The Comprehensive LATEX Symbol List

Scott Pakin <scott+clsl@pakin.org>

19 January 2017

Abstract
This document lists 14283 symbols and the corresponding LATEX commands that produce them.
Some of these symbols are guaranteed to be available in every LATEX 2 system; others require fonts
and packages that may not accompany a given distribution and that therefore need to be installed.
All of the fonts and packages used to prepare this documentas well as this document itselfare
freely available from the Comprehensive TEX Archive Network (http://www.ctan.org/).

Contents

Contents 1

1 Introduction 12
1.1 Document Usage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
1.2 Frequently Requested Symbols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12

2 Body-text symbols 14
Table 1: LATEX 2 Escapable Special Characters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
Table 2: Predefined LATEX 2 Text-mode Commands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
Table 3: LATEX 2 Commands Defined to Work in Both Math and Text Mode . . . . . . . . 15
Table 4: Commands Defined to Work in Both Math and Text Mode . . . . . . . . . . 15
Table 5: Non-ASCII Letters (Excluding Accented Letters) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
Table 6: textgreek Upright Greek Letters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
Table 7: Letters Used to Typeset African Languages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
Table 8: Letters Used to Typeset Vietnamese . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
Table 9: Punctuation Marks Not Found in OT1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
Table 10: pifont Decorative Punctuation Marks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
Table 11: tipa Phonetic Symbols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
Table 12: tipx Phonetic Symbols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
Table 13: wsuipa Phonetic Symbols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
Table 14: wasysym Phonetic Symbols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
Table 15: phonetic Phonetic Symbols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
Table 16: t4phonet Phonetic Symbols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
Table 17: semtrans Transliteration Symbols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
Table 18: Text-mode Accents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
Table 19: tipa Text-mode Accents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
Table 20: extraipa Text-mode Accents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
Table 21: wsuipa Text-mode Accents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
Table 22: phonetic Text-mode Accents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
Table 23: metre Text-mode Accents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
Table 24: t4phonet Text-mode Accents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
Table 25: arcs Text-mode Accents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
Table 26: semtrans Accents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
Table 27: ogonek Accents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
The original version of this document was written by David Carlisle, with several additional tables provided by Alexan-

der Holt. See Section 10.8 on page 230 for more information about who did what.

1
 Table 28: combelow Accents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
Table 29: wsuipa Diacritics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
Table 30: textcomp Diacritics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
Table 31: marvosym Diacritics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
Table 32: textcomp Currency Symbols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
Table 33: marvosym Currency Symbols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
Table 34: fontawesome Currency Symbols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
Table 35: wasysym Currency Symbols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
Table 36: ChinA2e Currency Symbols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
Table 37: teubner Currency Symbols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
Table 38: tfrupee Currency Symbols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
Table 39: eurosym Euro Signs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
Table 40: fourier Euro Signs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
Table 41: textcomp Legal Symbols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
Table 42: fontawesome Legal Symbols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
Table 43: cclicenses Creative Commons License Icons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
Table 44: ccicons Creative Commons License Icons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
Table 45: textcomp Old-style Numerals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
Table 46: Miscellaneous textcomp Symbols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
Table 47: Miscellaneous wasysym Text-mode Symbols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27

3 Mathematical symbols 28
Table 48: Math-Mode Versions of Text Symbols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
Table 49: cmll Unary Operators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
Table 50: Binary Operators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
Table 51: Binary Operators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
Table 52: stmaryrd Binary Operators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
Table 53: wasysym Binary Operators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
Table 54: txfonts/pxfonts Binary Operators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
Table 55: mathabx Binary Operators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
Table 56: MnSymbol Binary Operators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
Table 57: fdsymbol Binary Operators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
Table 58: boisik Binary Operators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
Table 59: stix Binary Operators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
Table 60: mathdesign Binary Operators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
Table 61: cmll Binary Operators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
Table 62: shuffle Binary Operators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
Table 63: ulsy Geometric Binary Operators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
Table 64: mathabx Geometric Binary Operators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
Table 65: MnSymbol Geometric Binary Operators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
Table 66: fdsymbol Geometric Binary Operators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
Table 67: boisik Geometric Binary Operators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
Table 68: stix Geometric Binary Operators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
Table 69: halloweenmath Halloween-Themed Math Operators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
Table 70: stix Small Integrals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
Table 71: stix Small Integrals with Explicit Slant . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
Table 72: Variable-sized Math Operators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
Table 73: Variable-sized Math Operators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
Table 74: stmaryrd Variable-sized Math Operators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
Table 75: wasysym Variable-sized Math Operators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
Table 76: mathabx Variable-sized Math Operators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
Table 77: txfonts/pxfonts Variable-sized Math Operators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
Table 78: esint Variable-sized Math Operators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
Table 79: bigints Variable-sized Math Operators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
Table 80: MnSymbol Variable-sized Math Operators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
Table 81: fdsymbol Variable-sized Math Operators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
Table 82: boisik Variable-sized Math Operators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44
Table 83: stix Variable-sized Math Operators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45

2
Table 84: stix Integrals with Explicit Slant . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46
Table 85: mathdesign Variable-sized Math Operators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47
Table 86: prodint Variable-sized Math Operators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48
Table 87: cmll Large Math Operators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48
Table 88: Binary Relations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48
Table 89: Binary Relations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48
Table 90: Negated Binary Relations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
Table 91: stmaryrd Binary Relations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
Table 92: wasysym Binary Relations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
Table 93: txfonts/pxfonts Binary Relations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
Table 94: txfonts/pxfonts Negated Binary Relations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
Table 95: mathabx Binary Relations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50
Table 96: mathabx Negated Binary Relations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50
Table 97: MnSymbol Binary Relations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50
Table 98: MnSymbol Negated Binary Relations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52
Table 99: fdsymbol Binary Relations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53
Table 100: fdsymbol Negated Binary Relations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54
Table 101: boisik Binary Relations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55
Table 102: boisik Negated Binary Relations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55
Table 103: stix Binary Relations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56
Table 104: stix Negated Binary Relations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57
Table 105: mathtools Binary Relations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57
Table 106: turnstile Binary Relations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58
Table 107: trsym Binary Relations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59
Table 108: trfsigns Binary Relations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59
Table 109: cmll Binary Relations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59
Table 110: colonequals Binary Relations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59
Table 111: fourier Binary Relations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59
Table 112: Subset and Superset Relations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59
Table 113: Subset and Superset Relations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60
Table 114: stmaryrd Subset and Superset Relations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60
Table 115: wasysym Subset and Superset Relations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60
Table 116: txfonts/pxfonts Subset and Superset Relations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60
Table 117: mathabx Subset and Superset Relations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60
Table 118: MnSymbol Subset and Superset Relations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61
Table 119: fdsymbol Subset and Superset Relations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61
Table 120: boisik Subset and Superset Relations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61
Table 121: stix Subset and Superset Relations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62
Table 122: Inequalities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62
Table 123: Inequalities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62
Table 124: wasysym Inequalities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63
Table 125: txfonts/pxfonts Inequalities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63
Table 126: mathabx Inequalities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63
Table 127: MnSymbol Inequalities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64
Table 128: fdsymbol Inequalities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65
Table 129: boisik Inequalities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66
Table 130: stix Inequalities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66
Table 131: Triangle Relations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67
Table 132: stmaryrd Triangle Relations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67
Table 133: mathabx Triangle Relations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67
Table 134: MnSymbol Triangle Relations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68
Table 135: fdsymbol Triangle Relations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69
Table 136: boisik Triangle Relations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69
Table 137: stix Triangle Relations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69
Table 138: Arrows . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70
Table 139: Harpoons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70
Table 140: textcomp Text-mode Arrows . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70
Table 141: Arrows . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70

3
Table 142: Negated Arrows . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70
Table 143: Harpoons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70
Table 144: stmaryrd Arrows . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71
Table 145: txfonts/pxfonts Arrows . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71
Table 146: mathabx Arrows . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71
Table 147: mathabx Negated Arrows . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71
Table 148: mathabx Harpoons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72
Table 149: MnSymbol Arrows . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72
Table 150: MnSymbol Negated Arrows . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73
Table 151: MnSymbol Harpoons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75
Table 152: MnSymbol Negated Harpoons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75
Table 153: fdsymbol Arrows . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76
Table 154: fdsymbol Negated Arrows . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77
Table 155: fdsymbol Harpoons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79
Table 156: fdsymbol Negated Harpoons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80
Table 157: boisik Arrows . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80
Table 158: boisik Negated Arrows . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81
Table 159: boisik Harpoons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81
Table 160: stix Arrows . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82
Table 161: stix Negated Arrows . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84
Table 162: stix Harpoons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84
Table 163: harpoon Extensible Harpoons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85
Table 164: chemarrow Arrows . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85
Table 165: fge Arrows . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85
Table 166: old-arrows Arrows . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85
Table 167: old-arrows Harpoons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86
Table 168: esrelation Restrictions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86
Table 169: MnSymbol Spoons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86
Table 170: MnSymbol Pitchforks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86
Table 171: MnSymbol Smiles and Frowns . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87
Table 172: fdsymbol Spoons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87
Table 173: fdsymbol Pitchforks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88
Table 174: fdsymbol Smiles and Frowns . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88
Table 175: ulsy Contradiction Symbols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88
Table 176: Extension Characters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88
Table 177: stmaryrd Extension Characters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88
Table 178: txfonts/pxfonts Extension Characters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88
Table 179: mathabx Extension Characters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88
Table 180: stix Extension Characters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89
Table 181: Log-like Symbols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89
Table 182: Log-like Symbols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89
Table 183: ChinA2e Number Sets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89
Table 184: Greek Letters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90
Table 185: Greek Letters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90
Table 186: txfonts/pxfonts Upright Greek Letters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91
Table 187: upgreek Upright Greek Letters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91
Table 188: fourier Variant Greek Letters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91
Table 189: txfonts/pxfonts Variant Latin Letters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92
Table 190: boisik Variant Greek Letters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92
Table 191: boisik Variant Latin Letters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92
Table 192: stix Variant Greek Letters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92
Table 193: stix Transformed Greek Letters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92
Table 194: Hebrew Letters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92
Table 195: MnSymbol Hebrew Letters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92
Table 196: fdsymbol Hebrew Letters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92
Table 197: boisik Hebrew Letters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92
Table 198: stix Hebrew Letters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93
Table 199: Letter-like Symbols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93

4
Table 200: Letter-like Symbols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93
Table 201: txfonts/pxfonts Letter-like Symbols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93
Table 202: mathabx Letter-like Symbols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93
Table 203: MnSymbol Letter-like Symbols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93
Table 204: fdsymbol Letter-like Symbols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94
Table 205: boisik Letter-like Symbols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94
Table 206: stix Letter-like Symbols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94
Table 207: trfsigns Letter-like Symbols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94
Table 208: mathdesign Letter-like Symbols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94
Table 209: fge Letter-like Symbols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94
Table 210: fourier Letter-like Symbols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95
Table 211: cmll Letter-like Symbols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95
Table 212: Delimiters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95
Table 213: stmaryrd Delimiters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95
Table 214: mathabx Delimiters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95
Table 215: boisik Delimiters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95
Table 216: stix Delimiters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95
Table 217: nath Delimiters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95
Table 218: Variable-sized Delimiters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96
Table 219: Large, Variable-sized Delimiters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96
Table 220: Variable-sized Delimiters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96
Table 221: stmaryrd Variable-sized Delimiters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96
Table 222: mathabx Variable-sized Delimiters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97
Table 223: MnSymbol Variable-sized Delimiters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97
Table 224: fdsymbol Variable-sized Delimiters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98
Table 225: stix Variable-sized Delimiters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99
Table 226: mathdesign Variable-sized Delimiters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100
Table 227: nath Variable-sized Delimiters (Double) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101
Table 228: nath Variable-sized Delimiters (Triple) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101
Table 229: fourier Variable-sized Delimiters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101
Table 230: textcomp Text-mode Delimiters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101
Table 231: metre Text-mode Delimiters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102
Table 232: Math-mode Accents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102
Table 233: Math-mode Accents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102
Table 234: MnSymbol Math-mode Accents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102
Table 235: fdsymbol Math-mode Accents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103
Table 236: boisik Math-mode Accents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103
Table 237: stix Math-mode Accents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103
Table 238: fge Math-mode Accents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103
Table 239: yhmath Math-mode Accents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103
Table 240: Extensible Accents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104
Table 241: overrightarrow Extensible Accents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104
Table 242: yhmath Extensible Accents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104
Table 243: Extensible Accents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104
Table 244: MnSymbol Extensible Accents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105
Table 245: fdsymbol Extensible Accents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105
Table 246: stix Extensible Accents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105
Table 247: mathtools Extensible Accents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106
Table 248: mathabx Extensible Accents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106
Table 249: fourier Extensible Accents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106
Table 250: esvect Extensible Accents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106
Table 251: abraces Extensible Accents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107
Table 252: undertilde Extensible Accents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107
Table 253: ushort Extensible Accents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107
Table 254: mdwmath Extensible Accents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107
Table 255: actuarialangle Extensible Accents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107
Table 256: Extensible Arrows . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107
Table 257: mathtools Extensible Arrows . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 108

5
 Table 258: chemarr Extensible Arrows . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 108
Table 259: chemarrow Extensible Arrows . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 108
Table 260: extarrows Extensible Arrows . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 108
Table 261: extpfeil Extensible Arrows . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109
Table 262: DotArrow Extensible Arrows . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109
Table 263: halloweenmath Extensible Arrows . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109
Table 264: trfsigns Extensible Transform Symbols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109
Table 265: esrelation Extensible Relations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109
Table 266: halloweenmath Extensible Witches . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 110
Table 267: halloweenmath Extensible Ghosts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 110
Table 268: holtpolt Non-commutative Division Symbols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 110
Table 269: Dots . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 110
Table 270: Dots . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111
Table 271: wasysym Dots . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111
Table 272: MnSymbol Dots . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111
Table 273: fdsymbol Dots . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111
Table 274: stix Dots . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112
Table 275: mathdots Dots . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112
Table 276: yhmath Dots . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112
Table 277: teubner Dots . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112
Table 278: begriff Begriffsschrift Symbols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112
Table 279: frege Begriffsschrift Symbols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113
Table 280: mathcomp Math Symbols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113
Table 281: marvosym Math Symbols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113
Table 282: marvosym Digits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113
Table 283: fge Digits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113
Table 284: dozenal Base-12 Digits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113
Table 285: mathabx Mayan Digits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113
Table 286: stix Infinities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114
Table 287: stix Primes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114
Table 288: stix Empty Sets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114
Table 289: Angles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114
Table 290: MnSymbol Angles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114
Table 291: fdsymbol Angles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114
Table 292: boisik Angles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114
Table 293: stix Angles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115
Table 294: Miscellaneous LATEX 2 Math Symbols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115
Table 295: Miscellaneous Math Symbols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115
Table 296: Miscellaneous wasysym Math Symbols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115
Table 297: Miscellaneous txfonts/pxfonts Math Symbols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115
Table 298: Miscellaneous mathabx Math Symbols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116
Table 299: Miscellaneous MnSymbol Math Symbols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116
Table 300: Miscellaneous Internal MnSymbol Math Symbols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116
Table 301: Miscellaneous fdsymbol Math Symbols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116
Table 302: Miscellaneous boisik Math Symbols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117
Table 303: Miscellaneous stix Math Symbols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117
Table 304: Miscellaneous textcomp Text-mode Math Symbols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117
Table 305: Miscellaneous fge Math Symbols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118
Table 306: Miscellaneous mathdesign Math Symbols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118
Table 307: Math Alphabets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119

4 Science and technology symbols 121

Table 308: gensymb Symbols Defined to Work in Both Math and Text Mode . . . . . . . . . . 121
Table 309: wasysym Electrical and Physical Symbols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121
Table 310: ifsym Pulse Diagram Symbols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121
Table 311: ar Aspect Ratio Symbol . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121
Table 312: textcomp Text-mode Science and Engineering Symbols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121
Table 313: steinmetz Extensible Phasor Symbol . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122

6
 Table 314: emf Electromotive Force Symbols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122
Table 315: wasysym Astronomical Symbols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122
Table 316: marvosym Astronomical Symbols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122
Table 317: fontawesome Astronomical Symbols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123
Table 318: mathabx Astronomical Symbols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123
Table 319: stix Astronomical Symbols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123
Table 320: starfont Astronomical Symbols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 124
Table 321: wasysym APL Symbols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 124
Table 322: stix APL Symbols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 124
Table 323: apl APL Symbols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125
Table 324: marvosym Computer Hardware Symbols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125
Table 325: keystroke Computer Keys . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125
Table 326: ascii Control Characters (CP437) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 126
Table 327: logic Logic Gates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 126
Table 328: marvosym Communication Symbols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 126
Table 329: marvosym Engineering Symbols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 127
Table 330: wasysym Biological Symbols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 127
Table 331: stix Biological Symbols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 127
Table 332: marvosym Biological Symbols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 127
Table 333: fontawesome Biological Symbols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 127
Table 334: marvosym Safety-related Symbols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 127
Table 335: feyn Feynman Diagram Symbols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 128
Table 336: svrsymbols Physics Ideograms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 128

5 Dingbats 130
Table 337: bbding Arrows . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 130
Table 338: pifont Arrows . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 130
Table 339: adfsymbols Arrows . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 130
Table 340: adforn Arrows . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131
Table 341: arev Arrows . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131
Table 342: fontawesome Arrows . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131
Table 343: fontawesome Chevrons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131
Table 344: marvosym Scissors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131
Table 345: bbding Scissors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131
Table 346: pifont Scissors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131
Table 347: dingbat Pencils . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 132
Table 348: arev Pencils . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 132
Table 349: fontawesome Pencils . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 132
Table 350: bbding Pencils and Nibs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 132
Table 351: pifont Pencils and Nibs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 132
Table 352: dingbat Fists . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 132
Table 353: bbding Fists . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 132
Table 354: pifont Fists . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 132
Table 355: fourier Fists . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 133
Table 356: arev Fists . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 133
Table 357: fontawesome Fists . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 133
Table 358: bbding Crosses and Plusses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 133
Table 359: pifont Crosses and Plusses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 133
Table 360: adfsymbols Crosses and Plusses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 133
Table 361: arev Crosses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 133
Table 362: bbding Xs and Check Marks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 133
Table 363: pifont Xs and Check Marks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 134
Table 364: wasysym Xs and Check Marks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 134
Table 365: marvosym Xs and Check Marks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 134
Table 366: arev Xs and Check Marks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 134
Table 367: fontawesome Xs and Check Marks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 134
Table 368: pifont Circled Numerals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 134
Table 369: wasysym Stars . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 135

7
 Table 370: bbding Stars, Flowers, and Similar Shapes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 135
Table 371: pifont Stars, Flowers, and Similar Shapes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 135
Table 372: adfsymbols Stars, Flowers, and Similar Shapes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 135
Table 373: adforn Stars . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 135
Table 374: fontawesome Stars . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 136
Table 375: fourier Fleurons and Flowers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 136
Table 376: adforn Fleurons and Flowers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 136
Table 377: wasysym Geometric Shapes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 136
Table 378: MnSymbol Geometric Shapes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 136
Table 379: fdsymbol Geometric Shapes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 137
Table 380: boisik Geometric Shapes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 137
Table 381: stix Geometric Shapes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 137
Table 382: ifsym Geometric Shapes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 139
Table 383: bbding Geometric Shapes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 139
Table 384: pifont Geometric Shapes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 140
Table 385: universa Geometric Shapes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 140
Table 386: adfsymbols Geometric Shapes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 140
Table 387: fontawesome Geometric Shapes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 140
Table 388: LATEX 2 Playing-Card Suits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 140
Table 389: txfonts/pxfonts Playing-Card Suits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 140
Table 390: MnSymbol Playing-Card Suits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 140
Table 391: fdsymbol Playing-Card Suits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 140
Table 392: boisik Playing-Card Suits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 140
Table 393: stix Playing-Card Suits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 141
Table 394: arev Playing-Card Suits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 141
Table 395: adforn Flourishes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 141
Table 396: Miscellaneous dingbat Dingbats . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 141
Table 397: Miscellaneous bbding Dingbats . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 141
Table 398: Miscellaneous pifont Dingbats . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 141
Table 399: Miscellaneous adforn Dingbats . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 141

6 Ancient languages 142

Table 400: phaistos Symbols from the Phaistos Disk . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 142
Table 401: protosem Proto-Semitic Characters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 142
Table 402: hieroglf Hieroglyphics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143
Table 403: linearA Linear A Script . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143
Table 404: linearb Linear B Basic and Optional Letters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 146
Table 405: linearb Linear B Numerals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 146
Table 406: linearb Linear B Weights and Measures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 146
Table 407: linearb Linear B Ideograms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 147
Table 408: linearb Unidentified Linear B Symbols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 147
Table 409: cypriot Cypriot Letters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 147
Table 410: sarabian South Arabian Letters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 148
Table 411: teubner Archaic Greek Letters and Greek Numerals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 148
Table 412: boisik Archaic Greek Letters and Greek Numerals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 148
Table 413: epiolmec Epi-Olmec Script . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 148
Table 414: epiolmec Epi-Olmec Numerals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 150
Table 415: allrunes Runes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 151
Table 416: allrunes Rune Separators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 151

7 Musical symbols 152

Table 417: LATEX 2 Musical Symbols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 152
Table 418: textcomp Musical Symbols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 152
Table 419: wasysym Musical Symbols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 152
Table 420: MnSymbol Musical Symbols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 152
Table 421: fdsymbol Musical Symbols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 152
Table 422: boisik Musical Symbols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 152
Table 423: stix Musical Symbols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 152

8
 Table 424: arev Musical Symbols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 152
Table 425: MusiXTEX Musical Symbols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 153
Table 426: MusiXTEX Alternative Clefs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 154
Table 427: harmony Musical Symbols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 154
Table 428: harmony Musical Accents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 154
Table 429: Single Notes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 155
Table 430: Beamed Notes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 155
Table 431: Clefs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 156
Table 432: Time Signatures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 156
Table 433: Accidentals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 156
Table 434: Rests . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 156
Table 435: Dynamics Letters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 157
Table 436: Dynamics Symbols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 157
Table 437: Articulations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 157
Table 438: Scripts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 157
Table 439: Accordion Notation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 157
Table 440: Named Time Signatures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 158
Table 441: Named Scripts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 158
Table 442: Named Rests . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 159
Table 443: Named Pedals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 159
Table 444: Named Flags . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 160
Table 445: Named Custodes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 160
Table 446: Named Clefs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 161
Table 447: Named Noteheads . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 162
Table 448: Named Accordion Symbols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 166
Table 449: Named Accidentals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 167
Table 450: Named Arrowheads . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 167
Table 451: Named Alphanumerics and Punctuation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 168
Table 452: Miscellaneous Named Musical Symbols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 168

8 Other symbols 169

Table 453: textcomp Genealogical Symbols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 169
Table 454: wasysym General Symbols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 169
Table 455: manfnt Dangerous Bend Symbols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 169
Table 456: Miscellaneous manfnt Symbols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 169
Table 457: marvosym Media Control Symbols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 169
Table 458: marvosym Laundry Symbols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 170
Table 459: marvosym Information Symbols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 170
Table 460: Other marvosym Symbols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 170
Table 461: Miscellaneous universa Symbols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 170
Table 462: Miscellaneous fourier Symbols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 170
Table 463: ifsym Weather Symbols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 171
Table 464: ifsym Alpine Symbols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 171
Table 465: ifsym Clocks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 171
Table 466: Other ifsym Symbols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 171
Table 467: clock Clocks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 172
Table 468: epsdice Dice . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 172
Table 469: hhcount Dice . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 172
Table 470: stix Dice . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 172
Table 471: bullcntr Tally Markers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 173
Table 472: hhcount Tally Markers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 173

lilyglyphs
 Table 473: dozenal Tally Markers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 173
Table 474: skull Symbols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 174
Table 475: Non-Mathematical mathabx Symbols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 174
Table 476: skak Chess Informator Symbols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 174
Table 477: skak Chess Pieces and Chessboard Squares . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 175
Table 478: igo Go Symbols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 175
Table 479: go Go Symbols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 176
Table 480: metre Metrical Symbols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 176
Table 481: metre Small and Large Metrical Symbols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 176
Table 482: teubner Metrical Symbols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 177
Table 483: dictsym Dictionary Symbols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 177
Table 484: simpsons Characters from The Simpsons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 177
Table 485: pmboxdraw Box-Drawing Symbols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 178
Table 486: staves Magical Staves . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 178
Table 487: pigpen Cipher Symbols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 179
Table 488: ChinA2e Phases of the Moon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 179
Table 489: ChinA2e Recycling Symbols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 179
Table 490: marvosym Recycling Symbols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 180
Table 491: recycle Recycling Symbols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 180
Table 492: Other ChinA2e Symbols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 180
Table 493: soyombo Soyombo Symbols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 180
Table 494: knitting Knitting Symbols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 181
Table 495: CountriesOfEurope Country Maps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 181
Table 496: Miscellaneous arev Symbols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 183
Table 497: cookingsymbols Cooking Symbols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 183
Table 498: tikzsymbols Cooking Symbols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 184
Table 499: tikzsymbols Emoticons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 184
Table 500: tikzsymbols 3D Emoticons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 184
Table 501: tikzsymbols Trees . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 184
Table 502: Miscellaneous tikzsymbols Symbols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 185
Table 503: Miscellaneous bclogo Symbols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 185
Table 504: fontawesome Web-Related Icons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 186
Table 505: rubikcube Rubiks Cube Rotations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 190

9 Fonts with minimal LATEX support 191

Table 506: hands Fists . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 191
Table 507: greenpoint Recycling Symbols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 191
Table 508: nkarta Map Symbols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 191
Table 509: moonphase Astronomical Symbols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 193
Table 510: astrosym Astronomical Symbols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 193
Table 511: webomints Decorative Borders . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 196
Table 512: umranda Decorative Borders . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 197
Table 513: umrandb Decorative Borders . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 198
Table 514: dingbat Decorative Borders . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 199
Table 515: knot Celtic Knots . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 199
Table 516: dancers Dancing Men . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 203
Table 517: semaphor Semaphore Alphabet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 205
Table 518: cryst Crystallography Symbols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 207
Table 519: dice Dice . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 208
Table 520: magic Trading Card Symbols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 209
Table 521: bartel-chess-fonts Chess Pieces and Chessboard Squares . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 209

10 Additional Information 211

10.1 Symbol Name Clashes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 211
10.2 Resizing symbols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 211
10.3 Where can I find the symbol for . . . ? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 211
10.4 Math-mode spacing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 224
10.5 Bold mathematical symbols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 224

10
 10.6 ASCII and Latin 1 quick reference . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 225
10.7 Unicode characters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 228
10.8 About this document . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 230
10.9 Copyright and license . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 232

References 233

Index 234

11
1 Introduction
Welcome to the Comprehensive LATEX Symbol List! This document strives to be your primary source of
LATEX symbol information: font samples, LATEX commands, packages, usage details, caveatseverything
needed to put thousands of different symbols at your disposal. All of the fonts covered herein meet the
following criteria:

1. They are freely available from the Comprehensive TEX Archive Network (http://www.ctan.org/).
2. All of their symbols have LATEX 2 bindings. That is, a user should be able to access a symbol by
name (e.g., \bigtriangleup)

As of version 12 of the Comprehensive LATEX Symbol List, that second restriction has been relaxed with
the inclusion of Section 9, which showcases fonts that provide, at a minimum, either TEX font-metric
files (.tfm) or the METAFONT sources (.mf) that produce those font-metric files. Some of the Section 9
fonts do include LATEX font-definition files (.fd). However, what sets the fonts in Section 9 apart from
the fonts in rest of the document is that they lack a LATEX style file (.sty) that individually names each
of the glyphs.
The restrictions listed above are not particularly limiting criteria; the Comprehensive LATEX Symbol
List contains samples of 14283 symbolsquite a large number. Some of these symbols are guaran-
teed to be available in every LATEX 2 system; others require fonts and packages that may not accom-
pany a given distribution and that therefore need to be installed. See http://www.tex.ac.uk/cgi-bin/
texfaq2html?label=instpackages+wherefiles for help with installing new fonts and packages.

1.1 Document Usage

Each section of this document contains a number of font tables. Each table shows a set of symbols,
with the corresponding LATEX command to the right of each symbol. A tables caption indicates what
package needs to be loaded in order to access that tables symbols. For example, the symbols in Ta-
ble 45, textcomp Old-Style Numerals, are made available by putting \usepackage{textcomp} in
your documents preamble. means to use the packages, viz. amssymb and/or amsmath.
Notes below a table provide additional information about some or all the symbols in that table.
One note that appears a few times in this document, particularly in Section 2, indicates that certain
symbols do not exist in the OT1 font encoding (Donald Knuths original, 7-bit font encoding, which is the
default font encoding for LATEX) and that you should use fontenc to select a different encoding, such as T1
(a common 8-bit font encoding). That means that you should put \usepackage[encoding]{fontenc}
in your documents preamble, where encoding is, e.g., T1 or LY1. To limit the change in font encoding
to the current group, use \fontencoding{encoding}\selectfont.
Section 10 contains some additional information about the symbols in this document. It discusses
how certain mathematical symbols can vary in height, shows which symbol names are not unique across
packages, gives examples of how to create new symbols out of existing symbols, explains how symbols
are spaced in math mode, compares various schemes for boldfacing symbols, presents LATEX ASCII and
Latin 1 tables, shows how to input and output Unicode characters, and provides some information about
this document itself. The Comprehensive LATEX Symbol List ends with an index of all the symbols in
the document and various additional useful terms.

1.2 Frequently Requested Symbols

There are a number of symbols that are requested over and over again on comp.text.tex. If youre
looking for such a symbol the following list will help you find it quickly.

, as in Spaces are significant. ..... 14 ........................... 41
, , , , , etc. (versus i, i, i, i, and i) .. 20 ............................ 48
............................ 25 B and F ...................... 49
e ........................... 25 . and & ...................... 62
, , and ................... 26 .
.. ........................... 112
........................... 27
, as in 180 or 15 ........... 117

12
, , etc. ..................... 119 a, `^e, etc. (i.e., several accents per character)
N, Z, R, etc. ................... 119 219

r ............................ 119 <, >, and | (instead of , , and ) ... 226

............................ 217 ^ and (or ) .................. 226

13
2 Body-text symbols

This section lists symbols that are intended for use in running text, such as punctuation marks,
accents, ligatures, and currency symbols.

Table 1: LATEX 2 Escapable Special Characters

$ \$ % \% \_ * } \} & \& # \# { \{

*
The underscore package redefines _ to produce an underscore in text mode
(i.e., it makes it unnecessary to escape the underscore character).

Table 2: Predefined LATEX 2 Text-mode Commands

^ \textasciicircum* < \textless
\textasciitilde* a
\textordfeminine
o
* \textasteriskcentered \textordmasculine
\textbackslash \textparagraph
| \textbar \textperiodcentered
\textbardbl % \textpertenthousand
\textbigcircle % \textperthousand
{ \textbraceleft \textquestiondown
} \textbraceright \textquotedblleft
\textbullet \textquotedblright
c \textcopyright \textquoteleft
\textdagger \textquoteright
\textdaggerdbl r \textregistered
$ $ \textdollar S \textsection
... \textellipsis $ $ \textsterling
TM
\textemdash \texttrademark
\textendash \textunderscore
\textexclamdown \textvisiblespace
> \textgreater

The first symbol column represents thesometimes fakedsymbol that

LATEX 2 provides by default. The second symbol column represents the sym-
bol as redefined by textcomp (if textcomp redefines it). The textcomp package
is generally required to typeset Table 2s symbols in italic, and some symbols
additionally require the T1 font encoding for italic.
*
\^{} and \~{} can be used instead of \textasciicircum and
\textasciitilde. See the discussion of on page 226.

Its generally preferable to use the corresponding symbol from Table 3 on the
following page because the symbols in that table work properly in both text
mode and math mode.

14
 Table 3: LATEX 2 Commands Defined to Work in Both Math and Text Mode
{ \{ \_ \ddag $ \pounds
} \} c \copyright ... \dots S \S
$ $ \$ \dag \P

The first symbol column represents thesometimes fakedsymbol that

LATEX 2 provides by default. The second symbol column represents the sym-
bol as redefined by textcomp (if textcomp redefines it). The textcomp package
is generally required to typeset Table 3s symbols in italic, and some symbols
additionally require the T1 font encoding for italic.

Table 4: Commands Defined to Work in Both Math and Text Mode

X \checkmark r \circledR z \maltese

Table 5: Non-ASCII Letters (Excluding Accented Letters)

a \aa \DH* L \L \o \th*
A \AA \DJ* l \l \oe \TH*
\AE \dj* \NG* \OE
\ae IJ \IJ \ng* \ss
\dh* ij \ij \O SS \SS
*
Not available in the OT1 font encoding. Use the fontenc package to select an
alternate font encoding, such as T1.

Table 6: textgreek Upright Greek Letters

\textalpha \texteta \textnu \texttau
\textbeta \texttheta \textxi \textupsilon
\textgamma \textiota \textomikron \textphi
\textdelta \textkappa \textpi \textchi
\textepsilon \textlambda \textrho \textpsi
\textzeta \textmu* \textsigma \textomega

\textAlpha \textEta \textNu \textTau

\textBeta \textTheta \textXi \textUpsilon
\textGamma \textIota \textOmikron \textPhi
\textDelta \textKappa \textPi \textChi
\textEpsilon \textLambda \textRho \textPsi
\textZeta \textMu \textSigma \textOmega
*
Synonyms for \textmu include \textmicro and \textmugreek.

textgreek tries to use a Greek font that matches the body text. As a result,
the glyphs may appear slightly different from the above.

Unlike upgreek (Table 187 on page 91), textgreek works in text mode.

The symbols in this table are intended to be used sporadically throughout a

document (e.g., in phrases such as -decay). In contrast, Greek body text
can be typeset using the babel packages greek (or polutonikogreek) option
and, of course, a font that provides the glyphs for the Greek alphabet.

15
 Table 7: Letters Used to Typeset African Languages
\B{D} \m{c} \m{f} \m{k} \M{t} \m{Z}
\B{d} \m{D} \m{F} \m{N} \M{T} \T{E}
\B{H} \M{d} \m{G} \m{n} \m{t} \T{e}
\B{h} \M{D} \m{g} \m{o} \m{T} \T{O}
\B{t} \m{d} \m{I} \m{O} \m{u}* \T{o}
\B{T} \m{E} \m{i} \m{P} \m{U}*
\m{b} \m{e} \m{J} \m{p} \m{Y}
\m{B} \M{E} \m{j} \m{s} \m{y}
\m{C} \M{e} \m{K} \m{S} \m{z}

These characters all need the T4 font encoding, which is provided by the fc
package.
*
\m{v} and \m{V} are synonyms for \m{u} and \m{U}.

Table 8: Letters Used to Typeset Vietnamese

\OHORN \ohorn \UHORN \uhorn

These characters all need the T5 font encoding, which is provided by the vntex
package.

Table 9: Punctuation Marks Not Found in OT1

\guillemotleft \guilsinglleft \quotedblbase " \textquotedbl
\guillemotright \guilsinglright \quotesinglbase

To get these symbols, use the fontenc package to select an alternate font en-
coding, such as T1.

Table 10: pifont Decorative Punctuation Marks

{ \ding{123} } \ding{125} \ding{161} \ding{163}
| \ding{124} ~ \ding{126} \ding{162}

16
 Table 11: tipa Phonetic Symbols

\textbabygamma P \textglotstop \textrtailn

b \textbarb ; \texthalflength \textrtailr
c \textbarc \texthardsign \textrtails
d \textbard # \texthooktop \textrtailt
\textbardotlessj \texthtb \textrtailz
g \textbarg \texthtbardotlessj $ \textrthook
\textbarglotstop \texthtc \textsca
1 \textbari \texthtd \textscb
\textbarl \texthtg \textsce
8 \textbaro H \texthth \textscg
\textbarrevglotstop \texththeng \textsch
0 \textbaru \texthtk @ \textschwa
\textbeltl \texthtp I \textsci
\textbeta \texthtq \textscj
\textbullseye \texthtrtaild \textscl
\textceltpal \texthtscg \textscn
\textchi \texthtt \textscoelig
\textcloseepsilon \texthvlig \textscomega
\textcloseomega \textinvglotstop \textscr
\textcloserevepsilon K \textinvscr A \textscripta
\textcommatailz \textiota g \textscriptg
^ \textcorner \textlambda V \textscriptv
\textcrb : \textlengthmark \textscu
\textcrd \textlhookt Y \textscy
g \textcrg \textlhtlongi \textsecstress
\textcrh \textlhtlongy \textsoftsign
\textcrinvglotstop \textlonglegr \textstretchc
\textcrlambda \textlptr tC \texttctclig
2 \textcrtwo M \textltailm \textteshlig
C \textctc \textltailn \texttheta
\textctd \textltilde \textthorn
\textctdctzlig \textlyoghlig \texttoneletterstem
\textctesh \textObardotlessj \texttslig
J \textctj \textOlyoghlig 5 \textturna
\textctn \textomega \textturncelig
\textctt _ \textopencorner 4 \textturnh
C \textcttctclig O \textopeno \textturnk
\textctyogh % \textpalhook \textturnlonglegr
\textctz \textphi W \textturnm
d \textdctzlig | \textpipe \textturnmrleg
S \textdoublebaresh " \textprimstress \textturnr
} \textdoublebarpipe \textraiseglotstop \textturnrrtail
=/ \textdoublebarslash \textraisevibyi 6 \textturnscripta
{ \textdoublepipe 7 \textramshorns \textturnt
\textdoublevertline \ \textrevapostrophe 2 \textturnv
\textdownstep 9 \textreve \textturnw
\textdyoghlig 3 \textrevepsilon L \textturny
dz \textdzlig Q \textrevglotstop \textupsilon
\textepsilon \textrevyogh \textupstep
S \textesh \textrhookrevepsilon \textvertline
R \textfishhookr \textrhookschwa \textvibyi

(continued on next page)

17
(continued from previous page)
\textg
\textgamma
\textglobfall
\textglobrise
tipa defines shortcut characters for many of the above. It also defines a com-
mand \tone for denoting tone letters (pitches). See the tipa documentation
for more information.
Table 12: tipx Phonetic Symbols
" \textaolig
B \textbenttailyogh
. \textbktailgamma
D \textctinvglotstop
2 \textctjvar
% \textctstretchc
& \textctstretchcvar
@ \textctturnt
) \textdblig
H \textdoublebarpipevar
G \textdoublepipevar
\textdownfullarrow
7 \textfemale
5 \textfrbarn
\textfrhookd
( \textfrhookdvar
? \textfrhookt
- \textfrtailgamma
T \textglotstopvari
U \textglotstopvarii
V \textglotstopvariii
, \textgrgamma
0 \textheng
4 \texthmlig
~ \textrhoticity \textvibyy
\textrptr \textwynn
\textrtaild Z \textyogh
\textrtaill
3 \texthtbardotlessjvar \textrthooklong
; \textinvomega q \textscaolig
p \textinvsca r \textscdelta
! \textinvscripta s \textscf
I \textlfishhookrlig t \textsck
# \textlhookfour w \textscm
< \textlhookp x \textscp
1 \textlhti y \textscq
> \textlooptoprevesh \textspleftarrow
6 \textnrleg $ \textstretchcvar
9 \textObullseye \textsubdoublearrow
\textpalhooklong \textsubrightarrow
\textpalhookvar P \textthornvari
F \textpipevar Q \textthornvarii
= \textqplig R \textthornvariii
\textrectangle S \textthornvariv
\textretractingvar E \textturnglotstop
v \textrevscl u \textturnsck
z \textrevscr { \textturnscu
\textrhooka C \textturnthree
* \textrhooke A \textturntwo
+ \textrhookepsilon 8 \textuncrfemale
: \textrhookopeno \textupfullarrow
/ \textrtailhth
18
 Table 13: wsuipa Phonetic Symbols

! \babygamma 8 \eng 4 \labdentalnas  \schwa

 \barb  \er / \latfric * \sci
 \bard M \esh 6 \legm : \scn
' \bari  \eth E \legr J \scr
. \barl D \flapr 1 \lz
\scripta
< \baro b \glotstop  \nialpha  \scriptg
A \barp  \hookb \nibeta Y \scriptv
+ \barsci  \hookd [ \nichi W \scu
X \barscu  \hookg  \niepsilon ] \scy
T \baru $ \hookh  \nigamma  \slashb
; \clickb % \hookheng ) \niiota
\slashc
 \clickc  \hookrevepsilon 2 \nilambda  \slashd
R \clickt " \hv > \niomega U \slashu
? \closedniomega \inva C \niphi  \taild
 \closedrevepsilon , \invf O \nisigma H \tailinvr
 \crossb d \invglotstop S \nitheta 0 \taill
\crossd & \invh V \niupsilon 9 \tailn
# \crossh I \invlegr 7 \nj F \tailr
3 \crossnilambda 5 \invm @ \oo L \tails
 \curlyc G \invr = \openo P \tailt
N \curlyesh K \invscr  \reve _ \tailz
a \curlyyogh  \invscripta f \reveject Q \tesh
^ \curlyz  \invv  \revepsilon B \thorn
( \dlbari Z \invw c \revglotstop - \tildel
 \dz \ \invy  \scd ` \yogh
e \ejective \ipagamma  \scg

Table 14: wasysym Phonetic Symbols

D \DH k \dh l \openo
\Thorn U \inve \thorn

Table 15: phonetic Phonetic Symbols

j \barj f \flap i \ibar A \rotvara i \vari

\barlambda ? \glottal c \openo w \rotw  \varomega
M \emgma B \hausaB h \planck y \roty C \varopeno
n \engma b \hausab U \pwedge e \schwa v \vod

N \enya D \hausad  \revD p \thorn h \voicedh
" \epsi T \hausaD \riota u \ubar x \yogh
s \esh k \hausak m \rotm u \udesc
d \eth K \hausaK
\rotOmega a \vara
F \fj D \hookd r \rotr G \varg

19
 Table 16: t4phonet Phonetic Symbols
\textcrd \texthtd | \textpipe
\textcrh \texthtk \textrtaild
\textepsilon \texthtp \textrtailt
\textesh \texthtt \textschwa
\textfjlig \textiota \textscriptv
\texthtb \textltailn \textteshlig
\texthtc \textopeno \textyogh

The idea behind the t4phonet packages phonetic symbols is to provide an

interface to some of the characters in the T4 font encoding (Table 7 on page 16)
but using the same names as the tipa characters presented in Table 11 on
page 17.

Table 17: semtrans Transliteration Symbols

\Alif \Ayn

Table 18: Text-mode Accents

Aa \"{A}\"{a} A a \|{A}\|{a} a \f{A}\f{a}
A A a \t{A}\t{a}
Aa \{A}\{a} Aa \~{A}\~{a} A a \G{A}\G{a} Aa \u{A}\u{a}
Aa \.{A}\.{a} Aa

\b{A}\b{a} \h{A}\h{a}S A a \U{A}\U{a}
Aa \={A}\={a} Aa \c{A}\c{a} Aa \H{A}\H{a} a
A \U{A}\U{a}
^a
A^ \^{A}\^{a} a
A \C{A}\C{a} \k{A}\k{a} Aa \v{A}\v{a}
Aa \{A}\{a} A. a. \d{A}\d{a} Aa \r{A}\r{a}
a
A \newtie{A}\newtie{a}*
Aa \textcircled{A}\textcircled{a}
*
Requires the textcomp package.

Not available in the OT1 font encoding. Use the fontenc package to select an
alternate font encoding, such as T1.

Requires the T4 font encoding, provided by the fc package.
S
Requires the T5 font encoding, provided by the vntex package.

Requires one of the Cyrillic font encodings (T2A, T2B, T2C, or X2). Use the
fontenc package to select an encoding.

Also note the existence of \i and \j, which produce dotless versions of i
and j (viz., and ). These are useful when the accent is supposed to
replace the dot in encodings that need to composite (i.e., combine) letters and
accents. For example, na\"{\i}ve always produces a correct nave, while
na\"{i}ve yields the rather odd-looking naive when using the OT1 font
encoding and older versions of LATEX. Font encodings other than OT1 and
newer versions of LATEX properly typeset na\"{i}ve as nave.

20
 Table 19: tipa Text-mode Accents

A a \textacutemacron{A}\textacutemacron{a}

A a \textacutewedge{A}\textacutewedge{a}
A
ffi affi \textadvancing{A}\textadvancing{a}
A<
< a \textbottomtiebar{A}\textbottomtiebar{a}

A a \textbrevemacron{A}\textbrevemacron{a}
a
A \textcircumacute{A}\textcircumacute{a}

A a \textcircumdot{A}\textcircumdot{a}
a
A \textdotacute{A}\textdotacute{a}
a
A \textdotbreve{A}\textdotbreve{a}
a
A \textdoublegrave{A}\textdoublegrave{a}
a
A \textdoublevbaraccent{A}\textdoublevbaraccent{a}
a
A \textfallrise{A}\textfallrise{a}
a
A \textgravecircum{A}\textgravecircum{a}
a
A \textgravedot{A}\textgravedot{a}
``
A a \textgravemacron{A}\textgravemacron{a}

A a \textgravemid{A}\textgravemid{a}
a
A \texthighrise{A}\texthighrise{a}
A
a \textinvsubbridge{A}\textinvsubbridge{a}
A
fl afl \textlowering{A}\textlowering{a}

A a \textlowrise{A}\textlowrise{a}
a
A \textmidacute{A}\textmidacute{a}
a
A \textovercross{A}\textovercross{a}

Aa \textoverw{A}\textoverw{a}
A a \textpolhook{A}\textpolhook{a}
A
fi afi \textraising{A}\textraising{a}
A
ffl affl \textretracting{A}\textretracting{a}

A a \textringmacron{A}\textringmacron{a}

A a \textrisefall{A}\textrisefall{a}
a
A \textroundcap{A}\textroundcap{a}
A
a  \textseagull{A}\textseagull{a}
Aa \textsubacute{A}\textsubacute{a}

Aa \textsubarch{A}\textsubarch{a}

Aa \textsubbar{A}\textsubbar{a}

A
a \textsubbridge{A}\textsubbridge{a}
Aa \textsubcircum{A}\textsubcircum{a}

Aa \textsubdot{A}\textsubdot{a}

Aa \textsubgrave{A}\textsubgrave{a}

A
a \textsublhalfring{A}\textsublhalfring{a}
A
ff aff \textsubplus{A}\textsubplus{a}
A
a \textsubrhalfring{A}\textsubrhalfring{a}
Aa \textsubring{A}\textsubring{a}

(continued on next page)

21
 (continued from previous page)

A
a \textsubsquare{A}\textsubsquare{a}
Aa \textsubtilde{A}\textsubtilde{a}

Aa \textsubumlaut{A}\textsubumlaut{a}

A
a \textsubw{A}\textsubw{a}
Aa \textsubwedge{A}\textsubwedge{a}

A
&& a \textsuperimposetilde{A}\textsuperimposetilde{a}
Aa \textsyllabic{A}\textsyllabic{a}
" a
A
"
\texttildedot{A}\texttildedot{a}
>>
Aa \texttoptiebar{A}\texttoptiebar{a}
a
A \textvbaraccent{A}\textvbaraccent{a}

tipa defines shortcut sequences for many of the above. See the tipa documen-
tation for more information.

