Robotics Automotive Industry 27oct2015

Robotics in Automobile Industry
History, Presence and Future
Fachkonferenz
Roboter in der Automobilindustrie
Augsburg, Germany, October 27th 2015
Aachen, October 27th, 2015
Univ.-Prof. Dr. rer. nat. Sabina Jeschke
IMA/ZLW & IfU
Faculty of Mechanical Engineering
RWTH Aachen University
www.ima-zlw-ifu.rwth-aachen.de
Outline 2
I. Introduction The connected world

The fourth industrial revolution
and its implications to the car / mobility industry
The changes in the car industry: The product
and the production!
II. The Evolutionary Change: Automotive Production Tomorrow
Decentralized steering paradigms
Changes in intralogistic flows
Coupling to Logistics 4.0
Hybrid teams: new human-robot cooperation
3D-Printing
Robotics for eCars
III. The Revolutionary Change: Future Perspectives and Challenges
Robots in maintenance and repair
The car is a computer (!?)
Towards organic and cognitive computing
From embodiment to humanoids
IV. Summary
27.10.2015
S. Jeschke
The connected world
Breakthroughs A new era of artificial intelligence 3
Communication technology Embedded systems Watson

bandwidth and computational power miniaturization
2011
Semantic technologies
information integration
Google Car
2012
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S. Jeschke
The connected world
Breakthroughs Everybody and everything is networked 4
Communication technology Embedded systems

bandwidth and computational power miniaturization Car2Infra-
structure
Swarm
Robotics
Team
Robotics
Smart
Factory
Smart
Grid
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S. Jeschke
For other dimensions of take overs, see keynote Innovation 4.0:
The connected world http://www.ima-zlw-ifu.rwth-aachen.de/keynotes/LTLS_15Okt2015.pdf
The vendor change around cars 5
Characteristics of Industrial Revolutions:

The vendor change
Apple Inc.
Ford 021C concept car
2012, designed by Newson
now at Apple (1999)
Sony announced autonomous
Latest version of Googles car in 2015, based on their
self driving car (Huffington experience in visual sensors
Post, 28.5.2014)
Car specialists? No.

Connectivity & data
specialists.
Energy & sensor
Google: First autonomic car specialists. Tesla X 2015, other Teslas
with street license, 2012 since 2006; Forbes: most
innovative enterprise
Around 1750 Around 1900 Around 1970 Today
1st Industrial Revolution Power Revolution Digital Revolution Information Revolution
Mechanical production Centralized electric power Digital computing and Everybody and everything is
systematically using the infrastructure; mass production communication technology, networked networked
power of water and steam by division of labor enhancing systems intelligence information as a huge brain
27.10.2015
S. Jeschke
For other dimensions of take overs, see keynote Innovation 4.0:
The connected world http://www.ima-zlw-ifu.rwth-aachen.de/keynotes/LTLS_15Okt2015.pdf
The vendor change around cars 6
Characteristics of Industrial Revolutions:

The vendor change
Apple Inc.
Ford 021C concept car
2012, designed by Newson
now at Apple (1999)
Sony announced autonomous
Latest version of Googles car in 2015, based on their
self driving car (Huffington experience in visual sensors
Post, 28.5.2014)
An autonomous car is
more like a computer
on wheels than a car
which includes one or
Google: First autonomic car many computers. Tesla X 2015, other Teslas
with street license, 2012 since 2006; Forbes: most
innovative enterprise
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S. Jeschke
The connected world
Information Revolution implications for the car industry 7
Towards eMobility and eMobility components

Everybody and everything
is networked Big Data &
Cyber-Physical Systems
For the automobile industry,
that means:
The production is changing
AND
the product is changing !
In February 2015, Audi installed collaborative

robots Cobots in Ingolstadt, working
hand-in-hand with humans
Tesla X 2015, other Teslas since 2006; Forbes:
most innovative enterprise
local local
to global to global

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S. Jeschke
The connected world
Information Revolution implications for the car industry 8
Vision by pgottschalk
Concept car Mercedes F105
local local
to global to global

27.10.2015
S. Jeschke
The trend towards robotics
Googles prototype of its self-
Robots everywhere: Changes in the product driving car (05/2014) 9
built-from-scratch, no
California 1992: PATH steering-wheel or pedals
incl. cooperative driving test fleet of about 100 cars
Lidar/radar sensors, Technology: AI, fully
automated driving, automated driving, vision
platooning, real time analysis, big data,
communication
Similar Projects: in
Europe and Asia
USA in the 1950s:

Electronic Highway
Project by GM and RCA Bertha Benz Drive (09/2013)
Technology: inductive
S-Class: autonomous drive
cable in the road
on historical route
(Mannheim Pforzheim)
Japan 1977: IVS vision based Sensors: mainly standard
sensor technology today
binocular machine vision,
embedded into cars anyway
various control algorithms,
automated steering, 30 km/h
Similar Projects in Germany,
France and USA
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S. Jeschke
Robots everywhere: and in the production ! 10
GM uses the first robot in

automotive industry (1961)
UNIMATE, by Unimation Super motion control by ABB
pick-and-place + spot welding Robotics (2009)
enhanced real-time capability
Industrial One-Arm Bandit

(1968) Components from Schuler
based on UNIMATE pressroom (at BWM 2009)
first programmable Including Xbar robots
industrial robot Optimization by mimicking
First 6 axis robot (1973)
local intelligence (3rd ind. biological-inspired movements
revolution) FAMULUS, by KUKA
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Enhancing the
movements of robots
S. Jeschke
Robotics in automotive industry by the numbers and subsection 11
1980: approx. 1.200

industrial robots in Estimated world wide annual supply
IFR World Robotics; 2015

Germany. of industrial robots
229
2000: approx. 178
166 159
109.000 (about 120 121
97 112 114 113
750.000 world- 69 81
60
wide)
> 50% in 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014
automotive industry
Today, no other industry applies more robots
! Robotics are a part of nearly all areas of automotive industry
www.volkswagenag.com www.carmagazine.co.uk www.new.abb.com www.thetechjournal.net
Press Shop > 90 % Body Shop > 90 % Paint Shop > 90 % Assembly 20 %
27.10.2015
S. Jeschke
How automotive production is going to change
Evolutionary vs. revolutionary developments 12
What are the next steps in the What are the next steps in the
EVOLUTIONARY REVOLUTIONARY
development development
of car manufacturing? of car manufacturing?
27.10.2015
S. Jeschke
Outline 13

and the production!
3D-Printing
Robotics for eCars
IV. Summary
27.10.2015
S. Jeschke
Changes already under construction
With decentralized models towards lot size 1 14
Organization forms on demand individualized by client initialized by product

Heterogeneous player modeled as multi agent concept
Models from biology and social sciences
Transport
Based on autopoiesis & embodiment theory
unit
Product agitates as super-agent:
Plans production and transportation steps
! Requests services from agents
Negotiates with other products for agent-resources
Outside world
Production
unit
Daniel Ewert 2013

Fabrication
Virtual service
provider
27.10.2015
S. Jeschke
Horizontal coupling - manufacturing and logistics 15
Organization forms on demand individualized by client initialized by product

Heterogeneous player modeled as multi agent concept
Models from biology and social sciences
Transport
Based on autopoiesis & embodiment theory
unit
Product agitates as super-agent:
Plans production and transportation steps
! Requests service from agents
Negotiates with other products for agent-resources
Outside world
Konvoi 2005-2009, Production
RWTH with partners unit
(partly) autonomous
driving via convoys
Daniel Ewert 2013

Fabrication
Virtual service
provider
27.10.2015
S. Jeschke
Intralogistics goes mobile: The Festo Logistics League 16
Mobile transportation robots from flexible routing

Competencies:
localization & navigation
computer vision
! adaptive planning
multi agent strategies
sensory & hardware
Competitions robocup:
2012: 0 points in World Cup
2013: 4th in World Cup
2014: Winner of the GermanOpen
2014: Winner of the World Cup
2015: Winner of the World Cup
Critical factors for success:

Totally decentralized
No hard coded components
Strong cooperation
Re-planning during tasks
27.10.2015
S. Jeschke
Towards human-robot cooperation: hybrid teams 17
New body concepts for robots

New types of sensible robots, mainly lightweight
Real-time capability:
New fast sensors allows avoiding accidents in close cooperation
New intelligence models:
New AI for context understanding
Audis collaborative robots in
Ingolstadt, the Cobots pick up
components and pass them to workers
(02/2015) PhD Ying Wang, RRWTH, IMA/ZLW & IfU, 2016
Towards hybrid teams and in-the-box production
F.Welter Aachen F.Welter Aachen
27.10.2015
S. Jeschke
New materials and material handling 18
Starting from rapid prototyping, additive manufacturing is used in more an more areas
From maker movement to professional products
! 3D Printing The Path to Individualized Mass Production?
Already now, people consider

a 3D printer to be a type of
industrial robot. (Wikipedia)
Combining
3D print
and
Robotics
may lead to
totally new ways of
production technology
Multiple materials: photopolymers, thermoplastic powders,

! rubbers, ceramics, cements, metal alloys, noble metals, paper,
27.10.2015
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Automation for the power train of eCars 19
Production for eCars:

