1950-1970.

, ,

. ,
, 1950
1970.

.

1943, .
. ,
,
,
,

.

, , ,

.
, ,

.
,

, .
(social
engineering)
.
, ,
.1

. ,
1920,
1930, ,
,
,
, Howard Scott,2
.
1930,

3
4
. , 55 ,
,
.4

935/1943, 1493/1944,
1943-44.

,
,

,
1
, . . .
, 13 1943
, . , , 1943.
2
Layton, Edwin, The Revolt of Engineers, Social Responsibility and the American Engineering
Profession, Baltimore and London, The John Hopkins University Press, 1986. Scott, Howard.
Science Versus Chaos, New York, Technocracy Incorporated, 1933.
3
Herf, Jeffrey, . ,
, . , , ,
1996.
4
, , , , 1900-1940, , ,
2006, . 361-408.

2
 ,
,
,
. ,
, , :
, ,
.


.5
.
19
1940,
, ,
.

,
.

,
..
, , ,
consensus,
,
, ,
,
versus ,

.



.

5
, . 390, 19/11/1943, 935. , .
131, 27/6/1944, 1493.

3
 consensus .

,
.6


, 1941-43,
, ,
.
, .
.

. 1945-46
. , .
.
.7
1946-49,
, , ,
.8,
,
1945-47.9


.
,
,
.

6
: 1945, 78, 18-1-1945.
1945, 2, 26/1/1945.
7
, 1945, 13, 30-5-1945
8
, 1945-49, 10, 20-4-1945, 12, 18-
5-1945, 16, 9-5-1947, 6, 11-2-1949.
9
, 1945, 22, 3-9-1945.

4
 ,
.10

,

.
.
. ,

.11
1960

. , . , .
.12
, ,
. , . , . , .
1945-1964,
,

,
,13
,
.

10
Antoniou, Yiannis, The Reform of the National Technical University of Athens in 1943-44 or
the Rise and Fall of a Technocratic Utopia, Technology and Culture, .
11
, , .
, ,
, 1956. , , , ,
1957, . 4 (124). , (.), , ,
, 1962.
12
, , (1962-66).
, , , 2005, . 89, . 11-20.
13
, ,
. 3, 1/2/1952, . 3-12.

5

.14

, 1950 ,
,

,
.15
, 1960,

,
,
.
1950-1970
.

.


,
, .

.

, ,

14
: , , ,
, 1949, .303, . 385-392. , .
, , . 319-321, .-, 1951, . 1-3.
, . , , , . 324-326, 1951, . 147.
15
, . , , . 151-152, 1-15
1958, . 15-16.

6

, .16

. ,
, ,
.

.
, 1950, 999
445 (44.54%).17
1960, 621 (36.44%) 1704 1960 1098
(32.40%) 3388 1967.
,
.


.18
1950
.
1960, ,
, .
. 1950
,
.
1950.

16
, (), 1955, . , .
. , 12
1960, ( ), 1960, . 195-
196, . 11-13.
17
, ,
1950-1951, . , , , 1950, .
171. , 1960,
, , 1960, . 205. , 1967,
, , , 1967. (. .)
18
, 1950, 25, 23-12-1950.
, , , , ,
1980, . 63-70.

7


.
, , , ,
,
. 19


.

1940 . , .
, . , . ...20

.

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1950.
1946
, ,
1943-44.
1948. 1950 1960

,
16 .
,
.21

19
, 1955, 105, 4/2/1955, . 20.
, , - 1980,, . 63-70. 1960, 1960,
. 112-116. , , , 1948-1985,
, , 1999, . 294.
20
. 1942, : 23, 9/10/1942. 24,
13/10/1942. , ,
, , 1837-1997, ,
, . . (.), , , 1997, . 108-111.
1960, 1960, . 109-111.
21
, 1997, . 112-114 & 115-116. 1960, 1960, . 112-116.
, 1999, . 295-300.