Table 20: extraipa Text-mode Accents

A
a \bibridge{A}\bibridge{a} Aa \partvoiceless{A}\partvoiceless{a}

Aa \crtilde{A}\crtilde{a} Aa \sliding{A}\sliding{a}
.. .
Aa. \dottedtilde{A}\dottedtilde{a} Aa \spreadlips{A}\spreadlips{a}
a
A \doubletilde{A}\doubletilde{a} Aa \subcorner{A}\subcorner{a}
^^
Aa \finpartvoice{A}\finpartvoice{a} Aa \subdoublebar{A}\subdoublebar{a}

Aa \finpartvoiceless{A}\finpartvoiceless{a} Aa \subdoublevert{A}\subdoublevert{a}
"" ""
A

a \inipartvoice{A}\inipartvoice{a} Aa

\sublptr{A}\sublptr{a}
A
a

\inipartvoiceless{A}\inipartvoiceless{a} Aa

\subrptr{A}\subrptr{a}

Aa \overbridge{A}\overbridge{a} A

a \whistle{A}\whistle{a}
A a

\partvoice{A}\partvoice{a}

Table 21: wsuipa Text-mode Accents

g ag
A \dental{A}\dental{a}
 a
A \underarch{A}\underarch{a}

22
 Table 22: phonetic Text-mode Accents
Aa \hill{A}\hill{a} A
a \rc{A}\rc{a} Aa \ut{A}\ut{a}
{ {
Aa \od{A}\od{a} Aa \syl{A}\syl{a}

{
Aa{ \ohill{A}\ohill{a} A a
.. .. \td{A}\td{a}

The phonetic package provides a few additional macros for linguistic accents.
\acbar and \acarc compose characters with multiple accents; for example,
\acbar{\}{a} produces a and \acarc{\"}{e} produces e.
{
\labvel joins

two characters with an arc: \labvel{mn} mn. \upbar is intended to go
between characters as in x\upbar{}y x y. Lastly, \uplett behaves
like \textsuperscript but uses a smaller font. Contrast p\uplett{h}
ph with p\textsuperscript{h} ph .

Table 23: metre Text-mode Accents

Aa \acutus{A}\acutus{a}
Aa \breve{A}\breve{a}
Aa \circumflexus{A}\circumflexus{a}
Aa \diaeresis{A}\diaeresis{a}
Aa \gravis{A}\gravis{a}
Aa \macron{A}\macron{a}

Table 24: t4phonet Text-mode Accents

A a \textdoublegrave{A}\textdoublegrave{a}
A a \textvbaraccent{A}\textvbaraccent{a}
A a \textdoublevbaraccent{A}\textdoublevbaraccent{a}

The idea behind the t4phonet packages text-mode accents is to provide an

interface to some of the accents in the T4 font encoding (accents marked with
in Table 18 on page 20) but using the same names as the tipa accents
presented in Table 19 on page 21.

Table 25: arcs Text-mode Accents

Aa \overarc{A}\overarc{a} Aa

\underarc{A}\underarc{a}

The accents shown above scale only to a few characters wide. An optional
macro argument alters the effective width of the accented characters. See the
arcs documentation for more information.

At the time of this writing (2015/11/12), there exists an incompatibility be-

tween the arcs package and the relsize package, upon which arcs depends. As
a workaround, one should apply the patch proposed by Michael Sharpe on the
XETEX mailing list (Subject: The arcs package, dated 2013/08/25) to pre-

vent spurious text from being added to the document (as in, 5.0ptA when

A is expected).

23
 Table 26: semtrans Accents
Aa \D{A}\D{a} Aa \U{A}\U{a}

aA \T{A}\T{a}*

\T is not actually an accent but a command that rotates its argument 180
using the graphicx packages \rotatebox command.

Table 27: ogonek Accents

A a \k{A}\k{a}

Table 28: combelow Accents

A, a, \cb{A}\cb{a}

\cb places a comma above letters with descenders. Hence, while \cb{s}
produces s, , \cb{g} produces g .

Table 29: wsuipa Diacritics

s \ain v \leftp x \overring h \stress } \underwedge
k \corner n \leftt ~ \polishhook j \syllabic t \upp
u \downp q \length w \rightp r \underdots l \upt
m \downt { \midtilde o \rightt y \underring
p \halflength z \open i \secstress | \undertilde

The wsuipa package defines all of the above as ordinary characters, not
as accents. However, it does provide \diatop and \diaunder commands,
which are used to compose diacritics with other characters. For example,
\diatop[\overring|a] produces x a , and \diaunder[\underdots|a] pro-
duces r
a. See the wsuipa documentation for more information.

Table 30: textcomp Diacritics

\textacutedbl \textasciicaron \textasciimacron
\textasciiacute \textasciidieresis \textgravedbl
\textasciibreve ` \textasciigrave

The textcomp package defines all of the above as ordinary characters, not as
accents. You can use \llap or \rlap to combine them with other characters.
See the discussion of \llap and \rlap on page 218 for more information.

24
 Table 31: marvosym Diacritics
p \arrowOver g \barOver _ \StrikingThrough
P \ArrowOver G \BarOver

The marvosym package defines all of the above as ordinary characters, not as
accents. You can use \llap or \rlap to combine them with other characters.
See the discussion of \llap and \rlap on page 218 for more information.

Table 32: textcomp Currency Symbols

\textbaht $ \textdollar* \textguarani \textwon
\textcent \textdollaroldstyle \textlira \textyen
\textcentoldstyle \textdong \textnaira
\textcolonmonetary \texteuro \textpeso
\textcurrency \textflorin $ \textsterling*
*
Its generally preferable to use the corresponding symbol from Table 3 on
page 15 because the symbols in that table work properly in both text mode
and math mode.

Table 33: marvosym Currency Symbols

\Denarius d \EURcr e \EURtm \Pfund
\Ecommerce D \EURdig \EyesDollar \Shilling
e \EUR c \EURhv \Florin

The different euro signs are meant to be visually compatible with different
fontsCourier (\EURcr), Helvetica (\EURhv), Times Roman (\EURtm), and
the marvosym digits listed in Table 282 (\EURdig). The mathdesign package
redefines \texteuro to be visually compatible with one of three additional
fonts: Utopia (), Charter (), or Garamond ().

Table 34: fontawesome Currency Symbols

 \faBtc j \faIls \faKrw f \faUsd
S \faEur \faInr \faRub \faViacoin
\faGbp \faJpy \faTry

fontawesome defines \faBitcoin as a synonym for \faBtc; \faCny, \faYen,

and \faRmb as synonyms for \faJpy; \faDollar as a synonym for \faUsd;
\faEuro as a synonym for \faEur; \faRouble and \faRuble as synonyms for
\faRub; \faRupee as a synonym for \faInr; \faShekel and \faSheqel as
synonyms for \faIls; \faTurkishLira as a synonym for \faTry; and \faWon
as a synonym for \faKrw.

Table 35: wasysym Currency Symbols

\cent \currency

25
 Table 36: ChinA2e Currency Symbols
\Euro \Pound

Table 37: teubner Currency Symbols

\denarius \hemiobelion \tetartemorion
\dracma \stater

Table 38: tfrupee Currency Symbols

| \rupee

Table 39: eurosym Euro Signs

A
C \geneuro B
C \geneuronarrow C
C \geneurowide e \officialeuro

\euro is automatically mapped to one of the aboveby default,

\officialeurobased on a eurosym package option. See the eurosym doc-
umentation for more information. The \geneuro. . . characters are generated
from the current body fonts C character and therefore may not appear
exactly as shown.

Table 40: fourier Euro Signs

( \eurologo \texteuro

Table 41: textcomp Legal Symbols

\textcircledP
c \textcopyright \textservicemark
TM
\textcopyleft
r \textregistered \texttrademark

The first symbol column represents thesometimes fakedsymbol that

LATEX 2 provides by default. The second symbol column represents the sym-
bol as redefined by textcomp. The textcomp package is generally required to
typeset Table 41s symbols in italic.
See http://www.tex.ac.uk/cgi-bin/texfaq2html?label=tradesyms for
solutions to common problems that occur when using these symbols (e.g., get-
ting a
r when you expected to get a ).

Table 42: fontawesome Legal Symbols

Z \faCopyright \faRegistered
\faCreativeCommons \faTrademark

26
 Table 43: cclicenses Creative Commons License Icons
\ccnc* \ccsa*
C
CC \cc $

BY: \ccby
= \ccnd
*
These symbols utilize the rotating package and therefore display improperly in
some DVI viewers.

Table 44: ccicons Creative Commons License Icons

b \ccAttribution e \ccNonCommercialEU s \ccShare
\ccCopy y \ccNonCommercialJP a \ccShareAlike
c \ccLogo p \ccPublicDomain z \ccZero
d \ccNoDerivatives r \ccRemix
n \ccNonCommercial m \ccSampling

ccicons additionally defines a set of commands for typesetting many complete

Creative Commons licenses (i.e., juxtapositions of two or more of the preced-
ing icons). For example, the \ccbyncnd command typesets the Attribution
NoncommercialNo Derivative Works license (c b n d). See the ccicons
documentation for more information.

Table 45: textcomp Old-style Numerals

\textzerooldstyle \textfouroldstyle \texteightoldstyle
\textoneoldstyle \textfiveoldstyle \textnineoldstyle
\texttwooldstyle \textsixoldstyle
\textthreeoldstyle \textsevenoldstyle

Rather than use the bulky \textoneoldstyle, \texttwooldstyle, etc. com-

mands shown above, consider using \oldstylenums{. . .} to typeset an old-
style number.

Table 46: Miscellaneous textcomp Symbols

\textblank \textpilcrow
\textbrokenbar ' \textquotesingle
- \textdblhyphen \textquotestraightbase
 \textdblhyphenchar \textquotestraightdblbase
\textdiscount \textrecipe
\textestimated \textreferencemark
\textinterrobang \textthreequartersemdash
\textinterrobangdown ~ \texttildelow
\textnumero  \texttwelveudash
\textopenbullet

Table 47: Miscellaneous wasysym Text-mode Symbols

h \permil

27
3 Mathematical symbols

Most, but not all, of the symbols in this section are math-mode only. That is, they yield a Missing $
inserted error message if not used within $. . .$, \[. . .\], or another math-mode environment. Opera-
tors marked as variable-sized are taller in displayed formulas, shorter in in-text formulas, and possibly
shorter still when used in various levels of superscripts or subscripts.
Alphanumeric symbols (e.g., and ) are usually produced using one of the math alphabets
in Table 307 rather than with an explicit symbol command. Look there first if you need a symbol for a
transform, number set, or some other alphanumeric.
Although there have been many requests on comp.text.tex for a contradiction symbol, the
ensuing discussion invariably reveals innumerable ways to represent contradiction in a proof, in-
cluding (\blitza), (\Rightarrow\Leftarrow), (\bot), = (\nleftrightarrow),
and (\textreferencemark). Because of the lack of notational consensus, it is probably bet-
ter to spell out Contradiction! than to use a symbol for this purpose. Similarly, discussions on
comp.text.tex have revealed that there are a variety of ways to indicate the mathematical notion
of is defined as. Common candidates include , (\triangleq), (\equiv), B (various 1 ), and
def
= (\stackrel{\text{\tiny def}}{=}). See also the example of \equalsfill on page 219. Depend-
(\dotcup),

ing upon the context, disjoint union may be represented as (\coprod), (\sqcup),
(\oplus), or any of a number of other symbols.2 Finally, the average value of a variable is written
by some people as (\overline{x}), by some people as (\langle x \rangle), and by some
people as  or (\diameter x or \varnothing x). The moral of the story is that you should be
careful always to explain your notation to avoid confusing your readers.

Table 48: Math-Mode Versions of Text Symbols

$ \mathdollar \mathparagraph $ \mathsterling
... \mathellipsis S \mathsection \mathunderscore

Its generally preferable to use the corresponding symbol from Table 3 on

page 15 because the symbols in that table work properly in both text mode
and math mode.

Table 49: cmll Unary Operators

! \oc* \shneg ? \wn*
\shift \shpos
*
\oc and \wn differ from ! and ? in terms of their math-mode spacing:
$A=!B$ produces =!, for example, while $A=\oc B$ produces = !.
1 In txfonts, pxfonts, and mathtools the symbol is called \coloneqq. In mathabx and MnSymbol its called \coloneq. In

colonequals its called \colonequals.

2 Bob Tennent listed these and other disjoint-union symbol possibilities in a November 2007 post to comp.text.tex.

28
 Table 50: Binary Operators
\amalg \cup \oplus \times
* \ast \dagger \oslash \triangleleft
\bigcirc \ddagger \otimes \triangleright
\bigtriangledown \diamond \pm E \unlhd*
\bigtriangleup \div B \rhd* D \unrhd*
\bullet C \lhd* \setminus \uplus
\cap \mp \sqcap \vee
\cdot \odot \sqcup \wedge
\circ \ominus \star \wr
*
Not predefined by the LATEX 2 core. Use the latexsym package to expose this
symbol.

Table 51: Binary Operators

Z \barwedge } \circledcirc | \intercal*
\boxdot  \circleddash h \leftthreetimes
 \boxminus d \Cup n \ltimes

\boxplus g \curlyvee i \rightthreetimes
 \boxtimes f \curlywedge o \rtimes
e \Cap > \divideontimes r \smallsetminus
 \centerdot u \dotplus Y \veebar
~ \circledast [ \doublebarwedge
*
Some people use a superscripted \intercal for matrix transpose:
A^\intercal | . (See the May 2009 comp.text.tex thread, raising
math symbols, for suggestions about altering the height of the superscript.)
\top (Table 199 on page 93), T, and \mathsf{T} are other popular choices:
, , T .

Table 52: stmaryrd Binary Operators

 \baro 9 \interleave  \varoast
\bbslash 2 \leftslice  \varobar
N \binampersand ! \merge  \varobslash
O \bindnasrepma
\minuso  \varocircle
i \boxast  \moo  \varodot
k \boxbar ` \nplus 5 \varogreaterthan
 \boxbox : \obar 4 \varolessthan
j \boxbslash @ \oblong  \varominus
 \boxcircle ; \obslash  \varoplus
\boxdot = \ogreaterthan  \varoslash
 \boxempty < \olessthan  \varotimes
l \boxslash > \ovee 6 \varovee
. \curlyveedownarrow ? \owedge 7 \varowedge
/ \curlyveeuparrow 3 \rightslice " \vartimes
' \curlywedgedownarrow  \sslash  \Ydown
& \curlywedgeuparrow 8 \talloblong  \Yleft
) \fatbslash , \varbigcirc  \Yright
# \fatsemi  \varcurlyvee  \Yup
( \fatslash \varcurlywedge

29
 Table 53: wasysym Binary Operators
C \lhd # \ocircle  \RHD D \unrhd
 \LHD B \rhd E \unlhd

Table 54: txfonts/pxfonts Binary Operators

V \circledbar T \circledwedge  \medcirc
W \circledbslash M \invamp } \sqcapplus
U \circledvee  \medbullet | \sqcupplus

Table 55: mathabx Binary Operators

\ast N \curlywedge [ \sqcap
\Asterisk \divdot \ \sqcup
X \barwedge \divideontimes ^ \sqdoublecap
\bigstar \dotdiv _ \sqdoublecup
\bigvarstar ` \dotplus \square
\blackdiamond \dottimes ] \squplus
X \cap Z \doublebarwedge \udot
\circplus \ \doublecap Z \uplus
\coasterisk ] \doublecup \varstar
\coAsterisk \ltimes _ \vee
\convolution \pluscirc Y \veebar
Y \cup \rtimes [ \veedoublebar
O \curlyvee \sqbullet ^ \wedge

Many of the preceding glyphs go by multiple names. \centerdot is equivalent

to \sqbullet, and \ast is equivalent to *. \asterisk produces the same
glyph as \ast, but as an ordinary symbol, not a binary operator. Similarly,
\bigast produces a large-operator version of the \Asterisk binary operator,
and \bigcoast produces a large-operator version of the \coAsterisk binary
operator.

Table 56: MnSymbol Binary Operators

\amalg \doublesqcup \righttherefore

\ast \doublevee \rightthreetimes
 \backslashdiv \doublewedge ( \rightY
& \bowtie \downtherefore \rtimes
\bullet + \downY  \slashdiv
\cap " \dtimes \smallprod
\capdot  \fivedots \sqcap
? \capplus \hbipropto E \sqcapdot
\cdot
\hdotdot G \sqcapplus
\circ \lefthalfcap \sqcup

(continued on next page)

30
(continued from previous page)

\closedcurlyvee \lefthalfcup D \sqcupdot

\closedcurlywedge  \lefttherefore F \sqcupplus
\cup \leftthreetimes \squaredots
\cupdot * \leftY \times
\cupplus \ltimes  \udotdot
\curlyvee \medbackslash \uptherefore
5 \curlyveedot \medcircle ) \upY
\curlywedge \medslash $ \utimes
4 \curlywedgedot \medvert \vbipropto
 \ddotdot  \medvertdot \vdotdot
\diamonddots \minus \vee
\div  \minusdot / \veedot
 \dotmedvert \mp \vertbowtie
 \dotminus \neswbipropto  \vertdiv
\doublecap \nwsebipropto \wedge
\doublecup + \plus . \wedgedot
7 \doublecurlyvee \pm \wreath
6 \doublecurlywedge \righthalfcap
\doublesqcap \righthalfcup

MnSymbol defines \setminus and \smallsetminus as synonyms for

\medbackslash; \Join as a synonym for \bowtie; \wr as a synonym for
\wreath; \shortmid as a synonym for \medvert; \Cap as a synonym for
\doublecap; \Cup as a synonym for \doublecup; and, \uplus as a synonym
for \cupplus.

Table 57: fdsymbol Binary Operators

\amalg \doublevee \rtimes

\ast \doublewedge \ \setminus
\barwedge / \downY \sqcap
\cap \dtimes I \sqcapdot
\capdot
\hdotdot K \sqcapplus
C \capplus \intercal \sqcup
\cdot \intprod H \sqcupdot
\centerdot \intprodr J \sqcupplus
\cup \leftthreetimes \times
\cupdot . \leftY \timesbar
\cupplus \ltimes  \udotdot
\curlyvee \medbackslash \upbowtie
\curlywedge \medslash - \upY
 \ddotdot \minus ( \utimes
\div \minusdot \varamalg
\divideontimes \minusfdots \vdotdot
/ \divslash \minusrdots \vdots
\dotminus \mp \vee
\dotplus + \plus \veebar

(continued on next page)

31
 (continued from previous page)

\dottimes \plusdot \veedot

\doublebarwedge \pm \veedoublebar
\doublecap \pullback \wedge
\doublecup \pushout \wedgedot
\doublesqcap \rightthreetimes \wreath
\doublesqcup , \rightY

fdsymbol defines \btimes as a synonym for \dtimes; \Cap as a synonym for

\doublecap; \Cup as a synonym for \doublecup; \hookupminus as a synonym
for \intprodr; \hourglass as a synonym for \upbowtie; \land as a synonym
for \wedge; \lor as a synonym for \vee; \minushookup as a synonym for
\intprod; \smalldivslash as a synonym for \medslash; \smallsetminus
as a synonym for \medbackslash; \Sqcap as a synonym for \doublesqcap;
\Sqcup as a synonym for \doublesqcup; \ttimes as a synonym for \utimes;
\lJoin as a synonym for \ltimes; \rJoin as a synonym for \rtimes; \Join
and \lrtimes as synonyms for \bowtie; \uplus as a synonym for \cupplus;
\veeonvee as a synonym for \doublevee; \wedgeonwedge as a synonym for
\doublewedge; and \wr as a synonym for \wreath).

Table 58: boisik Binary Operators

{ \ast \dottimes \rtimesblack

\baro \doublebarwedge \smallsetminus
\barwedge \fatsemi \smashtimes
= \bbslash \gtrdot \squplus
\binampersand \intercal < \sslash
\bindnasrepma \lbag z \times
\blackbowtie \lblackbowtie \uplus
\bowtie \leftslice \varcap
\cap \leftthreetimes \varcup
\Cap \lessdot \varintercal
y \cdot \ltimes \varsqcap
\centerdot \ltimesblack \varsqcup
\circplus \merge \vartimes
` \coAsterisk \minuso \vee
@ \convolution \moo \Vee
\cup \mp \veebar
\Cup \nplus \veeonvee
\cupleftarrow \pluscirc \wedge
\curlyvee \plustrif \Wedge
\curlywedge ~ \pm \Ydown
\dagger \rbag \Yleft
\ddagger \rblackbowtie \Yright
| \div \rightslice \Yup
\divideontimes \rightthreetimes
\dotplus \rtimes

32
 Table 59: stix Binary Operators

\amalg \fcmp \sqcup

\ast \fracslash \Sqcup
\barcap \intercal \sslash
\barcup \interleave \threedotcolon
\barvee \intprod \times
\barwedge \intprodr \timesbar
\bigslopedvee \invlazys \tminus
\bigslopedwedge \leftthreetimes \tplus
\btimes \lhd \tripleplus
\cap \ltimes \trslash
\Cap \midbarvee \twocaps
\capbarcup \midbarwedge \twocups
\capdot \minusdot \typecolon
\capovercup \minusfdots \uminus
\capwedge \minusrdots \unlhd
\closedvarcap \mp \unrhd
\closedvarcup \nhVvert \upand
\closedvarcupsmashprod \opluslhrim \uplus
\commaminus \oplusrhrim \varbarwedge
\cup \otimeslhrim \vardoublebarwedge
\Cup \otimesrhrim \varveebar
\cupbarcap \plusdot \vectimes
\cupdot \pluseqq \Vee
\cupleftarrow \plushat \vee
\cupovercap \plussim \veebar
\cupvee \plussubtwo \veedot
\curlyvee \plustrif \veedoublebar
\curlywedge \pm \veemidvert
\dagger \rhd \veeodot
\ddagger \rightthreetimes \veeonvee
\div \ringplus \Wedge
\divideontimes \rsolbar \wedge
\dotminus \rtimes \wedgebar
\dotplus \setminus \wedgedot
\dottimes \shuffle \wedgedoublebar
\doublebarvee \simplus \wedgemidvert
\doublebarwedge \smallsetminus \wedgeodot
\doubleplus \smashtimes \wedgeonwedge
\dsol \sqcap \wr
\eqqplus \Sqcap

stix defines \land as a synonym for \wedge, \lor as a synonym for \vee,
\doublecap as a synonym for \Cap, and \doublecup as a synonym for \Cup.

Table 60: mathdesign Binary Operators

_ \dtimes ] \udtimes ^ \utimes

The mathdesign package additionally provides versions of each of the binary

operators shown in Table 51 on page 29.

33
 Table 61: cmll Binary Operators
` \parr* & \with

*
cmll defines \invamp as a synonym for \parr.

\with differs from \& in terms of its math-mode spacing: $A \& B$ produces
& , for example, while $A \with B$ produces & .

Table 62: shuffle Binary Operators

 \cshuffle
\shuffle

Table 63: ulsy Geometric Binary Operators

 \odplus

Table 64: mathabx Geometric Binary Operators

\blacktriangledown i \boxright a \ominus
\blacktriangleleft m \boxslash \oplus
\blacktriangleright b \boxtimes i \oright
\blacktriangleup j \boxtop m \oslash
f \boxasterisk o \boxtriangleup b \otimes
n \boxbackslash l \boxvoid j \otop
k \boxbot f \oasterisk o \otriangleup
e \boxcirc n \obackslash l \ovoid
g \boxcoasterisk k \obot \smalltriangledown
c \boxdiv e \ocirc \smalltriangleleft
d \boxdot g \ocoasterisk \smalltriangleright
h \boxleft c \odiv \smalltriangleup
a \boxminus d \odot
\boxplus h \oleft

34
 Table 65: MnSymbol Geometric Binary Operators
\boxbackslash \filledmedtriangledown \ocirc
\boxbox \filledmedtriangleleft \odot
\boxdot \filledmedtriangleright \ominus
\boxminus \filledmedtriangleup \oplus
\boxplus \filledsquare \oslash
\boxslash \filledstar \ostar
\boxtimes \filledtriangledown \otimes
q \boxvert \filledtriangleleft d \otriangle
{ \diamondbackslash \filledtriangleright \overt
 \diamonddiamond \filledtriangleup \pentagram
\diamonddot \meddiamond \smalldiamond
x \diamondminus \medsquare \smallsquare
| \diamondplus \medstar \smallstar
z \diamondslash \medtriangledown \smalltriangledown
} \diamondtimes \medtriangleleft \smalltriangleleft
y \diamondvert \medtriangleright \smalltriangleright
\downslice \medtriangleup \smalltriangleup
\filleddiamond \oast \thinstar
\filledmedsquare \obackslash \upslice

MnSymbol defines \blacksquare as a synonym for \filledmedsquare;

\square and \Box as synonyms for \medsquare; \diamond as a synonym for
\smalldiamond; \Diamond as a synonym for \meddiamond; \star as a syn-
onym for \thinstar; \circledast as a synonym for \oast; \circledcirc as
a synonym for \ocirc; and, \circleddash as a synonym for \ominus.

Table 66: fdsymbol Geometric Binary Operators

\boxbackslash \medblacktriangledown \oplus

\boxbox \medblacktriangleleft \oslash
\boxdot \medblacktriangleright \otimes
\boxminus \medblacktriangleup \overt
\boxplus \medcircle \smallblackcircle
\boxslash \meddiamond \smallblackdiamond
\boxtimes \medslash \smallblacksquare
\boxvert \medsquare \smallblackstar
\diamondbackslash \medtriangledown \smallblacktriangledown
\diamonddiamond \medtriangleleft \smallblacktriangleleft
\diamonddot \medtriangleright \smallblacktriangleright
\diamondminus \medtriangleup \smallblacktriangleup
\diamondplus \medwhitestar \smallcircle
\diamondslash \oast \smalldiamond
\diamondtimes \obackslash \smallsquare
\diamondvert \ocirc \smalltriangledown
\medblackcircle \odash \smalltriangleleft
\medblackdiamond \odot \smalltriangleright
\medblacksquare \oequal \smalltriangleup
\medblackstar \ominus \smallwhitestar

fdsymbol defines synonyms for most of the preceding symbols:

35
 \blackdiamond \diamond \smblkcircle
\blacktriangle \Diamond \smblkdiamond
\blacktriangledown \diamondbslash \smblksquare
\blacktriangleleft \diamondcdot \smwhitestar
\blacktriangleright \mdblkdiamond \smwhtcircle
\Box \mdblksquare \smwhtdiamond
\boxbar \mdlgblkcircle \smwhtsquare
\boxbslash \mdlgblkdiamond \square
\boxdiag \mdlgblksquare \star
\bullet \mdlgwhtcircle \triangle
\circ \mdlgwhtdiamond \triangledown
\circledast \mdlgwhtsquare \triangleleft
\circledcirc \mdwhtdiamond \triangleright
\circleddash \mdwhtsquare \vartriangle
\circledequal \medstar
\circledvert \obslash

Table 67: boisik Geometric Binary Operators

\blacklozenge \boxright : \oblong

\blacksquare \boxslash \obot
\blacktriangle \boxtimes \obslash
\blacktriangledown \boxtop \ogreaterthan
\blacktriangleleft \boxtriangle \oleft
\blacktriangleright \circledast \olessthan
\boxast \circledcirc \ominus
\boxbar \circleddash \oplus
\boxbot } \diamond \oright
\boxbox \diamondbar \oslash
\boxbslash \diamondcircle \otimes
\boxcircle \diamondminus \otop
\boxdivision \diamondop \otriangle
\boxdot \diamondplus \ovee
\boxleft \diamondtimes \owedge
\boxminus \diamondtriangle \star
\boxplus \obar ; \talloblong

36
 Table 68: stix Geometric Binary Operators

\blackhourglass \concavediamondtickleft \oplus

\boxast \concavediamondtickright \oslash
\boxbar \diamond \otimes
\boxbox \dsub \Otimes
\boxbslash \hourglass \otimeshat
\boxcircle \lozengeminus \rsub
\boxdiag \mdlgblklozenge \smblkcircle
\boxdot \mdlgwhtcircle \star
\boxminus \obar \talloblong
\boxplus \obot* \triangle
\boxtimes \obslash \triangleminus
\circledast \odiv \triangleplus
\circledcirc \odot \triangleserifs
\circleddash \odotslashdot* \triangletimes
\circledequal \ogreaterthan \vysmblkcircle
\circledparallel \olcross* \vysmwhtcircle
\circledvert \olessthan \whitesquaretickleft
\circlehbar \ominus \whitesquaretickright
\concavediamond \operp

*
Defined as an ordinary character, not as a binary relation. However, these
symbols more closely resemble the other symbols in this table than they do
the geometric shapes presented in Table 381, which is why they are included
here.

stix defines \bullet as a synonym for \vysmblkcircle.

Table 69: halloweenmath Halloween-Themed Math Operators

\bigpumpkin \mathrightghost \reversemathcloud
\mathcloud \mathwitch \reversemathwitch
\mathghost \mathwitch* \reversemathwitch*
\mathleftghost \pumpkin

These symbols accept limits. For example,

\mathwitch*_{i=0}^{\infty} f(x) produces =0 () in text mode
and

()
=0

in display mode.

\greatpumpkin is a synonym for \bigpumpkin.

37
 Table 70: stix Small Integrals
\smallawint \smallintcap \smalloint
\smallcirfnint \smallintclockwise \smallointctrclockwise
\smallfint \smallintcup \smallpointint
\smalliiiint \smallintlarhk \smallrppolint
\smalliiint \smallintx \smallscpolint
\smalliint \smalllowint \smallsqint
\smallint \smallnpolint \smallsumint
\smallintbar \smalloiiint \smallupint
\smallintBar \smalloiint \smallvarointclockwise

By default, each of the preceding commands points to a slanted version of the

glyph, as shown. The upint package option typesets each integral instead as
an upright version. Slanted and upright integrals can be mixed, however, by
explicitly using the commands shown in Table 71.

Table 71: stix Small Integrals with Explicit Slant

\smallawintsl \smallawintup
\smallcirfnintsl \smallcirfnintup
\smallfintsl \smallfintup
\smalliiiintsl \smalliiiintup
\smalliiintsl \smalliiintup
\smalliintsl \smalliintup
\smallintbarsl \smallintBarup
\smallintBarsl \smallintbarup
\smallintcapsl \smallintcapup
\smallintclockwisesl \smallintclockwiseup
\smallintcupsl \smallintcupup
\smallintlarhksl \smallintlarhkup
\smallintsl \smallintup
\smallintxsl \smallintxup
\smalllowintsl \smalllowintup
\smallnpolintsl \smallnpolintup
\smalloiiintsl \smalloiiintup
\smalloiintsl \smalloiintup
\smallointctrclockwisesl \smallointctrclockwiseup
\smallointsl \smallointup
\smallpointintsl \smallpointintup
\smallrppolintsl \smallrppolintup
\smallscpolintsl \smallscpolintup
\smallsqintsl \smallsqintup
\smallsumintsl \smallsumintup
\smallupintsl \smallupintup
\smallvarointclockwisesl \smallvarointclockwiseup

Instead of using the preceding symbols directly, it is generally preferable to use

the symbols listed in Table 70 either with or without the upint package option.
Specifying upint selects each integrals upright (up) variant, while omitting
upint selects each integrals slanted (sl) variant. Use the symbols shown in
Table 71 only when you need to include both upright and slanted variations of
a symbol in the same document.

38
 Table 72: Variable-sized Math Operators

\bigcap \bigotimes \bigwedge \prod

\bigcup \bigsqcup \coprod \sum


\bigodot \biguplus \int


\bigoplus \bigvee \oint

Table 73: Variable-sized Math Operators

\iint \iiint


\iiiint \idotsint

Table 74: stmaryrd Variable-sized Math Operators

em g o 
\bigbox \biginterleave \bigsqcap
bj
`h
\bigcurlyvee \bignplus \bigtriangledown
ck f n ai
\bigcurlywedge \bigparallel \bigtriangleup

Table 75: wasysym Variable-sized Math Operators

r w sx ty
\int \iint \iiint

uz v{
\oint \oiint

If wasysym is loaded without package options then none of the preceding sym-
bols are defined. However, \varint produces wasysyms \int glyph, and
\varoint produces wasysyms \oint glyph.

If wasysym is loaded with the integrals option then all of the preceding symbols
are defined, but \varint and \varoint are left undefined.

If wasysym is loaded with the nointegrals option then none of the preceding
symbols, \varint, or \varoint are defined.

39
 Table 76: mathabx Variable-sized Math Operators

\bigcurlyvee \bigboxslash \bigoright

\bigsqcap \bigboxtimes \bigoslash

\bigcurlywedge \bigboxtop \bigotop

\bigboxasterisk \bigboxtriangleup \bigotriangleup

\bigboxbackslash \bigboxvoid \bigovoid

\bigboxbot \bigcomplementop \bigplus

\bigboxcirc \bigoasterisk \bigsquplus

\bigboxcoasterisk \bigobackslash \bigtimes


\bigboxdiv \bigobot \iiint


\bigboxdot \bigocirc \iint


\bigboxleft \bigocoasterisk \int


\bigboxminus \bigodiv \oiint


\bigboxplus \bigoleft \oint

\bigboxright \bigominus

40
 Table 77: txfonts/pxfonts Variable-sized Math Operators

 

\bigsqcapplus \ointclockwise



\bigsqcupplus \ointctrclockwise

> ? R S
\fint \sqiiint

' ( P Q
\idotsint \sqiint

% &  
\iiiint \sqint

# $ F G
\iiint \varoiiintclockwise

! " N O
\iint \varoiiintctrclockwise

L M B C
\oiiintclockwise \varoiintclockwise

D E J K
\oiiintctrclockwise \varoiintctrclockwise

) * - .
\oiiint \varointclockwise

H I + ,
\oiintclockwise \varointctrclockwise
A
@  
\oiintctrclockwise \varprod


\oiint

41
 Table 78: esint Variable-sized Math Operators


\dotsint \ointclockwise

ffl 
\fint \ointctrclockwise


\iiiint \sqiint


\iiint \sqint
"
!
\iint \varoiint
& fi
% ff
\landdownint \varointclockwise
$ ffi
# fl
\landupint \varointctrclockwise

\oiint

Table 79: bigints Variable-sized Math Operators

\bigint \bigoint

\bigints \bigoints


\bigintss \bigointss


\bigintsss \bigointsss


\bigintssss \bigointssss

42
 Table 80: MnSymbol Variable-sized Math Operators

\bigcap \bigominus \complement

\bigcapdot \bigoplus \coprod

$ % \bigcapplus \bigoslash \idotsint

\bigcircle \bigostar \iiiint

\bigcup \bigotimes \iiint

\bigcupdot F G \bigotriangle \iint

\bigcupplus* \bigovert \int

\bigcurlyvee + + \bigplus \landdownint

  \bigcurlyveedot \bigsqcap \landupint

\bigcurlywedge , - \bigsqcapdot \lcircleleftint

  \bigcurlywedgedot 0 1 \bigsqcapplus \lcirclerightint

  \bigdoublecurlyvee \bigsqcup \oiint

  \bigdoublecurlywedge . / \bigsqcupdot \oint

\bigdoublevee 2 3 \bigsqcupplus \prod

\bigdoublewedge \bigtimes \rcircleleftint

\bigoast \bigvee \rcirclerightint

\bigobackslash
 \bigveedot \strokedint

\bigocirc \bigwedge \sum

\bigodot  \bigwedgedot \sumint

*
MnSymbol defines \biguplus as a synonym for \bigcupplus.

Table 81: fdsymbol Variable-sized Math Operators

\bigcap \bigsqcup \landupint

  \bigcapdot & ' \bigsqcupdot \lcircleleftint

(continued on next page)

43
(continued from previous page)

  \bigcapplus * + \bigsqcupplus \lcirclerightint

\bigcup \bigtimes \oiiint

\bigcupdot \bigvee \oiint

\bigcupplus
 \bigveedot \oint

  \bigcurlyvee \bigwedge \osum

  \bigcurlywedge  \bigwedgedot \prod

\bigdoublevee \coprod \rcircleleftint

\bigdoublewedge \fint \rcirclerightint

2 3 \bigoast \idotsint \sum

\bigodot \iiiint \sumint

\bigoplus \iiint \varcoprod

\bigotimes \iint \varosum

\bigplus \int \varprod

\bigsqcap \intbar \varsum

$ % \bigsqcapdot \intBar \varsumint

( ) \bigsqcapplus \landdownint

*
fdsymbol defines \awint as a synonym for \landdownint, \biguplus as a
synonym for \bigcupplus, \conjquant as a synonym for \bigdoublewedge,
\disjquant as a synonym for \bigdoublevee, \dotsint as a synonym for
\idotsint, \intclockwise as a synonym for \landupint, \intctrclockwise
as a synonym for \landdownint, \modtwosum as a synonym for \osum,
\ointclockwise as a synonym for \lcircleleftint, \ointctrclockwise
as a synonym for \rcirclerightint, \varmodtwosum as a synonym for
\varosum, \varointclockwise as a synonym for \lcirclerightint, and
\varointctrclockwise as a synonym for \rcircleleftint.

Table 82: boisik Variable-sized Math Operators

\intup

boisik additionally provides all of the symbols in Table 72.

44
 Table 83: stix Variable-sized Math Operators

\awint \coprod \oiiint

\Bbbsum \disjquant \oiint

\bigcap \fint \oint

\bigcup \iiiint \ointctrclockwise

\bigcupdot \iiint \pointint

\bigodot \iint \prod

\bigoplus \int \rppolint

\bigotimes \intbar \scpolint

\bigsqcap \intBar \sqint

\bigsqcup \intcap \sum

\bigtalloblong \intclockwise \sumint

\bigtimes \intcup \upint

\biguplus \intlarhk \varointclockwise

\bigvee \intx \xbsol

\bigwedge \lowint \xsol

\cirfnint \modtwosum

\conjquant \npolint

By default, each of the integral-producing commands in Table 83 points to a

slanted version of the glyph, as shown. The upint package option typesets each
integral instead as an upright version. Slanted and upright integrals can be
mixed, however, by explicitly using the commands shown in Table 84.

45
 Table 84: stix Integrals with Explicit Slant

\intsl \intup

\iintsl \iintup

\iiintsl \iiintup

\ointsl \ointup

\oiintsl \oiintup

\oiiintsl \oiiintup

\intclockwisesl \intclockwiseup

\varointclockwisesl \varointclockwiseup

\ointctrclockwisesl \ointctrclockwiseup

\sumintsl \sumintup

\iiiintsl \iiiintup

\intbarsl \intbarup

\intBarsl \intBarup

\fintsl \fintup

\cirfnintsl \cirfnintup

\awintsl \awintup

\rppolintsl \rppolintup

\scpolintsl \scpolintup

\npolintsl \npolintup

(continued on next page)

46
(continued from previous page)

\pointintsl \pointintup

\sqintsl \sqintup

\intlarhksl \intlarhkup

\intxsl \intxup

\intcapsl \intcapup

\intcupsl \intcupup

\upintsl \upintup

\lowintsl \lowintup

Instead of using the preceding symbols directly, it is generally preferable to use

the symbols listed in Table 83 either with or without the upint package option.
Specifying upint selects each integrals upright (up) variant, while omitting
upint selects each integrals slanted (sl) variant. Use the symbols shown in
Table 84 only when you need to include both upright and slanted variations of
a symbol in the same document.

Table 85: mathdesign Variable-sized Math Operators

\intclockwise \ointclockwise

\oiiint \ointctrclockwise

\oiint

The mathdesign package provides three versions of each integralin

R fact, Rof
every symbolto accompany different text fonts: Utopia ( ), Garamond ( ),
R
and Charter ( ).

47
 Table 86: prodint Variable-sized Math Operators

P \prodi R \Prodi T \PRODI

prodint currently requires the author to manually specify \prodi for inlined
expressions ($. . . $), \Prodi for displayed math (\[. . . \]), and \PRODI for dis-
played math involving tall integrands. The package does not define a product
integral command that scales automatically akin to the symbols in Table 72.

Table 87: cmll Large Math Operators

\bigparr* \bigwith

*
cmll defines \biginvamp as a synonym for \bigparr.

Table 88: Binary Relations

\approx \equiv \perp \smile
\asymp \frown \prec \succ
\bowtie Z \Join* \preceq \succeq
 \cong | \mid \propto \vdash
\dashv |= \models \sim
 \doteq \parallel \simeq
*
Not predefined by the LATEX 2 core. Use the latexsym package to expose this
symbol.

The difference between \mid and | is that the former is a binary relation
while the latter is a math ordinal. Consequently, LATEX typesets the two
with different surrounding spacing. Contrast P(A | B) (|) with
P(A \mid B) ( | ).

Table 89: Binary Relations

u \approxeq P \eqcirc v \succapprox
 \backepsilon ; \fallingdotseq < \succcurlyeq
v \backsim ( \multimap % \succsim
w \backsimeq t \pitchfork \therefore
\because w \precapprox \thickapprox
G \between 4 \preccurlyeq \thicksim
m \Bumpeq - \precsim \varpropto
l \bumpeq : \risingdotseq \Vdash
$ \circeq p \shortmid  \vDash
2 \curlyeqprec q \shortparallel  \Vvdash
3 \curlyeqsucc a \smallfrown
+ \doteqdot ` \smallsmile

48
 Table 90: Negated Binary Relations
 \ncong / \nshortparallel 3 \nVDash
- \nmid / \nsim  \precnapprox
\nparallel  \nsucc  \precnsim
\nprec  \nsucceq  \succnapprox
 \npreceq 2 \nvDash  \succnsim
. \nshortmid 0 \nvdash

Table 91: stmaryrd Binary Relations

A \inplus B \niplus

Table 92: wasysym Binary Relations

 \invneg { \leadsto  \wasypropto
Z \Join  \logof

Table 93: txfonts/pxfonts Binary Relations

S \circledgtr X \lJoin ] \opentimes
R \circledless \ \lrtimes y \Perp
\colonapprox ( \multimap  \preceqq
 \Colonapprox  \multimapboth  \precneqq
D \coloneq \multimapbothvert Y \rJoin
H \Coloneq  \multimapdot K \strictfi
F \Coloneqq  \multimapdotboth J \strictif
B \coloneqq*  \multimapdotbothA L \strictiff
 \Colonsim \multimapdotbothAvert  \succeqq
 \colonsim  \multimapdotbothB  \succneqq
I \Eqcolon \multimapdotbothBvert \varparallel
E \eqcolon \multimapdotbothvert
\varparallelinv
C \eqqcolon  \multimapdotinv  \VvDash
G \Eqqcolon  \multimapinv
h \eqsim [ \openJoin

*
As an alternative to using txfonts/pxfonts, a := symbol can be constructed
with \mathrel{\mathop:}=.

Table 94: txfonts/pxfonts Negated Binary Relations

6 \napproxeq $ \npreccurlyeq 5 \nthickapprox
- \nasymp 9 \npreceqq h \ntwoheadleftarrow
* \nbacksim  \nprecsim g \ntwoheadrightarrow
+ \nbacksimeq ; \nsimeq  \nvarparallel
( \nbumpeq 8 \nsuccapprox  \nvarparallelinv
) \nBumpeq % \nsucccurlyeq 1 \nVdash
. \nequiv : \nsucceqq
7 \nprecapprox  \nsuccsim

49
 Table 95: mathabx Binary Relations
\between  \divides \risingdotseq
\botdoteq \dotseq \succapprox
\Bumpedeq \eqbumped \succcurlyeq
 \bumpedeq ff \eqcirc \succdot
\circeq \eqcolon \succsim
\coloneq \fallingdotseq 6 \therefore
fl \corresponds \ggcurly \topdoteq
\curlyeqprec \llcurly ( \vDash
\curlyeqsucc \precapprox , \Vdash
) \DashV \preccurlyeq ( \VDash
) \Dashv \precdot , \Vvdash
- \dashVv \precsim

Table 96: mathabx Negated Binary Relations

ff \napprox M \notperp * \nvDash
fl \ncong \nprec * \nVDash
\ncurlyeqprec \nprecapprox . \nVdash
\ncurlyeqsucc \npreccurlyeq & \nvdash
+ \nDashv \npreceq . \nVvash
/ \ndashV \nprecsim \precnapprox
\ndashv \nsim \precneq
+ \nDashV fi \nsimeq \precnsim
/ \ndashVv \nsucc \succnapprox
\neq \nsuccapprox \succneq
ffi \notasymp \nsucccurlyeq \succnsim
ffl \notdivides \nsucceq
\notequiv \nsuccsim

The \changenotsign command toggles the behavior of \not to produce either

a vertical or a diagonal slash through a binary operator. Thus, $a \not= b$
can be made to produce either = or = .

