H. (2003) The European Administration: Between Europeanization and

Domestication in Hayward, J. and Menon, A. (eds) Governing Europe, Oxford and New
York: Oxford University Press.

Magnette, P. (1999) Controlling an international bureaucracy: the European Commission

between intergovernmentalism and parliamentarism, Studia Diplomatica, vol. 52, nos. 5-6:
269-284.

Mangenot, Michel (1998) Une cole europenne d'administration ? L'ENA et l'Europe,

Politix, n 43, p. 7-32.

Mangenot, Michel (2000) Une Europe Improbable. Les haut-fonctionnaire franais dans la
construction europenne, thse de science politique, IEP de Strasbourg.

Mangenot, Michel (2001) La revendication dune paternit. Les hauts fonctionnaires et le

style administratif de la Commission europenne (1958-1988) , Pole Sud, n 15, novembre,
p. 33-46.

Mangenot, Michel (2004) Des eurocrates si proches des lites tatiques : l'encadrement du
Secrtariat gnral du Conseil (1958-2002), Regards sociologiques, Numro 27 & 28

Menon, A. (2001) The French Administration in Brussels in Kassim, H., Menon, A., Peters,
B. G., Wright, V. (eds) The National Co-ordination of EU Policy Volume 2 - The Domestic
Level, Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Michelmann, Hans (1978) "Multinational Staffing and Organisational Functioning in the

Commission of the EEC." International Organization, vol. 32, no. 2: 477-96.

Page, E. C. (2001) The European Union and the Bureaucratic Mode of Production in
Menon, A. And Wright, V. (eds) From the Nation State to Europe - Essays in Honour of Jack
Hayward, Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press.

Scott C. (2002) The Governance of the European Union: The Potential for Multi-Level
Control, European Law Journal, Vol. 8, No. 1: 59-79.

Siotis, Jean (1964) "Some Problems of European Secretariats," Journal of Common Market
Studies, II, no. 3: 222-50.

12
 Studying the European Commission A review of the literature

Smith Andy (2003) "Who governs in Brussels ? Une comparaison des configurations de
leadership de Delors, Santer et Prodi", in Smith, Andy et Sorbet, Claude (eds) Le leadership
politique et le territoire. Les cadres danalyse en dbat, Rennes: Presses Universitaires de
Rennes.

Smith, Andy (2004) Politics and the European Commission. Actors, interdependence,
legitimacy, London and New York: Routledge.

Spence, D. (2006) The Directorates General and the Services: Structures, functions and
Procedures in D. Spence with G. Edwards (eds) The European Commission, 3rd Edition,
London: John Harper Publishing: 128-155.

Spence, D. and A. Stevens (2006) Staff and personnel policy in the Commission in D.
Spence with G. Edwards (eds) The European Commission, 3rd Edition, London: John Harper
Publishing: 173-208.

Stevens, A. and Stevens, H. (2001) Brussels Bureaucrats? The Administration of the

European Union, Basingstoke and New York: Palgrave.

Stevens, A. with Levy, R. (2006) Gender and Management in the European Commission in
McTavish, Duncan and Karen Miller (eds) Women In Leadership And Management
Cheltenham: Edward Elgar.

Trondal Jarl (2004) Political Dynamics of the Parallel Administration of the European
Commission, in Smith, Andy (2004), p. 67-82.

Trondal Jarl (2006) An Institutional Perspective on Representation. Ambiguous

representation in the European Commission, Working papers Eiop, 13 June 2006.

Trondal, J. (2001) The Parallel Administration of the European Commission. National

Officials in European Clothes?, ARENA Working Papers WP 01/25, available at
http://www.arena.uio.no/publications/wp01_25.htm

Trondal, J and Veggeland, F. (2003) Access, Voice and Loyalty. The Representation of
Domestic Civil Servants in EU Committees, Journal of European Public Policy, Vol. 10,
No. 1: 59-77.

Willis, V. (1983) Britons in Brussels officials in the European Commission and Council
Secretariat, [London] Published jointly by the European Centre for Political Studies and the
Royal Institute of Public Administration.

6. Fraud and maladministration in the Commission

Buitenen, Paul van, (2000) Blowing the Whistle, London: Politicos Publishing.