8
 ,
40 ,
. , . ,
. , 1960 . ,

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,
22
.
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.
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.23 , 1944
1960, 51
. 41
.
.24

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,

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22
1960, 1960, . 117-120
23
.. . 126.
24
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, , , 1943, 12,
20/5/43. 1960, 1960, .
25
, 1955, 105, 4/2/1955, . 7, 9, 20,
30. , , , ,
1945, 1&2, . 5-12, 39-46. .

9


. 51
1940 15 4
. 1946-1950 39 ,
.
,

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, 1950, 1960
60 1967 62.
, 1950-1967, , 114
. 79 ,
.
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57.

. . Woxen,
, 1960, ( ),
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, , 1962, . 218, . 40-43. ,
, - 1980, . 63-70. ,

,
, , 1980, & .
26
, , 19, 10-11-1950
27
, , 12, 2-11-1945.
, 1945, 13, 30-5-1945.

10
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. 1960 ,

, . , 16
.
,
,
, 39 . ,
, , 14

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, 5

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, . . ,
.28

,
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,

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-
.

,

,
28
, 1945-1947, : 18, 1/8/1945. 14,
12/4/1946, 30, 8/10/46, 31, 20/9/1947
29
,1950, .27-48. , 1960, . 14-44. 205. ,
1967, . 19-30. ( 1, 1)

11
 .

.


.

,
.
. ,

195030 , .
1953, 1951-1958,
1960
1965.31

1960. ,
,
1943
.
1944
,
.32
. .
.
. .
. . 1960
1961, . .
. .
. .

30
, 1950, 3, 27/1/1950
31
Who is Who, 1965, , Who is Who, 1965, s. 523.
32
, (.), . , , , ,
, 2006, . 337-353.

12
 .33
. 400

.34 .
, 1955
1957.35


1950-1967 .
565 , 1936-
1940, 1948-59 , 1285,
1959-1967 2558.
, 1974-75,
4532.36 (1950-1967)
5667 , 2178 (38.47%), 1532
- (27.03%), 822 (14.50%), 535
(9.44%) , 205 (3.61%) ,
395 (6.97%) .37
,
,
.
, ,38

33
, , .

, 1837-1997, , , . . (.),
, , 1997, . 31-35.
34
. , ( ),
, , 1960, . 195-196, . 55-60.
35
, , , 19 20 , ,
, 2002, . 120.
36
, , - 1980, . 65.
37
,1950, . 173-174. , 1960, . 205-206. ,
1967, . 283-285. ( 2, 2 , 3, 3)
38
, , , ,
, , , , 1997. Chatzis,
Konstantinos. Nicolaidis, Efthymios. A Pyrrhic Victory: Greek Womens Conquest of a
Profession in Crisis, 1923-1996, Eds, Annie Canel, Ruth Oldenziel, Karin Zachmann, Crossing
Boundaries, Building Bridges, Comparing the History of the Women Engineers, 1870s-1990s,
Amsterdam, Harwood Academic Publishers, 2000, . 253-279

13
 ,
, .39
,
, ,
,
.

,
(
1:15),
.
.


-.
,

, .40
,
, .

955/49 ,
,
.41

1955
. ,

,
.

39
, ,
. : , ,
, 1993, . 69.
40
, 1955, : 32, 22/7/1955.
41
, 1949, : 35, 7/9/1949, 37,
10/9/1949, 39, 20/9/1949, 55, 29/11/1949, 57, 9/12/1949.

14

,
.
.42

,
.
1955-56
37 . 1958-59
161 .43 1967
.
, 1972
.
1970
8383,44
4926 1971,45

.

,

1949 3841
. 1860 (48%) , 404 (10.5%)
, 328 (8.5%) , 757 (19.7%)
, 315 (8.2%) , 30
(0.7%) , 18 (0.4%)
.

,
67%

42
, 1955, : 32, 22/7/1955, 33,
27/71955, 47, 24/9/1955.
43
(.), , 1926-1960,
, 1960, . 24.
44
, , , , 1980, . 65. (
4)
45
, 1992, . 153

15
.
,
948 (24.6%),
, , 611 (15.9%),
1988 (51.7%).


. 43% 1930,46
30%.
1930 .
, 2898 (75.4%) - 686 (17.8%)
.