Table 97: MnSymbol Binary Relations

\approx \hateq \rightpropto

\approxeq \hcrossing \rightslice
 \backapprox z \leftfootline \rightVdash
 \backapproxeq \leftfree \rightvdash
\backcong \leftmodels \risingdotseq
 \backeqsim \leftModels  \sefootline
\backsim \leftpropto \sefree
\backsimeq \leftrightline \seModels
 \backtriplesim \Leftrightline \semodels
\between \leftslice \separated
\bumpeq \leftVdash \seVdash

(continued on next page)

50
 (continued from previous page)

\Bumpeq \leftvdash \sevdash

\circeq | \nefootline \shortparallel
\closedequal \nefree \sim
\closedprec \neModels \simeq
\closedsucc \nemodels \succ
= \coloneq \neswline \succapprox
\cong \Neswline \succcurlyeq
\curlyeqprec \neVdash \succeq
\curlyeqsucc \nevdash \succsim
\Doteq } \nwfootline ~ \swfootline
\doteq \nwfree \swfree
{ \downfootline \nwmodels \swModels
\downfree \nwModels \swmodels
\downmodels \nwsecrossing \swVdash
\downModels \Nwseline \swvdash
\downpropto \nwseline \triplesim
\downvdash \nwvdash \updownline
\downVdash \nwVdash \Updownline
 \eqbump \prec y \upfootline
\eqcirc \precapprox \upfree
\eqdot \preccurlyeq \upModels
\eqsim \preceq \upmodels
= \equal \precsim \uppropto
\equalclosed x \rightfootline \upvdash
\equiv \rightfree \upVdash
\equivclosed \rightmodels \vcrossing
\fallingdotseq \rightModels \Vvdash

MnSymbol additionally defines synonyms for some of the preceding symbols:

\dashv (same as \leftvdash)

\diagdown (same as \nwseline)
\diagup (same as \neswline)
\divides (same as \updownline)
\doteqdot (same as \Doteq)
\models (same as \rightmodels)
\parallel (same as \Updownline)
\perp (same as \upvdash)
\propto (same as \leftpropto)
\relbar (same as \leftrightline)
\Relbar (same as \Leftrightline)
\varpropto (same as \leftpropto)
\vDash (same as \rightmodels)
\VDash (same as \rightModels)
\vdash (same as \rightvdash)
\Vdash (same as \rightVdash)

51
 Table 98: MnSymbol Negated Binary Relations

\napprox \nleftfootline \nrisingdotseq

\napproxeq \nleftfree \nsefootline
\nbackapprox \nleftmodels \nsefree
\nbackapproxeq \nleftModels \nseModels
\nbackcong \nleftrightline \nsemodels
\nbackeqsim \nLeftrightline \nsevdash
\nbacksim \nleftvdash \nseVdash
\nbacksimeq \nleftVdash \nshortmid
\nbacktriplesim \nnefootline \nshortparallel
\nbumpeq \nnefree \nsim
\nBumpeq \nnemodels \nsimeq
\ncirceq \nneModels \nsucc
\nclosedequal \nneswline \nsuccapprox
\ncong \nNeswline \nsucccurlyeq
\ncurlyeqprec \nneVdash \nsucceq
\ncurlyeqsucc \nnevdash \nsuccsim
\ndoteq \nnwfootline \nswfootline
\nDoteq \nnwfree \nswfree
\ndownfootline \nnwmodels \nswModels
\ndownfree \nnwModels \nswmodels
\ndownModels \nNwseline \nswvdash
\ndownmodels \nnwseline \nswVdash
\ndownVdash \nnwvdash \ntriplesim
\ndownvdash \nnwVdash \nUpdownline
\neqbump \nprec \nupdownline
\neqcirc \nprecapprox \nupfootline
\neqdot \npreccurlyeq \nupfree
\neqsim \npreceq \nupModels
\nequal \nprecsim \nupmodels
\nequalclosed \nrightfootline \nupVdash
\nequiv \nrightfree \nupvdash
\nequivclosed \nrightModels \precnapprox
\neswcrossing \nrightmodels \precnsim
\nfallingdotseq \nrightvdash \succnapprox
\nhateq \nrightVdash \succnsim

MnSymbol additionally defines synonyms for some of the preceding symbols:

\ndashv (same as \nleftvdash)

\ndiagdown (same as \nnwseline)
\ndiagup (same as \nneswline)
\ndivides (same as \nupdownline)
\ne (same as \nequal)
\neq (same as \nequal)
\nmid (same as \nupdownline)
\nmodels (same as \nrightmodels)
\nparallel (same as \nUpdownline)
\nperp (same as \nupvdash)
\nrelbar (same as \nleftrightline)
\nRelbar (same as \nLeftrightline)
\nvDash (same as \nrightmodels)
\nvdash (same as \nrightvdash)
\nVdash (same as \nrightVdash)
\nVDash (same as \nrightModels)

52
 Table 99: fdsymbol Binary Relations

\approx \equiv \rightmodels

\approxeq \fallingdotseq \rightVdash
\backcong \frown \rightVDash
\backpropto \frowneq \rightvdash
\backsim \frownsmile \rightvDash
\backsimeq \in \risingdotseq
\between \leftassert \shortmid
\bowtie \leftAssert \shortparallel
\bumpeq \leftfootline \sim
\Bumpeq \leftmodels \simeq
\bumpeqq \leftvdash \smile
\circeq \leftvDash  \smileeq
\coloneq \leftVdash \smilefrown
\cong \leftVDash \stareq
\crossing \longleftfootline \succ
\curlyeqprec \Longmapsfrom \succapprox
\curlyeqsucc \longmapsfrom \succcurlyeq
\dashVv \longrightfootline \succeq
\Ddashv \mid \succeqq
\dotcong \owns \succsim
\doteq \parallel \thickapprox
\Doteq \prec \thicksim
\dotsminusdots \precapprox \triplesim
\downAssert \preccurlyeq \upassert
\downassert \preceq \upAssert
\downmodels \preceqq \upmodels
\downvDash \precnapprox \upvdash
\downVdash \precneq \upvDash
\downvdash \precneqq \upVdash
\downVDash \precnsim \upVDash
\eqcirc \precsim \vDdash
\eqcolon \propto \veeeq
\eqdot \rightassert \Vvdash
\eqsim \rightAssert \wedgeq
= \equal \rightfootline

fdsymbol defines synonyms for many of the preceding symbols:

\approxident \dashV \shortrighttack

\arceq \doteqdot \shortuptack
\Assert \eqqcolon \smallfrown
\assert \hateq \smallsmile
\asymp \Join \varpropto
\Barv \longdashv \vBar
\barV \models \Vbar
\closure \ni \vDash
\coloneqq \perp \VDash
\dashv \propfrom \Vdash
\DashV \shortdowntack \vdash
\Dashv \shortlefttack \vlongdash

53
 Table 100: fdsymbol Negated Binary Relations

\backsimneqq \nin \nsim

\napprox \nleftAssert \nsimeq
\napproxeq \nleftassert \nsmile
\nbackcong \nleftfootline \nsmileeq
\nbacksim \nleftmodels \nsmilefrown
\nbacksimeq \nleftvDash \nstareq
\nbumpeq \nleftvdash \nsucc
\nBumpeq \nleftVdash \nsuccapprox
\nbumpeqq \nleftVDash \nsucccurlyeq
\ncirceq \nlongleftfootline \nsucceq
\ncong \nLongmapsfrom \nsucceqq
\ncurlyeqprec \nlongmapsfrom \nsuccsim
\ncurlyeqsucc \nlongrightfootline \ntriplesim
\ndashVv \nmid \nupassert
\nDdashv \nowns \nupAssert
\ndoteq \nparallel \nupmodels
\nDoteq \nprec \nupVDash
\ndownassert \nprecapprox \nupvDash
\ndownAssert \npreccurlyeq \nupVdash
\ndownmodels \npreceq \nupvdash
\ndownvdash \npreceqq \nvDdash
\ndownVdash \nprecsim \nveeeq
\ndownVDash \nrightassert \nVvdash
\ndownvDash \nrightAssert \nwedgeq
\neqcirc \nrightfootline \precneq
\neqdot \nrightmodels \precneqq
\neqsim \nrightvdash \simneqq
\nequal \nrightVdash \succnapprox
\nequiv \nrightvDash \succneq
\nfallingdotseq \nrightVDash \succneqq
\nfrown \nrisingdotseq \succnsim
\nfrowneq \nshortmid
\nfrownsmile \nshortparallel

fdsymbol defines synonyms for many of the preceding symbols:

\napproxident \ndashV \nshortrighttack

\narceq \ne \nshortuptack
\nAssert \neq \nsime
\nassert \nhateq \nvBar
\nasymp \nlongdashv \nVbar
\nBarv \nmodels \nVdash
\nbarV \nni \nvDash
\nclosure \notin \nVDash
\nDashV \nperp \nvdash
\nDashv \nshortdowntack \nvlongdash
\ndashv \nshortlefttack

54
 Table 101: boisik Binary Relations

\ac > \fatslash ; \scurel

\approxeq \forkv \shortmid
\arceq \frown \shortparallel
\backsim \ggcurly \simrdots
\backsimeq > \hash \smallfrown
` \bagmember \inplus \smallsmile
\because \kernelcontraction \smile
\between \llcurly \strictfi
\bumpeq \multimap \strictif
\Bumpeq \multimapboth \succapprox
\circeq \multimapbothvert \succcurlyeq
\CircledEq \multimapdot \succnapprox
\cong \multimapdotboth \succneqq
\corresponds \multimapdotbothA \succnsim
\curlyeqprec \multimapdotbothAvert \succsim
\curlyeqsucc \multimapdotbothB \therefore
\dashV \multimapdotbothBvert \thickapprox
\DashV \multimapdotbothvert \thicksim
\dashVv \multimapdotinv \topfork
\dfourier \multimapinv \triangleq
\Dfourier \niplus ? \varhash
< \disin = \nisd \varisins
\doteq \Perp \varnis
\doteqdot \pitchfork \varpropto
\dotminus \precapprox \Vdash
\dotsim \preccurlyeq \vDash
\eqbumped \precnapprox \VDash
\eqcirc \precneqq \veeeq
\eqsim \precnsim \Vvdash
\equalparallel \precsim \ztransf
\fallingdotseq : \prurel \Ztransf
? \fatbslash \risingdotseq

Table 102: boisik Negated Binary Relations

\ncong \npreceq \nVDash
\neq \nshortmid \nVdash
@ \nequiv \nshortparallel \nvdash
\nmid \nsim \nvDash
\nparallel \nsucc
\nprec \nsucceq

55
 Table 103: stix Binary Relations

\approx \eqvparsl \rightfishtail

\approxeq \fallingdotseq \rightimply
\approxeqq \fbowtie \righttail
\approxident \forksnot \risingdotseq
\arceq \forkv \rsqhook
\assert \frown \ruledelayed
\asteq \gleichstark \scurel
\asymp \hatapprox \shortdowntack
\backcong \imageof \shortlefttack
\backsim \in \shortmid
\backsimeq \isindot \shortparallel
\bagmember \isinE \shortuptack
\Barv \isinobar \sim
\barV \isins \simeq
\between \isinvb \simminussim
\bNot \kernelcontraction \simneqq
\bowtie \leftdbltail \simrdots
\Bumpeq \leftfishtail \smallfrown
\bumpeq \lefttail \smallin
\bumpeqq \lfbowtie \smallni
\cirbot \lftimes \smallsmile
\circeq \longdashv \smeparsl
\cirmid \lsqhook \smile
\closure \measeq \stareq
\Coloneq \mid \succ
\coloneq \midcir \Succ
\cong \mlcp \succapprox
\congdot \models \succcurlyeq
\curlyeqprec \multimap \succeq
\curlyeqsucc \multimapinv \succeqq
\dashcolon \ni \succnapprox
\dashv \niobar \succneq
\dashV \nis \succneqq
\Dashv \nisd \succnsim
\DashV \Not \succsim
\DashVDash \notchar \thickapprox
\dashVdash \origof \thicksim
\ddotseq \parallel \topfork
\disin \parsim \upfishtail
\Doteq \perp \upin
\doteq \pitchfork \varisinobar
\dotequiv \prec \varisins
\dotsim \Prec \varniobar
\dotsminusdots \precapprox \varnis
\downfishtail \preccurlyeq \varpropto
\dualmap \preceq \varVdash
\eparsl \preceqq \vBar
\eqcirc \precnapprox \Vbar
\eqcolon \precneq \vBarv
\eqdef \precneqq \Vdash
\eqdot \precnsim \vdash

(continued on next page)

56
(continued from previous page)

\eqeq \precsim \vDash

\eqeqeq \propto \VDash
\eqqsim \prurel \vDdash
\eqsim \pullback \vdots
\equalparallel \pushout \veeeq
\equiv \questeq \veeonwedge
\Equiv \revnmid \vertoverlay
\equivDD \rfbowtie \vlongdash
\equivVert \rftimes \Vvdash
\equivVvert \rightdbltail \wedgeq

stix defines \owns as a synonym for \ni and \doteqdot as a synonym for
\Doteq.

Table 104: stix Negated Binary Relations

\forks \nhpar \nsime
\napprox \nmid \nsucc
\napproxeqq \nni \nsucccurlyeq
\nasymp \notin \nsucceq
\nBumpeq \nparallel \nvarisinobar
\nbumpeq \nprec \nvarniobar
\ncong \npreccurlyeq \nvDash
\ncongdot \npreceq \nvdash
\ne \nshortmid \nVDash
\neqsim \nshortparallel \nVdash
\nequiv \nsim

stix defines \neq as a synonym for \ne, \nsimeq as a synonym for \nsime, and
\nforksnot as a synonym for \forks.

Table 105: mathtools Binary Relations

:: \Colonapprox : \coloneq :: \Eqcolon
: \colonapprox : \colonsim =: \eqqcolon
:= \coloneqq :: \Colonsim =:: \Eqqcolon
::= \Coloneqq :: \dblcolon
:: \Coloneq : \eqcolon

Similar symbols can be defined using mathtoolss \vcentcolon, which produces

a colon centered on the fonts math axis:

=:=
=:=
vs. = :=
=\vcentcolon=

57
 Table 106: turnstile Binary Relations

\dddtstile{abc}{def} \nntstile{abc}{def} \stdtstile{abc}{def}

\ddststile{abc}{def} \nnttstile{abc}{def} \stststile{abc}{def}

\ddtstile{abc}{def} \nsdtstile{abc}{def} \sttstile{abc}{def}

\ddttstile{abc}{def} \nsststile{abc}{def} \stttstile{abc}{def}

\dndtstile{abc}{def}
\dnststile{abc}{def}
\dntstile{abc}{def}
\dnttstile{abc}{def}
\dsdtstile{abc}{def}
\dsststile{abc}{def}
\dststile{abc}{def}
\dsttstile{abc}{def}
\dtdtstile{abc}{def}
\nststile{abc}{def}
\nsttstile{abc}{def}
\ntdtstile{abc}{def}
\ntststile{abc}{def}
\nttstile{abc}{def}
\ntttstile{abc}{def}
\sddtstile{abc}{def}
\sdststile{abc}{def}
\sdtstile{abc}{def}
\tddtstile{abc}{def}
\tdststile{abc}{def}
\tdtstile{abc}{def}
\tdttstile{abc}{def}
\tndtstile{abc}{def}
\tnststile{abc}{def}
\tntstile{abc}{def}
\tnttstile{abc}{def}
\tsdtstile{abc}{def}

\dtststile{abc}{def}
\sdttstile{abc}{def} \tsststile{abc}{def}

\dttstile{abc}{def} \sndtstile{abc}{def} \tststile{abc}{def}

\dtttstile{abc}{def} \snststile{abc}{def} \tsttstile{abc}{def}

\nddtstile{abc}{def} \sntstile{abc}{def} \ttdtstile{abc}{def}

\ndststile{abc}{def} \snttstile{abc}{def} \ttststile{abc}{def}

\ndtstile{abc}{def} \ssdtstile{abc}{def} \tttstile{abc}{def}

\ndttstile{abc}{def} \ssststile{abc}{def} \ttttstile{abc}{def}

\nndtstile{abc}{def} \sststile{abc}{def}

\nnststile{abc}{def} \ssttstile{abc}{def}

Each of the above takes an optional argument that controls the size of the upper
and lower expressions. See the turnstile documentation for more information.

58


Table 107: trsym Binary Relations

 
\InversTransformHoriz \TransformHoriz
\InversTransformVert \TransformVert

Table 108: trfsigns Binary Relations

....
....
\dfourier \Dfourier
\fourier \Fourier
\laplace \Laplace
....
....
\ztransf \Ztransf

Table 109: cmll Binary Relations

\coh \scoh
\incoh \sincoh
\Perp \simperp
\multimapboth

Table 110: colonequals Binary Relations

: \approxcolon :: \coloncolonminus =:: \equalscoloncolon
:: \approxcoloncolon :: \coloncolonsim : \minuscolon
: \colonapprox := \colonequals :: \minuscoloncolon
:: \coloncolon : \colonminus : \ratio
:: \coloncolonapprox : \colonsim : \simcolon
::= \coloncolonequals =: \equalscolon :: \simcoloncolon

Table 111: fourier Binary Relations

\nparallelslant \parallelslant

Table 112: Subset and Superset Relations

@ \sqsubset* \sqsupseteq \supset
\sqsubseteq \subset \supseteq
A \sqsupset* \subseteq
*
Not predefined by the LATEX 2 core. Use the latexsym package to expose this
symbol.

59
 Table 113: Subset and Superset Relations
* \nsubseteq j \subseteqq % \supsetneqq
+ \nsupseteq ( \subsetneq \varsubsetneq
# \nsupseteqq $ \subsetneqq & \varsubsetneqq
@ \sqsubset c \Supset ! \varsupsetneq
A \sqsupset k \supseteqq ' \varsupsetneqq
b \Subset ) \supsetneq

Table 114: stmaryrd Subset and Superset Relations

D \subsetplus E \supsetplus
F \subsetpluseq G \supsetpluseq

Table 115: wasysym Subset and Superset Relations

@ \sqsubset A \sqsupset

Table 116: txfonts/pxfonts Subset and Superset Relations

a \nsqsubset A \nsqsupseteq ? \nSupset
@ \nsqsubseteq > \nSubset
b \nsqsupset " \nsubseteqq

Table 117: mathabx Subset and Superset Relations

\nsqsubset \nsupset \sqsupseteq \supseteq
\nsqSubset \nSupset \sqsupseteqq \supseteqq
\nsqsubseteq \nsupseteq \sqsupsetneq \supsetneq
\nsqsubseteqq \nsupseteqq \sqsupsetneqq \supsetneqq
\nsqsupset \sqsubset \subset \varsqsubsetneq
\nsqSupset \sqSubset \Subset \varsqsubsetneqq
\nsqsupseteq \sqsubseteq \subseteq \varsqsupsetneq
\nsqsupseteqq \sqsubseteqq \subseteqq \varsqsupsetneqq
\nsubset \sqsubsetneq \subsetneq \varsubsetneq
\nSubset \sqsubsetneqq \subsetneqq \varsubsetneqq
\nsubseteq \sqSupset \supset \varsupsetneq
\nsubseteqq \sqsupset \Supset \varsupsetneqq

60
 Table 118: MnSymbol Subset and Superset Relations
\nSqsubset \nsubseteq \sqsubsetneq \subseteq
\nsqsubset \nsubseteqq \sqsubsetneqq \subseteqq
\nsqsubseteq \nSupset _ \Sqsupset \subsetneq
\nsqsubseteqq \nsupset \sqsupset \subsetneqq
\nSqsupset \nsupseteq \sqsupseteq \Supset
\nsqsupset \nsupseteqq ] \sqsupseteqq \supset
\nsqsupseteq ^ \Sqsubset \sqsupsetneq \supseteq
\nsqsupseteqq \sqsubset \sqsupsetneqq \supseteqq
\nSubset \sqsubseteq \Subset \supsetneq
\nsubset \ \sqsubseteqq \subset \supsetneqq

MnSymbol additionally defines \varsubsetneq as a synonym for \subsetneq,

\varsubsetneqq as a synonym for \subsetneqq, \varsupsetneq as a synonym
for \supsetneq, and \varsupsetneqq as a synonym for \supsetneqq.

Table 119: fdsymbol Subset and Superset Relations

\nsqsubset \nsubseteq \sqsubsetneq \subseteq
\nSqsubset \nsubseteqq \sqsubsetneqq \subseteqq
\nsqsubseteq \nsupset \sqsupset \subsetneq
\nsqsubseteqq \nSupset K \Sqsupset \subsetneqq
\nsqsupset \nsupseteq \sqsupseteq \supset
\nSqsupset \nsupseteqq I \sqsupseteqq \Supset
\nsqsupseteq \sqsubset \sqsupsetneq \supseteq
\nsqsupseteqq J \Sqsubset \sqsupsetneqq \supseteqq
\nsubset \sqsubseteq \subset \supsetneq
\nSubset H \sqsubseteqq \Subset \supsetneqq

fdsymbol additionally defines \varsubsetneqq as a synonym for \subsetneqq,

\varsubsetneq as a synonym for \subsetneq, \varsupsetneqq as a synonym
for \supsetneqq, and \varsupsetneq as a synonym for \supsetneq.

Table 120: boisik Subset and Superset Relations

\nsubset \sqSubset \subsetplus \supsetpluseq
\nsubseteq \sqSupset \subsetpluseq \varsubsetneq
\nsubseteqq \sqsupset \Supset \varsubsetneqq
\nsupset \Subset \supseteqq \varsupsetneq
\nsupseteq \subseteqq \supsetneq \varsupsetneqq
\nsupseteqq \subsetneq \supsetneqq
\sqsubset \subsetneqq \supsetplus

61
 Table 121: stix Subset and Superset Relations

\bsolhsub \sqsupseteq \suphsub

\csub \sqsupsetneq \suplarr
\csube \subedot \supmult
\csup \submult \Supset
\csupe \subrarr \supset
\leftarrowsubset \Subset \supsetapprox
\nsqsubset \subset \supsetcirc*
\nsqsubseteq \subsetapprox \supsetdot
\nsqsupset \subsetcirc* \supseteq
\nsqsupseteq \subsetdot \supseteqq
\nsubset \subseteq \supsetneq
\nsubseteq \subseteqq \supsetneqq
\nsubseteqq \subsetneq \supsetplus
\nsupset \subsetneqq \supsim
\nsupseteq \subsetplus \supsub
\nsupseteqq \subsim \supsup
\rightarrowsupset \subsub \varsubsetneq
\sqsubset \subsup \varsubsetneqq
\sqsubseteq \supdsub \varsupsetneq
\sqsubsetneq \supedot \varsupsetneqq
\sqsupset \suphsol

*
Defined as an ordinary character, not as a binary relation.

Table 122: Inequalities

\geq \gg \leq \ll , \neq

Table 123: Inequalities

1 \eqslantgtr m \gtrdot Q \lesseqgtr  \ngeq

0 \eqslantless R \gtreqless S \lesseqqgtr  \ngeqq
= \geqq T \gtreqqless \lessgtr  \ngeqslant
> \geqslant \gtrless . \lesssim \ngtr
\ggg & \gtrsim \lll  \nleq
 \gnapprox
\gvertneqq  \lnapprox  \nleqq
\gneq 5 \leqq  \lneq
\nleqslant
\gneqq 6 \leqslant  \lneqq \nless
 \gnsim / \lessapprox  \lnsim
' \gtrapprox l \lessdot \lvertneqq

62
 Table 124: wasysym Inequalities
? \apprge > \apprle

Table 125: txfonts/pxfonts Inequalities

4 \ngg ! \ngtrsim \nlesssim
# \ngtrapprox " \nlessapprox 3 \nll
& \ngtrless ' \nlessgtr

Table 126: mathabx Inequalities

\eqslantgtr \gtreqless \lesssim \ngtr

\eqslantless \gtreqqless ! \ll \ngtrapprox
\geq \gtrless \lll \ngtrsim
\geqq \gtrsim \lnapprox \nleq
" \gg \gvertneqq \lneq \nleqq
\ggg \leq \lneqq \nless
\gnapprox \leqq \lnsim \nlessapprox
\gneq \lessapprox \lvertneqq \nlesssim
\gneqq \lessdot \neqslantgtr \nvargeq
\gnsim \lesseqgtr \neqslantless \nvarleq
\gtrapprox \lesseqqgtr \ngeq \vargeq
\gtrdot \lessgtr \ngeqq \varleq

mathabx defines \leqslant and \le as synonyms for \leq, \geqslant and \ge
as synonyms for \geq, \nleqslant as a synonym for \nleq, and \ngeqslant
as a synonym for \ngeq.

63
 Table 127: MnSymbol Inequalities
\eqslantgtr \gtreqqless \lesssim \ngtreqless
\eqslantless \gtrless \ll \ngtreqlessslant
\geq \gtrneqqless \lll \ngtreqqless
\geqclosed \gtrsim \lnapprox \ngtrless
u \geqdot \leq \lneqq \nleq
\geqq \leqclosed \lnsim \nleqclosed
\geqslant t \leqdot \neqslantgtr \nleqdot
\geqslantdot \leqq \neqslantless \nleqq
\gg \leqslant \ngeq \nleqslant
\ggg \leqslantdot \ngeqclosed \nleqslantdot
\gnapprox < \less \ngeqdot \nless
\gneqq \lessapprox \ngeqq \nlessclosed
\gnsim \lessclosed \ngeqslant \nlessdot
> \gtr \lessdot \ngeqslantdot \nlesseqgtr
\gtrapprox \lesseqgtr \ngg \nlesseqgtrslant
\gtrclosed N \lesseqgtrslant \nggg \nlesseqqgtr
\gtrdot \lesseqqgtr \ngtr \nlessgtr
\gtreqless \lessgtr \ngtrclosed \nll
O \gtreqlessslant \lessneqqgtr \ngtrdot \nlll

MnSymbol additionally defines synonyms for some of the preceding symbols:

\gggtr (same as \ggg)
\gvertneqq (same as \gneqq)
\lhd (same as \lessclosed)
\llless (same as \lll)
\lvertneqq (same as \lneqq)
\ntrianglelefteq (same as \nleqclosed)
\ntriangleleft (same as \nlessclosed)
\ntrianglerighteq (same as \ngeqclosed)
\ntriangleright (same as \ngtrclosed)
\rhd (same as \gtrclosed)
\trianglelefteq (same as \leqclosed)
\trianglerighteq (same as \geqclosed)
\unlhd (same as \leqclosed)
\unrhd (same as \geqclosed)
\vartriangleleft (same as \lessclosed)
\vartriangleright (same as \gtrclosed)

64
 Table 128: fdsymbol Inequalities

\eqslantgtr \leqslantdot \ngtrapprox

\eqslantless \leqslcc \ngtrcc
\geq < \less \ngtrclosed
\geqclosed \lessapprox \ngtrdot
c \geqdot \lesscc \ngtreqless
\geqq \lessclosed \ngtreqqless
\geqslant \lessdot \ngtreqslantless
\geqslantdot \lesseqgtr \ngtrless
\geqslcc \lesseqqgtr \ngtrsim
\gg \lesseqslantgtr \nleq
\ggg \lessgtr \nleqclosed
\gnapprox \lesssim \nleqdot
\gneq \ll \nleqq
\gneqq \lll \nleqslant
\gnsim \lnapprox \nleqslantdot
> \gtr \lneq \nleqslcc
\gtrapprox \lneqq \nless
\gtrcc \lnsim \nlessapprox
\gtrclosed \neqslantgtr \nlesscc
\gtrdot \neqslantless \nlessclosed
\gtreqless \ngeq \nlessdot
\gtreqqless \ngeqclosed \nlesseqgtr
\gtreqslantless \ngeqdot \nlesseqqgtr
\gtrless \ngeqq \nlesseqslantgtr
\gtrsim \ngeqslant \nlessgtr
\leq \ngeqslantdot \nlesssim
\leqclosed \ngeqslcc \nll
b \leqdot \ngg \nlll
\leqq \nggg
\leqslant \ngtr

fdsymbol defines synonyms for some of the preceding symbols:

\ge \lesdot \ngtcc

\gescc \lesg \ngtreqlessslant
\gesdot \lesseqgtrslant \nlescc
\gesl \lhd \nlesdot
\gggtr \llless \nlesg
\gtcc \ltcc \nlesseqgtrslant
\gtreqlessslant \lvertneqq \nltcc
\gvertneqq \ngescc \rhd

(continued on next page)

65
 (continued from previous page)

\le \ngesdot \unlhd

\lescc \ngesl \unrhd

Table 129: boisik Inequalities

\eqslantgtr \gtcir \lesseqqgtr \ngeq
\eqslantless \gtrapprox \lessgtr \ngeqq
\geqq \gtreqless \lesssim \ngeqslant
\geqslant \gtreqqless \lll \ngtr
\ggg \gtrless \lnapprox \nleq
\glj \gtrsim \lneq \nleqq
\gnapprox \gvertneqq \lneqq \nleqslant
\gneq \leqq \lnsim \nless
\gneqq \leqslant \Lt
\gnsim \lessapprox \ltcir
\Gt \lesseqgtr \lvertneqq

Table 130: stix Inequalities

\egsdot \gtquest \lnsim

\elsdot \gtrapprox \lsime
\eqgtr \gtrarr \lsimg
\eqless \gtrdot \Lt
\eqqgtr \gtreqless \ltcc
\eqqless \gtreqqless \ltcir
\eqqslantgtr \gtrless \ltlarr
\eqqslantless \gtrsim \ltquest
\eqslantgtr \gvertneqq \lvertneqq
\eqslantless \lat \neqslantgtr
\geq \late \neqslantless
\geqq \leftarrowless \ngeq
\geqqslant \leq \ngeqq
\geqslant \leqq \ngeqslant
\gescc \leqqslant \ngg
\gesdot \leqslant \ngtr
\gesdoto \lescc \ngtrless
\gesdotol \lesdot \ngtrsim

(continued on next page)

66
(continued from previous page)

\gesles \lesdoto \nleq

\gg \lesdotor \nleqq
\ggg \lesges \nleqslant
\gggnest \lessapprox \nless
\gla \lessdot \nlessgtr
\glE \lesseqgtr \nlesssim
\glj \lesseqqgtr \nll
\gnapprox \lessgtr \partialmeetcontraction
\gneq \lesssim \rightarrowgtr
\gneqq \lgE \simgE
\gnsim \ll \simgtr
\gsime \lll \simlE
\gsiml \lllnest \simless
\Gt \lnapprox \smt
\gtcc \lneq \smte
\gtcir \lneqq

stix defines \le as a synonym for \leq, \ge as a synonym for \geq, \llless
as a synonym for \lll, \gggtr as a synonym for \ggg, \nle as a synonym for
\nleq, and \nge as a synonym for \ngeq.

Table 131: Triangle Relations

J \blacktriangleleft 7 \ntriangleright D \trianglerighteq
I \blacktriangleright 4 \ntrianglerighteq C \vartriangleleft
6 \ntriangleleft E \trianglelefteq B \vartriangleright
5 \ntrianglelefteq , \triangleq

Table 132: stmaryrd Triangle Relations

P \trianglelefteqslant Q \trianglerighteqslant
R \ntrianglelefteqslant S \ntrianglerighteqslant

Table 133: mathabx Triangle Relations

\ntriangleleft \triangleleft \vartriangleleft
\ntrianglelefteq \trianglelefteq \vartriangleright
\ntriangleright \triangleright
\ntrianglerighteq \trianglerighteq

67
 Table 134: MnSymbol Triangle Relations
\filledmedtriangledown
\filledmedtriangleleft
\filledmedtriangleright
\filledmedtriangleup
\filledtriangledown
\filledtriangleleft
\filledtriangleright
\filledtriangleup
\largetriangledown
\largetriangleleft
\largetriangleright
\largetriangleup \smalltriangledown
\medtriangledown \smalltriangleleft
\medtriangleleft \smalltriangleright
\medtriangleright \smalltriangleup
\medtriangleup \triangleeq
\ntriangleeq \trianglelefteq
\ntriangleleft \trianglerighteq
\ntrianglelefteq \vartriangleleft
\ntriangleright \vartriangleright
\ntrianglerighteq
d \otriangle

MnSymbol additionally defines synonyms for many of the preceding sym-

bols: \triangleq is a synonym for \triangleeq; \lhd and \lessclosed
are synonyms for \vartriangleleft; \rhd and \gtrclosed are syn-
onyms for \vartriangleright; \unlhd and \leqclosed are syn-
onyms for \trianglelefteq; \unrhd and \geqclosed are synonyms
for \trianglerighteq; \blacktriangledown, \blacktriangleleft,
\blacktriangleright, and \blacktriangle [sic] are synonyms for,
respectively, \filledmedtriangledown, \filledmedtriangleleft,
\filledmedtriangleright, and \filledmedtriangleup; \triangleright
is a synonym for \medtriangleright; \triangle, \vartriangle, and
\bigtriangleup are synonyms for \medtriangleup; \triangleleft is a
synonym for \medtriangleleft; \triangledown and \bigtriangledown
are synonyms for \medtriangledown; \nlessclosed is a synonym for
\ntriangleleft; \ngtrclosed is a synonym for \ntriangleright;
\nleqclosed is a synonym for \ntrianglelefteq; and \ngeqclosed is
a synonym for \ntrianglerighteq.

The title Triangle Relations is a bit of a misnomer here as only \triangleeq

and \ntriangleeq are defined as TEX relations (class 3 symbols). The
\largetriangle. . . symbols are defined as TEX ordinary characters (class 0)
and all of the remaining characters are defined as TEX binary operators
(class 2).

68
 Table 135: fdsymbol Triangle Relations

\geqclosed \medtriangledown \smallblacktriangleleft

\gtrclosed \medtriangleleft \smallblacktriangleright
_ \largetriangledown \medtriangleright \smallblacktriangleup
^ \largetriangleup \medtriangleup \smalltriangledown
\leqclosed \ngeqclosed \smalltriangleleft
\lessclosed \ngtrclosed \smalltriangleright
\medblacktriangledown \nleqclosed \smalltriangleup
\medblacktriangleleft \nlessclosed \triangleeq
\medblacktriangleright \ntriangleeq
\medblacktriangleup \smallblacktriangledown

fdsymbol defines synonyms for almost all of the preceding symbols:

_ \bigtriangledown \ntrianglelefteq \triangleq
^ \bigtriangleup \ntriangleright \triangleright
\blacktriangle \ntrianglerighteq \trianglerighteq
\blacktriangledown \triangle \vartriangle
\blacktriangleleft \triangledown \vartriangleleft
\blacktriangleright \triangleleft \vartriangleright
\ntriangleleft \trianglelefteq

The title Triangle Relations is a bit of a misnomer here as only \triangleeq

and \ntriangleeq are defined as TEX relations (class 3 symbols). The
\largetriangle. . . symbols are defined as TEX ordinary characters (class 0)
and all of the remaining characters are defined as TEX binary operators
(class 2).

Table 136: boisik Triangle Relations

\ntriangleleft \trianglelefteq \varlrttriangle
\ntrianglelefteq \trianglelefteqslant \vartriangle
\ntriangleright \triangleright \vartriangleleft
\ntrianglerighteq \trianglerighteq \vartriangleright
\triangleleft \trianglerighteqslant

Table 137: stix Triangle Relations

\lrtriangleeq
\ltrivb
\ntrianglelefteq
\ntrianglerighteq
\nvartriangleleft
\nvartriangleright \vartriangle
\rtriltri \vartriangleleft
\trianglelefteq \vartriangleright
\triangleq \vbrtri
\trianglerighteq

69
 Table 138: Arrows
\Downarrow \longleftarrow \nwarrow
\downarrow = \Longleftarrow \Rightarrow
\hookleftarrow \longleftrightarrow \rightarrow
\hookrightarrow \Longleftrightarrow \searrow
{ \leadsto* \longmapsto \swarrow
\leftarrow = \Longrightarrow \uparrow
\Leftarrow \longrightarrow \Uparrow
\Leftrightarrow \mapsto \updownarrow
\leftrightarrow \nearrow \Updownarrow
*
Not predefined by the LATEX 2 core. Use the latexsym package to expose this
symbol.

See the note beneath Table 240 for information about how to put a diagonal
*0


) .
arrow across a mathematical expression (as in  

Table 139: Harpoons

\leftharpoondown \rightharpoondown
\rightleftharpoons
\leftharpoonup \rightharpoonup

Table 140: textcomp Text-mode Arrows

\textdownarrow \textrightarrow
\textleftarrow \textuparrow

Table 141: Arrows

\circlearrowleft
 \circlearrowright
x \curvearrowleft
y \curvearrowright
c \dashleftarrow
d \dashrightarrow
 \downdownarrows
 \leftarrowtail
\leftleftarrows 
 \leftrightarrows
! \leftrightsquigarrow
W \Lleftarrow
" \looparrowleft
# \looparrowright
 \Lsh
 \rightarrowtail
\rightleftarrows
\rightrightarrows
\rightsquigarrow
 \Rsh
 \twoheadleftarrow
 \twoheadrightarrow
 \upuparrows

Table 142: Negated Arrows

: \nLeftarrow < \nLeftrightarrow ; \nRightarrow
8 \nleftarrow = \nleftrightarrow 9 \nrightarrow

Table 143: Harpoons

 \downharpoonleft  \leftrightharpoons  \upharpoonleft
 \downharpoonright
\rightleftharpoons  \upharpoonright

70
 Table 144: stmaryrd Arrows
^ \leftarrowtriangle \ \Mapsfrom \shortleftarrow
- \leftrightarroweq [ \mapsfrom
\shortrightarrow
] \leftrightarrowtriangle
\Mapsto  \shortuparrow
\lightning 1 \nnearrow % \ssearrow
=\ \Longmapsfrom 0 \nnwarrow $ \sswarrow
[ \longmapsfrom _ \rightarrowtriangle

= \Longmapsto  \shortdownarrow

Table 145: txfonts/pxfonts Arrows

\boxdotLeft \circleddotright \Diamondleft
\boxdotleft \circleleft \Diamondright
\boxdotright \circleright \DiamondRight
\boxdotRight e \dashleftrightarrow f \leftsquigarrow
\boxLeft \DiamonddotLeft t \Nearrow
\boxleft \Diamonddotleft v \Nwarrow
\boxright \Diamonddotright V \Rrightarrow
\boxRight \DiamonddotRight u \Searrow
\circleddotleft \DiamondLeft w \Swarrow

Table 146: mathabx Arrows

\circlearrowleft \leftarrow \nwarrow
\circlearrowright \leftleftarrows \restriction
\curvearrowbotleft \leftrightarrow \rightarrow
\curvearrowbotleftright \leftrightarrows \rightleftarrows
\curvearrowbotright \leftrightsquigarrow \rightrightarrows
\curvearrowleft \leftsquigarrow \rightsquigarrow
\curvearrowleftright \lefttorightarrow \righttoleftarrow
\curvearrowright \looparrowdownleft \Rsh
\dlsh \looparrowdownright \searrow
\downdownarrows \looparrowleft \swarrow
\downtouparrow \looparrowright \updownarrows
\downuparrows \Lsh \uptodownarrow
\drsh \nearrow \upuparrows

Table 147: mathabx Negated Arrows

\nLeftarrow \nleftrightarrow \nrightarrow
\nleftarrow \nLeftrightarrow \nRightarrow

71
 Table 148: mathabx Harpoons
\barleftharpoon \leftharpoonup \rightleftharpoons
\barrightharpoon \leftleftharpoons \rightrightharpoons
\downdownharpoons \leftrightharpoon \updownharpoons
\downharpoonleft \leftrightharpoons \upharpoonleft
\downharpoonright \rightbarharpoon \upharpoonright
\downupharpoons \rightharpoondown \upupharpoons
\leftbarharpoon \rightharpoonup
\leftharpoondown \rightleftharpoon

Table 149: MnSymbol Arrows

\curvearrowdownup \longleftarrow \rhookswarrow

\curvearrowleftright \Longleftarrow 9 \rhookuparrow
\curvearrownesw \longleftrightarrow \rightarrow
\curvearrownwse \Longleftrightarrow \Rightarrow
\curvearrowrightleft z \longmapsto \rightarrowtail
\curvearrowsenw \longrightarrow \rightleftarrows
\curvearrowswne \Longrightarrow \rightlsquigarrow
\curvearrowupdown \looparrowleft \rightmapsto
\dasheddownarrow \looparrowright \rightrightarrows
\dashedleftarrow \Lsh \rightrsquigarrow
d \dashednearrow \nearrow \Rrightarrow
e \dashednwarrow \Nearrow \Rsh
\dashedrightarrow $ \nearrowtail \searrow
g \dashedsearrow \nelsquigarrow \Searrow
f \dashedswarrow , \nemapsto ' \searrowtail
\dasheduparrow \nenearrows \selsquigarrow
\Downarrow \nersquigarrow / \semapsto
\downarrow \neswarrow \senwarrows
# \downarrowtail  \Neswarrow \sersquigarrow
\downdownarrows \neswarrows \sesearrows
\downlsquigarrow \nwarrow \squigarrowdownup
\downmapsto \Nwarrow \squigarrowleftright
\downrsquigarrow % \nwarrowtail \squigarrownesw
\downuparrows \nwlsquigarrow \squigarrownwse
\lcirclearrowdown - \nwmapsto \squigarrowrightleft
\lcirclearrowleft \nwnwarrows \squigarrowsenw
\lcirclearrowright \nwrsquigarrow \squigarrowswne
\lcirclearrowup \nwsearrow \squigarrowupdown
\lcurvearrowdown  \Nwsearrow \swarrow
\lcurvearrowleft \nwsearrows \Swarrow
\lcurvearrowne \partialvardlcircleleftint* & \swarrowtail
\lcurvearrownw \partialvardlcirclerightint* \swlsquigarrow
\lcurvearrowright \partialvardrcircleleftint* . \swmapsto
\lcurvearrowse \partialvardrcirclerightint* \swnearrows
\lcurvearrowsw \partialvartlcircleleftint* \swrsquigarrow
\lcurvearrowup \partialvartlcirclerightint* \swswarrows
\Leftarrow \partialvartrcircleleftint* \twoheaddownarrow

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\leftarrow \partialvartrcirclerightint* \twoheadleftarrow

\leftarrowtail \rcirclearrowdown  \twoheadnearrow
\leftleftarrows \rcirclearrowleft  \twoheadnwarrow
\leftlsquigarrow \rcirclearrowright \twoheadrightarrow
\leftmapsto \rcirclearrowup  \twoheadsearrow
\leftrightarrow \rcurvearrowdown  \twoheadswarrow
\Leftrightarrow \rcurvearrowleft \twoheaduparrow
\leftrightarrows \rcurvearrowne \uparrow
\leftrsquigarrow \rcurvearrownw \Uparrow
3 \lhookdownarrow \rcurvearrowright ! \uparrowtail
2 \lhookleftarrow \rcurvearrowse \updownarrow
4 \lhooknearrow \rcurvearrowsw \Updownarrow
\lhooknwarrow \rcurvearrowup \updownarrows
\lhookrightarrow ; \rhookdownarrow \uplsquigarrow
\lhooksearrow \rhookleftarrow \upmapsto
6 \lhookswarrow \rhooknearrow \uprsquigarrow
1 \lhookuparrow = \rhooknwarrow \upuparrows
\lightning 8 \rhookrightarrow
\Lleftarrow ? \rhooksearrow

MnSymbol additionally defines synonyms for some of the preceding symbols:

\circlearrowleft (same as \rcirclearrowup)

\circlearrowright (same as \lcirclearrowup)
\curvearrowleft (same as \rcurvearrowleft)
\curvearrowright (same as \lcurvearrowright)
\dashleftarrow (same as \dashedleftarrow)
\dashrightarrow (same as \dashedrightarrow)
\hookleftarrow (same as \rhookleftarrow)
\hookrightarrow (same as \lhookrightarrow)
\leadsto (same as \rightlsquigarrow)
\leftrightsquigarrow (same as \squigarrowleftright)
\mapsto (same as \rightmapsto)
\rightsquigarrow (same as \rightlsquigarrow)
*
The \partialvar. . . int macros are intended to be used internally by MnSym-
bol to produce various types of integrals.

Table 150: MnSymbol Negated Arrows

\ncurvearrowdownup \nlhooknwarrow \nrightleftarrows

\ncurvearrowleftright \nlhookrightarrow \nrightlsquigarrow
\ncurvearrownesw \nlhooksearrow \nrightmapsto
\ncurvearrownwse \nlhookswarrow \nrightrightarrows
\ncurvearrowrightleft \nlhookuparrow \nrightrsquigarrow
\ncurvearrowsenw \nLleftarrow \nRrightarrow
\ncurvearrowswne \nnearrow \nSearrow
\ncurvearrowupdown \nNearrow \nsearrow

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\ndasheddownarrow
\ndashedleftarrow
\ndashednearrow
\ndashednwarrow
\ndashedrightarrow
\ndashedsearrow
\ndashedswarrow
\ndasheduparrow
\ndownarrow
\nDownarrow
\ndownarrowtail
\ndowndownarrows
\ndownlsquigarrow
\ndownmapsto
\ndownrsquigarrow
\ndownuparrows
\nlcirclearrowdown
\nlcirclearrowleft
\nlcirclearrowright
\nlcirclearrowup
\nlcurvearrowdown
\nlcurvearrowleft
\nlcurvearrowne
\nlcurvearrownw
\nlcurvearrowright
\nlcurvearrowse
\nlcurvearrowsw
\nlcurvearrowup
\nLeftarrow
\nleftarrow
\nleftarrowtail
\nleftleftarrows
\nleftlsquigarrow
\nleftmapsto
\nleftrightarrow
\nLeftrightarrow
\nleftrightarrows
\nleftrsquigarrow
\nlhookdownarrow
\nlhookleftarrow
\nlhooknearrow
MnSymbol additionally defines synonyms for some of the preceding symbols:
\nnearrowtail \nsearrowtail
\nnelsquigarrow \nselsquigarrow
\nnemapsto \nsemapsto
\nnenearrows \nsenwarrows
\nnersquigarrow \nsersquigarrow
\nNeswarrow \nsesearrows
\nneswarrow \nsquigarrowdownup
\nneswarrows \nsquigarrowleftright
\nNwarrow \nsquigarrownesw
\nnwarrow \nsquigarrownwse
\nnwarrowtail \nsquigarrowrightleft
\nnwlsquigarrow \nsquigarrowsenw
\nnwmapsto \nsquigarrowswne
\nnwnwarrows \nsquigarrowupdown
\nnwrsquigarrow \nswarrow
\nnwsearrow \nSwarrow
\nNwsearrow \nswarrowtail
\nnwsearrows \nswlsquigarrow
\nrcirclearrowdown \nswmapsto
\nrcirclearrowleft \nswnearrows
\nrcirclearrowright \nswrsquigarrow
\nrcirclearrowup \nswswarrows
\nrcurvearrowdown \ntwoheaddownarrow
\nrcurvearrowleft \ntwoheadleftarrow
\nrcurvearrowne \ntwoheadnearrow
\nrcurvearrownw \ntwoheadnwarrow
\nrcurvearrowright \ntwoheadrightarrow
\nrcurvearrowse \ntwoheadsearrow
\nrcurvearrowsw \ntwoheadswarrow
\nrcurvearrowup \ntwoheaduparrow
\nrhookdownarrow \nuparrow
\nrhookleftarrow \nUparrow
\nrhooknearrow \nuparrowtail
\nrhooknwarrow \nupdownarrow
\nrhookrightarrow \nUpdownarrow
\nrhooksearrow \nupdownarrows
\nrhookswarrow \nuplsquigarrow
\nrhookuparrow \nupmapsto
\nrightarrow \nuprsquigarrow
\nRightarrow \nupuparrows
\nrightarrowtail
74
 \ncirclearrowleft (same as \nrcirclearrowup)
\ncirclearrowright (same as \nlcirclearrowup)
\ncurvearrowleft (same as \nrcurvearrowleft)
\ncurvearrowright (same as \nlcurvearrowright)
\ndasharrow (same as \ndashedrightarrow)
\ndashleftarrow (same as \ndashedleftarrow)
\ndashrightarrow (same as \ndashedrightarrow)
\ngets (same as \nleftarrow)
\nhookleftarrow (same as \nrhookleftarrow)
\nhookrightarrow (same as \nlhookrightarrow)
\nleadsto (same as \nrightlsquigarrow)
\nleftrightsquigarrow (same as \nsquigarrowleftright)
\nmapsto (same as \nrightmapsto)
\nrightsquigarrow (same as \nrightlsquigarrow)
\nto (same as \nrightarrow)

Table 151: MnSymbol Harpoons

\downharpoonccw *
Z \neswharpoons O \seharpooncw
\downharpooncw* V \neswharpoonsenw [ \senwharpoons
\downupharpoons E \nwharpoonccw F \swharpoonccw
\leftharpoonccw* M \nwharpooncw N \swharpooncw
\leftharpooncw* S \nwseharpoonnesw ^ \swneharpoons
\leftrightharpoondownup _ \nwseharpoons Q \updownharpoonleftright
\leftrightharpoons W \nwseharpoonswne U \updownharpoonrightleft
\leftrightharpoonupdown \rightharpoonccw* \updownharpoons
D \neharpoonccw \rightharpooncw* \upharpoonccw*
L \neharpooncw \rightleftharpoons \upharpooncw*
R \neswharpoonnwse G \seharpoonccw
*
Where marked, the ccw suffix can be replaced with up and the cw suffix
can be replaced with down. (In addition, \upharpooncw can be written as
\restriction.)