Georgakakis, Didier (2001) La dmission de la Commission europenne : scandale et

tournant institutionnel , Cultures et conflits, (oct. 1998 - mars 1999): 39-71.

13
 Studying the European Commission A review of the literature

Laffan, B. (2006) Financial Control: the Court of Auditors and OLAF , in J. Peterson and
M. Shackleton (eds) (2006) The Institutions of the European Union, 2nd edition, Oxford and
New York: Oxford University Press.

Pujas V. (2003) The European Anti-Fraud Office (OLAF): a European policy to fight against
economic and financial fraud?, Journal of European Public Policy, Vol. 10, No. 5: 778-797.

6.1. The Committee of Independent Experts

Lequesne C. And Rivaud P. (2003) The Committees of Independent Experts: expertise in the
service of democracy?, Journal of European Public Policy, Vol. 10, No. 5: 695-709.

MacMullen A. (1999) Fraud, mismanagement and nepotism: The Committee of Independent

Experts and the fall of the European Commission 1999, Crime, Law and Social Change, Vol.
31, No 3: 193-208.

6.2. The Commissions 1999 resignation

Craig P. (2000) The Fall and Renewal of the Commission: Accountability, Contract and
Administrative Organisation, European Law Journal, Vol. 6, No. 2: 98-116.

Dinan, D. (2000) Governance and Institutions 1999: Resignation, Reform and Renewal,
Journal of Common Market Studies, Vol. 38, Issue s1: 25-41.

Georgakakis, D. (2004), Was it really just poor communication? Lessons from the Santer
Commissions resignation in A. Smith (ed.) Politics and the European Commission. Actors,
interdependence, legitimacy, London: Routledge: 119-133.

Hix, S. and Lord, C. (1996) The making of a President: the European Parliament and the
Confirmation of Jacques Santer as President of the Commission, Government and
Opposition, Vol. 31, No. 1: 62-76.

MacMullen, A. (1999) Political responsibility for the administration of Europe: the

commission's resignation March 1999, Parliamentary Affairs, vol 52, no.4: 703-18.

Peterson, J (1999) Jacques Santer: the EUs Gorbachev, ECSA Review, 12, 4: 4-6.

Peterson J. (1999) The Santer era: the European Commission in normative, historical and
theoretical perspective, Journal of European Public Policy, Vol. 6, No. 1: 46-65.

Ringe, N. (2005) Government-opposition dynamics in the European Union: The Santer

Commission resignation crisis, European Journal of Political Research, Vol. 44, No. 5: 671-
696.

Tomkins, A. (1999) Responsibility and resignation in the European Commission, The

Modern Law Review, September: 744-65.

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 Studying the European Commission A review of the literature

Topan, A. (2002) The resignation of the Santer-Commission: the impact of 'trust' and
'reputation', European Integration online Papers (EIoP), Vol. 6, No. 14, available at
http://eiop.or.at/eiop/texte/2002-014a.htm

7. Legitimacy, transparency and accountability

Christiansen, T. (1997) Legitimacy Dilemmas of Supranational Governance: The European

Commission Between Accountability and Independence, EUI RSC 1997/74.

Christiansen T. (1997) Tensions of European governance: politicized bureaucracy and

multiple accountability in the European Commission, Journal of European Public Policy,
Vol. 4, No. 1: 73-90.

Curtin, D. (2001) The Commission as Sorcerers Apprentice? Reflections on EU Public

Administration and the Role of Information Technology in Holding Bureaucracy
Accountable, in Joerges, C., Meny, Y., Weiler, J. (eds) Mountain or Molehill? A Critical
Appraisal of the Commission White Paper on Governance, initiative of EUI and New York
School of Law, http://www.jeanmonnetprogram.org/papers/01/011801.html

Dimier, Vronique (2001) Du bon usage de la tourne ; propagande et stratgie de

lgitimation au sein de la direction gnrale dveloppement (1958-1970), Pole Sud, n 15,
novembre: 19-32.

Georgakakis, Didier (2001) Les instrumentalisations de la morale. Lutte anti-fraude,

scandale et nouvelle gouvernance europenne, in J.-L. Briquet et P. Garraud, (eds) Juger la
politique, Presses universitaires de Rennes, coll Res Publica : 263-286.

