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Mighty Mechanical 1

UNIT-4

DESIGN OF CURVED BEAMS

Introduction:-

Straight Beam: A beam is a straight structural member subjected to a system of external forces acting
at right angles to its axis.

CURVED BEAMS:
A beam in which the neutral axis in the unloaded condition is curved instead of straight. Or If the beam
is originally curved before applying the bending moment, are termed as Curved Beams.

Applications of Curved Beams:


Curved beams find applications in many machine members such as c clampers, crane hooks, frames of
presses, chains, links, rings, etc..,

Differences between Straight Beams & Curved Beams:

s.no Straight Beams Curved Beams Curved Beams

1 Neutral axis of the cross-section passes Neutral axis does not coincide with the
through the centroid of the section. cross section, but is shifted towards the
centre of curvature of the beam.
2 The variation of bending stress is linear, The distribution of the stress in the case of
magnitude being proportional to the curved beam is non-linear (Hyper-bolic)
distance of a fiber from the neutral axis. because of the neutral axis is initially
curved.

State the assumptions & derive the stress equation in case of a curved beam:-

Assumptions:-
1. The beam is subjected to pure bending.
2. Material of the beam is isotropic & homogeneous & obeys hooks law.
3. Plane sections perpendicular to the axis of the beam remain plane even after bending.
4. The stress induced do not exceed elastic limit.
5. Each layer of the beam is free to expand OR contract, independent of the layer above or below it.
6. Youngs modulus is same in tension &compression.

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The bending stress, in a curved beam at any fibre at a distance y from neutral axis is given by the
following expression.


=
( )
Where,
M - sending moment at the given section about centroids axis
A - Area of cross-section.
e - Distance from centroidal axis to neutral axis = R -
- Radius of curvature of neutral axis
y - Distance from the neutral axis to the fibre.

If the section is symmetric such as rectangle circle I-beam, then maximum bending stress occurs at inner
fibre and is given by,


=
( )
Where,
- Distance from the neutral axis to the inner fiber
- Radius of curvature of the inner fibre.

If the section is unsymmetric, then the maximum bending stress may occur either inside or outside the
fibre. The bending stress at outer fibre is given by,

=
( )
Where,
Distance from neutral axis to the outer fibre.
- R -
- Radius of curvature of outer fibre.
If the section has an axial load in addition to the .bending stress, then the resultant stress is the
algebraic sum of axial ( ) and bending stress ( ).
= +
Expression for radius of neutral axis for rectangular, circular, trapezoidal, T-section and I- section:-

Neutral Axis:
Neutral axis is formed by the intersection of the neutral layer with the neutral section of the beam. The
layers above the neutral axis will be shortened due to compression and the layers below the neutral axis
will be lengthened due to tension. The neutral axis will remain neutral i.e., it will neither be elongated
nor shortened. The neutral axis of a section is so located that the moment of the entire area about the
axis is zero.

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Expression for radius of neutral axis for rectangular cross section:-

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Expression for radius of neutral axis for T-section:-

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Problems:-

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PROBLEMS ON CRANE HOOKS

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PROBLEMS ON C- CLAMPS

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********************THE END*****************

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