Table 152: MnSymbol Negated Harpoons

\ndownharpoonccw* \nneswharpoons \nseharpooncw

\ndownharpooncw* \nneswharpoonsenw \nsenwharpoons
\ndownupharpoons \nnwharpoonccw \nswharpoonccw
\nleftharpoonccw* \nnwharpooncw \nswharpooncw
\nleftharpooncw* \nnwseharpoonnesw \nswneharpoons
\nleftrightharpoondownup \nnwseharpoons \nupdownharpoonleftright
\nleftrightharpoons \nnwseharpoonswne \nupdownharpoonrightleft
\nleftrightharpoonupdown \nrightharpoonccw* \nupdownharpoons
\nneharpoonccw \nrightharpooncw* \nupharpoonccw*
\nneharpooncw \nrightleftharpoons \nupharpooncw*
\nneswharpoonnwse \nseharpoonccw
*
Where marked, the ccw suffix can be replaced with up and the cw suffix
can be replaced with down. (In addition, \nupharpooncw can be written as
\nrestriction.)

75
 Table 153: fdsymbol Arrows

\acwcirclearrowdown \leftarrow \rightrightarrows

\acwcirclearrowleft \leftarrowtail \rightwavearrow
\acwcirclearrowright \leftbkarrow \Rrightarrow
\acwcirclearrowup \leftleftarrows \Rsh
\acwleftarcarrow \leftmapsto \searrow
\acwnearcarrow \Leftmapsto \Searrow
\acwnwarcarrow \Leftrightarrow ' \searrowtail
\acwoverarcarrow \leftrightarrow g \sebkarrow
\acwrightarcarrow \leftrightarrows \senwarrows
\acwsearcarrow \leftrightwavearrow  \sesearrows
\acwswarcarrow \leftwavearrow \Swarrow
\acwunderarcarrow \lightning \swarrow
\bdleftarcarrow \Lleftarrow & \swarrowtail
\bdnearcarrow \Longleftarrow f \swbkarrow
\bdnwarcarrow \longleftarrow \swnearrows
\bdoverarcarrow \longleftrightarrow ~ \swswarrows
\bdrightarcarrow \Longleftrightarrow \twoheaddownarrow
\bdsearcarrow \longleftwavearrow \twoheadleftarrow
\bdswarcarrow \Longmapsfrom  \twoheadnearrow
\bdunderarcarrow \longmapsfrom  \twoheadnwarrow
\cwcirclearrowdown \Longmapsto \twoheadrightarrow
\cwcirclearrowleft \longmapsto  \twoheadsearrow
\cwcirclearrowright \longrightarrow  \twoheadswarrow
\cwcirclearrowup \Longrightarrow \twoheaduparrow
\cwleftarcarrow \longrightwavearrow \uparrow
\cwnearcarrow \looparrowleft \Uparrow
\cwnwarcarrow \looparrowright ! \uparrowtail
\cwoverarcarrow \Lsh \upbkarrow
\cwrightarcarrow \nearrow \Updownarrow
\cwsearcarrow \Nearrow \updownarrow
\cwswarcarrow $ \nearrowtail \updownarrows
\cwunderarcarrow d \nebkarrow \updownwavearrow
\Ddownarrow | \nenearrows \upmapsto
\Downarrow  \Neswarrow - \Upmapsto
\downarrow \neswarrow \upuparrows
# \downarrowtail \neswarrows \upwavearrow
\downbkarrow \Nwarrow \Uuparrow
\downdownarrows \nwarrow \vardownwavearrow
/ \Downmapsto % \nwarrowtail 3 \varhookdownarrow
\downmapsto e \nwbkarrow \varhookleftarrow
\downuparrows } \nwnwarrows \varhooknearrow
\downwavearrow  \Nwsearrow \varhooknwarrow
; \hookdownarrow \nwsearrow \varhookrightarrow
\hookleftarrow \nwsearrows \varhooksearrow
\hooknearrow \Rdsh \varhookswarrow
\hooknwarrow \Rightarrow 9 \varhookuparrow
\hookrightarrow \rightarrow \varleftrightwavearrow
\hooksearrow \rightarrowtail \varleftwavearrow
\hookswarrow \rightbkarrow \varrightwavearrow
1 \hookuparrow \rightleftarrows \varupdownwavearrow
\Ldsh \Rightmapsto \varupwavearrow

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\Leftarrow \rightmapsto

fdsymbol defines synonyms for most of the preceding symbols:

\acwgapcirclearrow \leftrightsquigarrow \rhooknwarrow

\acwopencirclearrow \leftrsquigarrow \rhookrightarrow
\circlearrowleft \leftsquigarrow \rhooksearrow
\circlearrowright \leftupcurvedarrow \rhookswarrow
\curvearrowleft 3 \lhookdownarrow 9 \rhookuparrow
\curvearrowright \lhookleftarrow \rightcurvedarrow
\cwgapcirclearrow \lhooknearrow \rightdowncurvedarrow
\cwopencirclearrow \lhooknwarrow \rightlcurvearrow
\dasharrow \lhookrightarrow \rightleftcurvearrow
\dashleftarrow \lhooksearrow \rightleftsquigarrow
\dashrightarrow \lhookswarrow \rightlsquigarrow
\downlcurvearrow 1 \lhookuparrow \rightrcurvearrow
\downleftcurvedarrow \longleadsto \rightrsquigarrow
\downlsquigarrow \longleftsquigarrow \rightsquigarrow
\downrcurvearrow \longrightsquigarrow \rightupcurvedarrow
\downrightcurvedarrow \mapsdown \selcurvearrow
\downrsquigarrow / \Mapsdown \senwcurvearrow
\downupcurvearrow \mapsfrom \sercurvearrow
\downupsquigarrow \Mapsfrom \swlcurvearrow
\downzigzagarrow \mapsto \swnecurvearrow
\gets \Mapsto \swrcurvearrow
\hknearrow \mapsup \to
\hknwarrow - \Mapsup \updowncurvearrow
\hksearrow \nelcurvearrow \updownsquigarrow
\hkswarrow \nercurvearrow \uplcurvearrow
\leadsto \neswcurvearrow \upleftcurvedarrow
\leftcurvedarrow \nwlcurvearrow \uplsquigarrow
\leftdowncurvedarrow \nwrcurvearrow \uprcurvearrow
\leftlcurvearrow \nwsecurvearrow \uprightcurvearrow
\leftlsquigarrow ; \rhookdownarrow \uprsquigarrow
\leftrcurvearrow \rhookleftarrow
\leftrightcurvearrow \rhooknearrow

Table 154: fdsymbol Negated Arrows

\nacwcirclearrowdown \nleftarrow \nRrightarrow

\nacwcirclearrowleft \nLeftarrow \nsearrow
\nacwcirclearrowright \nleftarrowtail \nSearrow
\nacwcirclearrowup \nleftbkarrow \nsearrowtail
\nacwleftarcarrow \nleftleftarrows \nsebkarrow
\nacwnearcarrow \nleftmapsto \nsenwarrows
\nacwnwarcarrow \nLeftmapsto \nsesearrows
\nacwoverarcarrow \nleftrightarrow \nswarrow

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\nacwrightarcarrow \nLeftrightarrow \nSwarrow

\nacwsearcarrow \nleftrightarrows \nswarrowtail
\nacwswarcarrow \nleftrightwavearrow \nswbkarrow
\nacwunderarcarrow \nleftwavearrow \nswnearrows
\nbdleftarcarrow \nLleftarrow \nswswarrows
\nbdnearcarrow \nlongleftarrow \ntwoheaddownarrow
\nbdnwarcarrow \nLongleftarrow \ntwoheadleftarrow
\nbdoverarcarrow \nlongleftrightarrow \ntwoheadnearrow
\nbdrightarcarrow \nLongleftrightarrow \ntwoheadnwarrow
\nbdsearcarrow \nlongleftwavearrow \ntwoheadrightarrow
\nbdswarcarrow \nlongmapsfrom \ntwoheadsearrow
\nbdunderarcarrow \nLongmapsfrom \ntwoheadswarrow
\ncwcirclearrowdown \nlongmapsto \ntwoheaduparrow
\ncwcirclearrowleft \nLongmapsto \nuparrow
\ncwcirclearrowright \nlongrightarrow \nUparrow
\ncwcirclearrowup \nLongrightarrow \nuparrowtail
\ncwleftarcarrow \nlongrightwavearrow \nupbkarrow
\ncwnearcarrow \nnearrow \nupdownarrow
\ncwnwarcarrow \nNearrow \nUpdownarrow
\ncwoverarcarrow \nnearrowtail \nupdownarrows
\ncwrightarcarrow \nnebkarrow \nupdownwavearrow
\ncwsearcarrow \nnenearrows \nupmapsto
\ncwswarcarrow \nneswarrow \nUpmapsto
\ncwunderarcarrow \nNeswarrow \nupuparrows
\nDdownarrow \nneswarrows \nupwavearrow
\ndownarrow \nnwarrow \nUuparrow
\nDownarrow \nNwarrow \nvardownwavearrow
\ndownarrowtail \nnwarrowtail \nvarhookdownarrow
\ndownbkarrow \nnwbkarrow \nvarhookleftarrow
\ndowndownarrows \nnwnwarrows \nvarhooknearrow
\ndownmapsto \nnwsearrow \nvarhooknwarrow
\nDownmapsto \nNwsearrow \nvarhookrightarrow
\ndownuparrows \nnwsearrows \nvarhooksearrow
\ndownwavearrow \nrightarrow \nvarhookswarrow
\nhookdownarrow \nRightarrow \nvarhookuparrow
\nhookleftarrow \nrightarrowtail \nvarleftrightwavearrow
\nhooknearrow \nrightbkarrow \nvarleftwavearrow
\nhooknwarrow \nrightleftarrows \nvarrightwavearrow
\nhookrightarrow \nrightmapsto \nvarupdownwavearrow
\nhooksearrow \nRightmapsto \nvarupwavearrow
\nhookswarrow \nrightrightarrows
\nhookuparrow \nrightwavearrow

fdsymbol defines synonyms for most of the preceding symbols:

\nacwgapcirclearrow \nleftdowncurvedarrow \nrightcurvedarrow

\nacwopencirclearrow
\ncirclearrowleft
\ncirclearrowright
\ncurvearrowleft
\ncurvearrowright
\ncwgapcirclearrow
\ncwopencirclearrow
\nleftlcurvearrow
\nleftlsquigarrow
\nleftrcurvearrow
\nleftrightcurvearrow
\nleftrightsquigarrow
\nleftrsquigarrow
\nleftsquigarrow
\nrightdowncurvedarrow
\nrightlcurvearrow
\nrightleftcurvearrow
\nrightleftsquigarrow
\nrightlsquigarrow
\nrightrcurvearrow
\nrightrsquigarrow

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\ndasharrow \nleftupcurvedarrow \nrightsquigarrow

\ndashleftarrow \nlongleadsto \nrightupcurvedarrow
\ndashrightarrow \nlongleftsquigarrow \nselcurvearrow
\ndownlcurvearrow \nlongrightsquigarrow \nsenwcurvearrow
\ndownleftcurvedarrow \nmapsdown \nsercurvearrow
\ndownlsquigarrow \nMapsdown \nswlcurvearrow
\ndownrcurvearrow \nmapsfrom \nswnecurvearrow
\ndownrightcurvedarrow \nMapsfrom \nswrcurvearrow
\ndownrsquigarrow \nmapsto \nto
\ndownupcurvearrow \nMapsto \nupdowncurvearrow
\ndownupsquigarrow \nmapsup \nupdownsquigarrow
\ngets \nMapsup \nuplcurvearrow
\nhknearrow \nnelcurvearrow \nupleftcurvedarrow
\nhknwarrow \nnercurvearrow \nuplsquigarrow
\nhksearrow \nneswcurvearrow \nuprcurvearrow
\nhkswarrow \nnwlcurvearrow \nuprightcurvearrow
\nleadsto \nnwrcurvearrow \nuprsquigarrow
\nleftcurvedarrow \nnwsecurvearrow

Table 155: fdsymbol Harpoons

\downharpoonleft Z \neswharpoons O \seharpoonsw
\downharpoonright V \neswharpoonsenw [ \senwharpoons
\downupharpoons M \nwharpoonne N \swharpoonnw
\leftharpoondown E \nwharpoonsw F \swharpoonse
\leftharpoonup S \nwseharpoonnesw ^ \swneharpoons
\leftrightharpoondownup _ \nwseharpoons \updownharpoonleftright
\leftrightharpoons W \nwseharpoonswne \updownharpoonrightleft
\leftrightharpoonupdown \rightharpoondown \updownharpoons
D \neharpoonnw \rightharpoonup \upharpoonleft
L \neharpoonse \rightleftharpoons \upharpoonright
R \neswharpoonnwse G \seharpoonne

fdsymbol defines \restriction as a synonym for \upharpoonright,

\updownharpoonsleftright as a synonym for \updownharpoons, and
\downupharpoonsleftright as a synonym for \downupharpoons.

79
 Table 156: fdsymbol Negated Harpoons

\ndownharpoonleft \nneswharpoons \nseharpoonsw

\ndownharpoonright
\ndownupharpoons
\nleftharpoondown
\nleftharpoonup
\nleftrightharpoondownup
\nleftrightharpoons
\nleftrightharpoonupdown
\nneharpoonnw
\nneharpoonse
\nneswharpoonnwse
\nneswharpoonsenw \nsenwharpoons
\nnwharpoonne \nswharpoonnw
\nnwharpoonsw \nswharpoonse
\nnwseharpoonnesw \nswneharpoons
\nnwseharpoons \nupdownharpoonleftright
\nnwseharpoonswne \nupdownharpoonrightleft
\nrightharpoondown \nupdownharpoons
\nrightharpoonup \nupharpoonleft
\nrightleftharpoons \nupharpoonright
\nseharpoonne

fdsymbol defines \nrestriction as a synonym for \nupharpoonright,

\ndownupharpoonsleftright as a synonym for \ndownupharpoons, and
\nupdownharpoonsleftright as a synonym for \nupdownharpoons.

Table 157: boisik Arrows

 \barleftarrow \Lsh
 \barleftarrowrightarrowbar  \mapsdown

\barovernorthwestarrow \Mapsfrom
 \carriagereturn  \mapsfrom
\circlearrowleft \Mapsto
\circlearrowright  \mapsto
\cupleftarrow  \mapsup
\curlyveedownarrow  \Nearrow
\curlyveeuparrow
\curlywedgedownarrow
\curlywedgeuparrow
\curvearrowbotleft
\curvearrowbotleftright
\curvearrowbotright
\curvearrowleft
\rightarrowcircle
\curvearrowleftright
\curvearrowright
\dlsh
0 \downblackarrow
# \downdasharrow
\downdownarrows
\downtouparrow
% \downwhitearrow
 \downzigzagarrow
\drsh
\eqleftrightarrow
 \hookleftarrow
\hookrightarrow
\leftarrowtail
\leftarrowTriangle
 \nearrowcorner
\nnearrow
\nnwarrow
 \Nwarrow
 \nwarrowcorner
 \rightarrowbar
\rightarrowtail
\rightarrowTriangle
\rightarrowtriangle
. \rightblackarrow
! \rightdasharrow
\rightleftarrows
\rightrightarrows
 \rightsquigarrow
 \rightthreearrows
\righttoleftarrow
\rightwhitearrow
\rightwhiteroundarrow
\Rrightarrow
\Rsh
 \Searrow
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\leftarrowtriangle
- \leftblackarrow
\leftdasharrow
\leftleftarrows
\leftrightarroweq
\leftrightarrows
\leftrightarrowTriangle
\leftrightarrowtriangle
1 \leftrightblackarrow
 \leftrightsquigarrow
 \leftsquigarrow
\lefttorightarrow
\leftwhitearrow
\leftwhiteroundarrow
 \leftzigzagarrow
 \linefeed
\Lleftarrow
\looparrowdownleft
\looparrowdownright
\looparrowleft
\looparrowright
\ssearrow
\sswarrow
 \Swarrow

\twoheaddownarrow
\twoheadleftarrow
\twoheadrightarrow
\twoheaduparrow
* \twoheadwhiteuparrow
+ \twoheadwhiteuparrowpedestal
/ \upblackarrow
" \updasharrow
 \updownarrowbar
2 \updownblackarrow
, \updownwhitearrow
\uptodownarrow
\upuparrows
$ \upwhitearrow
& \whitearrowupfrombar
' \whitearrowuppedestal
( \whitearrowuppedestalhbar
) \whitearrowuppedestalvbar

Many of these symbols are defined only if the arrows package option is specified.

Table 158: boisik Negated Arrows

 \nHdownarrow \nLeftrightarroW \nRightarrow
 \nHuparrow \nleftrightarrow  \nVleftarrow
\nLeftarrow \nLeftrightarrow  \nVrightarrow
\nleftarrow \nrightarrow

Many of these symbols are defined only if the arrows package option is specified.

Table 159: boisik Harpoons

\downharpoonleft \leftrightharpoons \upharpoonleft
\downharpoonright \rightharpoondown \upharpoonright
\leftharpoondown \rightharpoonup
\leftharpoonup \rightleftharpoons

81
 Table 160: stix Arrows

\acwcirclearrow \longmapsto
\acwgapcirclearrow \Longmapsto
\acwleftarcarrow \longrightarrow
\acwoverarcarrow \Longrightarrow
\acwunderarcarrow \longrightsquigarrow
\barleftarrow \looparrowleft
\barleftarrowrightarrowbar* \looparrowright
\barrightarrowdiamond \Lsh
\baruparrow \mapsdown
\bsimilarleftarrow \Mapsfrom
\bsimilarrightarrow \mapsfrom
\carriagereturn* \mapsto
\ccwundercurvearrow \Mapsto
\circlearrowleft \mapsup
\circlearrowright \Nearrow
\circleonleftarrow \nearrow
\circleonrightarrow \neovnwarrow*
\curvearrowleft \neovsearrow*
\curvearrowleftplus \neswarrow
\curvearrowright \nwarrow
\curvearrowrightminus \Nwarrow
\cwcirclearrow \nwovnearrow*
\cwgapcirclearrow \nwsearrow
\cwrightarcarrow \rdiagovsearrow*
\cwundercurvearrow \Rdsh
\dbkarow \Rightarrow
\DDownarrow \rightarrow
\Ddownarrow \rightarrowapprox
\diamondleftarrow \rightarrowbackapprox
\diamondleftarrowbar \rightarrowbar
\downarrow \rightarrowbsimilar
\Downarrow \rightarrowdiamond
\downarrowbar \rightarrowonoplus
\downarrowbarred \rightarrowplus
\downdasharrow* \rightarrowshortleftarrow
\downdownarrows \rightarrowsimilar
\downrightcurvedarrow* \rightarrowtail
\downuparrows \rightarrowtriangle
\downwhitearrow* \rightarrowx
\downzigzagarrow \rightbkarrow
\draftingarrow* \rightcurvedarrow
\drbkarow \rightdasharrow*
\equalleftarrow \rightdotarrow
\equalrightarrow \rightdowncurvedarrow
\fdiagovnearrow* \rightleftarrows
\hknearrow \rightrightarrows
\hknwarrow \rightsquigarrow
\hksearow \rightthreearrows
\hkswarow \rightwavearrow
\hookleftarrow \rightwhitearrow*
\hookrightarrow \RRightarrow
\Ldsh \Rrightarrow

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\leftarrow \Rsh
\Leftarrow \searrow
\leftarrowapprox \Searrow
\leftarrowbackapprox \seovnearrow*
\leftarrowbsimilar \shortrightarrowleftarrow
\leftarrowonoplus \similarleftarrow
\leftarrowplus \similarrightarrow
\leftarrowshortrightarrow \swarrow
\leftarrowsimilar \Swarrow
\leftarrowtail \toea
\leftarrowtriangle \tona
\leftarrowx \tosa
\leftbkarrow \towa
\leftcurvedarrow \twoheaddownarrow
\leftdasharrow* \twoheadleftarrow
\leftdbkarrow \twoheadleftarrowtail
\leftdotarrow \twoheadleftdbkarrow
\leftdowncurvedarrow \twoheadmapsfrom
\leftleftarrows \twoheadmapsto
\Leftrightarrow \twoheadrightarrow
\leftrightarrow \twoheadrightarrowtail
\leftrightarrowcircle \twoheaduparrow
\leftrightarrows \twoheaduparrowcircle
\leftrightarrowtriangle \uparrow
\leftrightsquigarrow \Uparrow
\leftsquigarrow \uparrowbarred
\leftthreearrows \updasharrow*
\leftwavearrow \Updownarrow
\leftwhitearrow* \updownarrow
\linefeed* \updownarrowbar*
\LLeftarrow \updownarrows
\Lleftarrow \uprightcurvearrow*
\longleftarrow \upuparrows
\Longleftarrow \upwhitearrow*
\Longleftrightarrow \UUparrow
\longleftrightarrow \Uuparrow
\longleftsquigarrow \varcarriagereturn*
\Longmapsfrom \whitearrowupfrombar*
\longmapsfrom

*
Defined as an ordinary character, not as a binary relation.

stix defines \acwopencirclearrow as a synonym for \circlearrowleft,

\cwopencirclearrow as a synonym for \circlearrowright, \leadsto as
a synonym for \rightsquigarrow, \dashleftarrow as a synonym for
\leftdbkarrow, and \dashrightarrow and \dasharrow as synonyms for
\dbkarow.

83
 Table 161: stix Negated Arrows
\nHdownarrow* \nvLeftrightarrow
\nHuparrow* \nVrightarrow
\nleftarrow \nvRightarrow
\nLeftarrow \nvrightarrow
\nleftrightarrow \nVrightarrowtail
\nLeftrightarrow \nvrightarrowtail
\nRightarrow \nvtwoheadleftarrow
\nrightarrow \nVtwoheadleftarrow
\nvleftarrow \nvtwoheadleftarrowtail
\nvLeftarrow \nVtwoheadleftarrowtail
\nVleftarrow \nVtwoheadrightarrow
\nVleftarrowtail \nvtwoheadrightarrow
\nvleftarrowtail \nvtwoheadrightarrowtail
\nvleftrightarrow \nVtwoheadrightarrowtail
\nVleftrightarrow
*
Defined as an ordinary character, not as a binary relation.

stix defines \ngets as a synonym for \nleftarrow.

Table 162: stix Harpoons

\bardownharpoonleft
\bardownharpoonright
\barleftharpoondown
\barleftharpoonup
\barrightharpoondown
\barrightharpoonup
\barupharpoonleft
\barupharpoonright
\dashleftharpoondown
\dashrightharpoondown
\downharpoonleft
\downharpoonleftbar
\downharpoonright
\downharpoonrightbar
\downharpoonsleftright
\downupharpoonsleftright
\leftharpoondown
\leftharpoondownbar
\leftharpoonsupdown
\leftharpoonup
\leftharpoonupbar
\leftharpoonupdash
\leftrightharpoondowndown
\leftrightharpoondownup
\leftrightharpoons
\leftrightharpoonsdown
\leftrightharpoonsup
\leftrightharpoonupdown
\leftrightharpoonupup
\rightharpoondown
\rightharpoondownbar
\rightharpoonsupdown
\rightharpoonup
\rightharpoonupbar
\rightharpoonupdash
\rightleftharpoons
\rightleftharpoonsdown
\rightleftharpoonsup
\updownharpoonleftleft
\updownharpoonleftright
\updownharpoonrightleft
\updownharpoonrightright
\updownharpoonsleftright
\upharpoonleft
\upharpoonleftbar
\upharpoonright*
\upharpoonrightbar
\upharpoonsleftright

*
stix defines \restriction as a synonym for \upharpoonright.

84
 Table 163: harpoon Extensible Harpoons

\overleftharp{abc}

\overrightharpdown{abc} \underrightharp{abc}

\overleftharpdown{abc} \underleftharp{abc} \underrightharpdown{abc}

\overrightharp{abc} \underleftharpdown{abc}

All of the harpoon symbols are implemented using the graphics package (specif-
ically, graphicss \resizebox command). Consequently, only TEX backends
that support graphical transformations (e.g., not Xdvi) can properly display
these symbols.

Table 164: chemarrow Arrows

A \chemarrow

Table 165: fge Arrows

! \fgerightarrow " \fgeuparrow

Table 166: old-arrows Arrows

\downarrow \longleftrightarrow \nwarrow
\hookleftarrow [ \longmapsfrom* \rightarrow
\hookrightarrow \longmapsto \searrow
\leftarrow \longrightarrow \swarrow
\leftrightarrow [ \mapsfrom* \uparrow
\longhookrightarrow \mapsto \updownarrow
\longleftarrow \nearrow

The arrows provided by old-arrows represent Donald Knuths pre-1992 Com-

puter Modern glyphs, which feature smaller arrowheads. Contrast the follow-
ing:

default
vs.
old-arrows

In addition to the arrows shown above, old-arrows also reduces the arrowhead
size for s \overleftarrow, \overrightarrow, \overleftrightarrow,
\underleftarrow, \underrightarrow, \underleftrightarrow,
\xleftarrow, \xrightarrow, \varinjlim, and \varprojlim symbols
(Table 240 on page 104, Table 256 on page 107, and Table 182 on page 89)
and mathtoolss \xleftrightarrow, \xhookleftarrow, \xhookrightarrow,
and \xmapsto symbols (Table 257 on page 108).

With the new package option, old-arrows prefixes all of the above with var
(i.e., \vardownarrow, \varhookleftarrow, etc.) so both old and new glyphs
can be used in the same document. See the old-arrows documentation for more
information.
*
Requires stmaryrd.

85
 Table 167: old-arrows Harpoons
\longleftharpoondown \longrightharpoondown
\longleftharpoonup \longrightharpoonup

Unlike the symbols shown in Table 166 on the previous page, the new package
option does not define a \var. . . version of the symbols in this table. Also
unlike the symbols shown in Table 166, the harpoon arrowheads in this table
are not reduced in size (i.e., relative to the size of those shown in Table 139 on
page 70).

Table 168: esrelation Restrictions

\restrictbarb \restrictmallet  \restrictwand
) \restrictbarbup * \restrictmalletup ( \restrictwandup

Table 169: MnSymbol Spoons

s \downfilledspoon \nnespoon u \nwfilledspoon
\downspoon \nnwfilledspoon m \nwspoon
r \leftfilledspoon \nnwspoon p \rightfilledspoon
\leftspoon \nrightfilledspoon \rightspoon*
\ndownfilledspoon \nrightspoon* w \sefilledspoon
\ndownspoon \nsefilledspoon o \sespoon
t \nefilledspoon \nsespoon v \swfilledspoon
l \nespoon \nswfilledspoon n \swspoon
\nleftfilledspoon \nswspoon q \upfilledspoon
\nleftspoon \nupfilledspoon \upspoon
\nnefilledspoon \nupspoon
*
MnSymbol defines \multimap as a synonym for \rightspoon and \nmultimap
as a synonym for \nrightspoon.

Table 170: MnSymbol Pitchforks

\downpitchfork \nnwpitchfork \rightpitchfork
\leftpitchfork \nrightpitchfork \sepitchfork
\ndownpitchfork \nsepitchfork \swpitchfork
\nepitchfork \nswpitchfork \uppitchfork
\nleftpitchfork \nuppitchfork
\nnepitchfork \nwpitchfork
*
MnSymbol defines \pitchfork as a synonym for \uppitchfork and
\npitchfork as a synonym for \nuppitchfork.

86
 Table 171: MnSymbol Smiles and Frowns
 \doublefrown \nsmileeq \smileeq
% \doublefrowneq \nsmileeqfrown & \smileeqfrown
 \doublesmile \nsmilefrown \smilefrown
$ \doublesmileeq \nsmilefrowneq ( \smilefrowneq
# \eqfrown \nsqdoublefrown - \sqdoublefrown
" \eqsmile \nsqdoublefrowneq 7 \sqdoublefrowneq
\frown \nsqdoublesmile , \sqdoublesmile
! \frowneq \nsqdoublesmileeq 6 \sqdoublesmileeq
' \frowneqsmile \nsqeqfrown 5 \sqeqfrown
 \frownsmile \nsqeqsmile 4 \sqeqsmile
) \frownsmileeq \nsqfrown + \sqfrown
\ndoublefrown \nsqfrowneq 3 \sqfrowneq
\ndoublefrowneq \nsqfrowneqsmile 9 \sqfrowneqsmile
\ndoublesmile \nsqfrownsmile 1 \sqfrownsmile
\ndoublesmileeq \nsqsmile * \sqsmile
\neqfrown \nsqsmileeq 2 \sqsmileeq
\neqsmile \nsqsmileeqfrown 8 \sqsmileeqfrown
\nfrown \nsqsmilefrown 0 \sqsmilefrown
\nfrowneq \nsqtriplefrown / \sqtriplefrown
\nfrowneqsmile \nsqtriplesmile . \sqtriplesmile
\nfrownsmile \ntriplefrown  \triplefrown
\nfrownsmileeq \ntriplesmile  \triplesmile
\nsmile \smile
*
MnSymbol defines \smallsmile as a synonym for \smile, \smallfrown as a
synonym for \frown, \asymp as a synonym for \smilefrown, and \nasymp as
a synonym for \nsmilefrown.

Table 172: fdsymbol Spoons

\blackwhitespoon
o \downblackspoon
\downspoon
n \leftblackspoon
q \leftrightblackspoon
\leftrightspoon
\leftspoon
\nblackwhitespoon
\ndownblackspoon \nupblackspoon
\ndownspoon \nupspoon
\nleftblackspoon \nwhiteblackspoon
\nleftrightblackspoon l \rightblackspoon
\nleftrightspoon \rightspoon
\nleftspoon m \upblackspoon
\nrightblackspoon \upspoon
\nrightspoon \whiteblackspoon

fdsymbol defines synonyms for many of the preceding symbols:

\cirmid \multimapinv \nmultimap

\dualmap \ncirmid \nmultimapinv
\imageof \ndualmap \norigof
\midcir \nimageof \origof
\multimap \nmidcir

87
 Table 173: fdsymbol Pitchforks
w \downpitchfork \nleftpitchfork t \rightpitchfork
v \leftpitchfork \nrightpitchfork \uppitchfork
\ndownpitchfork \nuppitchfork

fdsymbol defines \npitchfork as a synonym for \nuppitchfork and

\pitchfork as a synonym for \uppitchfork.

Table 174: fdsymbol Smiles and Frowns

\frown \nfrowneq \nsmilefrown
\frowneq \nfrownsmile \smile
\frownsmile \nsmile  \smileeq
\nfrown \nsmileeq \smilefrown

fdsymbol defines \arceq as a synonym for \frowneq, \asymp as a synonym

for \smilefrown, \closure as a synonym for \frownsmile, \narceq as a
synonym for \nfrowneq, \nasymp as a synonym for \nsmilefrown, \nclosure
as a synonym for \nfrownsmile, \smallfrown as a synonym for \frown, and
\smallsmile as a synonym for \smile.

Table 175: ulsy Contradiction Symbols

\blitza
\blitzb  \blitzc  \blitzd \blitze

Table 176: Extension Characters

\relbar = \Relbar

Table 177: stmaryrd Extension Characters

Y \Arrownot \ \Mapsfromchar
\Mapstochar
X \arrownot [ \mapsfromchar

Table 178: txfonts/pxfonts Extension Characters

 \Mappedfromchar  \Mmappedfromchar  \Mmapstochar
\mappedfromchar  \mmappedfromchar  \mmapstochar

Table 179: mathabx Extension Characters

\mapsfromchar \mapstochar
\Mapsfromchar \Mapstochar

88
 Table 180: stix Extension Characters
\lhook \relbar \RRelbar
: \mapsfromchar \Relbar \Rrelbar
\mapstochar \rhook

Table 181: Log-like Symbols

\arccos \cos \csc \exp \ker \limsup \min \sinh
\arcsin \cosh \deg \gcd \lg \ln \Pr \sup
\arctan \cot \det \hom \lim \log \sec \tan
\arg \coth \dim \inf \liminf \max \sin \tanh

Calling the above symbols may be a bit misleading.3 Each log-like symbol
merely produces the eponymous textual equivalent, but with proper surround-
ing spacing. See Section 10.4 for more information about log-like symbols. As
\bmod and \pmod are arguably not symbols we refer the reader to the Short
Math Guide for LATEX [Dow00] for samples.

Table 182: Log-like Symbols

inj lim \injlim lim \varinjlim lim \varlimsup

proj lim \projlim lim \varliminf lim \varprojlim

Load the amsmath package to get these symbols. See Section 10.4 for some ad-
ditional comments regarding log-like symbols. As \mod and \pod are arguably
not symbols we refer the reader to the Short Math Guide for LATEX [Dow00]
for samples.

Table 183: ChinA2e Number Sets

\Complex \Integer \Natural \Rational \Real
\COMPLEX \INTEGER \NATURAL \RATIONAL \REAL
3 Michael J. Downes prefers the more general term, atomic math objects.

89
 Table 184: Greek Letters
\alpha \theta o \tau
\beta \vartheta \pi \upsilon
\gamma \iota \varpi \phi
\delta \kappa \rho \varphi
\epsilon \lambda \varrho \chi
\varepsilon \mu \sigma \psi
\zeta \nu \varsigma \omega
\eta \xi

\Gamma \Lambda \Sigma \Psi

\Delta \Xi \Upsilon \Omega
\Theta \Pi \Phi

The remaining Greek majuscules can be produced with ordinary Latin letters.
The symbol M, for instance, is used for both an uppercase m and an upper-
case . To make available commands for all of the Greek majuscules, either
use the mathspec package, which requires XELATEX, or copy mathspec.stys
Greek-letter definitions to your documents preamble:
\DeclareMathSymbol{\Alpha}{\mathalpha}{operators}{"41}
\DeclareMathSymbol{\Beta}{\mathalpha}{operators}{"42}
\DeclareMathSymbol{\Epsilon}{\mathalpha}{operators}{"45}
\DeclareMathSymbol{\Zeta}{\mathalpha}{operators}{"5A}
\DeclareMathSymbol{\Eta}{\mathalpha}{operators}{"48}
\DeclareMathSymbol{\Iota}{\mathalpha}{operators}{"49}
\DeclareMathSymbol{\Kappa}{\mathalpha}{operators}{"4B}
\DeclareMathSymbol{\Mu}{\mathalpha}{operators}{"4D}
\DeclareMathSymbol{\Nu}{\mathalpha}{operators}{"4E}
\DeclareMathSymbol{\Omicron}{\mathalpha}{operators}{"4F}
\DeclareMathSymbol{\Rho}{\mathalpha}{operators}{"50}
\DeclareMathSymbol{\Tau}{\mathalpha}{operators}{"54}
\DeclareMathSymbol{\Chi}{\mathalpha}{operators}{"58}
\DeclareMathSymbol{\omicron}{\mathord}{letters}{"6F}

See Section 10.5 for examples of how to produce bold Greek letters.

The symbols in this table are intended to be used in mathematical typesetting.

Greek body text can be typeset using the babel packages greek (or polutoniko-
greek) optionand, of course, a font that provides the glyphs for the Greek
alphabet.

Table 185: Greek Letters

z \digamma \varkappa

90
 Table 186: txfonts/pxfonts Upright Greek Letters
\alphaup \thetaup \piup \phiup
\betaup \varthetaup $ \varpiup \varphiup
\gammaup \iotaup \rhoup \chiup
\deltaup \kappaup % \varrhoup \psiup
 \epsilonup \lambdaup \sigmaup \omegaup
\varepsilonup \muup \varsigmaup
\zetaup \nuup \tauup
\etaup \xiup \upsilonup

The symbols in this table are intended to be used sporadically throughout

a document (e.g., to represent mathematical units or numerical quantities
3.14159). In contrast, Greek body text can be typeset using the babel
packages greek (or polutonikogreek) optionand, of course, a font that provides
the glyphs for the Greek alphabet.

Table 187: upgreek Upright Greek Letters

\upalpha \uptheta \uppi \upphi
\upbeta \upvartheta $ \upvarpi \upvarphi
\upgamma \upiota \uprho \upchi
\updelta \upkappa \upvarrho \uppsi
 \upepsilon \uplambda \upsigma \upomega
\upvarepsilon \upmu \upvarsigma
\upzeta \upnu \uptau
\upeta \upxi \upupsilon

\Upgamma \Uplambda \Upsigma \Uppsi

\Updelta \Upxi \Upupsilon \Upomega
\Uptheta \Uppi \Upphi

upgreek utilizes upright Greek characters from either Euler Roman (depicted
above) or the PostScript Symbol font. As a result, the glyphs may appear
slightly different from the above. Contrast, for example, (Euler)
with (Symbol). Also note that the \var. . . forms do not always
produce a distinct glyph.

Unlike textgreek (Table 6 on page 15), upgreek works in math mode.

The symbols in this table are intended to be used sporadically throughout

a document (e.g., to represent mathematical units or numerical quantities
3.14159). In contrast, Greek body text can be typeset using the babel
packages greek (or polutonikogreek) optionand, of course, a font that provides
the glyphs for the Greek alphabet.

Table 188: fourier Variant Greek Letters

\pi \rho
$ \varpi % \varrho
\varvarpi \varvarrho

91
 Table 189: txfonts/pxfonts Variant Latin Letters
1 \varg 3 \varv 4 \varw 2 \vary

Pass the varg option to txfonts/pxfonts to replace g, v, w, and y with 1, 3, 4,

and 2 in every mathematical expression in your document.

Table 190: boisik Variant Greek Letters

/ \varbeta . \varkappa $ \varpi & \varsigma
" \varepsilon ' \varphi % \varrho # \vartheta

Table 191: boisik Variant Latin Letters

\varg

Table 192: stix Variant Greek Letters

\varepsilon \varphi \varrho \vartheta
\varkappa \varpi \varsigma

Table 193: stix Transformed Greek Letters

\backepsilon \turnediota
\mho \upbackepsilon

Table 194: Hebrew Letters

i \beth \gimel k \daleth

\aleph () appears in Table 294 on page 115.

Table 195: MnSymbol Hebrew Letters

\aleph \beth \gimel \daleth

Table 196: fdsymbol Hebrew Letters

\aleph \beth \gimel \daleth

Table 197: boisik Hebrew Letters

\beth \gimel \daleth

92
 Table 198: stix Hebrew Letters
\aleph \beth \gimel \daleth

Table 199: Letter-like Symbols

\bot \forall \imath \ni \top
\ell ~ \hbar \in \partial \wp
\exists \Im \jmath \Re

Table 200: Letter-like Symbols

k \Bbbk { \complement ~ \hbar
r \circledR ` \Finv } \hslash
s \circledS a \Game @ \nexists

Table 201: txfonts/pxfonts Letter-like Symbols

\mathcent \mathsterling* < \notin = \notni

*
Its generally preferable to use the corresponding symbol from Table 3 on
page 15 because the symbols in that table work properly in both text mode
and math mode.

Table 202: mathabx Letter-like Symbols

V \barin P \in L \nottop T \varnotin
A \complement E \nexists Q \owns U \varnotowner
D \exists M \notbot W \ownsbar
F \Finv R \notin B \partial
G \Game S \notowner C \partialslash

Table 203: MnSymbol Letter-like Symbols

\bot \in \nowns* \top
\exists \nexists \owns \wp
\forall \nin* \powerset
*
MnSymbol provides synonyms \notin for \nin, \ni for \owns, and \intercal
for \top.

93
 Table 204: fdsymbol Letter-like Symbols
\bot \forall \in \owns
\complement \Game \nexists \top
\exists h \hbar \nin \wp
\Finv h \hslash \nowns

fdsymbol provides synonyms \notin for \nin, \ni for \owns, and \nni for
\nowns.

Table 205: boisik Letter-like Symbols

k \Bbbk \Game { \imath \nexists
\complement \hbar \intercal \wp
\Finv \hslash | \jmath

Table 206: stix Letter-like Symbols

\Angstrom \Eulerconst \imath \top
\Bbbk \exists \intercal \topbot
\bot \Finv \jmath \wp
\circledR \forall $ \mathdollar \Yup
\circledS \Game \mathparagraph \Zbar
\complement \hbar \mathsterling
\digamma \hslash \nexists
\ell \Im \Re

Table 207: trfsigns Letter-like Symbols

e \e j \im

Table 208: mathdesign Letter-like Symbols

\in 3 \owns
6 \notin \smallin
 \notsmallin
\smallowns
 \notsmallowns

The mathdesign package additionally provides versions of each of the letter-like

symbols shown in Table 200 on the previous page.

Table 209: fge Letter-like Symbols

A \fgeA \fgeeszett D \fgeleftB U \fgeU
c \fgec F \fgeF C \fgeleftC
p \fged f \fgef B \fgerightB
e \fgee \fgelb* s \fges
*
The fge package defines \fgeeta, \fgeN, and \fgeoverU as synonyms for
\fgelb.

94
 Table 210: fourier Letter-like Symbols
\partial \varpartialdiff

Table 211: cmll Letter-like Symbols

\Bot \simbot

Table 212: Delimiters

p \ulcorner q \urcorner
x \llcorner y \lrcorner

Table 213: stmaryrd Delimiters

P \Lbag Q \Rbag N \lbag O \rbag
V \llceil W \rrceil T \llfloor U \rrfloor
L \llparenthesis M \rrparenthesis

Table 214: mathabx Delimiters

v \lcorners w \rcorners

x \ulcorner y \urcorner
z \llcorner { \lrcorner

Table 215: boisik Delimiters

\ulcorner \urcorner
\llcorner \lrcorner

Table 216: stix Delimiters

\langledot \rangledot \llangle \rrangle
\lbag \rbag \llcorner \lrcorner
\lblkbrbrak \rblkbrbrak \llparenthesis \rrparenthesis
\lbracklltick \rbrackurtick \Lparengtr \Rparenless
\lbrackubar \rbrackubar \lparenless \rparengtr
\lbrackultick \rbracklrtick \lvzigzag \rvzigzag
\Lbrbrak \Rbrbrak \Lvzigzag \Rvzigzag
\lcurvyangle \rcurvyangle \ulcorner \urcorner

Table 217: nath Delimiters

\niv \vin

95
 Table 218: Variable-sized Delimiters

[ ]
\downarrow \Downarrow [ [ ] ]



\langle \rangle | | \|



\lceil \rceil \uparrow \Uparrow



\lfloor \rfloor \updownarrow \Updownarrow


( ) { }
( ( ) ) { \{ } \}

/ / \backslash

When used with \left and \right, these symbols expand to the height of the
enclosed math expression. Note that \vert is a synonym for |, and \Vert is
a synonym for \|.

-TEX provides a \middle analogue to \left and \right. \middle can be

used, for example, to make an internal | expand to the height of the sur-
rounding \left and \right symbols. (This capability is commonly needed
when typesetting adjacent bras and kets in Dirac notation: |). A simi-
lar effect can be achieved in conventional LATEX using the braket package.

Table 219: Large, Variable-sized Delimiters

\lmoustache \rmoustache \lgroup \rgroup










\arrowvert \Arrowvert \bracevert

These symbols must be used with \left and \right. The mathabx pack-
age, however, redefines \lgroup and \rgroup so that those symbols can work
without \left and \right.

Table 220: Variable-sized Delimiters

| \lvert | \rvert



\lVert \rVert

According to the amsmath documentation [AMS99], the preceding symbols are

intended to be used as delimiters (e.g., as in ||) while the \vert and \Vert
symbols (Table 218) are intended to be used as operators (e.g., as in |).

Table 221: stmaryrd Variable-sized Delimiters

 
~ \llbracket  \rrbracket

96
 Table 222: mathabx Variable-sized Delimiters
1 9
v \ldbrack w \rdbrack
7 ?
7 ?
7 7
7 \lfilet ? ?
? \rfilet
ffl 
ffl 
~ ffl \thickvert ~  \vvvert

Table 223: MnSymbol Variable-sized Delimiters

X
X

X X
X
X
X X
X {
\Arrowvert


\lbrace \rceil

RR
RR RR
R RR
\arrowvert \lceil \rfloor

/ /

\backslash \lfloor \rgroup

\bracevert \lgroup \rmoustache

[
[ \llangle \rrangle

M
Q
] Q
Q
] \llcorner Q
O
\rsem

_ _
_


_ _
( (
_ _
( \lmoustache _
_
\rWavy

^^ ^^
) ) ^ ^^
) \lrcorner ^^ \rwavy

L
P
/ / P
P
/ P
N
\lsem \ulcorner

^^ ^^
^ ^^ 3 6
< ^^ \lwavy \ullcorner

_ _
_
_
_ _
_ 8 ;
> _
_
\lWavy \ulrcorner

RR
RR
RR | \rangle \urcorner

(continued on next page)

97
 (continued from previous page)

X
X
X
X
\langle p s \ranglebar X
X \|

k n }

\langlebar \rbrace

\vert is a synonym for |. \Vert is a synonym for \|. \mid and \mvert
produce the same symbol as \vert but designated as math relations instead
of ordinals. \divides produces the same symbol as \vert but designated as
a binary operator instead of an ordinal. \parallel and \mVert produce the
same symbol as \Vert but designated as math relations instead of ordinals.

Table 224: fdsymbol Variable-sized Delimiters

\ \ \backslash \lrcorner ) ) \rparen

\downarrow \lvert \rvert

\Downarrow
\lVert
\rVert







\lAngle
\lVvert
\rVvert

\langle / / \mathslash \ulcorner

\langledot \rangle N S \ullcorner

{ { \lbrace \rAngle T Y \ulrcorner

[ [ \lbrack \rangledot
\uparrow

\lBrack } } \rbrace
\Uparrow

(continued on next page)

98
(continued from previous page)

\lceil \rBrack
\updownarrow

\lfloor ] ] \rbrack
\Updownarrow

\lgroup \rceil \urcorner

\llcorner \rfloor \vert

\lmoustache \rgroup

\Vert

( (


\lparen \rmoustache \Vvert

fdsymbol defines ( as a synonym for \lparen, ) as a synonym for \rparen,

[ as a synonym for \lbrack, ] as a synonym for \rbrack, { as a syn-
onym for \lbrace, } as a synonym for \rbrace, / as a synonym for
\mathslash, | as a synonym for \vert, \| as a synonym for \Vert, \lsem
as a synonym for \lBrack, and \rsem as a synonym for \rBrack.