Gerven, W. van, (2005) Improving the Commissions Accountability, in Gerven, W. van,

The European Union. A Polity of States and Peoples, Hart Publishing

Matlary, J.H. (1998) Democratic Legitimacy and the Role of the Commission, in Follesdal,
A. and Koslowski, P. (ed.) Democracy and the European Union, Berlin and New York:
Springer.

Nuttall, S. (1996) The Commission: The Struggle for Legitimacy, in C. Hill (ed) The Actors
in Europes Foreign Policy, London and New York: Routledge.

Peterson, J. (1995) Playing the Transparency Game: Consultation and Policy-Making in the
European Commission, Public Administration, Vol. 73, No. 3: 473-92.

Settembri, P. (2005) Transparency and the EU Legislator: Let He Who is Without Sin Cast
the First Stone, Journal of Common Market Studies, Vol. 43, No. 3: 637-654.

Suvarierol, S. (2006) Politics and the European Commission: Actors, Interdependence,

Legitimacy, Acta Politica, Vol. 41, No. 1: 101-104.

Tsakatika, M. (2005) Claims to Legitimacy: The European Commission between Continuity

and Change, Journal of Common Market Studies, Vol. 43, No.1:193-220.

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 Studying the European Commission A review of the literature

Wincott, D. (2002) The Governance White Paper, the Commission and the Search for
Legitimacy in Arnull, A. and Wincott, D. (eds) Accountability and Legitimacy in the
European Union, Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press.

8. Lobbying

Bouwen P. (2002) Corporate lobbying in the European Union: the logic of access, Journal
of European Public Policy, Vol. 9, No. 3: 365-390.

Broscheid, A. and D. Coen (2003) Insider and Outsider Lobbying of the European
Commission, European Union Politics, Vol. 4, No. 2: 265-289.

Coen D. (1997) The European Business Lobby, Business Strategy Review, Vol. 8, No. 4:
17-25.

Mazey, S., Richardson, J. (2001) Institutionalizing Promiscuity: Commission-Interest Group

Relations in the European Union. in Stone Sweet, A., Sandholtz, W., Fligstein, N. (eds) The
Institutionalization of Europe, Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press.

Mazey, S. and Richardson, J. (2003) Interest Groups and the Brussels Bureaucracy, in
Hayward, J. and Menon, A. (eds) Governing Europe, Oxford and New York: Oxford
University Press.

Mazey, S and J. Richardson (2006) The Commission and the Lobby, in D. Spence with G.
Edwards (eds) The European Commission, 3rd Edition, London: John Harper Publishing:
279-292.

9. Powers and role of the Commission

Bodiguel, Jean-Louis (1994) Les fonctions publiques dans l'Europe des douze, Paris: LGDJ.

Brzel, T. A. (2003) Guarding the Treaty: The Compliance Strategies of the European
Commission in Brzel, T. A. and Cichowski, R. A. (eds.) The State of the European Union
Law, Politics, and Society Vol. 6, Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press.

Broberg, M.P.(2003) The European Commissions jurisdiction to scrutinise mergers,

International Law Publications (2nd edition), European Monographs; 16

Christiansen, T. and K. Jrgensen (1998) Negotiating Treaty Reform in the European Union:
The role of the European Commission, International Negotiation, Vol. 3, No. 3: 435-452.

Christiansen, T. (2002) The Role of Supranational Institutions in EU Treaty Reform,

Journal of European Public Policy , Vol.9, No.1: 33-53.

Dinan, D. (1997) The Commission and Intergovernmental Conferences in Nugent, N. (ed)

At the Heart of the Union: Studies of the European Commission, Houndmills: Macmillan.

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 Studying the European Commission A review of the literature

Dinan, D. (2005) Governance and Institutions: A New Constitution and a New

Commission, Journal of Common Market Studies, Vol. 43, No.S1: 37-54.

Docksey, C. and Williams, K. (1994) 'The Commission and the execution of Community
policy', in Edwards, G. and Spence, D. (ed.) The European Commission, Harlow: Longman:
117-45.