. ,
. 47
1950-1970,
, ,48
.49

, ,
,
.50

. 1966
9.374 ,

46
, 2006, . 314.
47
, . 301-302, - , 1949. (, 5)
48
, , . .
2000, , 2002,
,
49
, , 1949-1974.
, , . (), , ,
, . 59-86.
50
, ,
, 1950-1980, , , . 163-186. , ,
, (1949-1974),
, ,
1949 1974, 2 , ,
,
, , 2000, . 239-259.

16
 .
39.6%, 50.8%
13.6%. , 1972,
15.572, 20.1%,
22.7%
57.2%.51
,
39.3%, 17.2%, 6.7%,
25.5%,
6.6%, 2.5%.

,
.52
, ,
, .
,
1960,
. 3462
1962-1966, 336 , 255
. , 1967-1971, 2078
772, 515 .53

51
, ,
, , , 1980, . 56-62.
, 1966, , , 1966 ( 6).
52
, . (, 7)
53
, , 1997. Chatzis, Nicolaidis, 2000, . 253-279

17


1
1950-1967
1917-1945

1 . .

. ,
Ecole des Poudre de Paris
2 . .

3 2 . . ,

4 ,
. .
5 . , . ,
( 1937-1939) ,

6
( 1947-1949)

7 . . . Ecole Speciale des
Arts et Manufacture et de Mines,

8 . . ,

9
Dijon
10
11
( 1949-51) .

12 ..,
( 1953-55) .
13 .., ,

,
.
14

15 ...

16 ... .
.
17 ,
, . ,
,

18 . . ,
( 1959-61)
,
Ecole Superiere Techn.
D Ingenieurs des Establ.
De l Etat et de l Artillerie, Paris
19 .
Ecole d Ingenieurs .

20 Ecole Sup. D Electricite de Paris

( 1961-63) . .
21 ... .

Ecole des Beaux Arts

18
22
( 1955-57 & .
1963-65) ..
, ,
, Dr. Ing. .
.
23
...
24 ... . ,
( 1935-37) ,
25 ... Ecole des Beaux Arts.
26
27 ..., Academie de
Reinture Ranson
28 ... .
( 1957-59) Ecole Polytechnique
29 .

30 Thomson Philip Drummond
Bachelor of Arts

1945-1950
31

.
32 .


33 .

34

,
35

36
.
37



38 , .
.
39
.
40
Master of science, Harvard
.

41
St. Etienne
42
( 1948)
43
( 1967-1969)

( )
44
. .
45
(),
, . .

47 .
( 1950)

19
48 . ()
( 1965-1967) . .
49 ,
.
50 Ecole Speciale des Arts et\
Manufactures ()
51 .

52 . .


Ecole Superieure d Electricite Paris
53 .
,
54 . . . .
. . .



55
().
. Giessen
56 . .
.
57 . .
.
58 .
59
(
1949)
60

61
. (), .

62

( 1950)

63 , , & .

64

65
66

67



68
Danzing
69 .

1951-1960

70 /
Ecoles des Poudres
.
71
. Ohio State University
72 . ()
. . .

20

73 .- .
.
74 .- .
.

75 / & . .
( ) .

76

77
()
. .
78 &
.
79 & ,
& .
80 Ecole Nationale Superieure de
Mines St. Etienne
81
.
82 . & . ()

.
83 .
Master of Arts in the English
Language, University Michigan
84 .
. .

85 .
( 1940)
86


87

88 Ecole
Polytechnique de l Univesite de
Lausanne
89 Garbotz Georg .
(
)

1961-1967
90 .- .
. .

91 . .
Imperial College (DIC)
. Braunshweig
92
93
( 1962) .

94
.

. .
95

96 Ecole Centrale des Arts et Mnufacture
.
97 . .

21
 .
98 (
M. Sc. In Mechanical Engineering,
Illinois Institute of Technology
. Northwestern University
99


.
100
. (
.
101
102
.
103

.
104
.
105 .
. .
106 & .

107
. .
108 . . ()
. .
109 . . ()
Dicteur en Sciences .
. . .
110 &
.