Table 225: stix Variable-sized Delimiters

\Arrowvert \lAngle \rceil



{








\arrowvert { \lbrace \rfloor



\

\backslash \lBrace \rgroup










\Ddownarrow \lBrack \rmoustache










\DDownarrow \lbrbrak \rParen

(continued on next page)

99
(continued from previous page)

\downarrow \lceil

\uparrow













\Downarrow \lfloor


\Uparrow




[




[ [ \lgroup


\Updownarrow


]





] ] \lmoustache

\updownarrow



(



( ( \lParen

\Uuparrow




)



) ) \rAngle

\UUparrow




/


/ \rangle \Vert


} ||
< } \rbrace | || \vert
||



> \rBrace \Vvert


||
| || | \rBrack
||

\langle \rbrbrak

Table 226: mathdesign Variable-sized Delimiters

\leftwave
\rightwave



\leftevaw
\rightevaw

The definitions of these symbols include a preceding \left or \right. It is

therefore an error to specify \left or \right explicitly. The internal, primi-
tive versions of these symbols are called \lwave, \rwave, \levaw, and \revaw.

100
 Table 227: nath Variable-sized Delimiters (Double)

\lAngle \rAngle
[[ ]]
[[ \lBrack ]] \rBrack

\lCeil \rCeil

\lFloor \rFloor

|| \lVert* || \rVert*

*
nath redefines all of the above to include implicit \left and \right commands.
Hence, separate \lVert and \rVert commands are needed to disambiguate
whether | is a left or right delimiter.

All of the symbols in Table 227 can also be expressed using the \double macro.
See the nath documentation for examples and additional information.

Table 228: nath Variable-sized Delimiters (Triple)

\triple< \triple>
[[[ ]]]
[[[ \triple[ ]]] \triple]

||| \ltriple|* ||| \rtriple|*

*
Similar to \lVert and \rVert in Table 227, \ltriple and \rtriple must
be used instead of \triple to disambiguate whether | is a left or right
delimiter.
Note that \tripleand the corresponding \doubleis actually a macro that
takes a delimiter as an argument.

Table 229: fourier Variable-sized Delimiters

\llbracket \rrbracket

\VERT

Table 230: textcomp Text-mode Delimiters

\textlangle \textrangle
\textlbrackdbl \textrbrackdbl
\textlquill \textrquill

101
 Table 231: metre Text-mode Delimiters
} \alad } \Alad \crux \Crux
{ \alas { \Alas ]] \quadrad ]] \Quadrad
\angud \Angud [[ \quadras [[ \Quadras
\angus \Angus

Table 232: Math-mode Accents

\acute{a}
\check{a}
` \grave{a}
\tilde{a}

\bar{a}*
\ddot{a}
^ \hat{a} \vec{a}

\breve{a} \dot{a}
\mathring{a}

Note also the existence of \imath and \jmath, which produce dotless versions
of i and j . (See Table 294 on page 115.) These are useful when the
accent is supposed to replace the dot. For example, \hat{\imath} produces
a correct ^ , while \hat{i} would yield the rather odd-looking ^ .
*
The \overline command (Table 240 on page 104) produces a wider accent
However, unlike adjacent \bars, adjacent \overlines
than \bar: vs. .
run together, which is often not desired: vs. .
If wider bars than
\bar are needed, the following code from Enrico Gregorio can be used to add
the requisite inter-symbol spacing [Gre09]:

\newcommand{\closure}[2][3]{%
{}\mkern#1mu\overline{\mkern-#1mu#2}}

With that definition, \closure{A}\closure{B} produces , with a vis-

ible gap between the two accents. The optional argument can be used to
fine-tune the spacing.

Table 233: Math-mode Accents

... ....
\dddot{a} \ddddot{a}

These accents are also provided by the mathabx and accents packages and are
redefined by the mathdots package if the amsmath and amssymb packages have
previously been loaded. All of the variations except for the original ones
...
tighten the space between the dots (from to
). The mathabx and mathdots
versions
... also function properly within subscripts and superscripts (

instead

of ) .

Table 234: MnSymbol Math-mode Accents

a \vec{a}

102
 Table 235: fdsymbol Math-mode Accents

a \middlebar{a}
a \strokethrough{a}
a \middleslash{a} a \vec{a}

\middlebar and \middleslash are applied here to for consistency with

the rest of the document, but they generally look better when applied to taller
lowercase characters.

Table 236: boisik Math-mode Accents

a \vec{a}

Table 237: stix Math-mode Accents

a \acute{a} a \hat{a}
a \annuity{a} a \leftarrowaccent{a}
a \asteraccent{a} a \leftharpoonaccent{a}
a \bar{a} a
\leftrightarrowaccent{a}
a \breve{a} a \mathring{a}
a \candra{a} a \ocommatopright{a}
a \check{a} a \oturnedcomma{a}
a \ddddot{a} a \ovhook{a}
a \dddot{a} a \rightharpoonaccent{a}
a \ddot{a} a \tilde{a}
a \dot{a} a \vec{a}
a \droang{a} a
\widebridgeabove{a}
a \grave{a}

Table 238: fge Math-mode Accents

Aa \spirituslenis{A}\spirituslenis{a}*
*
When fge is passed the crescent option, \spirituslenis instead uses a crescent
accent as in a .

Table 239: yhmath Math-mode Accents

\ring{a}

This symbol is largely obsolete, as standard LATEX 2 has supported \mathring

(Table 232 on the previous page) since June 1998 [LAT98].

103
 Table 240: Extensible Accents

\widetilde{abc}*
\widehat{abc}*

\overleftarrow{abc} \overrightarrow{abc}
\overline{abc} \underline{abc}

\overbrace{abc}
\underbrace{abc}

\sqrt{abc}

As demonstrated in a 1997 TUGboat article about typesetting long-division

problems [Gib97], an extensible long-division sign ( ) ) can be faked by
putting a \big) in a tabular environment with an \hline or \cline in
the preceding row. The article also presents a piece of code (uploaded to
CTAN as longdiv.tex) that automatically solves and typesetsby putting an
\overline atop \big) and the desired textlong-division problems. More
recently, the STIX fonts include a true long-division sign. See \longdivision
in Table 246 for a sample of this symbol. See also the polynom package, which
automatically solves and typesets polynomial-division problems in a similar
manner.

*
These symbols are made more extensible by the MnSymbol package (Table 244
on the following page). and even more extensible by the yhmath package (Ta-
ble 242).

If youre looking for an extensible diagonal line or arrow to be used for canceling
5
or reducing mathematical subexpressions (e.g.,  +
 or  3+ 2 ) then
:
consider using the cancel package.

With an optional argument, \sqrt typesets nth roots. For example,

\sqrt[3]{abc} produces 3 and \sqrt[n]{abc} produces .

Table 241: overrightarrow Extensible Accents

=
\Overrightarrow{abc}

Table 242: yhmath Extensible Accents

\widehat{abc}
\widetilde{abc}

\wideparen{abc}
\widetriangle{abc}


\widering{abc}

Table 243: Extensible Accents

\overleftrightarrow{abc}
\underleftrightarrow{abc}

\underleftarrow{abc}
\underrightarrow{abc}

104
 Table 244: MnSymbol Extensible Accents

abc \overbrace{abc} \undergroup{abc}


zx
\overgroup{abc} \underlinesegment{abc}

\overleftharpoon{abc} abc \widehat{abc}
zx
\overlinesegment{abc} abc \wideparen{abc}

\overrightharpoon{abc} abc \widetilde{abc}

abc \underbrace{abc}

Table 245: fdsymbol Extensible Accents

\overbrace{abc} \undergroup{abc}


\overgroup{abc} \underlinesegment{abc}


\overleftharpoon{abc} abc \widehat{abc}

\overlinesegment{abc} abc \wideparen{abc}

\overrightharpoon{abc} abc \widetilde{abc}

\underbrace{abc}

Table 246: stix Extensible Accents

\longdivision{abc} \underbracket{abc}

\overbrace{abc} \underleftarrow{abc}

\overbracket{abc} \underleftharpoon{abc}

\overleftarrow{abc} \underleftrightarrow{abc}

\overleftharpoon{abc} \underparen{abc}

\overleftrightarrow{abc} \underrightarrow{abc}

\overparen{abc} \underrightharpoon{abc}

\overrightarrow{abc}
abc \widecheck{abc}

\overrightharpoon{abc}
abc \widehat{abc}

\sqrt{abc}
abc \widetilde{abc}

\underbrace{abc}

105
 Table 247: mathtools Extensible Accents

\overbrace{abc}
\underbrace{abc}
\overbracket{abc}* \underbracket{abc}*

*
\overbracket and \underbracket accept optional arguments that specify the
bracket height and thickness. See the mathtools documentation for more in-
formation.

Table 248: mathabx Extensible Accents

hkkikkj
\overbrace{abc}
\widebar{abc}
hkkk j
\overgroup{abc}
| \widecheck{abc}

loo
moon \underbrace{abc}
\wideparen{abc}

lo
oo n \undergroup{abc}
\widering{abc}

\widearrow{abc}

The braces shown for \overbrace and \underbrace appear in their minimum
size. They can expand arbitrarily wide, however.

Table 249: fourier Extensible Accents

\widearc{abc}
\wideparen{abc}


\wideOarc{abc}
\widering{abc}

Table 250: esvect Extensible Accents

#
\vv{abc} with package option a
#
\vv{abc} with package option b
#
\vv{abc} with package option c
#
\vv{abc} with package option d
#
\vv{abc} with package option e
#
\vv{abc} with package option f
#
\vv{abc} with package option g
#
\vv{abc} with package option h

esvect also defines a \vv* macro which is used to typeset arrows over vector
variables with subscripts. See the esvect documentation for more information.

106
 Table 251: abraces Extensible Accents

\aoverbrace{abc}
\aunderbrace{abc}

\aoverbrace and \aunderbrace accept optional arguments that provide a

great deal of control over the braces appearance. For example, these com-
mands can produce braces with asymmetric endpoints, braces that span lines,
dashed braces, and multicolored braces. See the abraces documentation for
more information.

Table 252: undertilde Extensible Accents

\utilde{abc}

Because \utilde is based on \widetilde it is also made more extensible by
the yhmath package (Table 242 on page 104).

Table 253: ushort Extensible Accents

\ushortdw{abc} \ushortw{abc}

\ushortw and \ushortdw are intended to be used with multi-character argu-

ments (words) while \ushortand \ushortd are intended to be used with
single-character arguments.

The underlines produced by the ushort commands are shorter than those pro-
duced by the \underline command. Consider the output from the expres-
sion \ushort{x}\ushort{y}\underline{x}\underline{y}, which looks
like .

Table 254: mdwmath Extensible Accents

\sqrt*{abc}

Table 255: actuarialangle Extensible Accents

\actuarialangle{abc}

The actuarialangle package additionally defines \angl as \actuarialangle

with a small amount of extra space to the right of the accented expression
under the , \angln as \angl{n}, and \anglr as \angl{r}.

Table 256: Extensible Arrows

\xleftarrow{abc} \xrightarrow{abc}

107
 Table 257: mathtools Extensible Arrows
\xhookleftarrow{abc}
\xhookrightarrow{abc}
== \xLeftarrow{abc}
\xleftharpoondown{abc}
\xleftharpoonup{abc}
\xleftrightarrow{abc}
= \xLeftrightarrow{abc}
\xleftrightharpoons{abc}
\xmapsto{abc}
== \xRightarrow{abc}
\xrightharpoondown{abc}
\xrightharpoonup{abc}
\xrightleftharpoons{abc}

Table 258: chemarr Extensible Arrows

\xrightleftharpoons{abc}

Table 259: chemarrow Extensible Arrows

abc abc
DGGGGGGG \autoleftarrow{abc}{def} GGGGGGGA \autorightarrow{abc}{def}
def def

abc abc
E
GGGGGGGC
GG \autoleftrightharpoons{abc}{def} GGGGGGGB
F GG \autorightleftharpoons{abc}{def}
def def

In addition to the symbols shown above, chemarrow also provides \larrowfill,

\rarrowfill, \leftrightharpoonsfill, and \rightleftharpoonsfill
macros. Each of these takes a length argument and produces an arrow of
the specified length.

Table 260: extarrows Extensible Arrows

= \xLeftrightarrow{abc} =
= \xLongleftrightarrow{abc}

\xleftrightarrow{abc}
\xlongleftrightarrow{abc}

==== \xlongequal{abc} == \xLongrightarrow{abc}

== \xLongleftarrow{abc} \xlongrightarrow{abc}

\xlongleftarrow{abc}

108
 Table 261: extpfeil Extensible Arrows

==== \xlongequal{abc}  \xtwoheadleftarrow{abc}

\xmapsto{abc}  \xtwoheadrightarrow{abc}

===

\xtofrom{abc}

The extpfeil package also provides a \newextarrow command to help you define
your own extensible arrow symbols. See the extpfeil documentation for more
information.

Table 262: DotArrow Extensible Arrows

\dotarrow{a}

The DotArrow package provides mechanisms for lengthening the arrow, adjust-
ing the distance between the arrow and its symbol, and altering the arrowhead.
See the DotArrow documentation for more information.

Table 263: halloweenmath Extensible Arrows

\overscriptleftarrow{abc}

\underscriptleftarrow{abc}

\overscriptleftrightarrow{abc}

\underscriptleftrightarrow{abc}

\overscriptrightarrow{abc}

\underscriptrightarrow{abc}

These commands always typeset the arrow in script (small) style, hence the
script in their names. Contrast the size of the arrowheads in the following
examples:

vs.
\overrightarrow{abc} \overscriptrightarrow{abc}

Table 264: trfsigns Extensible Transform Symbols

\dft{abc}
\DFT{abc}

Table 265: esrelation Extensible Relations

###& $ #####
& \relationleftproject{abc} $ \relationrightproject{abc}
$$
### # \relationlifting{abc}

109
 Table 266: halloweenmath Extensible Witches

\overleftwitchonbroom{abc} \overrightwitchonbroom{abc}

\overleftwitchonbroom*{abc} \overrightwitchonbroom*{abc}

\underleftwitchonbroom{abc} \underrightwitchonbroom{abc}

\underleftwitchonbroom*{abc} \underrightwitchonbroom*{abc}


\xleftwitchonbroom{abc} \xrightwitchonbroom{abc}

\xleftwitchonbroom*{abc} \xrightwitchonbroom*{abc}

Table 267: halloweenmath Extensible Ghosts

\overleftswishingghost{abc} \overrightswishingghost{abc}

\underleftswishingghost{abc} \underrightswishingghost{abc}

\xleftswishingghost{abc} \xrightswishingghost{abc}

Table 268: holtpolt Non-commutative Division Symbols

\holter{abc}{def} \polter{abc}{def}

Table 269: Dots

..
\cdotp : \colon* . \ldotp . \vdots
..
\cdots . \ddots ... \ldots
*
While : is valid in math mode, \colon uses different surrounding spac-
ing. See Section 10.4 and the Short Math Guide for LATEX [Dow00] for more
information on math-mode spacing.

The mathdots package redefines \ddots and \vdots (Table 275) to make them
scale properly with font size. (They normally scale horizontally but not verti-
cally.) \fixedddots and \fixedvdots provide the original, fixed-height func-
tionality of LATEX 2 s \ddots and \vdots macros.

110
 Table 270: Dots
\because* \dotsi \therefore*
\dotsb \dotsm
... \dotsc ... \dotso
*
\because and \therefore are defined as binary relations and therefore also
appear in Table 89 on page 48.

The \dots symbols are named according to their intended usage:

\dotsb between pairs of binary operators/relations, \dotsc between pairs of
commas, \dotsi between pairs of integrals, \dotsm between pairs of multipli-
cation signs, and \dotso between other symbol pairs.

Table 271: wasysym Dots

\wasytherefore

Table 272: MnSymbol Dots

\cdot
\hdotdot \udots
 \ddotdot \hdots \uptherefore
\ddots  \lefttherefore \vdotdot
\diamonddots \righttherefore \vdots
\downtherefore \squaredots
 \fivedots  \udotdot

MnSymbol defines \therefore as \uptherefore and \because as

\downtherefore. Furthermore, \cdotp and \colon produce the same glyphs
as \cdot and \vdotdot respectively but serve as TEX math punctuation
(class 6 symbols) instead of TEX binary operators (class 2).

All of the above except \hdots and \vdots are defined as binary operators
and therefore also appear in Table 56 on page 30.

Table 273: fdsymbol Dots

\cdot \hdots \udots
 \ddotdot  \lefttherefore \uptherefore
\ddots \righttherefore \vdotdot
\downtherefore \squaredots

\hdotdot  \udotdot

fdsymbol defines \adots as a synonym for \udots; \because as a synonym

for \downtherefore; \cdotp as a synonym for \cdot; \cdots as a synonym
for \hdots; \Colon as a synonym for \squaredots; \colon, \mathcolon, and
\mathratio as synonyms for \vdotdot; and \therefore as a synonym for
\uptherefore. (Some of these serve different mathematical roles, such as
relations versus binary operators.)

111
 Table 274: stix Dots
\adots \cdots \fourvdots
\because \Colon . \ldotp
\cdot \ddots \mathellipsis
\cdotp \enleadertwodots \therefore

stix defines \centerdot as a synonym for \cdotp and \dotsb and \dotsm as
synonyms for \cdots.

Table 275: mathdots Dots

.. . .
. \ddots . . \iddots .. \vdots

Unlike the default definitions of the above (Table 269), mathdotss commands
are designed to scale properly with the surrounding font size.

Table 276: yhmath Dots

.
.. \adots

Table 277: teubner Dots

.. .. .. .. .. \antilabe
\: . \; .. \?

Table 278: begriff Begriffsschrift Symbols

\BGassert \BGcontent \BGnot

\BGconditional{a}{b} a \BGquant{a}

The begriff package contains additional commands for typesetting Freges Be-
griffsschrift notation for second-order logic. See the begriff documentation for
more information.

112
 Table 279: frege Begriffsschrift Symbols
\Facontent \Fanncontent \Fncontent
\Fancontent \Fcontent \Fnncontent

a \Fannquant{a} a \Faquant{a} a \Fnquant{a}

a \Fannquantn{a}
a \Fannquantnn{a}
a \Fanquant{a}
a \Fanquantn{a}
a \Fanquantnn{a}
a \Faquantn{a} a \Fnquantn{a}
a \Faquantnn{a} a \Fnquantnn{a}
a \Fnnquant{a} a \Fquantn{a}
a \Fnnquantn{a} a \Fquantnn{a}
a \Fnnquantnn{a}

The frege package contains additional commands for typesetting Freges Be-
griffsschrift notation for second-order logic. See the frege documentation for
more information.

Table 280: mathcomp Math Symbols

\tccentigrade \tcohm \tcperthousand
\tcmu \tcpertenthousand

Table 281: marvosym Math Symbols

W \AngleSign > \LargerOrEqual * \MVMultiplication
; \Conclusion < \LessOrEqual . \MVPeriod
] \Congruent \MultiplicationDot + \MVPlus
= \Corresponds , \MVComma : \MVRightArrow
[ \Divides / \MVDivision ) \MVRightBracket
\ \DividesNot ( \MVLeftBracket ^ \NotCongruent
? \Equivalence - \MVMinus

Table 282: marvosym Digits

0 \MVZero 2 \MVTwo 4 \MVFour 6 \MVSix 8 \MVEight
1 \MVOne 3 \MVThree 5 \MVFive 7 \MVSeven 9 \MVNine

Table 283: fge Digits

0 \fgestruckzero 1 \fgestruckone

Table 284: dozenal Base-12 Digits

X \x E \e

Table 285: mathabx Mayan Digits

0 \maya{0} 2 \maya{2} 4 \maya{4}
1 \maya{1} 3 \maya{3} 5 \maya{5}

113
 Table 286: stix Infinities
\acidfree \infty \tieinfty
\iinfin \nvinfty

Table 287: stix Primes

\prime \backprime
\dprime \backdprime
\trprime \backtrprime
\qprime

Table 288: stix Empty Sets

\emptyset \emptysetobar \varnothing
\emptysetoarr \emptysetocirc
\emptysetoarrl \revemptyset

Table 289: Angles

\angle ] \measuredangle ^ \sphericalangle

Table 290: MnSymbol Angles

\angle \measuredangle \sphericalangle

Table 291: fdsymbol Angles

\angle \revangle \sphericalangle
\measuredangle \revmeasuredangle \sphericalangledown
\measuredrightangle \rightangle \sphericalangleleft
\measuredrightangledot \rightanglesquare \sphericalangleup

fdsymbol defines \measuredangleleft as a synonym for \revmeasuredangle;

\revsphericalangle and \gtlpar as synonyms for \sphericalangleleft;
\rightanglesqr as a synonym for \rightanglesquare; and
\rightanglemdot as a synonym for \measuredrightangledot.

Table 292: boisik Angles

\angle \rightangle \sphericalangle
\measuredangle \rightanglemdot
\measuredrightangle \rightanglesqr

114
 Table 293: stix Angles
\angdnr \measanglerutone \rightanglemdot
\angle \measangleultonw \rightanglesqr
\angles \measangleurtone \sphericalangle
\angleubar \measuredangle \sphericalangleup
\gtlpar \measuredangleleft \threedangle
\measangledltosw \measuredrightangle \turnangle
\measangledrtose \rangledownzigzagarrow \wideangledown
\measangleldtosw \revangle \wideangleup
\measanglelutonw \revangleubar
\measanglerdtose \rightangle

Table 294: Miscellaneous LATEX 2 Math Symbols

\aleph  \Box*, \nabla \triangle
\emptyset ^ \Diamond* \neg
\angle \infty \prime
\backslash f \mho* \surd
*
Not predefined in LATEX 2 . Use one of the packages latexsym, amsfonts,
amssymb, txfonts, pxfonts, or wasysym. Note, however, that amsfonts and
amssymb define \Diamond to produce the same glyph as \lozenge (); the
other packages produce a squarer \Diamond as depicted above.

To use \Boxor any other symbolas an end-of-proof (Q.E.D.) marker, con-
sider using the ntheorem package, which properly juxtaposes a symbol with the
end of the proof text.

Many people prefer the look of s \varnothing (, Table 295) to that
of LATEXs \emptyset.

Table 295: Miscellaneous Math Symbols

8 \backprime H \blacktriangledown f \mho
F \bigstar  \diagdown  \square
 \blacklozenge  \diagup O \triangledown
 \blacksquare \eth \varnothing
N \blacktriangle \lozenge M \vartriangle

Table 296: Miscellaneous wasysym Math Symbols

2 \Box 3 \Diamond f \mho*  \varangle

*
wasysym also defines an \agemO symbol, which is the same glyph as \mho but
is intended for use in text mode.

Table 297: Miscellaneous txfonts/pxfonts Math Symbols

_ \Diamondblack o \lambdabar
\Diamonddot n \lambdaslash

115
 Table 298: Miscellaneous mathabx Math Symbols
0 \degree 4 \fourth > \measuredangle 2 \second
\diagdown # \hash & \pitchfork ? \sphericalangle
\diagup 8 \infty 9 \propto 3 \third
I \diameter $ \leftthreetimes % \rightthreetimes # \varhash

Table 299: Miscellaneous MnSymbol Math Symbols

\backneg \diameter \invneg \neg
\backprime \infty \maltese \prime
\checkmark \invbackneg \nabla \smallint

MnSymbol defines \emptyset and \varnothing as synonyms for \diameter;

\lnot and \minushookdown as synonyms for \neg; \minushookup as a
synonym for \invneg; \hookdownminus as a synonym for \backneg; and,
\hookupminus as a synonym for \invbackneg.

Table 300: Miscellaneous Internal MnSymbol Math Symbols

\partialvardint
\partialvardlanddownint
\partialvardlandupint
\partialvardlcircleleftint
\partialvardlcirclerightint
\partialvardoiint
\partialvardoint
\partialvardrcircleleftint
\partialvardrcirclerightint
\partialvardstrokedint
\partialvardsumint
\partialvartint
\partialvartlanddownint
\partialvartlandupint
\partialvartlcircleleftint
\partialvartlcirclerightint
\partialvartoiint
\partialvartoint
\partialvartrcircleleftint
\partialvartrcirclerightint
\partialvartstrokedint
\partialvartsumint

These symbols are intended to be used internally by MnSymbol to construct

the integrals appearing in Table 80 on page 43 but can nevertheless be used in
isolation.

Table 301: Miscellaneous fdsymbol Math Symbols

\backneg \infty \prime
\backprime \invneg \revemptyset
\checkmark \maltese \sector
\emptyset \neg \smallint

fdsymbol defines \hookdownminus as a synonym for \backneg; \invneg and

\invnot as synonyms for \backneg; \lnot and \minushookdown as synonyms
for \neg; \turnedbackneg as a synonym for \intprodr; \turnedneg as a
synonym for \intprod; and \diameter and \varnothing as synonyms for
\emptyset.

116
 Table 302: Miscellaneous boisik Math Symbols
~ \backepsilon \hermitmatrix \notbot
\backprime \iinfin \nottop
\checkmark \invnot } \riota
\dalambert \lambdabar \sinewave
\diagdown \lambdaslash \varnothing
\diagup \maltese

Table 303: Miscellaneous stix Math Symbols

\accurrent \hermitmatrix \PropertyLine

\backslash \hyphenbullet \QED
\bbrktbrk \hzigzag \Question
\bigbot \increment \rdiagovfdiag
\biginterleave \inversebullet \rightouterjoin
\bigtop \invnot \sansLmirrored
\blacksmiley \Join \sansLturned
\bracevert \laplac \sinewave
\caretinsert \leftouterjoin \strns
\checkmark \llarc \thermod
\conictaper \lrarc \topcir
\danger \maltese \turnednot
\diagdown \mathsection \ubrbrak
\diagup \mathvisiblespace \ularc
\diameter \nabla \urarc
\dingasterisk \neg* \viewdata
\elinters \obrbrak \vzigzag
\eth \perps \yen
\Exclam \postalmark \zcmp
\fdiagovrdiag \profline \zpipe
\fullouterjoin \profsurf \zproject

*
stix defines \lnot as a synonym for \neg.

Table 304: Miscellaneous textcomp Text-mode Math Symbols

\textdegree* \textonehalf \textthreequarters
\textdiv \textonequarter \textthreesuperior
\textfractionsolidus \textonesuperior \texttimes
\textlnot \textpm \texttwosuperior
\textminus \textsurd
*
If you prefer a larger degree symbol you might consider defining one as
\ensuremath{^\circ} ( ).

nicefrac (part of the units package) or the newer xfrac package can be used to
construct vulgar fractions like 1/2, 1/4, 3/4, and even c/o.

117
 Table 305: Miscellaneous fge Math Symbols
K \fgebackslash S \fgecap R \fgecupacute h \fgelangle
M \fgebaracute Q \fgecapbar P \fgecupbar L \fgeupbracket
O \fgebarcap N \fgecup i \fgeinfty

Table 306: Miscellaneous mathdesign Math Symbols

\rightangle

118
 Table 307: Math Alphabets

Font sample Generating command Required package

ABCdef123 \mathrm{ABCdef123} none
ABCdef123 \mathit{ABCdef123} none
123 \mathnormal{ABCdef123} none
\mathcal{ABC} none
\mathscr{ABC} mathrsfs
or \mathcal{ABC} calrsfs
ABC \mathcal{ABC} euscript with the mathcal option
or \mathscr{ABC} euscript with the mathscr option
AB C \mathcal{ABC} rsfso
or \mathscr{ABC} rsfso with the scr option
ABC \mathcal{ABC} urwchancal*
or \mathscr{ABC} urwchancal* with the mathscr option
ABC \mathbb{ABC} amsfonts,S amssymb, txfonts, or pxfonts
\varmathbb{ABC} txfonts or pxfonts
ABCdef123 \mathbb{ABCdef123} bbold or mathbbol
ABCdef123 \mathbb{ABCdef123} mbboard
ABCdef12 \mathbbm{ABCdef12} bbm
ABCdef12 \mathbbmss{ABCdef12} bbm
ABCdef12 \mathbbmtt{ABCdef12} bbm
ABC1 \mathds{ABC1} dsfont
ABC1 \mathds{ABC1} dsfont with the sans option
\symA\symB\symC china2e
ABCdef123 \mathfrak{ABCdef123} eufrak
ABCdef123 \textfrak{ABCdef123} yfonts
ABCdef123 \textswab{ABCdef123} yfonts
ABCf123 \textgoth{ABCdef123} yfonts

*
urwchancal redefines \mathcal or \mathscr to use Zapf Chancery as the cali-
graphic or script font. However, like all \mathcal and \mathscr commands
shown in Table 307, these support only uppercase letters. An alternative is to
put \DeclareMathAlphabet{\mathpzc}{OT1}{pzc}{m}{it} in your docu-
ments preamble to make \mathpzc typeset a wider set of characters in Zapf
Chancery. Unfortunately, with this technique accents, superscripts, and sub-
scripts dont align as well as they do with urwchancal.

r
As a similar trick, you can typeset the Calligra fonts script (or other
calligraphic symbols) in math mode by loading the calligra package and
putting \DeclareMathAlphabet{\mathcalligra}{T1}{calligra}{m}{n}
in your documents preamble to make \mathcalligra typeset its
argument in the Calligra font. You may also want to spec-
ify \DeclareFontShape{T1}{calligra}{m}{n}{<->s*[2.2]callig15}{}
to set Calligra at 2.2 times its design size for a better blend with typical body
fonts.

119

The mathbbol package defines some additional blackboard bold charac-
ters: parentheses, square brackets, angle brackets, andif the bbgreekl op-
tion is passed to mathbbolGreek letters. For instance, <[()]> is
produced by \mathbb{\Langle\Lbrack\Lparen\bbalpha\bbbeta\bbgamma
\Rparen\Rbrack\Rangle}.

mbboard extends the blackboard bold symbol set significantly further. It

supports not only the Greek alphabetincluding Greek-like symbols such
as \bbnabla ()but also all punctuation marks, various currency sym-
bols such as \bbdollar ($) and \bbeuro (), and the Hebrew alpha-
bet (e.g., \bbfinalnun\bbyod\bbqof\bbpe ).

The \sym. . . commands provided by the ChinA2e package are actually text-
mode commands. They are included in Table 307 because they resemble the
blackboard-bold symbols that appear in the rest of the table. In addition to the
26 letters of the English alphabet, ChinA2e provides three umlauted blackboard-

bold letters: \symAE ( ), \symOE ( ), and \symUE ( ). Note that ChinA2e
does provide math-mode commands for the most common number-set symbols.
These are presented in Table 183 on page 89.

As their \text. . . names imply, the fonts provided by the yfonts package are
actually text fonts. They are included in Table 307 because they are frequently
used in a mathematical context.
S
An older (i.e., prior to 1991) version of the s fonts rendered C, N, R, S,
and Z as C, N, R, S, and Z. As some people prefer the older glyphsmuch
to the s surpriseand because those glyphs fail to build under modern
versions of METAFONT, Berthold Horn uploaded PostScript fonts for the older
blackboard-bold glyphs to CTAN, to the fonts/msym10 directory. As of this
writing, however, there are no LATEX 2 packages for utilizing the now-obsolete
glyphs.

120
4 Science and technology symbols

This section lists symbols that are employed in various branches of science and engineering.

Table 308: gensymb Symbols Defined to Work in Both Math and Text Mode
\celsius \micro \perthousand
\degree \ohm

Table 309: wasysym Electrical and Physical Symbols

: \AC @ \VHF :::: \photon : \HF QPPPPPPR \gluon

Table 310: ifsym Pulse Diagram Symbols

! ' % "
& $ #
\FallingEdge \LongPulseLow \PulseLow \ShortPulseHigh
\LongPulseHigh \PulseHigh \RaisingEdge \ShortPulseLow

In addition, within \textifsym{. . .}, the following codes are valid:

l l m m h h d d < < > >

L L M M H H D D = << ? >>

This enables one to write \textifsym{mm<DDD>mm} to get mm<DDD>mm

or
\textifsym{L|H|L|H|L} to get L|H|L|H|L
. See also the timing package,
which provides a wide variety of pulse-diagram symbols within an environment
designed specifically for typesetting pulse diagrams.

Finally, \textifsym supports the display of segmented digits, as would

appear on an LCD: \textifsym{-123.456} produces . -123.456
\textifsym{b} outputs a blank with the same width as an . 8

Table 311: ar Aspect Ratio Symbol

A \AR

Table 312: textcomp Text-mode Science and Engineering Symbols

\textcelsius \textmho \textmu \textohm

121
 Table 313: steinmetz Extensible Phasor Symbol
\phase{abc}

The \phase command uses the pict2e package to draw a horizontally and
vertically scalable Steinmetz phasor symbol. Consequently, \phase works only
with those TEX backends supported by pict2e. See the pict2e documentation
for more information.

Table 314: emf Electromotive Force Symbols

E \emf with package option boondox (default)
E \emf with package option cal*
E \emf with package option calligra
E \emf with package option chorus
\emf with package option cmr
E \emf with package option fourier
E \emf with package option frcursive
E \emf with package option miama
\emf with package option rsfs

*
With the cal package option, \emf uses \mathcal. Hence, the depiction of E
depends on the currently loaded math font.

Table 315: wasysym Astronomical Symbols

' \mercury \earth X \jupiter Z \uranus \ \pluto

\venus \mars Y \saturn [ \neptune

\astrosun # \fullmoon $ \leftmoon \newmoon % \rightmoon

 \aries _ \cancer a \libra e \aquarius

] \taurus  \leo b \scorpio d \capricornus
^ \gemini ` \virgo c \sagittarius f \pisces

 \ascnode  \descnode V \conjunction W \opposition  \vernal

Table 316: marvosym Astronomical Symbols

\Mercury \Earth \Jupiter \Uranus \Pluto
\Venus \Mars \Saturn \Neptune

\Moon \Sun

\Aries \Cancer \Libra \Capricorn

\Taurus \Leo \Scorpio \Aquarius
\Gemini \Virgo \Sagittarius \Pisces

Note that \Aries . . . \Pisces can also be specified with \Zodiac{1} . . .

\Zodiac{12}.

122
 Table 317: fontawesome Astronomical Symbols
{ \faMars  \faMoonO \faVenus
| \faMercury \faSunO

Table 318: mathabx Astronomical Symbols

A \Mercury C \Earth E \Jupiter G \Uranus I \Pluto
B \Venus D \Mars F \Saturn H \Neptune J \varEarth

M \fullmoon K \leftmoon N \newmoon L \rightmoon @ \Sun

P \Aries Q \Taurus R \Gemini

mathabx also defines \girl as an alias for \Venus, \boy as an alias for \Mars,
and \Moon as an alias for \leftmoon.

Table 319: stix Astronomical Symbols

\astrosun \leftmoon \rightmoon \sun

123
 Table 320: starfont Astronomical Symbols
f \Mercury h \Mars F \Uranus l \varTerra
g \Venus j \Jupiter G \Neptune A \varUranus
L \Terra S \Saturn J \Pluto H \varPluto

s \Sun d \Moon a \varMoon

\Cupido \Zeus \Apollon \Vulkanus

\Hades \Kronos \Admetos \Poseidon

\Lilith k \NorthNode ? \SouthNode

+ \Amor @ \Eros ; \Juno \Sappho

\Ceres % \Hidalgo : \Pallas \Vesta
D \Chiron \Hygiea \Psyche

K \Fortune

x \Aries n \Leo V \Sagittarius Z \varCapricorn

c \Taurus m \Virgo B \Capricorn
v \Gemini X \Libra N \Aquarius
b \Cancer C \Scorpio M \Pisces

q \Conjunction t \Square w \Semisextile

p \Opposition r \Sextile e \Semisquare
u \Trine o \Quincunx i \Sesquiquadrate

1 \ASC \EastPoint 3 \MC

2 \DSC 4 \IC ! \Vertex

7 \Direct 5 \Retrograde 6 \Station

\Air \Earth \Fire \Water

0 \Natal \Pentagram ) \Radix

Table 321: wasysym APL Symbols

~ \APLbox
~ \APLinv E \APLstar
 \APLcomment p \APLleftarrowbox \APLup
F \APLdown  \APLlog n \APLuparrowbox
o \APLdownarrowbox \APLminus
\notbackslash
} \APLinput q \APLrightarrowbox
/ \notslash

\APLcirc{a}
\APLnot{a} | \APLvert{a}

Table 322: stix APL Symbols

\APLboxquestion \APLnotbackslash
\APLboxupcaret \APLnotslash

124
 Table 323: apl APL Symbols
| \AB  \DD | \GD  \LK  \PD ^ \UA G \ZG Q \ZQ
 \AM  \DE  \GE  \LO '

\QQ  \US H \ZH R \ZR
\ \BL  \DL  \GO  \LU } \RB  \UU I \ZI S \ZS

\BX \DM | \GU  \NE  \RK 
 \XQ J \ZJ T \ZT
\
- \CB %

\DQ  \IB  \NG  \RO A \ZA K \ZK U \ZU
 \CE  \DU \IO & \NN  \RU B \ZB L \ZL V \ZV
 \CO  \EN { \LB  \NR | \RV C \ZC M \ZM W \ZW

- \CR  \EP  \LD  \NT  \SO D \ZD N \ZN X \ZX
/- \CS  \FL
\LE  \OM SS \SS E \ZE O \ZO Y \ZY
 \DA 
 \FM * \LG  \OR \ \TR F \ZF P \ZP Z \ZZ

Table 324: marvosym Computer Hardware Symbols

\ComputerMouse \ParallelPort \SerialInterface
\Keyboard \Printer \SerialPort

Table 325: keystroke Computer Keys

Alt \Alt Enter \Enter* PrtSc \PrtSc*
AltGr \AltGr Esc \Esc* \RArrow
Break \Break* Home \Home* \Return
\BSpace Ins \Ins* Scroll \Scroll*
Ctrl \Ctrl* \LArrow Shift \Shift*
\DArrow Num \NumLock \Spacebar
Del \Del* Page \PgDown*


\Tab
End \End* Page \PgUp* \UArrow

*
Changes based on the language option passed to the keystroke package. For
example, the german option makes \Del produce Entf instead of Del .

These symbols utilize the rotating package and therefore display improperly in
most DVI viewers.
The \keystroke command draws a key with an arbitrary label. For example,
\keystroke{F7} produces F7 .

125
 Table 326: ascii Control Characters (CP437)
\SOH \BS \SI \SYN \GS
\STX \HT \DLE \ETB \RS
\ETX \LF \DCa \CAN  \US
\EOT \VT \DCb \EM
\ENQ \FF \DCc \SUB
\ACK 
- \CR \DCd \ESC
\BEL  \SO \NAK \FS

\DEL \NBSP \NUL \splitvert

Code Page 437 (CP437), which was first utilized by the original IBM PC, uses
the symbols \SOH through \US to depict ASCII characters 131 and \DEL to
depict ASCII character 127. The \NUL symbol, not part of CP437, represents
ASCII character 0. \NBSP, also not part of CP437, represents a nonbreaking
space. \splitvert is merely the | character drawn as it was on the IBM PC.

Table 327: logic Logic Gates

 \ANDd  \BUFu  \NANDl

\ORd

 \ANDl \BusWidth  \NANDr  \ORl

\ANDr  \INVd  \NANDu \ORr

 \ANDu  \INVl  \NORd  \ORu

 \BUFd  \INVr  \NORl

 \BUFl  \INVu \NORr

 \BUFr  \NANDd  \NORu

The logic package implements the digital logic-gate symbols specified by

the U.S. Department of Defenses MIL-STD-806 standard. Note that
on CTAN, the package is called logic, but the package is loaded using
\usepackage{milstd}. (There was already acompletely unrelatedmilstd
package on CTAN at the time of logics release.) Consequently, package details
are listed under milstd in Table 532 and Table 533 on page 231.

Table 328: marvosym Communication Symbols

k \Email t \fax v \Faxmachine E \Lightning A \Pickup
z \EmailCT u \FAX B \Letter H \Mobilefone T \Telefon

126
 Table 329: marvosym Engineering Symbols
" \Beam l \Force \Octosteel \RoundedTTsteel
# \Bearing \Hexasteel \Rectpipe \Squarepipe
\Circpipe & \Lefttorque \Rectsteel \Squaresteel
\Circsteel L \Lineload ' \Righttorque \Tsteel
% \Fixedbearing $ \Loosebearing \RoundedLsteel* \TTsteel
\Flatsteel \Lsteel \RoundedTsteel*
*
\RoundedLsteel and \RoundedTsteel seem to be swapped, at least in the
2000/05/01 version of marvosym.

Table 330: wasysym Biological Symbols

\female \male

Table 331: stix Biological Symbols

\female \male
\Hermaphrodite \neuter

Table 332: marvosym Biological Symbols

\FEMALE \FemaleMale | \Male { \Neutral
~ \Female } \Hermaphrodite \MALE
\FemaleFemale \HERMAPHRODITE \MaleMale

Table 333: fontawesome Biological Symbols

\faGenderless \faMarsStrokeH ~ \faTransgenderAlt
{ \faMars \faMarsStrokeV \faVenus
\faMarsDouble \faNeuter  \faVenusDouble
\faMarsStroke } \faTransgender \faVenusMars

fontawesome defines \faIntersex as a synonym for \faTransgender

Table 334: marvosym Safety-related Symbols

h \Biohazard C \CEsign ` \Explosionsafe j \Radioactivity
n \BSEfree J \Estatically a \Laserbeam ! \Stopsign

127
 Table 335: feyn Feynman Diagram Symbols

\bigbosonloop \hfermion \smallbosonloopV

\bigbosonloopA \shfermion \wfermion

\bigbosonloopV \smallbosonloop \whfermion

\gvcropped \smallbosonloopA

\feyn{a} \feyn{fu} \feyn{glS} \feyn{hs}

\feyn{c} \feyn{fv} \feyn{glu} \feyn{hu}

{ \feyn{f} } \feyn{g} \feyn{gu} \feyn{m}

\feyn{fd} \feyn{g1} \feyn{gv} \feyn{ms}

\feyn{fl} \feyn{gd} \feyn{gvs} \feyn{p}

\feyn{flS} \feyn{gl} \feyn{h} \feyn{P}

\feyn{fs} \feyn{glB} | \feyn{hd} S \feyn{x}

All other arguments to the \feyn command produce a symbol.

The feyn package provides various commands for composing the preceding
symbols into complete Feynman diagrams. See the feyn documentation for
examples and additional information.

Table 336: svrsymbols Physics Ideograms

\adsorbate \experimentalsym \protein

\adsorbent \externalsym \proton
\antimuon \fermiDistrib \quadrupole
\antineutrino \fermion \quark
\antineutron \Gluon \quarkb
\antiproton \graphene \quarkc
\antiquark \graviton \quarkd
\antiquarkb \hbond \quarks
\antiquarkc \Higgsboson \quarkt
\antiquarkd \hole \quarku
\antiquarks \interaction \reference
\antiquarkt \internalsym \resistivity
\antiquarku \ion \rhomesonminus
\anyon \ionicbond \rhomesonnull
\assumption \Jpsimeson \rhomesonplus
\atom \Kaonminus \solid
\bigassumption \Kaonnull \spin
\Bigassumption \Kaonplus \spindown
\biggassumption \magnon \spinup

(continued on next page)

128
(continued from previous page)

\Bmesonminus \maxwellDistrib \surface

\Bmesonnull \metalbond \svrexample
\Bmesonplus \method \svrphoton
\bond \muon \tachyon
\boseDistrib \neutrino \tauleptonminus
\boson \neutron \tauleptonplus
\conductivity \nucleus \Tmesonminus
\covbond \orbit \Tmesonnull
\dipole \phimeson \Tmesonplus
\Dmesonminus \phimesonnull \triplecovbond
\Dmesonnull \phonon \Upsilonmeson
\Dmesonplus \pionminus \varphoton
\doublecovbond \pionnull \water
\electron \pionplus \Wboson
\errorsym \plasmon \Wbosonminus
\etameson \polariton \Wbosonplus
\etamesonprime \polaron \Zboson
\exciton \positron

129
5 Dingbats

Dingbats are symbols such as stars, arrows, and geometric shapes. They are commonly used as bullets
in itemized lists or, more generally, as a means to draw attention to the text that follows.
The pifont dingbat package warrants special mention. Among other capabilities, pifont provides a
LATEX interface to the Zapf Dingbats font (one of the standard 35 PostScript fonts). However, rather than
name each of the dingbats individually, pifont merely provides a single \ding command, which outputs
the character that lies at a given position in the font. The consequence is that the pifont symbols cant
be listed by name in this documents index, so be mindful of that fact when searching for a particular
symbol.

Table 337: bbding Arrows

y z x
{ w
\ArrowBoldDownRight \ArrowBoldRightShort \ArrowBoldUpRight
\ArrowBoldRightCircled \ArrowBoldRightStrobe

Table 338: pifont Arrows

\ding{212} \ding{221} \ding{230} \ding{239} \ding{249}
\ding{213} \ding{222} \ding{231} \ding{241} \ding{250}
\ding{214} \ding{223} \ding{232} \ding{242} \ding{251}
\ding{215} \ding{224} \ding{233} \ding{243} \ding{252}
\ding{216} \ding{225} \ding{234} \ding{244} \ding{253}
\ding{217} \ding{226} \ding{235} \ding{245} \ding{254}
\ding{218} \ding{227} \ding{236} \ding{246}
\ding{219} \ding{228} \ding{237} \ding{247}
\ding{220} \ding{229} \ding{238} \ding{248}

Table 339: adfsymbols Arrows

C \adfarrowe1 J \adfarrowne1 E \adfarrows1 F \adfarrowsw1
K \adfarrowe2 R \adfarrowne2 M \adfarrows2 N \adfarrowsw2
S \adfarrowe3 Z \adfarrowne3 U \adfarrows3 V \adfarrowsw3
c \adfarrowe4 j \adfarrowne4 e \adfarrows4 f \adfarrowsw4
k \adfarrowe5 r \adfarrowne5 m \adfarrows5 n \adfarrowsw5
s \adfarrowe6 z \adfarrowne6 u \adfarrows6 v \adfarrowsw6
I \adfarrown1 H \adfarrownw1 D \adfarrowse1 G \adfarroww1
Q \adfarrown2 P \adfarrownw2 L \adfarrowse2 O \adfarroww2
Y \adfarrown3 X \adfarrownw3 T \adfarrowse3 W \adfarroww3
i \adfarrown4 h \adfarrownw4 d \adfarrowse4 g \adfarroww4
q \adfarrown5 p \adfarrownw5 l \adfarrowse5 o \adfarroww5
y \adfarrown6 x \adfarrownw6 t \adfarrowse6 w \adfarroww6

B \adfhalfarrowleft A \adfhalfarrowright
b \adfhalfarrowleftsolid a \adfhalfarrowrightsolid

Technically, the digit at the end of each \adfarrowdir digit command is a

macro argument, not part of the command name.

