(Ansprche)

(Verbindlichkeiten)
(soziale Pflichtmoral)


 1.
(1)

(2)
a.

b.
 2.

(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
 (1)


a. ()



b. ()





 (2)


a. ()


b.



 (3)



a.
b.
 (4)





1.
(Utilitarianism)
(Jeremy Bentham, 1748 - 1832)


(Introduction to the Principles of Morals
and Legislation)


 2.


 (1)










 (2)










 3.






 3.










 3.
















(John Locke, 1632 - 1704)




(Thomas Hobbes,
1588 - 1679)

(war of all against
all, Bellum omnium contra omnes)

()













(Nobert Nozick, 1938 - 2002)

(Anarchy, State and Utopia,
1974)







(fairness)
(John Rawls, 1921 - 2002)
A Theory of Justice,
1971, revised ed. 1999

original
position(veil of
ignorance)




1.
()
2.
()






















(Communitarianism)2080












1. () vs(
)
2. vs
3. vs



(Alasdair MacIntyre, 1929 - ):
(After Virtue, 1981)
(Michael Sandel, 1953 -):
(Liberalism and
the Limits of Justice, 1982)
(Michael Walzer1935): (
Spheres of Justice, 1983)








()











(justice)
(goodness)
()
(good life)
(overlapping consensus)








1.

individual

(
)

2.








()

1.








2.


(1)

Verfassungspatriotismus


(2) ()


( 323c StGB, unterlassene Hilfeleistung)











1.
2.
3.