Challenge power train
Project Epromo mass production technology for eCars (IAO

Mercedes-Benz B Class Electric Drive: Fraunhofer, team technik, ): Today, profitable mass production
Tesla inside. Next version w/o Tesla, is still impossible as the automated manufacturing of power
own modules. drive components for electronic vehicles is still in its infancy
2nd picture: B class, Rastatt, both models (gasoline engine vs.

electric drive) on the same conveyor line:
the challenge is not the car overall, it is mainly given by
the (new) power drive components
new competencies required from the employees in
production, but the automation technology is still the same
27.10.2015
S. Jeschke
Outline 20

and the production!
3D-Printing
Robotics for eCars
IV. Summary
27.10.2015
S. Jeschke
What has to be expected?
Robots in maintenance and repair 21
Spontaneous reaction: well, repair is a very complicated part of (re-)fabrication since all cases
are different certainly, repair will be a very late phase of robot integration
TRUE? 5 somewhat crazy thoughts
1) Teslas Robotic Metal Snake Charger (youtube, 2015): not exactly repair but
maintenance. Concept could be adapted to other tasks as oil change etc.
5) Finally, research has

already developed self-
repairing robots if cars are
3) In medicine, all cases are going to be robots, the same
different due to the concept could be used
individuality of humans (youtube: Bongards robot
2) In the diagnosis before
however, robots have 2006)
the repair , computers
entered the medical field
(perceived as robot w/o
(picture: Da Vinci robot)
body) already have an
important role (pic.: default
memory, Bosch) 27.10.2015
S. Jeschke
New ways for internal construction of a car 22
If cars are to become computers on wheels

then the question is:
How do we produce computers
in the future ??
Robotized automation, FRIDA/ABB:

In 2011, Foxconn announced to install an army of an approach to the Foxbot?
one million robots in the coming 3 years mainly
for the fabrication of mobile computers as e.g.
iPhone 6.
the reason: costs, costs of labor are raising even
in China, and robots are cheaper anyway
In 2014, it became clear that high development
costs and rapid changes in technology have slowed
down progress.
However, since Sommer 2015 it is obvious that
Foxconn finally comes very close to its original
goals. Human workforce has already been reduced
Foxbots in Summer 2015 (youtube)
to one half.
27.10.2015
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From embodiment to humanoids 23
Embodiment theory I:
intelligence needs a body
The existence of a body (incl. sensors and actuators)
are basic prerequisites to build experience and
finally the development of intelligence.
Shadow Dexterous Hand
KIT, Dillmann,
SFB 588
Robonaut 2- NASA
The Bongard robot learning through

embodiment [Bongard, 2006; Lipson, 2007] Asimo Honda
Embodiment theory II:

different bodies = different intelligences Thus, the robotics in manufacturers
will change accordingly.
leading to humanoids / humanoid components
27.10.2015
S. Jeschke
Outline 24

and the production!
3D-Printing
Robotics for eCars
IV. Summary
27.10.2015
S. Jeschke
Summary
in four steps! 25
4.0: The Revolution of a

distributed artificial
intelligence
The two sides of the

coin: product AND
production
4th Industrial
Revolution
New materials and

The vendor change:
new material processing
New players enter
the market
27.10.2015
S. Jeschke
Thank you!
Univ.-Prof. Dr. rer. nat. Sabina Jeschke
Head of Institute Cluster IMA/ZLW & IfU
phone: +49 241-80-91110
sabina.jeschke@ima-zlw-ifu.rwth-aachen.de
Co-authored by:
Dr. phil. Max Haberstroh

Institute Cluster IMA/ZLW & IfU
phone: +49 241-80-91145
max.haberstroh@ima-zlw-ifu.rwth-aachen.de
Dr.-Ing. Tobias Meisen

Institute Cluster IMA/ZLW & IfU
phone: +49 241-80-91139
tobias.meisen@ima-zlw-ifu.rwth-aachen.de
www.ima-zlw-ifu.rwth-aachen.de
Prof. Dr. rer. nat. Sabina Jeschke 27
1968 Born in Kunglv/Schweden

1991 1997 Studies of Physics, Mathematics, Computer Sciences, TU Berlin
1994 NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA/USA
10/1994 Fellowship Studienstiftung des Deutschen Volkes
1997 Diploma Physics
1997 2000 Research Fellow , TU Berlin, Institute of Mathematics
2000 2001 Lecturer, Georgia Institute of Technology, GA/USA
2001 2004 Project leadership, TU Berlin, Institute for Mathematics
04/2004 Ph.D. (Dr. rer. nat.), TU Berlin, in the field of Computer Sciences
2004 Set-up and leadership of the Multimedia-Center at the TU Berlin
2005 2007 Juniorprofessor New Media in Mathematics & Sciences &
Director of the Multimedia-center MuLF, TU Berlin
2007 2009 Univ.-Professor, Institute for IT Service Technologies (IITS) & Director of the Computer
Center (RUS), Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Stuttgart
since 06/2009 Univ.-Professor, Head of the Institute Cluster IMA/ZLW & IfU, Department of
Mechanical Engineering, RWTH Aachen University
since 10/2011 Vice Dean of the Department of Mechanical Engineering, RWTH Aachen University
since 03/2012 Chairwoman VDI Aachen
since 05/2015 Supervisory Board of Krber AG, Hamburg
27.10.2015
S. Jeschke
New ways of steering and control mechanisms
And how do these systems work? 28
Communication technology Embedded systems