The preceding symbols can also be produced by passing a number or

a style/direction pair to the \adfarrow command. For example, both
\adfarrow{19} and \adfarrow[comic]{east} produce S. See the adf-
symbols documentation for more information.

130
 Table 340: adforn Arrows
{ \adfhalfleftarrow ) \adfhalfrightarrowhead
( \adfhalfleftarrowhead [ \adfleftarrowhead
} \adfhalfrightarrow ] \adfrightarrowhead

Table 341: arev Arrows

\arrowbullet

Table 342: fontawesome Arrows

\faArrowCircleDown \faArrowDown \faLongArrowDown
\faArrowCircleLeft \faArrowLeft \faLongArrowLeft
H \faArrowCircleODown \faArrowRight \faLongArrowRight
\faArrowCircleOLeft \faArrows \faLongArrowUp

\faArrowCircleORight \faArrowsAlt \faRepeat
d \faArrowCircleOUp \faArrowsH < \faUndo
\faArrowCircleRight \faArrowsV
\faArrowCircleUp \faArrowUp

fontawesome defines \faRotateLeft as a synonym for \faUndo and

\faRotateRight as a synonym for \faRepeat.

Table 343: fontawesome Chevrons

! \faChevronCircleDown $ \faChevronCircleUp \faChevronRight
" \faChevronCircleLeft  \faChevronDown % \faChevronUp
# \faChevronCircleRight  \faChevronLeft

Table 344: marvosym Scissors

q \CutLeft R \CuttingLine S \RightScissors
s \CutRight Q \LeftScissors

Table 345: bbding Scissors

 


\ScissorHollowLeft \ScissorLeftBrokenTop


\ScissorHollowRight \ScissorRight

 
\ScissorLeft \ScissorRightBrokenBottom
\ScissorLeftBrokenBottom \ScissorRightBrokenTop

Table 346: pifont Scissors

! \ding{33} " \ding{34} # \ding{35} $ \ding{36}

131
 Table 347: dingbat Pencils

W \largepencil P \smallpencil

Table 348: arev Pencils

\pencil

Table 349: fontawesome Pencils

\faPencil M \faPencilSquare L \faPencilSquareO

Table 350: bbding Pencils and Nibs

  
  
\NibLeft \PencilLeft \PencilRightDown


\NibRight \PencilLeftDown \PencilRightUp

 
\NibSolidLeft \PencilLeftUp
\NibSolidRight \PencilRight

Table 351: pifont Pencils and Nibs

. \ding{46} / \ding{47} 0 \ding{48} 1 \ding{49} 2 \ding{50}

Table 352: dingbat Fists

R \leftpointright L \rightpointleft N \rightpointright

D \leftthumbsdown d \rightthumbsdown
U \leftthumbsup u \rightthumbsup

Table 353: bbding Fists

  
  
\HandCuffLeft \HandCuffRightUp \HandPencilLeft

 
\HandCuffLeftUp \HandLeft \HandRight
\HandCuffRight \HandLeftUp \HandRightUp

Table 354: pifont Fists

* \ding{42} + \ding{43} , \ding{44} - \ding{45}

132
 Table 355: fourier Fists
t \lefthand u \righthand

Table 356: arev Fists

\pointright

Table 357: fontawesome Fists

\faHandLizardO \faHandPaperO \faHandSpockO
\faHandODown \faHandPeaceO  \faThumbsDown
\faHandOLeft \faHandPointerO , \faThumbsODown
\faHandORight \faHandRockO - \faThumbsOUp
\faHandOUp \faHandScissorsO  \faThumbsUp

fontawesome defines \faHandGrabO as a synonym for \faHandRockO and

\faHandStopO as a synonym for \faHandPaperO.

Table 358: bbding Crosses and Plusses

* + &
- , )
\Cross \CrossOpenShadow \PlusOutline

4 '
\CrossBoldOutline \CrossOutline \PlusThinCenterOpen

. (
\CrossClowerTips \Plus
\CrossMaltese \PlusCenterOpen

Table 359: pifont Crosses and Plusses

9 \ding{57} ; \ding{59} = \ding{61} ? \ding{63}
: \ding{58} < \ding{60} > \ding{62} @ \ding{64}

Table 360: adfsymbols Crosses and Plusses

D \adfbullet{4} F \adfbullet{6} H \adfbullet{8} J \adfbullet{10}
E \adfbullet{5} G \adfbullet{7} I \adfbullet{9}

Table 361: arev Crosses

\eastcross \westcross

Table 362: bbding Xs and Check Marks

! # %
" $
\Checkmark \XSolid \XSolidBrush
\CheckmarkBold \XSolidBold

133
 Table 363: pifont Xs and Check Marks
3 \ding{51} 5 \ding{53} 7 \ding{55}
4 \ding{52} 6 \ding{54} 8 \ding{56}

Table 364: wasysym Xs and Check Marks

2
 \CheckedBox  \Square 4 \XBox

Table 365: marvosym Xs and Check Marks

V \Checkedbox X \CrossedBox* O \HollowBox

*
marvosym defines \Crossedbox as a synonym for \CrossedBox.

Table 366: arev Xs and Check Marks

\ballotcheck \ballotx

Table 367: fontawesome Xs and Check Marks

\faCheck  \faCheckSquare \faTimesCircle
\faCheckCircle  \faCheckSquareO \faTimesCircleO
\faCheckCircleO \faTimes*
*
fontawesome defines both \faClose and \faRemove as synonyms for \faTimes.

Table 368: pifont Circled Numerals

\ding{172} \ding{182} \ding{192} \ding{202}
\ding{173} \ding{183} \ding{193} \ding{203}
\ding{174} \ding{184} \ding{194} \ding{204}
\ding{175} \ding{185} \ding{195} \ding{205}
\ding{176} \ding{186} \ding{196} \ding{206}
\ding{177} \ding{187} \ding{197} \ding{207}
\ding{178} \ding{188} \ding{198} \ding{208}
\ding{179} \ding{189} \ding{199} \ding{209}
\ding{180} \ding{190} \ding{200} \ding{210}
\ding{181} \ding{191} \ding{201} \ding{211}

pifont (part of the psnfss package) provides a dingautolist environment which

resembles enumerate but uses circled numbers as bullets.4 See the psnfss
documentation for more information.

4 In fact, dingautolist can use any set of consecutive Zapf Dingbats symbols.

134
 Table 369: wasysym Stars
C \davidsstar A \hexstar B \varhexstar

Table 370: bbding Stars, Flowers, and Similar Shapes

N P 2
A 8 3
\Asterisk \FiveFlowerPetal \JackStar

B ; O
\AsteriskBold \FiveStar \JackStarBold

X ? U
\AsteriskCenterOpen \FiveStarCenterOpen \SixFlowerAlternate

C 7 M
\AsteriskRoundedEnds \FiveStarConvex \SixFlowerAltPetal

D 9 Q
\AsteriskThin \FiveStarLines \SixFlowerOpenCenter

0 : L
\AsteriskThinCenterOpen \FiveStarOpen \SixFlowerPetalDotted

/ < [
\DavidStar \FiveStarOpenCircled \SixFlowerPetalRemoved

Z = G
\DavidStarSolid \FiveStarOpenDotted \SixFlowerRemovedOpenPetal

S > K
\EightAsterisk \FiveStarOutline \SixStar

Y @ `
\EightFlowerPetal \FiveStarOutlineHeavy \SixteenStarLight

H 1 ^
\EightFlowerPetalRemoved \FiveStarShadow \Snowflake

I V _
\EightStar \FourAsterisk \SnowflakeChevron

F W ]
\EightStarBold \FourClowerOpen \SnowflakeChevronBold

E 5 \
\EightStarConvex \FourClowerSolid \Sparkle

R 6 J
\EightStarTaper \FourStar \SparkleBold
\FiveFlowerOpen \FourStarOpen \TwelweStar

Table 371: pifont Stars, Flowers, and Similar Shapes

A \ding{65} J \ding{74} S \ding{83} \ \ding{92} e \ding{101}
B \ding{66} K \ding{75} T \ding{84} ] \ding{93} f \ding{102}
C \ding{67} L \ding{76} U \ding{85} ^ \ding{94} g \ding{103}
D \ding{68} M \ding{77} V \ding{86} _ \ding{95} h \ding{104}
E \ding{69} N \ding{78} W \ding{87} ` \ding{96} i \ding{105}
F \ding{70} O \ding{79} X \ding{88} a \ding{97} j \ding{106}
G \ding{71} P \ding{80} Y \ding{89} b \ding{98} k \ding{107}
H \ding{72} Q \ding{81} Z \ding{90} c \ding{99}
I \ding{73} R \ding{82} [ \ding{91} d \ding{100}

Table 372: adfsymbols Stars, Flowers, and Similar Shapes

A \adfbullet{1} M \adfbullet{13} R \adfbullet{18} W \adfbullet{23}
B \adfbullet{2} N \adfbullet{14} S \adfbullet{19} X \adfbullet{24}
C \adfbullet{3} O \adfbullet{15} T \adfbullet{20} Y \adfbullet{25}
K \adfbullet{11} P \adfbullet{16} U \adfbullet{21} Z \adfbullet{26}
L \adfbullet{12} Q \adfbullet{17} V \adfbullet{22}

Table 373: adforn Stars

0 \adfast{1} 2 \adfast{3} 4 \adfast{5} 6 \adfast{7} 8 \adfast{9}
1 \adfast{2} 3 \adfast{4} 5 \adfast{6} 7 \adfast{8} 9 \adfast{10}

135
 Table 374: fontawesome Stars
 \faStar  \faStarHalf  \faStarHalfO  \faStarO

fontawesome defines both \faStarHalfEmpty and \faStarHalfFull as syn-

onyms for \faStarHalfO.

Table 375: fourier Fleurons and Flowers

o \aldine X \decoone c \floweroneright
m \aldineleft ] \decosix g \leafleft
n \aldineright Y \decothreeleft f \leafNE
j \aldinesmall Z \decothreeright h \leafright
[ \decofourleft a \decotwo d \starredbullet
\ \decofourright b \floweroneleft

Table 376: adforn Fleurons and Flowers

r \adfdownhalfleafleft
x \adfdownleafleft
l \adfflatdownhalfleafleft
m \adfflatdownoutlineleafleft
u \adfflatleafleft
n \adfflatleafoutlineleft
v \adfflatleafsolidleft
q \adfflowerleft
< \adfhalfleafleft
s \adfhangingflatleafleft
T \adfhangingleafleft
w \adfleafleft
o \adfoutlineleafleft
z \adfsmallhangingleafleft
y \adfsmallleafleft
p \adfsolidleafleft
R \adfdownhalfleafright
X \adfdownleafright
L \adfflatdownhalfleafright
M \adfflatdownoutlineleafright
U \adfflatleafright
N \adfflatleafoutlineright
V \adfflatleafsolidright
Q \adfflowerright
> \adfhalfleafright
S \adfhangingflatleafright
t \adfhangingleafright
W \adfleafright
O \adfoutlineleafright
Z \adfsmallhangingleafright
Y \adfsmallleafright
P \adfsolidleafright

Table 377: wasysym Geometric Shapes

# \Circle #
G \LEFTcircle 8 \octagon #
H \RIGHTcircle
\CIRCLE G \LEFTCIRCLE D \pentagon H \RIGHTCIRCLE
7 \hexagon I \Leftcircle J \Rightcircle 9 \varhexagon

Table 378: MnSymbol Geometric Shapes

\filledlargestar \largelozenge \medlozenge
\filledlozenge \largepentagram \medstarofdavid
\filledmedlozenge \largesquare \smalllozenge
\largecircle \largestar
\largediamond \largestarofdavid

MnSymbol defines \bigcirc as a synonym for \largecircle; \bigstar as a

synonym for \filledlargestar; \lozenge as a synonym for \medlozenge;
and, \blacklozenge as a synonym for \filledmedlozenge.

136
 Table 379: fdsymbol Geometric Shapes
\largeblackcircle _ \largetriangledown \medlozenge
\largeblacksquare ^ \largetriangleup \smallblacklozenge
\largeblackstar \largewhitestar \smalllozenge
\largecircle \lozengeminus \starofdavid
\largesquare \medblacklozenge

fdsymbol defines synonyms for almost all of the preceding symbols:

\bigcirc \lgblksquare \mdlgwhtlozenge
\bigstar \lgwhtcircle \mdwhtlozenge
_ \bigtriangledown \lgwhtsquare \smblklozenge
^ \bigtriangleup \lozenge \smwhtlozenge
\blacklozenge \mdblklozenge
\lgblkcircle \mdlgblklozenge

Table 380: boisik Geometric Shapes

\bigstar } \diamond \triangledown
\blacklozenge \lozenge \triangleleft
\blacksquare \lozengedot \triangleright
\blacktriangle \square \varlrttriangle
\blacktriangledown \star

Table 381: stix Geometric Shapes

\acwopencirclearrow \downtriangleleftblack \smalltriangleleft

\barovernorthwestarrow \downtrianglerightblack \smalltriangleright
\benzenr \enclosecircle \smblkdiamond
\bigblacktriangledown \enclosediamond \smblklozenge
\bigblacktriangleup \enclosesquare \smblksquare
\bigstar \enclosetriangle \smwhitestar
\bigtriangledown \errbarblackcircle \smwhtcircle
\bigtriangleleft \errbarblackdiamond \smwhtdiamond
\bigtriangleup \errbarblacksquare \smwhtlozenge
\bigwhitestar \errbarcircle \smwhtsquare
\blackcircledownarrow \errbardiamond \sqlozenge
\blackcircledrightdot \errbarsquare \squarebotblack
\blackcircledtwodots \fisheye \squarecrossfill
\blackcircleulquadwhite \fltns \squarehfill
\blackdiamonddownarrow \hexagon \squarehvfill
\blackinwhitediamond \hexagonblack \squareleftblack
\blackinwhitesquare \house \squarellblack
\blacklefthalfcircle \hrectangle \squarellquad
\blacklozenge \hrectangleblack \squarelrblack
\blackpointerleft \inversewhitecircle \squarelrquad
\blackpointerright \invwhitelowerhalfcircle \squareneswfill
\blackrighthalfcircle \invwhiteupperhalfcircle \squarenwsefill

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137
(continued from previous page)

\blacktriangle \lgblkcircle \squarerightblack

\blacktriangledown \lgblksquare \squaretopblack
\blacktriangleleft \lgwhtcircle \squareulblack
\blacktriangleright \lgwhtsquare \squareulquad
\blkhorzoval \llblacktriangle \squareurblack
\blkvertoval \lltriangle \squareurquad
\botsemicircle \lrblacktriangle \squarevfill
\boxonbox \lrtriangle \squoval
\bullseye \mdblkcircle \topsemicircle
\circ \mdblkdiamond \trapezium
\circlebottomhalfblack \mdblklozenge \trianglecdot
\circledbullet \mdblksquare \triangledown
\circledownarrow \mdlgblkcircle \triangleleftblack
\circledrightdot \mdlgblkdiamond \triangleodot
\circledstar \mdlgblksquare \trianglerightblack
\circledtwodots \mdlgwhtdiamond \triangles
\circledwhitebullet \mdlgwhtlozenge \triangleubar
\circlelefthalfblack \mdlgwhtsquare \ulblacktriangle
\circlellquad \mdsmblkcircle \ultriangle
\circlelrquad \mdsmblksquare \uparrowoncircle
\circlerighthalfblack \mdsmwhtcircle \urblacktriangle
\circletophalfblack \mdsmwhtsquare \urtriangle
\circleulquad \mdwhtcircle \varhexagon
\circleurquad \mdwhtdiamond \varhexagonblack
\circleurquadblack \mdwhtlozenge \varhexagonlrbonds
\circlevertfill \mdwhtsquare \varlrtriangle
\cirE \medblackstar \varstar
\cirscir \medwhitestar \vrectangle
\cwopencirclearrow \parallelogram \vrectangleblack
\diamondbotblack \parallelogramblack \vysmblksquare
\diamondcdot \pentagon \vysmwhtsquare
\diamondleftblack \pentagonblack \whiteinwhitetriangle
\diamondrightblack \rightpentagon \whitepointerleft
\diamondtopblack \rightpentagonblack \whitepointerright
\dottedcircle \smallblacktriangleleft \whthorzoval
\dottedsquare \smallblacktriangleright \whtvertoval

stix defines \diamond as a synonym for \smwhtdiamond, \blacksquare

as a synonym for \mdlgblksquare, \square and \Box as synonyms
for \mdlgwhtsquare, \triangle and \varbigtriangleup as synonyms
for \bigtriangleup, \rhd as a synonym for \vartriangleright,
\varbigtriangledown as a synonym for \bigtriangledown, \lhd as a syn-
onym for \vartriangleleft, \Diamond and \lozenge as synonyms for
\mglgwhtlozenge, \bigcirc as a synonym for \mglgwhtcircle, \circ as
a synonym for \smwhtcircle. and \mdlgblklozenge as a synonym for
\blacklozenge.

138
 Table 382: ifsym Geometric Shapes

% \BigCircle T \FilledBigTriangleRight E \SmallCircle

\BigCross
& \BigDiamondshape
 \BigHBar
_ \BigLowerDiamond
/ \BigRightDiamond
\BigSquare
# \BigTriangleDown
" \BigTriangleLeft
$ \BigTriangleRight
! \BigTriangleUp
 \BigVBar
5 \Circle
 \Cross
 \DiamondShadowA
 \DiamondShadowB
 \DiamondShadowC
6 \Diamondshape
U \FilledBigCircle
V \FilledBigDiamondshape
P \FilledBigSquare
S \FilledBigTriangleDown
R \FilledBigTriangleLeft
Q \FilledBigTriangleUp  \SmallCross
e \FilledCircle F \SmallDiamondshape
 \FilledDiamondShadowA  \SmallHBar
\FilledDiamondShadowC  \SmallLowerDiamond
f \FilledDiamondshape O \SmallRightDiamond
u \FilledSmallCircle @ \SmallSquare
v \FilledSmallDiamondshape C \SmallTriangleDown
p \FilledSmallSquare B \SmallTriangleLeft
s \FilledSmallTriangleDown D \SmallTriangleRight
r \FilledSmallTriangleLeft A \SmallTriangleUp
t \FilledSmallTriangleRight  \SmallVBar
q \FilledSmallTriangleUp * \SpinDown
` \FilledSquare ) \SpinUp
 \FilledSquareShadowA 0 \Square
 \FilledSquareShadowC \SquareShadowA
c \FilledTriangleDown
\SquareShadowB
b \FilledTriangleLeft  \SquareShadowC
d \FilledTriangleRight 3 \TriangleDown
a \FilledTriangleUp 2 \TriangleLeft
 \HBar 4 \TriangleRight
o \LowerDiamond 1 \TriangleUp
? \RightDiamond  \VBar

The ifsym documentation points out that one can use \rlap to combine
some of the above into useful, new symbols. For example, \BigCircle and
u%
\FilledSmallCircle combine to give . Likewise, \Square and \Cross
0
combine to give . See Section 10.3 for more information about constructing
new symbols out of existing symbols.

Table 383: bbding Geometric Shapes

d u j
a v i
\CircleShadow \Rectangle \SquareShadowTopLeft

p t g
\CircleSolid \RectangleBold \SquareShadowTopRight

b f o
\DiamondSolid \RectangleThin \SquareSolid

e k n
\Ellipse \Square \TriangleDown

c m
\EllipseShadow \SquareCastShadowBottomRight \TriangleUp

s l
\EllipseSolid \SquareCastShadowTopLeft

r h
\HalfCircleLeft \SquareCastShadowTopRight
\HalfCircleRight \SquareShadowBottomRight

139
 Table 384: pifont Geometric Shapes
l \ding{108} o \ding{111} r \ding{114} u \ding{117} y \ding{121}
m \ding{109} p \ding{112} s \ding{115} w \ding{119} z \ding{122}
n \ding{110} q \ding{113} t \ding{116} x \ding{120}

Table 385: universa Geometric Shapes

\baucircle \bausquare \bautriangle

Table 386: adfsymbols Geometric Shapes

a \adfbullet{27}
b \adfbullet{28}
c \adfbullet{29}
d \adfbullet{30}
e \adfbullet{31}
f \adfbullet{32} q \adfbullet{43} v \adfbullet{48}
g \adfbullet{33} r \adfbullet{44} w \adfbullet{49}
h \adfbullet{34} s \adfbullet{45} x \adfbullet{50}
o \adfbullet{41} t \adfbullet{46} y \adfbullet{51}
p \adfbullet{42} u \adfbullet{47} z \adfbullet{52}

Table 387: fontawesome Geometric Shapes

\faCircle ; \faCircleONotch \faDotCircleO  \faSquareO
\faCircleO A \faCircleThin \faSquare

Table 388: LATEX 2 Playing-Card Suits

\clubsuit \diamondsuit \heartsuit \spadesuit

Table 389: txfonts/pxfonts Playing-Card Suits

p \varclubsuit q \vardiamondsuit r \varheartsuit s \varspadesuit

Table 390: MnSymbol Playing-Card Suits

\clubsuit \diamondsuit \heartsuit \spadesuit

Table 391: fdsymbol Playing-Card Suits

\clubsuit \heartsuit \vardiamondsuit
\diamondsuit \spadesuit \varheartsuit

Table 392: boisik Playing-Card Suits

\clubsuit \diamondsuit \heartsuit \spadesuit

140
 Table 393: stix Playing-Card Suits
\clubsuit \heartsuit \varclubsuit \varheartsuit
\diamondsuit \spadesuit \vardiamondsuit \varspadesuit

Table 394: arev Playing-Card Suits

\varclub \vardiamond \varheart \varspade

Table 395: adforn Flourishes

C \adfclosedflourishleft
D \adfdoubleflourishleft
I \adfdoublesharpflourishleft
E \adfflourishleft
F \adfflourishleftdouble
B \adfopenflourishleft
H \adfsharpflourishleft
J \adfsickleflourishleft
G \adfsingleflourishleft
K \adftripleflourishleft
A \adfwavesleft
c \adfclosedflourishright
d \adfdoubleflourishright
i \adfdoublesharpflourishright
e \adfflourishright
f \adfflourishrightdouble
b \adfopenflourishright
h \adfsharpflourishright
j \adfsickleflourishright
g \adfsingleflourishright
k \adftripleflourishright
a \adfwavesright

Table 396: Miscellaneous dingbat Dingbats

O E S
C B
\anchor \eye \Sborder
C
D I Z
\carriagereturn \filledsquarewithdots \squarewithdots
\checkmark \satellitedish \Zborder

Table 397: Miscellaneous bbding Dingbats

  T
q  

\Envelope \Peace \PhoneHandset \SunshineOpenCircled

\OrnamentDiamondSolid \Phone \Plane \Tape

Table 398: Miscellaneous pifont Dingbats

% \ding{37} ( \ding{40} \ding{164} \ding{167} \ding{171}
& \ding{38} ) \ding{41} \ding{165} \ding{168} \ding{169}
' \ding{39} v \ding{118} \ding{166} \ding{170}

Table 399: Miscellaneous adforn Dingbats

\adfbullet = \adfdiamond \adfgee \adfS | \adfsquare

141
6 Ancient languages
This section presents letters and ideograms from various ancient scripts. Some of these symbols may
also be useful in other typesetting contexts because of their pictorial nature.

Table 400: phaistos Symbols from the Phaistos Disk

J \PHarrow e \PHeagle B \PHplumedHead

h \PHbee o \PHflute d \PHram

X \PHbeehive H \PHgaunlet l \PHrosette

R \PHboomerang p \PHgrater P \PHsaw

K \PHbow G \PHhelmet L \PHshield

b \PHbullLeg a \PHhide Y \PHship

D \PHcaptive Z \PHhorn V \PHsling

S \PHcarpentryPlane Q \PHlid r \PHsmallAxe

c \PHcat m \PHlily q \PHstrainer

E \PHchild N \PHmanacles C \PHtattooedHead

M \PHclub O \PHmattock I \PHtiara

W \PHcolumn n \PHoxBack g \PHtunny

U \PHcomb k \PHpapyrus j \PHvine

T \PHdolium A \PHpedestrian s \PHwavyBand

f \PHdove i \PHplaneTree F \PHwoman

Table 401: protosem Proto-Semitic Characters

a \Aaleph E \AAhe k \Akaph s \Asamekh R \AAresh

A \AAaleph z \Azayin K \AAkaph p \Ape S \Ashin
b \Abeth w \Avav l \Alamed P \AApe v \Ahelmet
B \AAbeth H \Aheth L \AAlamed x \Asade V \AAhelmet
g \Agimel h \AAheth m \Amem X \AAsade t \Atav
d \Adaleth T \Ateth n \Anun q \Aqoph
D \AAdaleth y \Ayod o \Aayin Q \AAqoph
e \Ahe Y \AAyod O \AAayin r \Aresh

The protosem package defines abbreviated control sequences for each of the
above. In addition, single-letter shortcuts can be used within the argu-
ment to the \textproto command (e.g., \textproto{Pakyn} produces
Pakyn). See the protosem documentation for more information.

142
 Table 402: hieroglf Hieroglyphics

A \HA I \HI n \Hn T \HT

a \Ha i \Hi O \HO t \Ht
B \HB \Hibl o \Ho \Htongue
b \Hb \Hibp p \Hp U \HU
c \Hc \Hibs P \HP u \Hu
C \HC \Hibw \Hplural V \HV
D \HD J \HJ + \Hplus v \Hv
d \Hd j \Hj Q \HQ \Hvbar
ff \Hdual k \Hk q \Hq w \Hw
e \He K \HK ? \Hquery W \HW
E \HE L \HL R \HR X \HX
f \Hf l \Hl r \Hr x \Hx
F \HF m \Hm s \Hs Y \HY
G \HG M \HM S \HS y \Hy
g \Hg \Hman \Hscribe z \Hz
h \Hh \Hms / \Hslash Z \HZ
H \HH N \HN \Hsv

\Hone 3 \Hhundred 5 \HXthousand 7 \Hmillion

2 \Hten 4 \Hthousand 6 \HCthousand

The hieroglf package defines alternate control sequences and single-letter short-
cuts for each of the above which can be used within the argument to the
\textpmhg command (e.g., \textpmhg{Pakin} produces Pakin).
See the hieroglf documentation for more information.

Table 403: linearA Linear A Script

\LinearAI b \LinearAXCIX  \LinearACXCVII t \LinearACCXCV

\LinearAII c \LinearAC  \LinearACXCVIII u \LinearACCXCVI
 \LinearAIII d \LinearACI  \LinearACXCIX v \LinearACCXCVII
 \LinearAIV e \LinearACII  \LinearACC w \LinearACCXCVIII
 \LinearAV f \LinearACIII  \LinearACCI x \LinearACCXCIX
 \LinearAVI g \LinearACIV  \LinearACCII y \LinearACCC
 \LinearAVII h \LinearACV  \LinearACCIII z \LinearACCCI
 \LinearAVIII i \LinearACVI  \LinearACCIV { \LinearACCCII
 \LinearAIX j \LinearACVII  \LinearACCV | \LinearACCCIII
\LinearAX k \LinearACVIII  \LinearACCVI } \LinearACCCIV

\LinearAXI l \LinearACIX  \LinearACCVII ~ \LinearACCCV

 \LinearAXII m \LinearACX  \LinearACCVIII  \LinearACCCVI
 \LinearAXIII n \LinearACXI  \LinearACCIX \LinearACCCVII

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143
(continued from previous page)
\LinearAXIV o \LinearACXII  \LinearACCX \LinearACCCVIII
 \LinearAXV p \LinearACXIII \LinearACCXI \LinearACCCIX
 \LinearAXVI q \LinearACXIV ! \LinearACCXII \LinearACCCX
 \LinearAXVII r \LinearACXV " \LinearACCXIII \LinearACCCXI
 \LinearAXVIII s \LinearACXVI # \LinearACCXIV \LinearACCCXII
 \LinearAXIX t \LinearACXVII $ \LinearACCXV \LinearACCCXIII
 \LinearAXX u \LinearACXVIII % \LinearACCXVI \LinearACCCXIV
 \LinearAXXI v \LinearACXIX & \LinearACCXVII \LinearACCCXV
 \LinearAXXII w \LinearACXX ' \LinearACCXVIII \LinearACCCXVI
 \LinearAXXIII x \LinearACXXI ( \LinearACCXIX \LinearACCCXVII
 \LinearAXXIV y \LinearACXXII ) \LinearACCXX \LinearACCCXVIII
 \LinearAXXV z \LinearACXXIII * \LinearACCXXI \LinearACCCXIX
 \LinearAXXVI { \LinearACXXIV + \LinearACCXXII \LinearACCCXX
 \LinearAXXVII | \LinearACXXV , \LinearACCXXIII \LinearACCCXXI
 \LinearAXXVIII } \LinearACXXVI - \LinearACCXXIV \LinearACCCXXII
 \LinearAXXIX ~ \LinearACXXVII . \LinearACCXXV \LinearACCCXXIII
 \LinearAXXX  \LinearACXXVIII / \LinearACCXXVI \LinearACCCXXIV
 \LinearAXXXI \LinearACXXIX 0 \LinearACCXXVII \LinearACCCXXV
 \LinearAXXXII \LinearACXXX 1 \LinearACCXXVIII \LinearACCCXXVI
\LinearAXXXIII \LinearACXXXI 2 \LinearACCXXIX \LinearACCCXXVII
! \LinearAXXXIV \LinearACXXXII 3 \LinearACCXXX \LinearACCCXXVIII
" \LinearAXXXV \LinearACXXXIII 4 \LinearACCXXXI \LinearACCCXXIX
# \LinearAXXXVI \LinearACXXXIV 5 \LinearACCXXXII \LinearACCCXXX
$ \LinearAXXXVII \LinearACXXXV 6 \LinearACCXXXIII \LinearACCCXXXI
% \LinearAXXXVIII \LinearACXXXVI 7 \LinearACCXXXIV \LinearACCCXXXII
& \LinearAXXXIX \LinearACXXXVII 8 \LinearACCXXXV \LinearACCCXXXIII
' \LinearAXL \LinearACXXXVIII 9 \LinearACCXXXVI \LinearACCCXXXIV
( \LinearAXLI \LinearACXXXIX : \LinearACCXXXVII \LinearACCCXXXV
) \LinearAXLII \LinearACXL ; \LinearACCXXXVIII \LinearACCCXXXVI
* \LinearAXLIII \LinearACXLI < \LinearACCXXXIX \LinearACCCXXXVII
+ \LinearAXLIV \LinearACXLII = \LinearACCXL \LinearACCCXXXVIII
, \LinearAXLV \LinearACXLIII > \LinearACCXLI \LinearACCCXXXIX
- \LinearAXLVI \LinearACXLIV ? \LinearACCXLII \LinearACCCXL
. \LinearAXLVII \LinearACXLV @ \LinearACCXLIII \LinearACCCXLI
/ \LinearAXLVIII \LinearACXLVI A \LinearACCXLIV \LinearACCCXLII
0 \LinearAXLIX \LinearACXLVII B \LinearACCXLV \LinearACCCXLIII
1 \LinearAL \LinearACXLVIII C \LinearACCXLVI \LinearACCCXLIV
2 \LinearALI \LinearACXLIX D \LinearACCXLVII \LinearACCCXLV
3 \LinearALII \LinearACL E \LinearACCXLVIII \LinearACCCXLVI
4 \LinearALIII \LinearACLI F \LinearACCXLIX \LinearACCCXLVII
5 \LinearALIV \LinearACLII G \LinearACCL \LinearACCCXLVIII
6 \LinearALV \LinearACLIII H \LinearACCLI \LinearACCCXLIX
7 \LinearALVI \LinearACLIV I \LinearACCLII \LinearACCCL
8 \LinearALVII \LinearACLV J \LinearACCLIII \LinearACCCLI
9 \LinearALVIII \LinearACLVI K \LinearACCLIV \LinearACCCLII
: \LinearALIX \LinearACLVII L \LinearACCLV \LinearACCCLIII
; \LinearALX \LinearACLVIII M \LinearACCLVI \LinearACCCLIV
< \LinearALXI \LinearACLIX N \LinearACCLVII \LinearACCCLV
= \LinearALXII \LinearACLX O \LinearACCLVIII \LinearACCCLVI
> \LinearALXIII \LinearACLXI P \LinearACCLIX \LinearACCCLVII
? \LinearALXIV \LinearACLXII Q \LinearACCLX \LinearACCCLVIII
@ \LinearALXV \LinearACLXIII R \LinearACCLXI \LinearACCCLIX
A \LinearALXVI \LinearACLXIV S \LinearACCLXII \LinearACCCLX

(continued on next page)

144
(continued from previous page)
B \LinearALXVII \LinearACLXV T \LinearACCLXIII \LinearACCCLXI
C \LinearALXVIII \LinearACLXVI U \LinearACCLXIV \LinearACCCLXII
D \LinearALXIX \LinearACLXVII V \LinearACCLXV \LinearACCCLXIII
E \LinearALXX \LinearACLXVIII W \LinearACCLXVI \LinearACCCLXIV
F \LinearALXXI \LinearACLXIX X \LinearACCLXVII \LinearACCCLXV
G \LinearALXXII \LinearACLXX Y \LinearACCLXVIII \LinearACCCLXVI
H \LinearALXXIII \LinearACLXXI Z \LinearACCLXIX \LinearACCCLXVII
I \LinearALXXIV \LinearACLXXII [ \LinearACCLXX \LinearACCCLXVIII
J \LinearALXXV \LinearACLXXIII \ \LinearACCLXXI \LinearACCCLXIX
K \LinearALXXVI \LinearACLXXIV ] \LinearACCLXXII \LinearACCCLXX
L \LinearALXXVII \LinearACLXXV ^ \LinearACCLXXIII \LinearACCCLXXI
M \LinearALXXVIII \LinearACLXXVI _ \LinearACCLXXIV \LinearACCCLXXII
N \LinearALXXIX \LinearACLXXVII ` \LinearACCLXXV \LinearACCCLXXIII
O \LinearALXXX \LinearACLXXVIII a \LinearACCLXXVI \LinearACCCLXXIV
P \LinearALXXXI \LinearACLXXIX b \LinearACCLXXVII \LinearACCCLXXV
Q \LinearALXXXII
\LinearACLXXX c \LinearACCLXXVIII \LinearACCCLXXVI
R \LinearALXXXIII  \LinearACLXXXI d \LinearACCLXXIX \LinearACCCLXXVII
S \LinearALXXXIV  \LinearACLXXXII e \LinearACCLXXX \LinearACCCLXXVIII
T \LinearALXXXV  \LinearACLXXXIII f \LinearACCLXXXI \LinearACCCLXXIX
U \LinearALXXXVI  \LinearACLXXXIV g \LinearACCLXXXII \LinearACCCLXXX
V \LinearALXXXVII  \LinearACLXXXV h \LinearACCLXXXIII \LinearACCCLXXXI
W \LinearALXXXVIII  \LinearACLXXXVI i \LinearACCLXXXIV \LinearACCCLXXXII
X \LinearALXXXIX  \LinearACLXXXVII j \LinearACCLXXXV \LinearACCCLXXXIII
Y \LinearALXXXX \LinearACLXXXVIII k \LinearACCLXXXVI \LinearACCCLXXXIV
Z \LinearAXCI
\LinearACLXXXIX l \LinearACCLXXXVII \LinearACCCLXXXV
[ \LinearAXCII  \LinearACLXXXX m \LinearACCLXXXVIII \LinearACCCLXXXVI
\ \LinearAXCIII  \LinearACXCI n \LinearACCLXXXIX \LinearACCCLXXXVII
] \LinearAXCIV \LinearACXCII o \LinearACCLXXXX \LinearACCCLXXXVIII
^ \LinearAXCV  \LinearACXCIII p \LinearACCXCI \LinearACCCLXXXIX
_ \LinearAXCVI  \LinearACXCIV q \LinearACCXCII
` \LinearAXCVII  \LinearACXCV r \LinearACCXCIII
a \LinearAXCVIII  \LinearACXCVI s \LinearACCXCIV

145
 Table 404: linearb Linear B Basic and Optional Letters
a \Ba j \Bja B \Bmu ] \Bpte \Broii 4 \Bto
; \Baii J \Bje n \Bna I \Bpu V \Bru 5 \Btu
< \Baiii b \Bjo N \Bne \ \Bpuii s \Bsa ~ \Btwo
= \Bau L \Bju C \Bni q \Bqa S \Bse u \Bu
d \Bda k \Bka E \Bno Q \Bqe Y \Bsi w \Bwa
D \Bde K \Bke F \Bnu X \Bqi 1 \Bso W \Bwe
f \Bdi c \Bki @ \Bnwa 8 \Bqo 2 \Bsu 6 \Bwi
g \Bdo h \Bko o \Bo r \Bra { \Bswa 7 \Bwo
x \Bdu v \Bku p \Bpa ^ \Braii | \Bswi z \Bza
> \Bdwe m \Bma [ \Bpaiii _ \Braiii t \Bta Z \Bze
? \Bdwo M \Bme P \Bpe R \Bre } \Btaii 9 \Bzo
e \Be y \Bmi G \Bpi O \Bri T \Bte
i \Bi A \Bmo H \Bpo U \Bro 3 \Bti

These symbols must appear either within the argument to \textlinb or

following the \linbfamily font-selection command within a scope. Single-
character shortcuts are also supported: Both \textlinb{\Bpa\Bki\Bna}
and \textlinb{pcn} produce pcn, for example. See the linearb docu-
mentation for more information.

Table 405: linearb Linear B Numerals

\BNi \BNvii \BNxl \BNc \BNdcc
\BNii \BNviii \BNl \BNcc \BNdccc
\BNiii \BNix \BNlx \BNccc ff \BNcm
\BNiv \BNx \BNlxx \BNcd fi \BNm
\BNv \BNxx \BNlxxx \BNd
\BNvi \BNxxx \BNxc \BNdc

These symbols must appear either within the argument to \textlinb or fol-
lowing the \linbfamily font-selection command within a scope.

Table 406: linearb Linear B Weights and Measures

\BPtalent \BPvolb \BPvolcf \BPwtb \BPwtd
\BPvola \BPvolcd \BPwta \BPwtc

These symbols must appear either within the argument to \textlinb or fol-
lowing the \linbfamily font-selection command within a scope.

146
 Table 407: linearb Linear B Ideograms
\BPamphora \BPchassis \BPman \BPwheat
\BParrow \BPcloth \BPnanny \BPwheel
\BPbarley \BPcow \BPolive \BPwine
\BPbilly \BPcup \BPox \BPwineiih
\BPboar \BPewe \BPpig \BPwineiiih
\BPbronze \BPfoal \BPram \BPwineivh
\BPbull \BPgoat \BPsheep \BPwoman
\BPcauldroni \BPgoblet \BPsow \BPwool
\BPcauldronii \BPgold \BPspear
\BPchariot \BPhorse \BPsword

These symbols must appear either within the argument to \textlinb or fol-
lowing the \linbfamily font-selection command within a scope.

Table 408: linearb Unidentified Linear B Symbols

fl \BUi \BUiv # \BUvii & \BUx \Btwe
ffi \BUii ! \BUv $ \BUviii \BUxi
ffl \BUiii " \BUvi % \BUix \BUxii

These symbols must appear either within the argument to \textlinb or fol-
lowing the \linbfamily font-selection command within a scope.

Table 409: cypriot Cypriot Letters

a \Ca v \Cku B \Cmu H \Cpo 1 \Cso 6 \Cwi
e \Ce l \Cla n \Cna I \Cpu 2 \Csu 7 \Cwo
g \Cga L \Cle N \Cne r \Cra t \Cta x \Cxa
i \Ci d \Cli C \Cni R \Cre T \Cte X \Cxe
j \Cja f \Clo E \Cno O \Cri 3 \Cti j \Cya
b \Cjo q \Clu F \Cnu U \Cro 4 \Cto b \Cyo
k \Cka m \Cma o \Co V \Cru 5 \Ctu g \Cza
K \Cke M \Cme p \Cpa s \Csa u \Cu 9 \Czo
c \Cki y \Cmi P \Cpe S \Cse w \Cwa
h \Cko A \Cmo G \Cpi Y \Csi W \Cwe

These symbols must appear either within the argument to \textcypr or

following the \cyprfamily font-selection command within a scope. Single-
character shortcuts are also supported: Both \textcypr{\Cpa\Cki\Cna}
and \textcypr{pcn} produce pcn, for example. See the cypriot docu-
mentation for more information.

147
 Table 410: sarabian South Arabian Letters
a \SAa z \SAz m \SAm x \SAsd D \SAdb
b \SAb H \SAhd n \SAn q \SAq J \SAtb
g \SAg T \SAtd s \SAs r \SAr G \SAga
d \SAd y \SAy f \SAf S \SAsv Z \SAzd
h \SAh k \SAk \SAlq t \SAt X \SAsa
w \SAw l \SAl o \SAo I \SAhu B \SAdd

These symbols must appear either within the argument to \textsarab or

following the \sarabfamily font-selection command within a scope. Single-
character shortcuts are also supported: Both \textsarab{\SAb\SAk\SAn}
and \textsarab{bkn} produce bkn, for example. See the sarabian docu-
mentation for more information.

Table 411: teubner Archaic Greek Letters and Greek Numerals

\Coppa \Digamma* \sampi* \varstigma
\coppa \koppa* \Stigma
\digamma*, \Sampi \stigma*
*
Technically, these symbols do not require teubner; it is sufficient to load the
babel package with the greek option (upon which teubner depends)but use
\qoppa for \koppa and \ddigamma for \digamma.

For compatibility with other naming conventions teubner defines \Koppa as a
synonym for \Coppa and \varcoppa as a synonym for \coppa.

If both teubner and amssymb are loaded, teubners \digamma replaces amssymbs
\digamma, regardless of package-loading order.

Table 412: boisik Archaic Greek Letters and Greek Numerals

\ \Digamma * \qoppa - \stigma , \varsampi
? \digamma ] \Qoppa  \Stigma
( \heta ^ \Sampi ) \vardigamma
[ \Heta + \sampi _ \Varsampi

Table 413: epiolmec Epi-Olmec Script

\EOafter \EOMiddle \EOStarWarrior

\EOandThen \EOmonster \EOstep

\EOAppear \EOMountain M \EOSu
t \EOBeardMask \ \EOmuu S \EOsu
\EOBedeck b \EOna \EOsun

(continued on next page)

148
(continued from previous page)

u \EOBlood \EOne Q \EOsuu

\EObrace ^ \EOni K \EOSuu
\EObuilding \EOnow : \EOta
v \EOBundle c \EOnu 8 \EOte

w \EOChop a \EOnuu \EOthrone

\EOChronI { \EOofficerI 7 \EOti

x \EOCloth | \EOofficerII \EOtime

r \EODealWith } \EOofficerIII \EOTime

\EODeer ~ \EOofficerIV \EOTitle

\EOeat 3 \EOpa \EOTitleII

\EOflint n \EOpak \EOTitleIV

\EOflower \EOPatron < \EOto

\EOFold \EOPatronII ; \EOtu
\EOGod 1 \EOpe \EOtuki

\EOGoUp \EOpenis \EOtukpa

\EOgovernor 0 \EOpi \EOturtle

z \EOGuise \EOPierce 9 \EOtuu
\EOHallow \EOPlant @ \EOtza
V \EOja \EOPlay > \EOtze

\EOjaguar 6 \EOpo \EOtzetze

U \EOje \EOpriest = \EOtzi

T \EOji \EOPrince B \EOtzu

- \EOJI 5 \EOpu ? \EOtzuu

Y \EOjo 2 \EOpuu \EOundef

X \EOju o \EOpuuk \EOvarBeardMask

m \EOkak \EORain W \EOvarja
D \EOke L \EOSa . \EOvarji

C \EOki R \EOsa / \EOvarki

\EOkij \EOsacrifice F \EOvarkuu

\EOKing y \EOSaw _ \EOvarni

\EOknottedCloth q \EOScorpius 4 \EOvarpa

(continued on next page)

149
(continued from previous page)

\EOknottedClothStraps \EOset J \EOvarSi

H \EOko O \EOsi P \EOvarsi
G \EOku I \EOSi A \EOvartza
E \EOkuu \EOsing g \EOvarwuu

\EOLetBlood \EOSini \EOvarYear

\EOloinCloth \EOskin h \EOwa
\EOlongLipII \EOSky e \EOwe

\EOLord \EOskyAnimal d \EOwi

\EOLose \EOskyPillar i \EOwo

] \EOma \EOsnake f \EOwuu

\EOmacaw N \EOSo l \EOya
\EOmacawI , \EOSpan p \EOyaj

[ \EOme \EOSprinkle j \EOye

\EOmexNew \EOstar s \EOYear
Z \EOmi \EOstarWarrior k \EOyuu

Table 414: epiolmec Epi-Olmec Numerals

 \EOzero \EOvi \EOxii \EOxviii

\EOi \EOvii \EOxiii \EOxix

\EOii \EOviii \EOxiv \EOxx
 \EOiii \EOix \EOxv
 \EOiv \EOx \EOxvi
\EOv \EOxi \EOxvii

150
 Table 415: allrunes Runes
\a E E \ING m m R R \sthree
\A F F \ing n n z \RR T T
a a f f \Ing \NG \s t t
A A g g \j \ng s s \textsection
b b \h j j o o S S \th
B B H H J J \p \seight U U
\d h h \k p p \sfive u u
D D \i \K P P \sfour w w
d d i i k k \R \sseven
e e I I l l r r \ssix

The symbols in this table should appear within the argument to \textarc
(for common Germanic runes), \textara (for Anglo-Frisian runes), \textarn
(for normal runes), \textart (for short-twig runes), \textarl (for staveless
runes), \textarm (for medieval runes), or within a scope that sets, respec-
tively, \arcfamily, \arafamily, \arnfamily, \artfamily, \arlfamily, or
\armfamily. Each family presents slightly different glyphs and/or slightly dif-
ferent subsets of the available runes. (The table presents the common Germanic
runes.) See the allrunes documentation for more information.

Table 416: allrunes Rune Separators

! \bar : \doubleeye + \plus ; \tripledot
* \cross , \doubleplus < \quaddot > \tripleeye
. \dot % \doublestar ? \quadeye - \tripleplus
" \doublebar . \eye $ \star
% \doublecross = \pentdot # \triplebar
: \doubledot @ \penteye & \triplecross

See the usage comment under Table 415.