Franchino, F. (1998) Institutionalism and Commissions Executive Discretion: an Empirical

Analysis, European Integration online Papers (EIoP), Vol. 2 No. 6, available at
http://eiop.or.at/eiop/texte/1998-006.htm

Franchino, F. (1999) The Determinants of Control of Commissions Executive Functions,

European Integration online Papers (EIoP), Vol. 3 No. 2, available at
http://eiop.or.at/eiop/texte/1999-002a.htm

Gray, M. and Spence, D. (2006) The Commission and Intergovernmental Conferences, in

D. Spence and G. Edwards (eds) The European Commission, John Harper Publishing: 426-
453.

Hall B. (2000) European Governance and the Future of the Commission, London : Centre for
European Reform, available at http://www.cer.org.uk/publications/wp_governance.html

Laffan, B. (1997) From Policy Enterpreneur to Policy Manager: The Challenge

Facing the European Commission, Journal of European Public Policy, Vol. 4, No. 3: 422
38.

Lequesne, Ch. (2000) The European Commission: A balancing act between autonomy and
dependence in Neunreither, K. and Wiener, A. (eds) European Integration After Amsterdam -
Institutional Dynamics and Prospects for Democracy, Oxford and New York: Oxford
University Press

Levy, R. (1997) Managing the Managers: The Commission's Role in the Implementation of
Spending Programmes in Nugent, N. (ed.) At the Heart of the Union. Studies of the
European Commission, London: Macmillan

Metcalfe, L. (1992) After 1992: Can the Commission Manage Europe?, Australian Journal
of Public Administration, vol. 51, no. 1: 117-130.

Metcalfe, L (1996) Building capacities for integration: the future role of the Commission,
Eipascope, No. 2: 2-8.

Metcalfe, L (1996) The European Commission as a Network Organization, Publius: The

Journal of Federalism, Vol. 26, No. 4: 43-62.

Moravcsik, Andrew (1999) A New Statecraft? Supranational Entrepreneurs and International

Cooperation, International Organisation, Vol. 53, n2, 267-306.

Nugent, N. (1995) The Leadership Capacity of the European Commission, Journal of

European Public Policy, Vol. 2, No. 4: 603-23.

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 Studying the European Commission A review of the literature

Page, Edward (1997) People Who Run Europe, Oxford and New York: Oxford University
Press.

Peterson, J. (2003) The European Commission: Plateau? Permanent Decline?, Collegium,

No. 26, 5-46.

Pollack, M. A. (2003) The Commission as an Agent: Delegation of Executive Power in the

European Union in Pollack, M. A. The Engines of European Integration - Delegation,
Agency, and Agenda Setting in the EU, Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press.

Rasmussen, A. (2003) The Role of the European Commission in Co-decision A strategic

facilitator operating in a situation of structural disadvantage, European Integration online
Papers (EIoP), Vol. 7 No. 10, available at http://eiop.or.at/eiop/texte/2003-010a.htm

Schnabel, Virginie (1998) lites europennes en formation : les tudiants du Collge de

Bruges, Politix, n 43: 33-53.

Vahl, R. (1997) Leadership in Disguise: The Role of the European Commission in EC

Decision-Making On Agriculture In The Uruguay Round, Aldershot: Ashgate (Perspectives
on Europe).

Wassenbergh, H. (2003) A Mandate to the European Commission to Negotiate Air

Agreements with Non-EU States: International Law versus EU Law, Air and Space Law,
Vol.28, No.1: 139-146.

10. Member States and the Commission

Chatzistavrou, Filippa (2004) "Les reprsentants permanents auprs de l'UE ou la redfinition

d'un rle politique europen", Regards sociologiques, n 27 & 28.

Cini, Michelle (1996) "La Commission europenne : lieu d'mergence de cultures

administratives", Revue Franaise de Science Politique, Vol. 46, N 3, Juin 1996.

Cohen, Antonin (1998) "Le Plan Schuman de Paul Reuter. Entre communaut nationale et
fdration europenne", Revue franaise de science politique, Vol. 48, No. 5, octobre: 645-
663.

Doleys T. J. (2000) Member states and the European Commission: theoretical insights from
the new economics of organization, Journal of European Public Policy, Vol. 7, No. 4: 532-
553.