bandwidth and computational power miniaturization
?? Steering -
Controlling ??
Towards intelligent and (partly-)

autonomous systems AND systems of systems
around 1750 around 1900 around 1970 today
1st industrial revolution Power revolution Digital revolution Information revolution
27.10.2015
S. Jeschke
Vehicle concepts change dramatically 29
New vehicle concepts

Autonomous and cooperative driving lead to
new vehicle concepts and new tasks for the
driver
Mercedes F 015 Zoox Boz
Rinspeed XchangeE Peugeot Ozone
27.10.2015
S. Jeschke
Autonomous multimodal mobility structure 30
Concept of connected autonomous vehicles:

not limited to road traffic, but will instead effect
all modes of transport
Goal: accident, emission and congestion free
transport system
offers potential contributions to meet challenges www.cargocap.de
like urbanization, global warming, demographic Autonomous,

change and individualization. rail-bound caps
www.spektrum.de
www.iml.fraunhofer.de
Rolls Royce drone ships Swarms of autonomous

http://ocm.auburn.edu vehicles for intralogistics
Delivery by drones
Thus, the demands towards the manufacturers

will change accordingly.
27.10.2015
S. Jeschke
From organic to cognitive computing 31
Organic computing: Cognitive computing:

! Following social systems and biological models
! the simulation of human thought processes
Division of labor
Macro-scale Micro-scale
Hardware
Automation Multi-Core
SOFTWARE deep learning (e.g. Watson)

Software
Neural networks
Service Agent-
oriented based
Cognitive computing (CC) makes a new class of problems computable. It addresses complex situations
that are characterized by ambiguity and uncertainty - it handles human kinds of problems. To do this,
systems often need to weigh conflicting evidence and suggest an answer that is best rather than right.
27.10.2015
S. Jeschke

Robotics Automotive Industry 27oct2015

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Robotics in Automobile Industry

History, Presence and Future

I. Introduction The connected world

Communication technology Embedded systems Watson

Communication technology Embedded systems

Characteristics of Industrial Revolutions:

Car specialists? No.

Characteristics of Industrial Revolutions:

Towards eMobility and eMobility components

In February 2015, Audi installed collaborative

Around 1750 Around 1900 Around 1970 Today

Towards eMobility and eMobility components

Around 1750 Around 1900 Around 1970 Today

USA in the 1950s:

GM uses the first robot in

Industrial One-Arm Bandit

1980: approx. 1.200

IFR World Robotics; 2015

www.volkswagenag.com www.carmagazine.co.uk www.new.abb.com www.thetechjournal.net

Towards eMobility and eMobility components

I. Introduction The connected world

Organization forms on demand individualized by client initialized by product

Daniel Ewert 2013

Organization forms on demand individualized by client initialized by product

Daniel Ewert 2013

Mobile transportation robots from flexible routing

Critical factors for success:

New body concepts for robots

Towards hybrid teams and in-the-box production

F.Welter Aachen F.Welter Aachen

From maker movement to professional products

! 3D Printing The Path to Individualized Mass Production?

Already now, people consider

Multiple materials: photopolymers, thermoplastic powders,

Production for eCars:

Project Epromo mass production technology for eCars (IAO

2nd picture: B class, Rastatt, both models (gasoline engine vs.

I. Introduction The connected world

TRUE? 5 somewhat crazy thoughts

5) Finally, research has

If cars are to become computers on wheels

Robotized automation, FRIDA/ABB:

The Bongard robot learning through

Embodiment theory II:

I. Introduction The connected world

4.0: The Revolution of a

The two sides of the

New materials and

Dr. phil. Max Haberstroh

Dr.-Ing. Tobias Meisen

1968 Born in Kunglv/Schweden

Communication technology Embedded systems

Towards intelligent and (partly-)

New vehicle concepts

Mercedes F 015 Zoox Boz

Rinspeed XchangeE Peugeot Ozone

Concept of connected autonomous vehicles:

like urbanization, global warming, demographic Autonomous,

Rolls Royce drone ships Swarms of autonomous

Thus, the demands towards the manufacturers

Organic computing: Cognitive computing:

SOFTWARE deep learning (e.g. Watson)

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