151
 7 Musical symbols

The following symbols are used to typeset musical notation. The package provides a large
subset of the symbols in this section. Note, however, that depends upon the fontspec package,
OpenType (.otf) fonts, and some PDF graphics and therefore works only with LuaLATEX or XELATEX.

Table 417: LATEX 2 Musical Symbols

\flat \natural \sharp

Table 418: textcomp Musical Symbols

\textmusicalnote

Table 419: wasysym Musical Symbols

 \eighthnote \halfnote  \twonotes  \fullnote \quarternote

Table 420: MnSymbol Musical Symbols

\flat \natural \sharp

Table 421: fdsymbol Musical Symbols

\flat \natural \sharp

Table 422: boisik Musical Symbols

\flat \natural \sharp

Table 423: stix Musical Symbols

\eighthnote \natural \sharp
\flat \quarternote \twonotes

Table 424: arev Musical Symbols

\quarternote \eighthnote \sixteenthnote

152

lilyglyphs
 Table 425: MusiXTEX Musical Symbols

R \allabreve
ffl \lsf W \shake

K \altoclef
\lsfz X \Shake

C \backturn $ \maxima j \Shakel

I \bassclef 9 \meterplus m \Shakene

\caesura Y \mordent k \Shakenw

O
U \coda w \Mordent l \Shakesw

i \Coda ; \PAUSe L \smallaltoclef

! \Dep : \PAuse J \smallbassclef

y \doublethumb = \pause H \smalltrebleclef

\downbow # \Ped " \sPed

? \ds > \qp G \trebleclef

NQ \duevolte B \qqs E \trill

\fermatadown @ \qs D \turn

P \fermataup { \reverseallabreve  \upbow

x \flageolett T \reverseC ffi \usf

< \hpause h \sDep \usfz

A \hs n \Segno 8 \wq

\longa V \segno \wqq

All of these symbols are intended to be used in the context of typesetting

musical scores. See the MusiXTEX documentation for more information.

153
 Table 426: MusiXTEX Alternative Clefs

M \drumclef z \gregorianFclef

b \gregorianCclef g \oldGclef

In addition to MusiXTEX, \drumclef requires the musixper package;

\oldGclef requires the musixlit package; and both \gregorianCclef and
\gregorianFclef require the musixgre package. Together with MusiXTEX,
these packages provide a complete system for typesetting percussion notation
(musixper), liturgical music (musixlit), and Gregorian chants (musixgre, includ-
ing the staffs and all of the necessary neumes. See the MusiXTEX documenta-
tion for more information.

Table 427: harmony Musical Symbols

== ==
\AAcht /D
D \DDohne \Halb \SechBR > \VM
==
==(
\Acht /D \Dohne < \HaPa = \SechBr * \Zwdr
== \AchtBL ss \Ds \Pu @ \SePa A \ZwPa
\AchtBR SS \DS
==) \Sech < \UB
? \AcPa \Ganz == \SechBL \Vier
 \DD < \GaPa = \SechBl > \ViPa

The MusiXTEX package must be installed to use harmony.

Table 428: harmony Musical Accents

.
aa .
Aa \Ferli{A}\Ferli{a}* /A/a \Ohne{A}\Ohne{a}*
.a
a .
Aa \Fermi{A}\Fermi{a} a \Umd{A}\Umd{a}*
A

l
A al \Kr{A}\Kr{a}

*
These symbols take an optional argument which shifts the accent either hori-
zontally or vertically (depending on the command) by the given distance.

In addition to the accents shown above, \HH is a special accent command

that accepts five period-separated characters and typesets them such that
b
c
\HH.X.a.b.c.d. produces Xa d. All arguments except the first can be omit-
ted: \HH.X..... produces X. \Takt takes two arguments and composes
them into a musical time signature. For example, \Takt{12}{8} produces
12 S
8 . As two special cases, \Takt{c}{0} produces and \Takt{c}{1}
R
produces .

The MusiXTEX package must be installed to use harmony.

154
 Table 429: Single Notes
u
\eighthNote \quarterNoteDottedDown

C
\eighthNoteDotted \quarterNoteDown

\eighthNoteDottedDouble \sixteenthNote



 \eighthNoteDottedDoubleDown \sixteenthNoteDotted



 \eighthNoteDottedDown \sixteenthNoteDottedDouble


 \eighthNoteDown \sixteenthNoteDottedDoubleDown
,

\halfNote  \sixteenthNoteDottedDown
u \halfNoteDotted  \sixteenthNoteDown
uu \halfNoteDottedDouble Z
\thirtysecondNote
uu
\halfNoteDottedDoubleDown Z
\thirtysecondNoteDotted
u
\halfNoteDottedDown Z \thirtysecondNoteDottedDouble
, Z
Z

\halfNoteDown \thirtysecondNoteDottedDoubleDown

Z

C \quarterNote \thirtysecondNoteDottedDown
u \quarterNoteDotted \thirtysecondNoteDown
uu \quarterNoteDottedDouble \wholeNote
uu
\quarterNoteDottedDoubleDown \wholeNoteDotted

defines synonyms for all of the preceding symbols:

C u
\crotchet \minimDottedDown
u ,
\crotchetDotted \minimDown
uu \crotchetDottedDouble \quaver
uu

\crotchetDottedDoubleDown \quaverDotted
u

\crotchetDottedDown \quaverDottedDouble
C

\crotchetDown  \quaverDottedDoubleDown


Z
\demisemiquaver  \quaverDottedDown
Z
\demisemiquaverDotted  \quaverDown
Z \demisemiquaverDottedDouble \semibreve
Z
Z

\demisemiquaverDottedDoubleDown \semibreveDotted

Z

\demisemiquaverDottedDown \semiquaver
\demisemiquaverDown
\semiquaverDotted
, \minim
\semiquaverDottedDouble
u

\minimDotted \semiquaverDottedDoubleDown
uu

\minimDottedDouble  \semiquaverDottedDown
uu
\minimDottedDoubleDown  \semiquaverDown

Table 430: Beamed Notes

CC \twoBeamedQuavers Z ZZ \threeBeamedQuaversII
ZZZ \threeBeamedQuavers ZZ Z \threeBeamedQuaversIII
ZZ Z \threeBeamedQuaversI

155

lilyglyphs
 Table 431: Clefs

\clefC \clefF \clefG

Each of these symbols provides a smaller, inline form (\clefCInline,

\clefFInline, and \clefGInline, respectively) intended for use within a
paragraph. See the documentation for more information.

Table 432: Time Signatures

\lilyTimeC \lilyTimeCHalf

also provides a \lilyTimeSignature command that lets a user type-

set single and compound time signatures by specifying a numerator and a
denominator. See the documentation for more information.

Table 433: Accidentals

\doublesharp \sharpArrowdown
\flat \sharpArrowup
\flatflat \sharpSlashslashslashStem
\natural \sharpSlashslashslashStemstem
\sharp \sharpSlashslashStem

\sharpArrowboth \sharpSlashslashStemstemstem

Table 434: Rests

\crotchetRest \quaverRestDotted
\crotchetRestDotted \semiquaverRest
\halfNoteRest \semiquaverRestDotted
\halfNoteRestDotted \wholeNoteRest
\quaverRest \wholeNoteRestDotted

Multiply dotted rests can be produced with the \lilyPrintMoreDots com-

mand. See the documentation for more information.

156

lilyglyphs
 Table 435: Dynamics Letters
\lilyDynamics{f} \lilyDynamics{r}
\lilyDynamics{p} \lilyDynamics{s}
\lilyDynamics{m} \lilyDynamics{z}

\lilyRF \lilyRFZ

These letters and the digits 09 are the only alphanumerics defined by
s underlying Emmentaler fonts.

Table 436: Dynamics Symbols

\crescHairpin \decrescHairpin

Table 437: Articulations

\lilyAccent \marcato \staccatissimo
\lilyEspressivo \marcatoDown \tenuto
\lilyStaccato \portato
\lilyThumb \portatoDown

Table 438: Scripts

\fermata

Table 439: Accordion Notation

\accordionBayanBass \accordionOldEE \accordionStdBass

\accordionDiscant \accordionPull
\accordionFreeBass \accordionPush

157

lilyglyphs
 Table 440:
\lilyGlyph{timesig.C22}
\lilyGlyph{timesig.C44}
\lilyGlyph{timesig.mensural22}
\lilyGlyph{timesig.mensural24}
\lilyGlyph{timesig.mensural32}
\lilyGlyph{timesig.mensural34}
\lilyGlyph{timesig.mensural44}
\lilyGlyph{timesig.mensural48}
\lilyGlyph{timesig.mensural64}
\lilyGlyph{timesig.mensural68}
\lilyGlyph{timesig.mensural68alt}
\lilyGlyph{timesig.mensural94}
defines shorter names for a few of these symbols. See Table 432.
Table 441:
\lilyGlyph{scripts.arpeggio}
\lilyGlyph{scripts.arpeggio.arrow.1}
\lilyGlyph{scripts.arpeggio.arrow.M1}
\lilyGlyph{scripts.augmentum}
\lilyGlyph{scripts.barline.kievan}
\lilyGlyph{scripts.caesura.curved}
\lilyGlyph{scripts.caesura.straight}
\lilyGlyph{scripts.circulus}
\lilyGlyph{scripts.coda}
\lilyGlyph{scripts.daccentus}
\lilyGlyph{scripts.dfermata}
\lilyGlyph{scripts.dlongfermata}
\lilyGlyph{scripts.dmarcato}
\lilyGlyph{scripts.downbow}
\lilyGlyph{scripts.downmordent}
\lilyGlyph{scripts.downprall}
\lilyGlyph{scripts.dpedalheel}
\lilyGlyph{scripts.dpedaltoe}
\lilyGlyph{scripts.dportato}
\lilyGlyph{scripts.dsemicirculus}
\lilyGlyph{scripts.dshortfermata}
\lilyGlyph{scripts.dsignumcongruentiae}
\lilyGlyph{scripts.dstaccatissimo}
\lilyGlyph{scripts.dverylongfermata}
\lilyGlyph{scripts.espr}
\lilyGlyph{scripts.flageolet}
\lilyGlyph{scripts.halfopen}
\lilyGlyph{scripts.halfopenvertical}
\lilyGlyph{scripts.ictus}
\lilyGlyph{scripts.lcomma}
158
lilyglyphs
Named Time Signatures
\lilyGlyph{timesig.mensural98}
\lilyGlyph{timesig.neomensural22}
\lilyGlyph{timesig.neomensural24}
\lilyGlyph{timesig.neomensural32}
\lilyGlyph{timesig.neomensural34}
\lilyGlyph{timesig.neomensural44}
\lilyGlyph{timesig.neomensural48}
\lilyGlyph{timesig.neomensural64}
\lilyGlyph{timesig.neomensural68}
\lilyGlyph{timesig.neomensural68alt}
\lilyGlyph{timesig.neomensural94}
\lilyGlyph{timesig.neomensural98}
Named Scripts
\lilyGlyph{scripts.prallmordent}
\lilyGlyph{scripts.prallprall}
\lilyGlyph{scripts.prallup}
\lilyGlyph{scripts.rcomma}
\lilyGlyph{scripts.reverseturn}
\lilyGlyph{scripts.rvarcomma}
\lilyGlyph{scripts.segno}
\lilyGlyph{scripts.sforzato}
\lilyGlyph{scripts.snappizzicato}
\lilyGlyph{scripts.staccato}
\lilyGlyph{scripts.stopped}
\lilyGlyph{scripts.tenuto}
\lilyGlyph{scripts.thumb}
\lilyGlyph{scripts.tickmark}
\lilyGlyph{scripts.trilelement}
\lilyGlyph{scripts.trill}
\lilyGlyph{scripts.trill_element}
\lilyGlyph{scripts.turn}
\lilyGlyph{scripts.uaccentus}
\lilyGlyph{scripts.ufermata}
\lilyGlyph{scripts.ulongfermata}
\lilyGlyph{scripts.umarcato}
\lilyGlyph{scripts.upbow}
\lilyGlyph{scripts.upedalheel}
\lilyGlyph{scripts.upedaltoe}
\lilyGlyph{scripts.upmordent}
\lilyGlyph{scripts.uportato}
\lilyGlyph{scripts.upprall}
\lilyGlyph{scripts.usemicirculus}
\lilyGlyph{scripts.ushortfermata}
(continued on next page)
 (continued from previous page)
\lilyGlyph{scripts.lineprall}
\lilyGlyph{scripts.lvarcomma}
\lilyGlyph{scripts.mordent}
\lilyGlyph{scripts.open}
\lilyGlyph{scripts.prall}
\lilyGlyph{scripts.pralldown}
defines \fermata as a shorter
\lilyGlyph{scripts.ufermata}. See Table 438.
Table 442:
\lilyGlyph{rests.0}
\lilyGlyph{rests.0mensural}
\lilyGlyph{rests.0neomensural}
\lilyGlyph{rests.0o}
\lilyGlyph{rests.1}
\lilyGlyph{rests.1mensural}
\lilyGlyph{rests.1neomensural}
\lilyGlyph{rests.1o}
\lilyGlyph{rests.2}
\lilyGlyph{rests.2classical}
\lilyGlyph{rests.2mensural}
\lilyGlyph{rests.2neomensural}
\lilyGlyph{rests.3}
\lilyGlyph{rests.3mensural}
\lilyGlyph{rests.3neomensural}
\lilyGlyph{rests.4}
defines shorter names for a few of these symbols. See Table 434.
Table 443:
\lilyGlyph{pedal.*}
\lilyGlyph{pedal..}
\lilyGlyph{pedal.d}
\lilyGlyph{pedal.e}
159
lilyglyphs
\lilyGlyph{scripts.usignumcongruentiae}
\lilyGlyph{scripts.ustaccatissimo}
\lilyGlyph{scripts.uverylongfermata}
\lilyGlyph{scripts.varcoda}
\lilyGlyph{scripts.varsegno}
name for than
Named Rests
\lilyGlyph{rests.4mensural}
\lilyGlyph{rests.4neomensural}
\lilyGlyph{rests.5}
\lilyGlyph{rests.6}
\lilyGlyph{rests.7}
\lilyGlyph{rests.M1}
\lilyGlyph{rests.M1mensural}
\lilyGlyph{rests.M1neomensural}
\lilyGlyph{rests.M1o}
\lilyGlyph{rests.M2}
\lilyGlyph{rests.M2mensural}
\lilyGlyph{rests.M2neomensural}
\lilyGlyph{rests.M3}
\lilyGlyph{rests.M3mensural}
\lilyGlyph{rests.M3neomensural}
Named Pedals
\lilyGlyph{pedal.M}
\lilyGlyph{pedal.P}
\lilyGlyph{pedal.Ped}
 Table 444:
\lilyGlyph{flags.d3}
\lilyGlyph{flags.d4}
\lilyGlyph{flags.d5}
\lilyGlyph{flags.d6}
\lilyGlyph{flags.d7}
\lilyGlyph{flags.dgrace}
\lilyGlyph{flags.mensurald03}
\lilyGlyph{flags.mensurald04}
\lilyGlyph{flags.mensurald05}
\lilyGlyph{flags.mensurald06}
\lilyGlyph{flags.mensurald13}
\lilyGlyph{flags.mensurald14}
\lilyGlyph{flags.mensurald15}
\lilyGlyph{flags.mensurald16}
\lilyGlyph{flags.mensurald23}
\lilyGlyph{flags.mensurald24}
\lilyGlyph{flags.mensurald25}
\lilyGlyph{flags.mensurald26}
Table 445:
\lilyGlyph{custodes.hufnagel.d0}
\lilyGlyph{custodes.hufnagel.d1}
\lilyGlyph{custodes.hufnagel.d2}
\lilyGlyph{custodes.hufnagel.u0}
\lilyGlyph{custodes.hufnagel.u1}
\lilyGlyph{custodes.hufnagel.u2}
\lilyGlyph{custodes.medicaea.d0}
\lilyGlyph{custodes.medicaea.d1}
\lilyGlyph{custodes.medicaea.d2}
\lilyGlyph{custodes.medicaea.u0}
\lilyGlyph{custodes.medicaea.u1}
\lilyGlyph{custodes.medicaea.u2}
160
lilyglyphs
Named Flags
\lilyGlyph{flags.mensuralu03}
\lilyGlyph{flags.mensuralu04}
\lilyGlyph{flags.mensuralu05}
\lilyGlyph{flags.mensuralu06}
\lilyGlyph{flags.mensuralu13}
\lilyGlyph{flags.mensuralu14}
\lilyGlyph{flags.mensuralu15}
\lilyGlyph{flags.mensuralu16}
\lilyGlyph{flags.mensuralu23}
\lilyGlyph{flags.mensuralu24}
\lilyGlyph{flags.mensuralu25}
\lilyGlyph{flags.mensuralu26}
\lilyGlyph{flags.u3}
\lilyGlyph{flags.u4}
\lilyGlyph{flags.u5}
\lilyGlyph{flags.u6}
\lilyGlyph{flags.u7}
\lilyGlyph{flags.ugrace}
Named Custodes
\lilyGlyph{custodes.mensural.d0}
\lilyGlyph{custodes.mensural.d1}
\lilyGlyph{custodes.mensural.d2}
\lilyGlyph{custodes.mensural.u0}
\lilyGlyph{custodes.mensural.u1}
\lilyGlyph{custodes.mensural.u2}
\lilyGlyph{custodes.vaticana.d0}
\lilyGlyph{custodes.vaticana.d1}
\lilyGlyph{custodes.vaticana.d2}
\lilyGlyph{custodes.vaticana.u0}
\lilyGlyph{custodes.vaticana.u1}
\lilyGlyph{custodes.vaticana.u2}
 Table 446:
\lilyGlyph{clefs.blackmensural.c}
\lilyGlyph{clefs.blackmensural.c_change}
\lilyGlyph{clefs.C}
\lilyGlyph{clefs.C_change}
\lilyGlyph{clefs.F}
\lilyGlyph{clefs.F_change}
\lilyGlyph{clefs.G}
\lilyGlyph{clefs.G_change}
\lilyGlyph{clefs.hufnagel.do}
\lilyGlyph{clefs.hufnagel.do.fa}
\lilyGlyph{clefs.hufnagel.do.fa_change}
\lilyGlyph{clefs.hufnagel.do_change}
\lilyGlyph{clefs.hufnagel.fa}
\lilyGlyph{clefs.hufnagel.fa_change}
\lilyGlyph{clefs.kievan.do}
\lilyGlyph{clefs.kievan.do_change}
\lilyGlyph{clefs.medicaea.do}
\lilyGlyph{clefs.medicaea.do_change}
\lilyGlyph{clefs.medicaea.fa}
\lilyGlyph{clefs.medicaea.fa_change}
\lilyGlyph{clefs.mensural.c}
\lilyGlyph{clefs.mensural.c_change}
\lilyGlyph{clefs.mensural.f}
\lilyGlyph{clefs.mensural.f_change}
\lilyGlyph{clefs.mensural.g}
defines shorter names for a few of these symbols. See Table 431.
161
lilyglyphs
Named Clefs
\lilyGlyph{clefs.mensural.g_change}
\lilyGlyph{clefs.neomensural.c}
\lilyGlyph{clefs.neomensural.c_change}
\lilyGlyph{clefs.percussion}
\lilyGlyph{clefs.percussion_change}
\lilyGlyph{clefs.petrucci.c1}
\lilyGlyph{clefs.petrucci.c1_change}
\lilyGlyph{clefs.petrucci.c2}
\lilyGlyph{clefs.petrucci.c2_change}
\lilyGlyph{clefs.petrucci.c3}
\lilyGlyph{clefs.petrucci.c3_change}
\lilyGlyph{clefs.petrucci.c4}
\lilyGlyph{clefs.petrucci.c4_change}
\lilyGlyph{clefs.petrucci.c5}
\lilyGlyph{clefs.petrucci.c5_change}
\lilyGlyph{clefs.petrucci.f}
\lilyGlyph{clefs.petrucci.f_change}
\lilyGlyph{clefs.petrucci.g}
\lilyGlyph{clefs.petrucci.g_change}
\lilyGlyph{clefs.tab}
\lilyGlyph{clefs.tab_change}
\lilyGlyph{clefs.vaticana.do}
\lilyGlyph{clefs.vaticana.do_change}
\lilyGlyph{clefs.vaticana.fa}
\lilyGlyph{clefs.vaticana.fa_change}
 Table 447: Named Noteheads

\lilyGlyph{noteheads.d0doFunk}
\lilyGlyph{noteheads.d0fa}
\lilyGlyph{noteheads.d0faFunk}
\lilyGlyph{noteheads.d0faThin}
\lilyGlyph{noteheads.d0miFunk}
\lilyGlyph{noteheads.d0reFunk}
\lilyGlyph{noteheads.d0tiFunk}
\lilyGlyph{noteheads.d1do}
\lilyGlyph{noteheads.d1doFunk}
\lilyGlyph{noteheads.d1doThin}
\lilyGlyph{noteheads.d1doWalker}
\lilyGlyph{noteheads.d1fa}
\lilyGlyph{noteheads.d1faFunk}
\lilyGlyph{noteheads.d1faThin}
\lilyGlyph{noteheads.d1faWalker}
\lilyGlyph{noteheads.d1miFunk}
\lilyGlyph{noteheads.d1re}
\lilyGlyph{noteheads.d1reFunk}
\lilyGlyph{noteheads.d1reThin}
\lilyGlyph{noteheads.d1reWalker}
\lilyGlyph{noteheads.d1ti}
\lilyGlyph{noteheads.d1tiFunk}
\lilyGlyph{noteheads.d1tiThin}
\lilyGlyph{noteheads.d1tiWalker}
\lilyGlyph{noteheads.d1triangle}
\lilyGlyph{noteheads.d2do}
\lilyGlyph{noteheads.d2doFunk}
\lilyGlyph{noteheads.d2doThin}
\lilyGlyph{noteheads.d2doWalker}
\lilyGlyph{noteheads.d2fa}
\lilyGlyph{noteheads.d2faFunk}
\lilyGlyph{noteheads.d2faThin}
\lilyGlyph{noteheads.d2faWalker}
\lilyGlyph{noteheads.d2kievan}
\lilyGlyph{noteheads.d2re}
\lilyGlyph{noteheads.d2reFunk}
\lilyGlyph{noteheads.d2reThin}
\lilyGlyph{noteheads.d2reWalker}
\lilyGlyph{noteheads.d2ti}
\lilyGlyph{noteheads.d2tiFunk}
\lilyGlyph{noteheads.d2tiThin}
\lilyGlyph{noteheads.d2tiWalker}
\lilyGlyph{noteheads.d2triangle}
\lilyGlyph{noteheads.d3kievan}
\lilyGlyph{noteheads.dM2}
\lilyGlyph{noteheads.dM2blackmensural}
\lilyGlyph{noteheads.dM2mensural}
\lilyGlyph{noteheads.dM2neomensural}
\lilyGlyph{noteheads.dM2semimensural}
\lilyGlyph{noteheads.dM3blackmensural}

(continued on next page)

162

lilyglyphs
(continued from previous page)

\lilyGlyph{noteheads.dM3mensural}
\lilyGlyph{noteheads.dM3neomensural}
\lilyGlyph{noteheads.dM3semimensural}
\lilyGlyph{noteheads.drM2mensural}
\lilyGlyph{noteheads.drM2neomensural}
\lilyGlyph{noteheads.drM2semimensural}
\lilyGlyph{noteheads.drM3mensural}
\lilyGlyph{noteheads.drM3neomensural}
\lilyGlyph{noteheads.drM3semimensural}
\lilyGlyph{noteheads.s0}
\lilyGlyph{noteheads.s0blackmensural}
\lilyGlyph{noteheads.s0blackpetrucci}
\lilyGlyph{noteheads.s0cross}
\lilyGlyph{noteheads.s0diamond}
\lilyGlyph{noteheads.s0do}
\lilyGlyph{noteheads.s0doThin}
\lilyGlyph{noteheads.s0doWalker}
\lilyGlyph{noteheads.s0faWalker}
\lilyGlyph{noteheads.s0harmonic}
\lilyGlyph{noteheads.s0kievan}
\lilyGlyph{noteheads.s0la}
\lilyGlyph{noteheads.s0laFunk}
\lilyGlyph{noteheads.s0laThin}
\lilyGlyph{noteheads.s0laWalker}
\lilyGlyph{noteheads.s0mensural}
\lilyGlyph{noteheads.s0mi}
\lilyGlyph{noteheads.s0miMirror}
\lilyGlyph{noteheads.s0miThin}
\lilyGlyph{noteheads.s0miWalker}
\lilyGlyph{noteheads.s0neomensural}
\lilyGlyph{noteheads.s0petrucci}
\lilyGlyph{noteheads.s0re}
\lilyGlyph{noteheads.s0reThin}
\lilyGlyph{noteheads.s0reWalker}
\lilyGlyph{noteheads.s0slash}
\lilyGlyph{noteheads.s0sol}
\lilyGlyph{noteheads.s0solFunk}
\lilyGlyph{noteheads.s0ti}
\lilyGlyph{noteheads.s0tiThin}
\lilyGlyph{noteheads.s0tiWalker}
\lilyGlyph{noteheads.s0triangle}
\lilyGlyph{noteheads.s1}
\lilyGlyph{noteheads.s1blackpetrucci}
\lilyGlyph{noteheads.s1cross}
\lilyGlyph{noteheads.s1diamond}
\lilyGlyph{noteheads.s1kievan}
\lilyGlyph{noteheads.s1la}
\lilyGlyph{noteheads.s1laFunk}
\lilyGlyph{noteheads.s1laThin}
\lilyGlyph{noteheads.s1laWalker}
\lilyGlyph{noteheads.s1mensural}
\lilyGlyph{noteheads.s1mi}
\lilyGlyph{noteheads.s1miMirror}

(continued on next page)

163
(continued from previous page)
\lilyGlyph{noteheads.s1miThin}
\lilyGlyph{noteheads.s1miWalker}
\lilyGlyph{noteheads.s1neomensural}
\lilyGlyph{noteheads.s1petrucci}
\lilyGlyph{noteheads.s1slash}
\lilyGlyph{noteheads.s1sol}
\lilyGlyph{noteheads.s1solFunk}
\lilyGlyph{noteheads.s2}
\lilyGlyph{noteheads.s2blackpetrucci}
\lilyGlyph{noteheads.s2cross}
\lilyGlyph{noteheads.s2diamond}
\lilyGlyph{noteheads.s2harmonic}
\lilyGlyph{noteheads.s2la}
\lilyGlyph{noteheads.s2laFunk}
\lilyGlyph{noteheads.s2laThin}
\lilyGlyph{noteheads.s2laWalker}
\lilyGlyph{noteheads.s2mensural}
\lilyGlyph{noteheads.s2mi}
\lilyGlyph{noteheads.s2miFunk}
\lilyGlyph{noteheads.s2miMirror}
\lilyGlyph{noteheads.s2miThin}
\lilyGlyph{noteheads.s2miWalker}
\lilyGlyph{noteheads.s2neomensural}
\lilyGlyph{noteheads.s2petrucci}
\lilyGlyph{noteheads.s2slash}
\lilyGlyph{noteheads.s2sol}
\lilyGlyph{noteheads.s2solFunk}
\lilyGlyph{noteheads.s2xcircle}
\lilyGlyph{noteheads.shufnagel.lpes}
\lilyGlyph{noteheads.shufnagel.punctum}
\lilyGlyph{noteheads.shufnagel.virga}
\lilyGlyph{noteheads.sM1}
\lilyGlyph{noteheads.sM1blackmensural}
\lilyGlyph{noteheads.sM1double}
\lilyGlyph{noteheads.sM1kievan}
\lilyGlyph{noteheads.sM1mensural}
\lilyGlyph{noteheads.sM1neomensural}
\lilyGlyph{noteheads.sM1semimensural}
\lilyGlyph{noteheads.sM2blackligmensural}
\lilyGlyph{noteheads.sM2kievan}
\lilyGlyph{noteheads.sM2ligmensural}
\lilyGlyph{noteheads.sM2semiligmensural}
\lilyGlyph{noteheads.sM3blackligmensural}
\lilyGlyph{noteheads.sM3ligmensural}
\lilyGlyph{noteheads.sM3semiligmensural}
\lilyGlyph{noteheads.smedicaea.inclinatum}
\lilyGlyph{noteheads.smedicaea.punctum}
\lilyGlyph{noteheads.smedicaea.rvirga}
\lilyGlyph{noteheads.smedicaea.virga}
\lilyGlyph{noteheads.sr1kievan}
\lilyGlyph{noteheads.srM1mensural}
\lilyGlyph{noteheads.srM1neomensural}
\lilyGlyph{noteheads.srM1semimensural}

(continued on next page)

164
(continued from previous page)

\lilyGlyph{noteheads.srM2ligmensural}
\lilyGlyph{noteheads.srM2semiligmensural}
\lilyGlyph{noteheads.srM3ligmensural}
\lilyGlyph{noteheads.srM3semiligmensural}
\lilyGlyph{noteheads.ssolesmes.auct.asc}
\lilyGlyph{noteheads.ssolesmes.auct.desc}
\lilyGlyph{noteheads.ssolesmes.incl.auctum}
\lilyGlyph{noteheads.ssolesmes.incl.parvum}
\lilyGlyph{noteheads.ssolesmes.oriscus}
\lilyGlyph{noteheads.ssolesmes.stropha}
\lilyGlyph{noteheads.ssolesmes.stropha.aucta}
\lilyGlyph{noteheads.svaticana.cephalicus}
\lilyGlyph{noteheads.svaticana.epiphonus}
\lilyGlyph{noteheads.svaticana.inclinatum}
\lilyGlyph{noteheads.svaticana.inner.cephalicus}
\lilyGlyph{noteheads.svaticana.linea.punctum}
\lilyGlyph{noteheads.svaticana.linea.punctum.cavum}
\lilyGlyph{noteheads.svaticana.lpes}
\lilyGlyph{noteheads.svaticana.plica}
\lilyGlyph{noteheads.svaticana.punctum}
\lilyGlyph{noteheads.svaticana.punctum.cavum}
\lilyGlyph{noteheads.svaticana.quilisma}
\lilyGlyph{noteheads.svaticana.reverse.plica}
\lilyGlyph{noteheads.svaticana.reverse.vplica}
\lilyGlyph{noteheads.svaticana.upes}
\lilyGlyph{noteheads.svaticana.vepiphonus}
\lilyGlyph{noteheads.svaticana.vlpes}
\lilyGlyph{noteheads.svaticana.vplica}
\lilyGlyph{noteheads.svaticana.vupes}
\lilyGlyph{noteheads.u0doFunk}
\lilyGlyph{noteheads.u0fa}
\lilyGlyph{noteheads.u0faFunk}
\lilyGlyph{noteheads.u0faThin}
\lilyGlyph{noteheads.u0miFunk}
\lilyGlyph{noteheads.u0reFunk}
\lilyGlyph{noteheads.u0tiFunk}
\lilyGlyph{noteheads.u1do}
\lilyGlyph{noteheads.u1doFunk}
\lilyGlyph{noteheads.u1doThin}
\lilyGlyph{noteheads.u1doWalker}
\lilyGlyph{noteheads.u1fa}
\lilyGlyph{noteheads.u1faFunk}
\lilyGlyph{noteheads.u1faThin}
\lilyGlyph{noteheads.u1faWalker}
\lilyGlyph{noteheads.u1miFunk}
\lilyGlyph{noteheads.u1re}
\lilyGlyph{noteheads.u1reFunk}
\lilyGlyph{noteheads.u1reThin}
\lilyGlyph{noteheads.u1reWalker}
\lilyGlyph{noteheads.u1ti}
\lilyGlyph{noteheads.u1tiFunk}
\lilyGlyph{noteheads.u1tiThin}
\lilyGlyph{noteheads.u1tiWalker}

(continued on next page)

165
 (continued from previous page)
\lilyGlyph{noteheads.u1triangle}
\lilyGlyph{noteheads.u2do}
\lilyGlyph{noteheads.u2doFunk}
\lilyGlyph{noteheads.u2doThin}
\lilyGlyph{noteheads.u2doWalker}
\lilyGlyph{noteheads.u2fa}
\lilyGlyph{noteheads.u2faFunk}
\lilyGlyph{noteheads.u2faThin}
\lilyGlyph{noteheads.u2faWalker}
\lilyGlyph{noteheads.u2kievan}
\lilyGlyph{noteheads.u2re}
\lilyGlyph{noteheads.u2reFunk}
\lilyGlyph{noteheads.u2reThin}
\lilyGlyph{noteheads.u2reWalker}
\lilyGlyph{noteheads.u2ti}
\lilyGlyph{noteheads.u2tiFunk}
\lilyGlyph{noteheads.u2tiThin}
\lilyGlyph{noteheads.u2tiWalker}
\lilyGlyph{noteheads.u2triangle}
\lilyGlyph{noteheads.u3kievan}
\lilyGlyph{noteheads.uM2}
\lilyGlyph{noteheads.uM2blackmensural}
\lilyGlyph{noteheads.uM2mensural}
\lilyGlyph{noteheads.uM2neomensural}
\lilyGlyph{noteheads.uM2semimensural}
\lilyGlyph{noteheads.uM3blackmensural}
\lilyGlyph{noteheads.uM3mensural}
\lilyGlyph{noteheads.uM3neomensural}
\lilyGlyph{noteheads.uM3semimensural}
\lilyGlyph{noteheads.urM2mensural}
\lilyGlyph{noteheads.urM2neomensural}
\lilyGlyph{noteheads.urM2semimensural}
\lilyGlyph{noteheads.urM3mensural}
\lilyGlyph{noteheads.urM3neomensural}
\lilyGlyph{noteheads.urM3semimensural}

Table 448: Named Accordion Symbols

\lilyGlyph{accordion.bayanbass} \lilyGlyph{accordion.oldEE}
\lilyGlyph{accordion.discant} \lilyGlyph{accordion.pull}
\lilyGlyph{accordion.dot} \lilyGlyph{accordion.push}
\lilyGlyph{accordion.freebass} \lilyGlyph{accordion.stdbass}

defines shorter names for all of these symbols except

\lilyGlyph{accordion.dot}. See Table 439.

166

lilyglyphs
 Table 449: Named Accidentals

\lilyGlyph{accidentals.doublesharp}
\lilyGlyph{accidentals.flat}
\lilyGlyph{accidentals.flat.arrowboth}
\lilyGlyph{accidentals.flat.arrowdown}
\lilyGlyph{accidentals.flat.arrowup}
\lilyGlyph{accidentals.flat.slash}
\lilyGlyph{accidentals.flat.slashslash}
\lilyGlyph{accidentals.flatflat}
\lilyGlyph{accidentals.flatflat.slash}
\lilyGlyph{accidentals.hufnagelM1}
\lilyGlyph{accidentals.kievan1}
\lilyGlyph{accidentals.kievanM1}
\lilyGlyph{accidentals.leftparen}
\lilyGlyph{accidentals.medicaeaM1}
\lilyGlyph{accidentals.mensural1}
\lilyGlyph{accidentals.mensuralM1}
\lilyGlyph{accidentals.mirroredflat}
\lilyGlyph{accidentals.mirroredflat.backslash}
\lilyGlyph{accidentals.mirroredflat.flat}
\lilyGlyph{accidentals.natural}

\lilyGlyph{accidentals.natural.arrowboth}
\lilyGlyph{accidentals.natural.arrowdown}
\lilyGlyph{accidentals.natural.arrowup}
\lilyGlyph{accidentals.rightparen}
\lilyGlyph{accidentals.sharp}

\lilyGlyph{accidentals.sharp.arrowboth}
\lilyGlyph{accidentals.sharp.arrowdown}
\lilyGlyph{accidentals.sharp.arrowup}
\lilyGlyph{accidentals.sharp.slashslash.stem}
\lilyGlyph{accidentals.sharp.slashslash.stemstemstem}
\lilyGlyph{accidentals.sharp.slashslashslash.stem}
\lilyGlyph{accidentals.sharp.slashslashslash.stemstem}
\lilyGlyph{accidentals.vaticana0}
\lilyGlyph{accidentals.vaticanaM1}

defines shorter names for a few of these symbols. See Table 433.

Table 450: Named Arrowheads

\lilyGlyph{arrowheads.close.01} \lilyGlyph{arrowheads.open.01}
\lilyGlyph{arrowheads.close.0M1} \lilyGlyph{arrowheads.open.0M1}
\lilyGlyph{arrowheads.close.11} \lilyGlyph{arrowheads.open.11}
\lilyGlyph{arrowheads.close.1M1} \lilyGlyph{arrowheads.open.1M1}

167

lilyglyphs
 Table 451: Named Alphanumerics and Punctuation
\lilyGlyph{zero} \lilyGlyph{four} \lilyGlyph{eight}
\lilyGlyph{one} \lilyGlyph{five} \lilyGlyph{nine}
\lilyGlyph{two} \lilyGlyph{six}
\lilyGlyph{three} \lilyGlyph{seven}

\lilyGlyph{f} \lilyGlyph{p} \lilyGlyph{s}

\lilyGlyph{m} \lilyGlyph{r} \lilyGlyph{z}

\lilyGlyph{comma} \lilyGlyph{period}
\lilyGlyph{hyphen} \lilyGlyph{plus}

See Table 435 for an alternative way to typeset dynamics letters.

additionally provides a \lilyText command that can be useful for typesetting
groups of the preceding symbols. See the documentation for more
information.

Table 452: Miscellaneous Named Musical Symbols

\lilyGlyph{brackettips.down} \lilyGlyph{dots.dotvaticana}
\lilyGlyph{brackettips.up} \lilyGlyph{ties.lyric.default}
\lilyGlyph{dots.dot} \lilyGlyph{ties.lyric.short}
\lilyGlyph{dots.dotkievan}

168

lilyglyphs
8 Other symbols

The following are all the symbols that didnt fit neatly or unambiguously into any of the previous
sections. (Do weather symbols belong under Science and technology? Should dice be considered
mathematics?) While some of the tables contain clearly related groups of symbols (e.g., symbols
related to various board games), others represent motley assortments of whatever the font designer felt
like drawing.

Table 453: textcomp Genealogical Symbols

b \textborn c \textdivorced m \textmarried
d \textdied l \textleaf

Table 454: wasysym General Symbols

m \ataribox  \clock  \LEFTarrow  \RIGHTarrow

\bell  \diameter " \leftturn ! \rightturn
- \blacksmiley L \DOWNarrow  \lightning , \smiley
1 \Bowtie / \frownie  \phone \sun
| \brokenvert  \invdiameter \pointer K \UParrow
 \checked 6 \kreuz  \recorder \wasylozenge

Table 455: manfnt Dangerous Bend Symbols

 \dbend ~ \lhdbend \reversedvideodbend

Note that these symbols descend far beneath the baseline. manfnt also de-
fines non-descending versions, which it calls, correspondingly, \textdbend,
\textlhdbend, and \textreversedvideodbend.

Table 456: Miscellaneous manfnt Symbols

 \manboldkidney  \manpenkidney
$ \manconcentriccircles & \manquadrifolium
% \manconcentricdiamond \manquartercircle
# \mancone ' \manrotatedquadrifolium
 \mancube " \manrotatedquartercircle
y \manerrarrow  \manstar
! \manfilledquartercircle  \mantiltpennib
 \manhpennib 7 \mantriangledown
 \manimpossiblecube x \mantriangleright
 \mankidney 6 \mantriangleup
 \manlhpenkidney  \manvpennib

Table 457: marvosym Media Control Symbols

\Forward \MoveDown \RewindToIndex \ToTop
\ForwardToEnd \MoveUp \RewindToStart
\ForwardToIndex \Rewind \ToBottom

169
 Table 458: marvosym Laundry Symbols
\AtForty \Handwash \ShortNinetyFive
\AtNinetyFive \IroningI \ShortSixty
\AtSixty \IroningII \ShortThirty
\Bleech \IroningIII \SpecialForty
\CleaningA \NoBleech \Tumbler
\CleaningF \NoChemicalCleaning \WashCotton
\CleaningFF \NoIroning \WashSynthetics
\CleaningP \NoTumbler \WashWool
\CleaningPP \ShortFifty
\Dontwash \ShortForty

Table 459: marvosym Information Symbols

\Bicycle x \Gentsroom Z \PointingHand
U \ClockLogo I \Industry w \Wheelchair
K \Coffeecup i \Info b \WritingHand
o \Football y \Ladiesroom

Table 460: Other marvosym Symbols

\Ankh \Bouquet \Heart f \PeaceDove
\Bat \Celtcross \ManFace \Smiley
F \BOLogo \CircledA \MineSign \WomanFace
M \BOLogoL \Cross m \Mundus Y \Yinyang
N \BOLogoP \Frowny @ \MVAt

Table 461: Miscellaneous universa Symbols

\bauforms \bauhead

Table 462: Miscellaneous fourier Symbols

L \bomb M \grimace N \textthing* T \textxswup*
B \danger A \noway U \textxswdown*
*
fourier defines math-mode synonyms for a few of the preceding symbols:
\thething (N), \xswordsup (T), and \xswordsdown (U).

170
 Table 463: ifsym Weather Symbols
 \Cloud  \Hail  \Sleet  \WeakRain
\FilledCloud  \HalfSun  \Snow  \WeakRainCloud
! \FilledRainCloud  \Lightning  \SnowCloud $ \FilledSnowCloud
# \FilledSunCloud  \NoSun  \Sun
" \FilledWeakRainCloud  \Rain  \SunCloud
 \Fog  \RainCloud  \ThinFog

In addition, \Thermo{0}. . .\Thermo{6} produce thermometers that are be-

tween 0/6 and 6/6 full of mercury:    


Similarly, \wind{sun}{angle}{strength} will draw wind symbols with a

given amount of sun (04), a given angle (in degrees), and a given strength in
km/h (0100). For example, \wind{0}{0}{0} produces 0 , \wind{2}{0}{0}
produces  0 , and \wind{4}{0}{100} produces  : .

Table 464: ifsym Alpine Symbols

 \SummitSign  \Summit  \SurveySign  \HalfFilledHut
 \StoneMan  \Mountain  \Joch  \VarSummit
 \Hut  \IceMountain  \Flag
  
 
\FilledHut \VarMountain \VarFlag
\Village  \VarIceMountain  \Tent

Table 465: ifsym Clocks

\Interval \StopWatchStart \VarClock \Wecker

\StopWatchEnd \Taschenuhr \VarTaschenuhr

ifsym also exports a \showclock macro. \showclock{hours}{minutes}

D
outputs a clock displaying the corresponding time. For instance,
\showclock{5}{40} produces . hours must be an integer from 0 to 11,
and minutes must be an integer multiple of 5 from 0 to 55.

Table 466: Other ifsym Symbols

 \FilledSectioningDiamond \Letter  \Radiation
\Fire  \PaperLandscape
\SectioningDiamond
 \Irritant  \PaperPortrait ( \Telephone

 \Cube{1}  \Cube{3} \Cube{5}

 \Cube{2}  \Cube{4}
\Cube{6}

: \StrokeOne :: \StrokeThree ; \StrokeFive

: \StrokeTwo :: \StrokeFour

171
 Table 467: clock Clocks

i i0

\ClockStyle \ClockFramefalse \ClockFrametrue

0
1 1i
2i 0i1
0i2
3i 0i3
2
3

The clock package provides a \clock command to typeset an arbitrary time on

an analog clock (and \clocktime to typeset the documents build time). For
example, the clocks in the above table were produced with \clock{15}{41}.
Clock symbols are composed from a font of clock-face fragments using one of
four values for \ClockStyle and either \ClockFrametrue or \ClockFrametrue
as illustrated above. See the clock documentation for more information.

Table 468: epsdice Dice

\epsdice{1} \epsdice{3} \epsdice{5}
\epsdice{2} \epsdice{4} \epsdice{6}

Table 469: hhcount Dice

\fcdice{1} \fcdice{3} \fcdice{5}
\fcdice{2} \fcdice{4} \fcdice{6}

The \fcdice command accepts values larger than 6. For example,

\fcdice{47} produces .

Table 470: stix Dice

\dicei \diceiii \dicev
\diceii \diceiv \dicevi

172
 Table 471: bullcntr Tally Markers

\bullcntr{1 }
\bullcntr{4 }
\bullcntr{7 }

\bullcntr{2 }
\bullcntr{5 }
\bullcntr{8 }

\bullcntr{3 }
\bullcntr{6 }

\bullcntr{9 }

The notation for \bullcntr used in the above bears explanation. \bullcntr
does not take a number as its argument but rather a LATEX counter, whose value
it uses to typeset a tally marker. \bullcntr{3 }, for example, means to in-
voke \bullcntr with a counter whose value is 3. (\bullcntr usage is therefore
akin to that of LATEXs \fnsymbol.) The intention is to use \bullcntr indi-
rectly via the bullenum packages bullenum environment, which is a variation
on the enumerate environment that uses \bullcntr to typeset the labels.

To typeset individual tally markers, one can define a helper command:

\newcounter{bull}
\newcommand{\showbullcntr}[1]{%
\setcounter{bull}{#1}%
\bullcntr{bull}%
}

bullcntrs package options smallctrbull, largectrbull, and heartctrbull and cor-

responding commands \smallctrbull, \largectrbull, and \heartctrbull
control the formatting of each tally marker:

small large heart

\bullcntr{5 }

The default is smartctrbull (\smartctrbull), which maps counter values 15

to large pips and 69 to small pips. It is also possible to use arbitrary symbols
for \bullcntrs pips. See the bullcntr documentation for more information.

Table 472: hhcount Tally Markers

\fcscore{1} \fcscore{3} \fcscore{5}
\fcscore{2} \fcscore{4}

The \fcscore command accepts values larger than 5. For example,

\fcscore{47} produces .

Table 473: dozenal Tally Markers

1 \tally{1} 3 \tally{3} 5 \tally{5}
2 \tally{2} 4 \tally{4} 6 \tally{6}

173
 Table 474: skull Symbols
A \skull

Table 475: Non-Mathematical mathabx Symbols

O \rip

Table 476: skak Chess Informator Symbols

g \bbetter d \doublepawns q \seppawns
i \bdecisive L \ending O-O \shortcastling
b \betteris j \equal T \timelimit
a \bishoppair H \file k \unclear
e \bupperhand O \kside u \unitedpawns
X \capturesymbol O-O-O \longcastling R \various
O \castlingchar x \markera f \wbetter
- \castlinghyphen y \markerb h \wdecisive
I \centre m \mate J \weakpt
+ \checksymbol S \morepawns v \with
RR \chesscomment U \moreroom A \withattack
P \chessetc N \novelty E \withidea
l \chesssee F \onlymove C \withinit
n \compensation o \opposbishops w \without
V \counterplay r \passedpawn c \wupperhand
t \devadvantage M \qside D \zugzwang
G \diagonal s \samebishops

174
 Table 477: skak Chess Pieces and Chessboard Squares

a \BlackBishopOnBlack s \BlackRookOnBlack J \WhiteKingOnBlack

b \BlackBishopOnWhite r \BlackRookOnWhite K \WhiteKingOnWhite

Z \BlackEmptySquare B \symbishop M \WhiteKnightOnBlack

j \BlackKingOnBlack K \symking N \WhiteKnightOnWhite

k \BlackKingOnWhite N \symknight O \WhitePawnOnBlack

m \BlackKnightOnBlack p \sympawn P \WhitePawnOnWhite

n \BlackKnightOnWhite Q \symqueen L \WhiteQueenOnBlack

o \BlackPawnOnBlack R \symrook Q \WhiteQueenOnWhite

p \BlackPawnOnWhite A \WhiteBishopOnBlack S \WhiteRookOnBlack

l \BlackQueenOnBlack B \WhiteBishopOnWhite R \WhiteRookOnWhite

q \BlackQueenOnWhite 0 \WhiteEmptySquare

The skak package also provides commands for drawing complete chessboards.
See the skak documentation for more information.

