03/03/2016

TRANSISTOR

Herman Budi Harja S.T.,M.T.

MEKATRONIKA 1
TEKNIK MESIN UNJANI

Materi
Konstruksi
Prinsip Kerja dan Karakteristik
Penerapan

Konstruksi Transisitor
two polarities:
npn and pnp

Base

1
 03/03/2016

Basic Model
npn transistor

Diode

Diode

pnp transistor

Diode

Diode

Pnp Npn

Analogi

force voltage/current
water flow current
- amplification

Understanding of BJT

2
 03/03/2016

View Komponen

Heat sink

Pemeriksaan Transisitor

3
 03/03/2016

Control Device

Currents

Hubungan arus yang terjadi pada Collector dan Base

adalah:
characteristic is
approximately linear
magnitude of collector
current is generally
many times that of the
base current
the device provides
current gain

4
 03/03/2016

Conventional View

Transistor Operation

We will consider npn transistors

pnp devices are similar but with different polarities of voltage
and currents
when using npn transistors
collector is normally more positive than the emitter
VCE might be a few volts
device resembles two back-to-back diodes but has very different
characteristics
with the base open-circuit negligible current flows from the collector
to the emitter

Now consider what happens when a positive voltage

is applied to the base (with respect to the emitter)
this forward biases the base-emitter junction
the base region is light doped and very thin
because it is likely doped, the current produced is
mainly electrons flowing from the emitter to the base
because the base region is thin, most of the electrons entering the
base get swept across the base-collector junction into the
collector
this produces a collector current that is much larger than the
base current this gives current amplification

5
 03/03/2016

Transistor action

Characteristics

Behaviour can be described by the current gain, hfe or

by the transconductance, gm of the device

Transistor configurations
transistors can be used in a
number of configurations
most common is as shown
emitter terminal is common to
input and output circuits
this is a common-emitter
configuration
we will look at the characteristics
of the device in this configuration

6
 03/03/2016

Input characteristics
the input takes the form of
a forward-biased pn
junction
the input characteristics
are therefore similar to
those of a semiconductor
diode

Output characteristics
region near to the
origin is the
saturation region
this is normally
avoided in linear
circuits
slope of lines
represents the
output resistance

Formulasi
can be described by either the current gain or by the
transconductance

DC current gain hFE or is given by IC / IB

AC current gain hfe is given by ic / ib

transconductance gm is given approximately by

gm 40IC 40 IE siemens

7
 03/03/2016

Equivalent circuits for a bipolar transistor

Kesimpulan

Terdapat tiga kaki terminal pada transistor adalah :

collector, base and emitter
The base is the control input
Dua jenis polaritas: npn and pnp
IC = hFEIB
Ber_karakteristik sebagai penguat arus [transconductance]

Penerapan Transistor

transistor amplifier
R B is used to bias the
transistor by injecting an
appropriate base current
C is a coupling capacitor
and is used to couple the
AC signal while preventing
external circuits from
affecting the bias
this is an AC-coupled amplifier

8
 03/03/2016

AC-coupled amplifier
VB is set by the conduction voltage of the base-emitter junction
and so is about 0.7 V
voltage across RB is thus VCC 0.7
IB = V / RB
IC = hFEIB
VRC = IC RC
the quiescent output voltage is therefore
Vo = VCC - IC RC
output is determined by hFE which is very variable

Negative feedback amplifiers

Contoh
Determine the
quiescent output
voltage of this
circuit

9
 03/03/2016

Base current kecilnya , sehingga

R2 10 k
VB VCC 10 2. 7 V
R1 R2 27 k 10 k
Tegangan Emitor
VE = VB VBE = 2.7 0.7 = 2.0 V
Arus Emitor
VE 2.0 V
IE 2 mA
RE 1k
Karena IB bernilai kecil, Arus CollectorIC IE = 2 mA
Output voltage = VCC ICRC = 10 - 2 mA 2.2 k = 5.6 V

A common-collector amplifier
unity gain
high input resistance
low output resistance
a very good
buffer amplifier

Penerapan lainnya

A phase splitter

10
 03/03/2016

Regulator tegangan

Switching

11