Egeberg, Morten (1996) "Organization and Nationality in the European Commission

Services", Public Administration, Vol. 74, No. 4: 721-35.

Egeberg, Morten (1999) "Transcending Intergovernmentalism? Identity and Role Perceptions

of National Officials in EU Decision-Making", Journal of European Public Policy, Vol. 6,
No. 3: 456-74.

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 Studying the European Commission A review of the literature

Kassim, Hussein et Menon Anand (2003) Les Etats membres de l'UE et la commission
Prodi, Revue Franaise de Science Politique, vol.53, n4, aot 2003

Lang, J. T. (2002) How much do the Smaller Member States Need the European
Commission? The Role of the Commission in a Changing Europe, Common Market Law
Review, Vol. 39: 31535.

Lindberg, Leon (1963) The Political Dynamics of European Economic Integration, Stanford:
Stanford University Press.

Smith, Keith A. (1973) "The European Economic Community and National Civil Servants of
the Member States - A Comment", International Organization, Vol. 27, No. 4: 563-568.

11. The Commission and other EU institutions

Burns C. (2004) Codecision and the European Commission: a study of declining influence?,
Journal of European Public Policy, Vol. 11, No. 1: 1-18.

Christiansen T. (2001) Intra-institutional politics and inter-institutional relations in the EU:

towards coherent governance?, Journal of European Public Policy, Vol. 8, No. 5: 747-769.

Diedrichs, U. and Wessels, W. (2006) The Commission and the Council, in D. Spence with
G. Edwards (eds) The European Commission, 3rd Edition, London: John Harper Publishing:
209-234

Kietz, D. and Maurer, A. (2006) The European Parliament in Treaty Reform:

Predefining IGCs through Interinstitutional Agreements with the Commission and Council,
EU-CONSENT on-line paper, available at: http://www.eu-
consent.net/content.asp?contenttype=Publications&page_no=2&sortby=&advsrchpage=0

Lang, J. T. (1995) The role of the Commission and qualified majority voting: a unique
relationship with the Council, Dublin : Institute of European Affairs

Larsson, T., Trondal, J. (2005) After Hierarchy? Domestic Executive Governance and the
Differentiated Impact of the European Commission and the Council of Ministers, European
Integration online Papers (EIoP) Vol. 9, No. 14, available at http://eiop.or.at/eiop/texte/2005-
014a.htm

Laruelle, A. and Widgrn, M. (1997) The Development of the Division of Power among the
European Commission, the Council and the European Parliament, CEPR Discussion Papers
1600, C.E.P.R. Discussion Papers.

Majone, G. (2002) The European Commission: The Limits of Centralization and the Perils of
Parliamentarization Governance, Vol. 15, No. 3: 37592.

Middlemas, Keith (1995) Orchestrating Europe: The Informal Politics of the European
Union. London: Fontana Press.

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 Studying the European Commission A review of the literature

Muntean, A. M. (2000) The European Parliaments Political Legitimacy and the

Commissions Misleading Management: Towards a Parliamentarian European Union?,
European Integration online Papers (EIoP) Vol. 4, No. 5, available at
http://eiop.or.at/eiop/texte/2000-005a.htm

Napel, S. and Widgrn, M. (2006) The European Commission - Appointment, Preferences

and Institutional Relations, CEPR Discussion Papers 5478, C.E.P.R.

Nieto, E. (2005) The Strengthening of the Commission Competences by the Constitutional

Treaty and the Principle of Balance of Power, EUI RSC 2005/03.

Schmidt, S. K.( 2000) Only an Agenda Setter? The European Commissions Power over the
Council of Ministers, European Union Politics, Vol. 1, No. 1: 37-61

Selck, T. J. and Rhinard, M. (2005) Pares Inter Pares? The Bargaining Success of the
Commission, the Council, and the Parliament in European Union Legislative Negotiations,
Swiss Political Science Review, Vol. 11, No. 3: 123-140.

Stacey, J. (2003) Displacement of the Council via Informal Dynamics? Comparing the
Commission and the Parliament, Journal of European Public Policy, Vol. 10, No. 6: 93655.