111
.
112 &
.
113 .- .
( . ) . Purdue University
114 Nitsce Georg-Anton

1
1950-1967



114 79 57 57 2 10 14 1 7 1 5
(. 16)

22
 2
, 1950-1967
1950 1960 1967
445 44.5% 621 36.4% 1098 32.4%
241 24.1% 453 26.5% 876 25.8%
118 11.8% 292 17.1% 590 17.4%
112 11.2% 145 8.5% 298 8.7%
27 2.7% 64 3.75% 202 5.9%
56 5.6% 129 7.5% 324 9.5%

999 1704 3388

2

1936-1967
..
1936-1940 565
1948-1959 1285
1959-1967 2588

3
.. 1950 -1967



49-50 97 54 23 16 2 18 210
50-51 108 65 31 20 10 11 245
51-52 127 61 30 27 4 17 266
52-53 189 105 28 38 13 22 395
53-54 142 82 20 41 10 10 305
54-55 82 57 34 30 7 9 219
55-56 93 62 27 23 11 8 224
56-57 97 61 30 39 3 7 237
57-58 98 70 29 29 10 5 241
58-59 85 77 22 27 15 16 242
59-60 109 63 57 30 11 9 279
60-61 108 85 53 26 6 28 306
61-62 147 116 72 28 13 40 416
62-63 145 125 63 28 13 40 414
63-64 122 111 61 41 24 37 396
64-65 125 91 76 25 8 48 373
65-66 136 138 67 27 18 36 422
66-67 168 109 99 40 27 34 477
2178 1532 822 535 205 395 5667
(38.47%) (27.03%) (14.50%) (9.44%) (3.61%) (6.97%)

23
 3



1889-1899 12,7
1899-1909 11,3
1909-1919 19,5
1919-1929 69,6
1929-1939 105,3
1939-1949 121,7
1949-1959 258,4
1959-1967 385,4

4
1974-75
.. .. ..
4532 54.1% 2878 34.3% 844 10.1% 129 1.5% 8383 100%
1416 16.9% 1185 14.1% 291 3.5% 129 1.5% 3021 36%

737 16.9% 742 8.9% 129 1.5% 1479 17.6%

1067 12.7% 249 3.0%

150 1.8% 2125

403 4.8% 25.5%
256 3.1%
345 4.1% 188 2.2% 810
277 2.8% 9.6%

484 5.8% 514 6.1% 998 11.9%

24
 5. 1949. 54
55
. .
13
276 181 1860
145 48 48%
892 1326 193 422 17 95
2
98 24 404

21 5 10.5%
196 317 16 45 8 34

124 29 328
19 12 8.5%
117 260 13 54 1 13

& 8
74 8 464

129 24 12%

176 387 19 51 8 18
3
14 4 156

28 8 4%
73 118 12 24 2 12
1
17 2 137

47 9 3.5%
36 101 12 23 1 12
5
42 6 315
77 20 8.2%
116 240 24 50 4 21
-
10 - 30
6 1 0.7%
7 23 2 3 1 3
-
6 - 18

- - 0.4%
8 14 - - 1 3

2
12 1 53

5 1 1.3%

31 50 1 3 - -

. 2
17 2 73

5 1 1.9%

35 59 8 11 1 2

-.
2


2 2 - - -
37
691 257
482 75.4% 129 17.8%
1688 2898 300 686 44 213 3841

54
, . 301-302, - , 1949.
55
: ...
: 24.6%
: . , , , , : 15.9%
: : 51.7%

25
 6
1966-1972



% % %
1966 9.374 1257 13.6 3338 39.6 4762 50.8
1968 10.812 2238 20.7 2595 24.0 5979 55.3
1970 13.258 2652 20.0 2704 20.4 7902 59.6

1972 15.572 3535 22.7 3130 20.1 8907 57.2

7
1972
%

6.129 39.3
2.682 17.2
1.046 6.7
2.483 15.9
850 5.4
657 4.2
1.030 6.6
394 2.5
90 0.5
12 0.07
27 0.17
158 1.01
14 0.08
15.572

26