VD for water at 20C (V in m/s, D in cm)

0.06 0.1 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 2 4 6 8 10 20 40 60 100 200 400 600 1000 2000 4000 6000 10000
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VD for atmospheric air at 20C
1 2 4 6 8 10 20 40 60 100 200 400 600 1000 2000 4000 6000 10000 20000 40000 60000 100000
1 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
10
__
Laminar Critical Transition zone Complete turbulence, rough pipes, R > 3500/r, 1/f = 1.14 2 log r
9 flow zone
0.07
8
0.06

0.05
7
0.045
0.04
6 0.035
0.03
5.5
0.025
5

Relative roughness r ( in mm, D in mm)

0.02
DarcyWeisbach friction factor f
2hDg

0.0175
LV 2

4.5
0.015
0.0125
4
0.01

3.5 0.008

0.006
3

D

0.004

0.003
2.5
Material (mm)
0.002
Riveted steel 0.99 0.0015
Concrete 0.33
2 Wood stave 0.180.9 0.001
Cast iron 0.25
0.0008
1.8 Galvanized iron 0.15
Asphalted cast iron 0.12 0.0006
Commercial steel 0.046 Smooth pipes, r __= 0
1.6 __ 0.0004
Drawn tubing 0.0015 1/f = 2 log(R f ) 0.8
1.4 Fluid at 20C (m2/s)
0.0002
HagenPoisseuille equation
Water 1.003e006 R 2300, f = 64/R
Air (101.325 kPa) 1.511e005
1.2 0.0001
2 Colebrook equation, R 2300 __
Latitude (WGS84) g (m/s ) __

1/f = 2 log(r /3.7 + 2.51/(R f )) r = 5e006

5e005
10
2 0.0 Sea level 9.78033
45.5 Standard 9.80665 Continuity equation, Q = AV
90.0 Sea level 9.83219 A = D 2/4, V = 4Q /( D 2) 2e005
9
r = 1e006
1e005
8
6 7 8 3 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 4 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 5 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 6 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 7 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 8
10 10 10 10 10 10
VD Metzger & Willard, Inc.
Moody Diagram Reynolds number R (V in m/s, D in m, in m 2/s)
http://www.metzgerwillard.com