Thomson, R. and Hosli, M. (2006) Who Has Power in the EU? The Commission, Council
and Parliament in Legislative Decision-making, Journal of Common Market Studies, Vol. 44
Issue 2: 391-417.

Tsebelis G. And Garrett G. (2001) The Institutional Foundation of Intergovernmentalism and

Supranationalism in the European Union, International Organization, Vol. 55, No. 2: 357-
390.

Westlake, M. (1994) The Commission and the Parliament: Partners and Rivals in the
European Policy-Making Process, London : Butterworths

Westlake, M. (2006) The European Commission and the European Parliament, in D.

Spence with G. Edwards (eds) The European Commission, 3rd Edition, London: John Harper
Publishing: 263-278.

12. Enlargement and the Commission

Coombes, David (1968) Towards a European Civil Service, London: Chatham House.

Peterson, J. (2007) The Enlarged European Commission, Journal of European Public

Policy, vol. 15, no. 4 (forthcoming), earlier draft available on line as Notre Europe Policy
Paper at http://www.notre-europe.asso.fr/sommaire.php3?lang=en.

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 Studying the European Commission A review of the literature

13. Other works (of history, anthropology, public administration, etc.)

Abls, Marc, and Irne Bellier (1996) "La Commission europenne: du compromis culturel
la culture politique du compromis," Revue Franaise de Science Politique. Volume 46, n 3,
Juin: 431-56.

Abls, Marc (1998) "Homo communautarus" in Riva Kastoryano (ed) Quelle identit pour
l'Europe ? Le multiculturalisme l'preuve, Paris: Presses de Sciences Po.

Bellier, I. (1997) The Commission as an Actor: An Antropologists view in H. Wallace and

A. Young (eds.) Participation and Policy-Making in the European Union, Oxford: Clarendon
Press.

Bellier, Irne (1999) Le lieu du politique, lusage du technocrate in D. Dulong et V. Dubois,

(eds) La question technocratique, Strasbourg, Presses Universitaires de Strasbourg, collection
science politique de lEurope , p. 109-128

Bellier, I. (2000) A Europeanized Elite? An Anthropology of European Commission

Officials, Yearbook of European Studies, 14: 135-156.

Conrad, Yves (1989) Jean Monnet et les dbuts de la fonction publique europenne: la haute
autorit de la CECA, 1952-1953, Ciaco: Louvain-la-Neuve.

Conrad, Yves (1992) "La Communaut Europenne Du Charbon et de l'Acier et la Situation

de Ses Agents. Du Rgime Contractuel Au Rgime Statutaire (1952-1958)." Jahrbuch Fr
Europische Verwaltungsgeschichte, 4 (Die Anfnge de Verwaltung de Europischen
Gemeinschaft): 59 - 74.

Georgakakis, Didier (2002) "LEurope sur le mtier. Pour une sociologie des professionnels
des questions europennes" in D. Georgakakis (ed) Les mtiers de lEurope politique. Acteurs
et professionnalisations de lUnion europenne, Strasbourg: Presses universitaires de
Strasbourg: 9-32.

Georgakakis, Didier (forthcoming) "La gouvernance de la gouvernance ou le leadership

politique contrari de la Commission", in de Lassalle, Marine et Georgakakis, Didier (eds) La
nouvelle gouvernance europenne. Les usages politiques dun concept, Strasbourg: Presses
universitaires de Strasbourg.

Ple Sud, numro special La commission europenne en politique(s)", n15, novembre 2001.

Regards sociologiques, numro spcial "Sur leurope", 2004 - Numro 27 & 28

Revue Franaise dAdministration publique, 1992, n 63.

Revue Franaise dAdministration publique, 2000, n 95, n spcial "lAdministration de

lUnion europenne".

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 Studying the European Commission A review of the literature

Robert, Ccile (2002) "La construction des comptences en situation dincertitude. Lexemple
du service Phare", in Georgakakis, 2002: 85-120.

Rogalla, Dieter (1982) La Fonction publique europenne, Paris: Nathan.

Shore, Cris, and Black Annabel (1992) "The European Communities and the Construction of
Europe", Anthropology Today, Vol. 8, No. 3, 10-11.

Shore, Cris (1999) Building Europe. London: Routledge.

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