Table 478: igo Go Symbols

} \blackstone[\igocircle]
| \blackstone[\igocross]
\blackstone[\igonone]
~ \blackstone[\igosquare]
 \blackstone[\igotriangle]
} \whitestone[\igocircle]
| \whitestone[\igocross]
\whitestone[\igonone]
~ \whitestone[\igosquare]
 \whitestone[\igotriangle]

In addition to the symbols shown above, igos \blackstone and \whitestone


commands accept numbers from 1 to 99 and display them circled as , ,
 c
, ...,
 c
and , , , . . . , , respectively.

The igo package is intended to typeset complete Go boards (goban). See the
igo documentation for more information.

175
 Table 479: go Go Symbols
  

 ~
\botborder \lftbotcorner \rttopcorner

 
\empty \lfttopcorner \square

 
\hoshi \rtborder \topborder
\lftborder \rtbotcorner \triangle

In addition to the board fragments and stones shown above, gos \black and

 }
 }
\white commands accept numbers from 1 to 253 and display them circled as

~
, , , ..., and , , , . . . , , respectively. \black and \white

 ~ 
additionally accept \square and \triangle as arguments, producing and
and for \black and and and for \white.

The go package is intended to typeset complete Go boards (goban). See the

go documentation for more information.

Table 480: metre Metrical Symbols

\a

\bBm \cc \Mbb \Pppp \t
\B

\bbm \Ccc \mbbx \pppp \tsbm
\b

\Bbm

\m \oo \Ppppp \tsmb
\Bb \bbmb \M \p \ppppp \tsmm


\BB \bbmx
\ma \pm \ps \vppm

\bb
\bm \Mb \pp \pxp

\vpppm
\bB \Bm \mb \Pp \Pxp \x

\bba \c \mBb

\ppm \R
\bbb \C \mbB
\ppp \r

\BBm \Cc \mbb \Ppp \T

The preceding symbols are valid only within the argument to the metre com-
mand.

Table 481: metre Small and Large Metrical Symbols

\anaclasis \Anaclasis
< \antidiple < \Antidiple

< \antidiple*
< \Antidiple*

\antisigma \Antisigma

\asteriscus
\Asteriscus
\catalexis \Catalexis
> \diple > \Diple

>
\diple* > \Diple*
\obelus \Obelus
\obelus* \Obelus*
\respondens \Respondens
\terminus \Terminus
\terminus* \Terminus*

176
 Table 482: teubner Metrical Symbols
\aeolicbii \barbrevis \ipercatal
\aeolicbiii \bbrevis \longa
\aeolicbiv \brevis \ubarbbrevis
\anceps \catal \ubarbrevis
\ancepsdbrevis \corona \ubarsbrevis
\banceps \coronainv \ubrevislonga
H
\barbbrevis \hiatus

The teubner package provides a \newmetrics command that helps users com-
bine the preceding symbols as well as other teubner symbols. For example, the
predefined \pentam symbol uses \newmetrics to juxtapose six \longas, two
\barbbrevises, four \brevises, and a \dBar into ||.
See the teubner documentation for more information.

Table 483: dictsym Dictionary Symbols

a \dsaeronautical c \dscommercial m \dsmedical
G \dsagricultural H \dsheraldical X \dsmilitary
A \dsarchitectural J \dsjuridical R \dsrailways
B \dsbiological L \dsliterary T \dstechnical
C \dschemical M \dsmathematical

Table 484: simpsons Characters from The Simpsons

 \Bart  \Homer
\Maggie
\SNPP

 \Burns  \Lisa  \Marge

The location of the characters pupils can be controlled with the \Goofy com-
mand. See A METAFONT of Simpsons characters [Che97] for more informa-
tion. Also, each of the above can be prefixed with \Left to make the character
face left instead of right:

 \Left\Bart

177
 Table 485: pmboxdraw Box-Drawing Symbols
\textblock \textSFli \textSFxli \textSFxxiii
\textdkshade \textSFlii \textSFxlii \textSFxxiv
\textdnblock \textSFliii \textSFxliii \textSFxxv
\textlfblock \textSFliv \textSFxliv \textSFxxvi
\textltshade \textSFv \textSFxlix \textSFxxvii
\textrtblock \textSFvi \textSFxlv \textSFxxviii
\textSFi \textSFvii \textSFxlvi \textSFxxxix
\textSFii \textSFviii \textSFxlvii \textSFxxxvi
\textSFiii \textSFx \textSFxlviii \textSFxxxvii
\textSFiv \textSFxi \textSFxx \textSFxxxviii
\textSFix \textSFxix \textSFxxi \textshade
\textSFl \textSFxl \textSFxxii \textupblock

Code Page 437 (CP437), which was first utilized by the original IBM PC,
contains the set of box-drawing symbols (sides, corners, and intersections of
single- and double-ruled boxes) shown above in character positions 176223.
These symbols also appear in the Unicode Box Drawing and Block Element
tables.

The pmboxdraw package draws the CP437 box-drawing symbols using TEX
rules (specifically, \vrule) instead of with a font and thereby provides the
ability to alter both rule width and the separation between rules. See the
pmboxdraw documentation for more information.

Table 486: staves Magical Staves

\staveI  \staveXXIV . \staveXLVII

\staveII  \staveXXV / \staveXLVIII

 \staveIII  \staveXXVI 0 \staveXLIX

 \staveIV  \staveXXVII 1 \staveL

 \staveV  \staveXXVIII 2 \staveLI

 \staveVI  \staveXXIX 3 \staveLII

 \staveVII  \staveXXX 4 \staveLIII

 \staveVIII  \staveXXXI 5 \staveLIV

 \staveIX  \staveXXXII 6 \staveLV

\staveX \staveXXXIII 7 \staveLVI

\staveXI ! \staveXXXIV 8 \staveLVII

(continued on next page)

178
(continued from previous page)

 \staveXII " \staveXXXV 9 \staveLVIII

 \staveXIII # \staveXXXVI : \staveLIX

\staveXIV
 \staveXV
 \staveXVI
 \staveXVII
 \staveXVIII
$ \staveXXXVII ; \staveLX
% \staveXXXVIII < \staveLXI
& \staveXXXIX = \staveLXII
' \staveXL > \staveLXIII
( \staveXLI ? \staveLXIV

 \staveXIX ) \staveXLII @ \staveLXV

 \staveXX * \staveXLIII A \staveLXVI

 \staveXXI + \staveXLIV B \staveLXVII

 \staveXXII , \staveXLV C \staveLXVIII

 \staveXXIII - \staveXLVI

The meanings of these symbols are described on the Web site for the Museum
of Icelandic Sorcery and Witchcraft at http://www.galdrasyning.is/
index.php?option=com content&task=category&sectionid=5&id=
18&Itemid=60 (TinyURL: http://tinyurl.com/25979m). For example,
\staveL (1) is intended to ward off ghosts and evil spirits.

Table 487: pigpen Cipher Symbols

A {\pigpenfont A} J {\pigpenfont J} S {\pigpenfont S}
B {\pigpenfont B} K {\pigpenfont K} T {\pigpenfont T}
C {\pigpenfont C} L {\pigpenfont L} U {\pigpenfont U}
D {\pigpenfont D} M {\pigpenfont M} V {\pigpenfont V}
E {\pigpenfont E} N {\pigpenfont N} W {\pigpenfont W}
F {\pigpenfont F} O {\pigpenfont O} X {\pigpenfont X}
G {\pigpenfont G} P {\pigpenfont P} Y {\pigpenfont Y}
H {\pigpenfont H} Q {\pigpenfont Q} Z {\pigpenfont Z}
I {\pigpenfont I} R {\pigpenfont R}

Table 488: ChinA2e Phases of the Moon

\MoonPha{1} \MoonPha{2} \MoonPha{3} \MoonPha{4}

Table 489: ChinA2e Recycling Symbols

\Greenpoint

179
 Table 490: marvosym Recycling Symbols
\PackingWaste \Recycling

A
A
Table 491: recycle Recycling Symbols

A \recycle \Recycle

\RECYCLE

The METAFONT code that implements the recycling symbols shown above
is, in the words of its author, awful code [that] doesnt even put the logo
in a box (properly). Expect to receive Inconsistent equation (off by
number ) errors from METAFONT. Fortunately, if you tell METAFONT to
proceed past those errors (e.g., by pressing Enter after each one or by specifying
-interaction=nonstopmode on the METAFONT command line) it should
produce a valid font.

The commands listed above should be used within a group

(e.g., {\recycle}) because they exhibit the side effect of changing
the font to the recycle font.

Table 492: Other ChinA2e Symbols

\Info \Request
# \Postbox @ \Telephone

Table 493: soyombo Soyombo Symbols

# \Soyombo \sA* \sO*

*
These symbols require that the Soyombo font be active ({\soyombo . . . }).

180
 Table 494: knitting Knitting Symbols
! \textknit{!} [ \textknit{[} Q \textknit{Q}
" \textknit{"} ] \textknit{]} q \textknit{q}
( \textknit{(} A \textknit{A} R \textknit{R}
) \textknit{)} a \textknit{a} r \textknit{r}
* \textknit{*} B \textknit{B} S \textknit{S}
- \textknit{-} b \textknit{b} s \textknit{s}
2 \textknit{2} E \textknit{E} T \textknit{T}
3 \textknit{3} F \textknit{F} t \textknit{t}
4 \textknit{4} f \textknit{f} U \textknit{U}
5 \textknit{5} H \textknit{H} u \textknit{u}
6 \textknit{6} h \textknit{h} V \textknit{V}
7 \textknit{7} I \textknit{I} v \textknit{v}
8 \textknit{8} i \textknit{i} W \textknit{W}
9 \textknit{9} J \textknit{J} w \textknit{w}
: \textknit{:} j \textknit{j} X \textknit{X}
; \textknit{;} L \textknit{L} x \textknit{x}
< \textknit{<} l \textknit{l} Y \textknit{Y}
= \textknit{=} M \textknit{M} y \textknit{y}
> \textknit{>} m \textknit{m} Z \textknit{Z}
@ \textknit{@} O \textknit{O} z \textknit{z}

The knitting package is intended to typeset complete knitting charts. See the
knitting documentation for more information.

Some symbols behave differently when used as part of a sequence. For

example, contrast \textknit{1} (1 1), \textknit{11} (1 1), and
1). Similarly, contrast \textknit{"} ("
\textknit{111} (1 " ) and
\textknit{""} ( ). Again, see the knitting documentation for more infor-
mation.

Table 495: CountriesOfEurope Country Maps

\Albania \Latvia

\Andorra

\Liechtenstein

\Austria \Lithuania

\Belarus

\Belgium

\Bosnia
\Luxembourg

\Macedonia

\Malta

(continued on next page)

181

(continued from previous page)

\Bulgaria \Moldova

\Croatia

\Czechia \Montenegro

\Netherlands

\Denmark \Norway

\Estonia \Poland

\Finland \Portugal

\France \Romania

\Germany \Serbia

\GreatBritain \Slovakia

\Greece \Slovenia

(continued on next page)

182
(continued from previous page)

\Hungary \Spain

\Iceland

\Ireland

\Sweden

\Switzerland

\Italy

The preceding commands work only when the CountriesOfEurope font family
is active. For convenience, the package defines a \CountriesOfEuropeFamily
command that switches to that font family.

By default, countries are drawn in the current font size. Hence,

{\CountriesOfEuropeFamily\France} draws a nearly unrecognizable .
For clarity of presentation, Table 495 scales each glyph to 72 pt. via an explicit
\fontsize{72}{72}. An alternative is to specify the scaled package option to
scale all country glyphs by a given factor of the font size.

Table 496: Miscellaneous arev Symbols

\anchor \invsmileface \skull \warning
\biohazard \radiation \smileface \yinyang
\heavyqtleft \recycle \steaming
\heavyqtright \sadface \swords

Table 497: cookingsymbols Cooking Symbols

 \Bottomheat  \Fork  \Knife
\Topbottomheat
 \Dish  \Gasstove \Oven  \Topheat
 \Fanoven
\Gloves \Spoon

183
 Table 498: tikzsymbols Cooking Symbols
\bakingplate \cooker \oven \rollingpin
\blender \eggbeater \pan \sieve
\bottle \fryingpan \peeler \squeezer
\bowl \grater \pot \trident

tikzsymbols defines German-language aliases for each of the above: \Backblech

for \bakingplate, \Bratpfanne for \fryingpan, \Dreizack for \trident,
\Flasche for \bottle, \Herd for \cooker, \Kochtopf for \pot, \Nudelholz
for \rollingpin, \Ofen for \oven, \Pfanne for \pan, \Purierstab for
\blender, \Reibe for \grater, \Saftpresse for \squeezer, \Schaler for
\peeler, \Schneebesen for \eggbeater, \Schussel for \bowl, and \Sieb for
\sieve.

All tikzsymbols symbols are implemented with Tik Z graphics, not with a font.

Table 499: tikzsymbols Emoticons

\Annoey \Neutrey \rWalley \Vomey
\Cat \NiceReapey \Sadey \Walley
\Cooley \Ninja \Sey \Winkey
\Innocey \Nursey \Smiley \wInnocey
\Laughey \oldWinkey \Tongey \Xey

All tikzsymbols symbols are implemented with Tik Z graphics, not with a font.
Hence, symbols like \Ninja can include color. In fact, most of the commands
shown above accept one or more color arguments for further customization.
See the tikzsymbols documentation for more information.

Table 500: tikzsymbols 3D Emoticons

\dAnnoey \dNinja \dSmiley \dXey
\dCooley \dNursey \dTongey \olddWinkey
\dInnocey \drWalley \dVomey
\dLaughey \dSadey \dWalley
\dNeutrey \dSey \dWinkey

All tikzsymbols symbols are implemented with Tik Z graphics, not with a font.
Hence, all of the symbols shown above can include color. In fact, each command
in Table 500 accepts one or more color arguments for further customization.
See the tikzsymbols documentation for more information.

Table 501: tikzsymbols Trees

\Autumntree \Summertree \WorstTree
\Springtree \Wintertree

All tikzsymbols symbols are implemented with Tik Z graphics, not with a font.
Hence, all of the symbols shown above can include color. tikzsymbols addition-
ally defines a \BasicTree command that supports customization of trunk and
leaf colors. See the tikzsymbols documentation for more information.

184
 Table 502: Miscellaneous tikzsymbols Symbols
\Bed \Chair \Fire \Snowman \Tribar
\Candle K \Coffeecup \Moai \Strichmaxerl

All tikzsymbols symbols are implemented with Tik Z graphics, not with a font.
\Tribar supports customization of the fill color for each bar. \Strichmaxerl
supports customization of the angles at which the stick figures arms and legs
are drawn. See the tikzsymbols documentation for more information.

Table 503: Miscellaneous bclogo Symbols

\bcattention \bcetoile \bcpanchant

\bcbombe \bcfemme \bcpeaceandlove

\bcbook \bcfeujaune \bcpluie

1
JAN
\bccalendrier \bcfeurouge \bcplume

\bccle \bcfeutricolore \bcpoisson

\bcclefa \bcfeuvert \bcquestion

\bcclesol \bcfleur \bcrecyclage

\bccoeur \bchomme \bcrosevents

\bccrayon \bchorloge \bcsmbh

\bccube \bcicosaedre \bcsmmh

\bcdallemagne \bcinfo \bcsoleil

\bcdanger \bcinterdit \bcspadesuit

STOP
\bcdautriche \bclampe \bcstop

\bcdbelgique \bcloupe \bctakecare

\bcdbulgarie \bcneige \bctetraedre

\bcdfrance \bcnote \bctrefle

\bcditalie \bcnucleaire \bctrombone

\bcdluxembourg \bcoctaedre \bcvaletcoeur

\bcdodecaedre \bcoeil \bcvelo

(continued on next page)

185
 (continued from previous page)

\bcdpaysbas \bcorne \bcyin

\bcdz \bcours

\bceclaircie \bcoutil

All bclogo symbols are implemented with Tik Z (or alternatively, PSTricks)
graphics, not with a font. This is how the symbols shown above can include
color.

Table 504: fontawesome Web-Related Icons

\fa500px \faFemale \faPlane

\faAdjust m \faFighterJet \faPlay
\faAdn n \faFile \faPlayCircle
\faAlignCenter 3 \faFileArchiveO \faPlayCircleO
\faAlignJustify 4 \faFileAudioO J \faPlug
\faAlignLeft 6 \faFileCodeO + \faPlus
\faAlignRight 0 \faFileExcelO + \faPlusCircle
\faAmazon 2 \faFileImageO Z \faPlusSquare
\faAmbulance o \faFileO +o \faPlusSquareO
\faAnchor \faFilePdfO \faPowerOff
\faAndroid 1 \faFilePowerpointO \faPrint
h \faAngellist < \faFilesO \faPuzzlePiece
\faAngleDoubleDown p \faFileText \faQq
\faAngleDoubleLeft q \faFileTextO \faQrcode
\faAngleDoubleRight 5 \faFileVideoO ? \faQuestion
\faAngleDoubleUp / \faFileWordO ? \faQuestionCircle
\faAngleDown r \faFilm \faQuoteLeft
\faAngleLeft s \faFilter \faQuoteRight
\faAngleRight t \faFire \faRandom
\faAngleUp u \faFireExtinguisher \faRebel
\faApple \faFirefox ( \faRecycle
\faArchive v \faFlag \ \faReddit
^ \faAreaChart x \faFlagCheckered  \faRedditSquare
* \faAsterisk w \faFlagO \faRefresh
[ \faAt
\faFlask \faRenren
\faBackward y \faFlickr \faReply
\faBalanceScale \faFloppyO \faReplyAll
\faBan z \faFolder \faRetweet
| \faBarChart { \faFolderO \faRoad
\faBarcode | \faFolderOpen \faRocket
\faBars } \faFolderOpenO \faRss
\faBatteryEmpty ~ \faFont  \faRssSquare
\faBatteryFull \faFonticons \faSafari
\faBatteryHalf n \faForumbee @ \faScissors
\faBatteryQuarter \faForward \faSearch
\faBatteryThreeQuarters \faFoursquare y \faSearchMinus

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(continued from previous page)

\faBed \faFrownO x \faSearchPlus

 \faBeer G \faFutbolO o \faSellsy
$ \faBehance \faGamepad \faServer
% \faBehanceSquare \faGavel \faShare
 \faBell \faGetPocket \faShareAlt
 \faBellO c \faGg E \faShareAltSquare
W \faBellSlash d \faGgCircle \faShareSquare
X \faBellSlashO \faGift \faShareSquareO
e \faBicycle < \faGit \faShield
I \faBinoculars \faGithub v \faShip
] \faBirthdayCake \faGithubAlt p \faShirtsinbulk
[ \faBitbucket \faGithubSquare
\faShoppingCart
 \faBitbucketSquare \faGitSquare  \faSignal
f \faBlackTie \faGlass  \faSignIn
 \faBold \faGlobe  \faSignOut
 \faBolt \faGoogle q \faSimplybuilt
F \faBomb + \faGooglePlus  \faSitemap
 \faBook + \faGooglePlusSquare r \faSkyatlas
\faBookmark R \faGoogleWallet  \faSkype

\faBookmarkO  \faGraduationCap  \faSlack

 \faBriefcase \faGratipay D \faSliders
\faBug = \faHackerNews K \faSlideshare
 \faBuilding \faHddO  \faSmileO
 \faBuildingO B \faHeader \faSort
 \faBullhorn \faHeadphones
\faSortAlphaAsc
\faBullseye \faHeart  \faSortAlphaDesc
f \faBus z \faHeartbeat  \faSortAmountAsc
l \faBuysellads \faHeartO  \faSortAmountDesc
P \faCalculator @ \faHistory  \faSortAsc
 \faCalendar \faHome  \faSortDesc
\faCalendarCheckO \faHospitalO \faSortNumericAsc
\faCalendarMinusO \faHourglass  \faSortNumericDesc
 \faCalendarO \faHourglassEnd . \faSoundcloud
\faCalendarPlusO \faHourglassHalf  \faSpaceShuttle
\faCalendarTimesO \faHourglassO  \faSpinner
 \faCamera \faHourglassStart ! \faSpoon
 \faCameraRetro \faHouzz , \faSpotify
) \faCar h \faHSquare  \faStackExchange
 \faCaretDown \faHtml5  \faStackOverflow
 \faCaretLeft \faICursor & \faSteam
 \faCaretRight \faInbox ' \faSteamSquare
4 \faCaretSquareODown \faIndent  \faStepBackward
 \faCaretSquareOLeft \faIndustry  \faStepForward
 \faCaretSquareORight \faInfo  \faStethoscope
5 \faCaretSquareOUp \faInfoCircle \faStickyNote
 \faCaretUp \faInstagram \faStickyNoteO
t \faCartArrowDown \faInternetExplorer  \faStop
s \faCartPlus g \faIoxhost y \faStreetView
i \faCc \faItalic  \faStrikethrough
_ \faCcAmex  \faJoomla ] \faStumbleupon
\faCcDinersClub 9 \faJsfiddle  \faStumbleuponCircle
T \faCcDiscover \faKey  \faSubscript
\faCcJcb \faKeyboardO \faSubway

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187
(continued from previous page)

S \faCcMastercard ^ \faLanguage  \faSuitcase

U \faCcPaypal \faLaptop \faSuperscript
V \faCcStripe a \faLastfm ! \faTable
\faCcVisa b \faLastfmSquare " \faTablet
 \faCertificate \faLeaf A \faTachometer
a \faChainBroken b \faLeanpub # \faTag
\faChild \faLemonO $ \faTags
\faChrome \faLevelDown % \faTasks
\faClipboard \faLevelUp * \faTaxi
/ \faClockO : \faLifeRing \faTelevision
\faClone \faLightbulbO \faTencentWeibo
, \faCloud ` \faLineChart & \faTerminal
- \faCloudDownload \faLink ' \faTextHeight
. \faCloudUpload \faLinkedin ( \faTextWidth
/ \faCode \faLinkedinSquare ) \faTh
0 \faCodeFork \faLinux * \faThLarge
8 \faCodepen \faList + \faThList
1 \faCoffee \faListAlt \faThumbTack
2 \faCog \faListOl . \faTicket
3 \faCogs 9 \faListUl 0 \faTint
6 \faColumns \faLocationArrow c \faToggleOff
7 \faComment \faLock d \faToggleOn
\faCommenting \faMagic \faTrain
\faCommentingO \faMagnet Y \faTrash
8 \faCommentO \faMale 1 \faTrashO
9 \faComments \faMap + \faTree
: \faCommentsO \faMapMarker 2 \faTrello
\faCompass \faMapO \faTripadvisor
\faCompress \faMapPin 3 \faTrophy
m \faConnectdevelop \faMapSigns 4 \faTruck
\faContao \faMaxcdn H \faTty
= \faCreditCard k \faMeanpath 5 \faTumblr
> \faCrop \faMedium 6 \faTumblrSquare
\faCrosshairs \faMedkit L \faTwitch
? \faCss3 \faMehO 7 \faTwitter
" \faCube \faMicrophone 8 \faTwitterSquare
# \faCubes \faMicrophoneSlash : \faUmbrella
 \faCutlery \faMinus ; \faUnderline
a \faDashcube \faMinusCircle  \faUniversity
\faDatabase \faMinusSquare b \faUnlock
 \faDelicious \faMinusSquareO c \faUnlockAlt
B \faDesktop \faMobile e \faUpload
- \faDeviantart \faMoney g \faUser
u \faDiamond x \faMotorcycle h \faUserMd
 \faDigg \faMousePointer \faUserPlus
I \faDownload \faMusic \faUsers
J \faDribbble N \faNewspaperO w \faUserSecret
K \faDropbox \faObjectGroup \faUserTimes
 \faDrupal \faObjectUngroup i \faVideoCamera
N \faEject e \faOdnoklassniki \faVimeo
\faEllipsisH \faOdnoklassnikiSquare j \faVimeoSquare
\faEllipsisV \faOpencart 7 \faVine
\faEmpire  \faOpenid k \faVk

(continued on next page)

188
(continued from previous page)

R \faEnvelope \faOpera l \faVolumeDown

Q \faEnvelopeO \faOptinMonster m \faVolumeOff
 \faEnvelopeSquare \faOutdent n \faVolumeUp

\faEraser \faPagelines p \faWeibo
T \faExchange ` \faPaintBrush \faWeixin
U \faExclamation \faPaperclip \faWhatsapp
V \faExclamationCircle > \faPaperPlane  \faWheelchair
o \faExclamationTriangle ? \faPaperPlaneO O \faWifi
\faExpand C \faParagraph \faWikipediaW
\faExpeditedssl \faPause q \faWindows
W \faExternalLink \faPaw  \faWordpress
 \faExternalLinkSquare Q \faPaypal r \faWrench
Y \faEye \faPhone s \faXing
\ \faEyedropper \faPhoneSquare t \faXingSquare
X \faEyeSlash \faPictureO  \faYahoo
g \faFacebook _ \faPieChart \faYCombinator
\faFacebookOfficial \faPiedPiper M \faYelp
h \faFacebookSquare  \faPiedPiperAlt u \faYoutube
j \faFastBackward \faPinterest v \faYoutubePlay
k \faFastForward \faPinterestP w \faYoutubeSquare
 \faFax \faPinterestSquare

fontawesome defines synonyms for many of the preceding symbols:

) \faAutomobile 3 \faFileZipO \faRa

 \faBank  \faFlash \faReorder
| \faBarChartO \faGe \faSave
\faBattery0 2 \faGear > \faSend
\faBattery1 3 \faGears ? \faSendO
\faBattery2 \faGittip G \faSoccerBallO
\faBattery3 \faGroup  \faSortDown
\faBattery4 \faHotel  \faSortUp
* \faCab \faImage : \faSupport
\faChain  \faInstitution 4 \faToggleDown
< \faCopy \faLegal  \faToggleLeft
@ \faCut : \faLifeBouy  \faToggleRight
A \faDashboard : \faLifeSaver 5 \faToggleUp
\faDedent \faMailForward \faTv
L \faEdit \faMailReply a \faUnlink
g \faFacebookF \faMailReplyAll \faUnsorted
\faFeed \faMobilePhone o \faWarning
5 \faFileMovieO  \faMortarBoard \faWechat
2 \faFilePhotoO \faNavicon \faYc
2 \faFilePictureO \faPaste = \faYCombinatorSquare
4 \faFileSoundO \faPhoto = \faYcSquare

189
 Table 505: rubikcube Rubiks Cube Rotations
\rrhD \rrhF \rrhLw \rrhRw \rrhU
\rrhDa \rrhFp \rrhLwp \rrhRwp \rrhUa
\rrhDap \rrhFw \rrhM \rrhSd \rrhUap
\rrhDp \rrhFwp \rrhMp \rrhSdp \rrhUp
\rrhDs \rrhL \rrhR \rrhSl \rrhUs
\rrhDsp \rrhLa \rrhRa \rrhSlp \rrhUsp
\rrhDw \rrhLap \rrhRap \rrhSr \rrhUw
\rrhDwp \rrhLp \rrhRp \rrhSrp \rrhUwp
\rrhE \rrhLs \rrhRs \rrhSu
\rrhEp \rrhLsp \rrhRsp \rrhSup

All rubikcube symbols are implemented with Tik Z graphics, not with a font.
In addition to the symbols shown above, the rubikcube package defines com-
mands for combinations of textual and graphical representations of rotations
(e.g., \textRubikUa produces Ua ) as well as commands that produce
colored illustrations of Rubiks Cube configurations and rotations. See the
rubikcube documentation for more information.

190
9 Fonts with minimal LATEX support
The symbol fonts shown in this section are provided without a corresponding LATEX 2 style file that
assigns a convenient name to each glyph. Consequently, each glyph must be accessed by number. To
help with this, the pifont package defines a \Pisymbol command that typesets a specified character by
number from a specified LATEX font family. Alas, most of the fonts in this section do not even define a
LATEX font family. Hence, except where otherwise specified, a document will need to include code like
the following in its preamble:

\usepackage{pifont}
\DeclareFontFamily{U}{name}{}
\DeclareFontShape{U}{name}{m}{n}{<-> font}{}

where font is the name of the .tfm font file (or .mf font file, from which a .tfm font file can be
generated automatically), and name is a name to use to refer to that font. Its generally good practice
to use the name of the font file for name, as in the following:

\usepackage{pifont}
\DeclareFontFamily{U}{hands}{}
\DeclareFontShape{U}{hands}{m}{n}{<-> hands}{}

Table 506: hands Fists

A C
B D
\Pisymbol{hands}{65} \Pisymbol{hands}{67}
\Pisymbol{hands}{66} \Pisymbol{hands}{68}

Table 507: greenpoint Recycling Symbols

G \Pisymbol{greenpoint}{71}

Table 508: nkarta Map Symbols

! \Pisymbol{nkarta}{33} ` \Pisymbol{nkarta}{96} \Pisymbol{nkarta}{193}

" \Pisymbol{nkarta}{34}
# \Pisymbol{nkarta}{35}
$ \Pisymbol{nkarta}{36}
% \Pisymbol{nkarta}{37}
& \Pisymbol{nkarta}{38}
' \Pisymbol{nkarta}{39}
( \Pisymbol{nkarta}{40}
) \Pisymbol{nkarta}{41}
* \Pisymbol{nkarta}{42}
+ \Pisymbol{nkarta}{43}
, \Pisymbol{nkarta}{44}
- \Pisymbol{nkarta}{45}
. \Pisymbol{nkarta}{46}
/ \Pisymbol{nkarta}{47}
0 \Pisymbol{nkarta}{48}
1 \Pisymbol{nkarta}{49}
a \Pisymbol{nkarta}{97}
b \Pisymbol{nkarta}{98}
c \Pisymbol{nkarta}{99}
d \Pisymbol{nkarta}{100}
e \Pisymbol{nkarta}{101}
f \Pisymbol{nkarta}{102}
g \Pisymbol{nkarta}{103}
h \Pisymbol{nkarta}{104}
i \Pisymbol{nkarta}{105}
j \Pisymbol{nkarta}{106}
k \Pisymbol{nkarta}{107}
l \Pisymbol{nkarta}{108}
m \Pisymbol{nkarta}{109}
n \Pisymbol{nkarta}{110}
o \Pisymbol{nkarta}{111}
p \Pisymbol{nkarta}{112}
\Pisymbol{nkarta}{194}
\Pisymbol{nkarta}{195}
\Pisymbol{nkarta}{196}
\Pisymbol{nkarta}{197}
\Pisymbol{nkarta}{198}
\Pisymbol{nkarta}{199}
\Pisymbol{nkarta}{200}
\Pisymbol{nkarta}{201}
\Pisymbol{nkarta}{202}
\Pisymbol{nkarta}{203}
\Pisymbol{nkarta}{204}
\Pisymbol{nkarta}{205}
\Pisymbol{nkarta}{206}
\Pisymbol{nkarta}{207}
\Pisymbol{nkarta}{208}
\Pisymbol{nkarta}{209}

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191
(continued from previous page)
2 \Pisymbol{nkarta}{50}
3 \Pisymbol{nkarta}{51}
4 \Pisymbol{nkarta}{52}
5 \Pisymbol{nkarta}{53}
6 \Pisymbol{nkarta}{54}
7 \Pisymbol{nkarta}{55}
8 \Pisymbol{nkarta}{56}
9 \Pisymbol{nkarta}{57}
: \Pisymbol{nkarta}{58}
; \Pisymbol{nkarta}{59}
< \Pisymbol{nkarta}{60}
= \Pisymbol{nkarta}{61}
> \Pisymbol{nkarta}{62}
? \Pisymbol{nkarta}{63}
@ \Pisymbol{nkarta}{64}
A \Pisymbol{nkarta}{65}
B \Pisymbol{nkarta}{66}
C \Pisymbol{nkarta}{67}
D \Pisymbol{nkarta}{68}
E \Pisymbol{nkarta}{69}
F \Pisymbol{nkarta}{70}
G \Pisymbol{nkarta}{71}
H \Pisymbol{nkarta}{72}
I \Pisymbol{nkarta}{73}
J \Pisymbol{nkarta}{74}
K \Pisymbol{nkarta}{75}
L \Pisymbol{nkarta}{76}
M \Pisymbol{nkarta}{77}
N \Pisymbol{nkarta}{78}
O \Pisymbol{nkarta}{79}
P \Pisymbol{nkarta}{80}
Q \Pisymbol{nkarta}{81}
R \Pisymbol{nkarta}{82}
S \Pisymbol{nkarta}{83}
T \Pisymbol{nkarta}{84}
U \Pisymbol{nkarta}{85}
V \Pisymbol{nkarta}{86}
W \Pisymbol{nkarta}{87}
X \Pisymbol{nkarta}{88}
Y \Pisymbol{nkarta}{89}
Z \Pisymbol{nkarta}{90}
[ \Pisymbol{nkarta}{91}
\ \Pisymbol{nkarta}{92}
] \Pisymbol{nkarta}{93}
^ \Pisymbol{nkarta}{94}
_ \Pisymbol{nkarta}{95}
q \Pisymbol{nkarta}{113} \Pisymbol{nkarta}{210}
r \Pisymbol{nkarta}{114} \Pisymbol{nkarta}{211}
s \Pisymbol{nkarta}{115} \Pisymbol{nkarta}{212}
t \Pisymbol{nkarta}{116} \Pisymbol{nkarta}{213}
u \Pisymbol{nkarta}{117} \Pisymbol{nkarta}{214}
v \Pisymbol{nkarta}{118} \Pisymbol{nkarta}{215}
w \Pisymbol{nkarta}{119} \Pisymbol{nkarta}{216}
x \Pisymbol{nkarta}{120} \Pisymbol{nkarta}{217}
y \Pisymbol{nkarta}{121} \Pisymbol{nkarta}{218}
z \Pisymbol{nkarta}{122} \Pisymbol{nkarta}{219}
{ \Pisymbol{nkarta}{123} \Pisymbol{nkarta}{220}
| \Pisymbol{nkarta}{124} \Pisymbol{nkarta}{221}
} \Pisymbol{nkarta}{125} \Pisymbol{nkarta}{222}
~ \Pisymbol{nkarta}{126} \Pisymbol{nkarta}{223}
\Pisymbol{nkarta}{161} \Pisymbol{nkarta}{224}
\Pisymbol{nkarta}{162} \Pisymbol{nkarta}{225}
\Pisymbol{nkarta}{163} \Pisymbol{nkarta}{226}
\Pisymbol{nkarta}{164} \Pisymbol{nkarta}{227}
\Pisymbol{nkarta}{165} \Pisymbol{nkarta}{228}
\Pisymbol{nkarta}{166} \Pisymbol{nkarta}{229}
\Pisymbol{nkarta}{167} \Pisymbol{nkarta}{230}
\Pisymbol{nkarta}{168} \Pisymbol{nkarta}{231}
\Pisymbol{nkarta}{169} \Pisymbol{nkarta}{232}
\Pisymbol{nkarta}{170} \Pisymbol{nkarta}{233}
\Pisymbol{nkarta}{171} \Pisymbol{nkarta}{234}
\Pisymbol{nkarta}{172} \Pisymbol{nkarta}{235}
\Pisymbol{nkarta}{173} \Pisymbol{nkarta}{236}
\Pisymbol{nkarta}{174} \Pisymbol{nkarta}{237}
\Pisymbol{nkarta}{175} \Pisymbol{nkarta}{238}
\Pisymbol{nkarta}{176} \Pisymbol{nkarta}{239}
\Pisymbol{nkarta}{177} \Pisymbol{nkarta}{240}
\Pisymbol{nkarta}{178} \Pisymbol{nkarta}{241}
\Pisymbol{nkarta}{179} \Pisymbol{nkarta}{242}
\Pisymbol{nkarta}{180} \Pisymbol{nkarta}{243}
\Pisymbol{nkarta}{181} \Pisymbol{nkarta}{244}
\Pisymbol{nkarta}{182} \Pisymbol{nkarta}{245}
\Pisymbol{nkarta}{183} \Pisymbol{nkarta}{246}
\Pisymbol{nkarta}{184} \Pisymbol{nkarta}{247}
\Pisymbol{nkarta}{185} \Pisymbol{nkarta}{248}
\Pisymbol{nkarta}{186} \Pisymbol{nkarta}{249}
\Pisymbol{nkarta}{187} \Pisymbol{nkarta}{250}
\Pisymbol{nkarta}{188} \Pisymbol{nkarta}{251}
\Pisymbol{nkarta}{189} \Pisymbol{nkarta}{252}
\Pisymbol{nkarta}{190} \Pisymbol{nkarta}{253}
\Pisymbol{nkarta}{191} \Pisymbol{nkarta}{254}
\Pisymbol{nkarta}{192}
192
 Table 509: moonphase Astronomical Symbols
\Pisymbol{moonphase}{0}  \Pisymbol{moonphase}{2}

\Pisymbol{moonphase}{1}  \Pisymbol{moonphase}{3}

Table 510: astrosym Astronomical Symbols

\Pisymbol{astrosym}{0}

\Pisymbol{astrosym}{1}
 \Pisymbol{astrosym}{2}
 \Pisymbol{astrosym}{3}
 \Pisymbol{astrosym}{4}
 \Pisymbol{astrosym}{5}
 \Pisymbol{astrosym}{6}
 \Pisymbol{astrosym}{7}
 \Pisymbol{astrosym}{8}
\Pisymbol{astrosym}{9}
\Pisymbol{astrosym}{132}
\Pisymbol{astrosym}{133}
\Pisymbol{astrosym}{134}
\Pisymbol{astrosym}{135}
\Pisymbol{astrosym}{136}
\Pisymbol{astrosym}{137}
\Pisymbol{astrosym}{138}
\Pisymbol{astrosym}{139}
\Pisymbol{astrosym}{140}
\Pisymbol{astrosym}{141}

\Pisymbol{astrosym}{10} \Pisymbol{astrosym}{142}
 \Pisymbol{astrosym}{11} \Pisymbol{astrosym}{143}
 \Pisymbol{astrosym}{12}
\Pisymbol{astrosym}{13}
 \Pisymbol{astrosym}{14}
 \Pisymbol{astrosym}{15}
 \Pisymbol{astrosym}{16}
 \Pisymbol{astrosym}{17}
 \Pisymbol{astrosym}{18}
 \Pisymbol{astrosym}{19}
 \Pisymbol{astrosym}{20}
 \Pisymbol{astrosym}{21}
 \Pisymbol{astrosym}{22}
 \Pisymbol{astrosym}{23}
 \Pisymbol{astrosym}{24}
 \Pisymbol{astrosym}{25}
 \Pisymbol{astrosym}{26}
 \Pisymbol{astrosym}{27}
 \Pisymbol{astrosym}{28}
 \Pisymbol{astrosym}{29}
 \Pisymbol{astrosym}{30}
 \Pisymbol{astrosym}{31}
\Pisymbol{astrosym}{32}
193
\Pisymbol{astrosym}{144}
\Pisymbol{astrosym}{145}
\Pisymbol{astrosym}{146}
\Pisymbol{astrosym}{147}
\Pisymbol{astrosym}{148}
\Pisymbol{astrosym}{149}
\Pisymbol{astrosym}{150}
\Pisymbol{astrosym}{151}
\Pisymbol{astrosym}{152}
\Pisymbol{astrosym}{153}
\Pisymbol{astrosym}{154}
\Pisymbol{astrosym}{155}
\Pisymbol{astrosym}{156}
\Pisymbol{astrosym}{157}
\Pisymbol{astrosym}{158}
\Pisymbol{astrosym}{159}
\Pisymbol{astrosym}{160}
\Pisymbol{astrosym}{161}
\Pisymbol{astrosym}{162}
\Pisymbol{astrosym}{163}
\Pisymbol{astrosym}{164}
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(continued from previous page)
! \Pisymbol{astrosym}{33}
" \Pisymbol{astrosym}{34}
# \Pisymbol{astrosym}{35}
$ \Pisymbol{astrosym}{36}
% \Pisymbol{astrosym}{37}
& \Pisymbol{astrosym}{38}
' \Pisymbol{astrosym}{39}
( \Pisymbol{astrosym}{40}
) \Pisymbol{astrosym}{41}
* \Pisymbol{astrosym}{42}
+ \Pisymbol{astrosym}{43}
, \Pisymbol{astrosym}{44}
- \Pisymbol{astrosym}{45}
. \Pisymbol{astrosym}{46}
/ \Pisymbol{astrosym}{47}
0 \Pisymbol{astrosym}{48}
1 \Pisymbol{astrosym}{49}
2 \Pisymbol{astrosym}{50}
3 \Pisymbol{astrosym}{51}
4 \Pisymbol{astrosym}{52}
5 \Pisymbol{astrosym}{53}
6 \Pisymbol{astrosym}{54}
7 \Pisymbol{astrosym}{55}
8 \Pisymbol{astrosym}{56}
9 \Pisymbol{astrosym}{57}
: \Pisymbol{astrosym}{58}
; \Pisymbol{astrosym}{59}
< \Pisymbol{astrosym}{60}
= \Pisymbol{astrosym}{61}
> \Pisymbol{astrosym}{62}
? \Pisymbol{astrosym}{63}
@ \Pisymbol{astrosym}{64}
A \Pisymbol{astrosym}{65}
B \Pisymbol{astrosym}{66}
C \Pisymbol{astrosym}{67}
D \Pisymbol{astrosym}{68}
E \Pisymbol{astrosym}{69}
Z \Pisymbol{astrosym}{90}
[ \Pisymbol{astrosym}{91}
\ \Pisymbol{astrosym}{92}
] \Pisymbol{astrosym}{93}
194
\Pisymbol{astrosym}{165}
\Pisymbol{astrosym}{166}
\Pisymbol{astrosym}{167}
\Pisymbol{astrosym}{168}
\Pisymbol{astrosym}{169}
\Pisymbol{astrosym}{178}
\Pisymbol{astrosym}{179}
\Pisymbol{astrosym}{180}
\Pisymbol{astrosym}{181}
\Pisymbol{astrosym}{182}
\Pisymbol{astrosym}{183}
\Pisymbol{astrosym}{184}
\Pisymbol{astrosym}{185}
\Pisymbol{astrosym}{186}
\Pisymbol{astrosym}{187}
\Pisymbol{astrosym}{188}
\Pisymbol{astrosym}{189}
\Pisymbol{astrosym}{190}
\Pisymbol{astrosym}{191}
\Pisymbol{astrosym}{200}
\Pisymbol{astrosym}{201}
\Pisymbol{astrosym}{202}
\Pisymbol{astrosym}{203}
\Pisymbol{astrosym}{204}
\Pisymbol{astrosym}{205}
\Pisymbol{astrosym}{206}
\Pisymbol{astrosym}{207}
\Pisymbol{astrosym}{208}
\Pisymbol{astrosym}{209}
\Pisymbol{astrosym}{210}
\Pisymbol{astrosym}{211}
\Pisymbol{astrosym}{212}
\Pisymbol{astrosym}{213}
\Pisymbol{astrosym}{214}
\Pisymbol{astrosym}{215}
\Pisymbol{astrosym}{216}
\Pisymbol{astrosym}{217}
\Pisymbol{astrosym}{218}
\Pisymbol{astrosym}{219}
\Pisymbol{astrosym}{220}
\Pisymbol{astrosym}{221}
(continued on next page)
(continued from previous page)
^ \Pisymbol{astrosym}{94}
_ \Pisymbol{astrosym}{95}
d \Pisymbol{astrosym}{100}
e \Pisymbol{astrosym}{101}
f \Pisymbol{astrosym}{102}
g \Pisymbol{astrosym}{103}
h \Pisymbol{astrosym}{104}
i \Pisymbol{astrosym}{105}
j \Pisymbol{astrosym}{106}
k \Pisymbol{astrosym}{107}
l \Pisymbol{astrosym}{108}
m \Pisymbol{astrosym}{109}
n \Pisymbol{astrosym}{110}
o \Pisymbol{astrosym}{111}
p \Pisymbol{astrosym}{112}
q \Pisymbol{astrosym}{113}
r \Pisymbol{astrosym}{114}
s \Pisymbol{astrosym}{115}
t \Pisymbol{astrosym}{116}
u \Pisymbol{astrosym}{117}
v \Pisymbol{astrosym}{118}
w \Pisymbol{astrosym}{119}
x \Pisymbol{astrosym}{120}
y \Pisymbol{astrosym}{121}
z \Pisymbol{astrosym}{122}
{ \Pisymbol{astrosym}{123}
| \Pisymbol{astrosym}{124}
} \Pisymbol{astrosym}{125}
~ \Pisymbol{astrosym}{126}
 \Pisymbol{astrosym}{127}
\Pisymbol{astrosym}{128}
\Pisymbol{astrosym}{129}
\Pisymbol{astrosym}{130}
\Pisymbol{astrosym}{131}
195
\Pisymbol{astrosym}{222}
\Pisymbol{astrosym}{223}
\Pisymbol{astrosym}{224}
\Pisymbol{astrosym}{225}
\Pisymbol{astrosym}{226}
\Pisymbol{astrosym}{227}
\Pisymbol{astrosym}{228}
\Pisymbol{astrosym}{229}
\Pisymbol{astrosym}{230}
\Pisymbol{astrosym}{231}
\Pisymbol{astrosym}{232}
\Pisymbol{astrosym}{233}
\Pisymbol{astrosym}{234}
\Pisymbol{astrosym}{235}
\Pisymbol{astrosym}{236}
\Pisymbol{astrosym}{237}
\Pisymbol{astrosym}{238}
\Pisymbol{astrosym}{239}
\Pisymbol{astrosym}{240}
\Pisymbol{astrosym}{241}
\Pisymbol{astrosym}{242}
\Pisymbol{astrosym}{243}
\Pisymbol{astrosym}{244}
\Pisymbol{astrosym}{245}
\Pisymbol{astrosym}{246}
\Pisymbol{astrosym}{247}
\Pisymbol{astrosym}{248}
\Pisymbol{astrosym}{249}
\Pisymbol{astrosym}{250}
\Pisymbol{astrosym}{251}
\Pisymbol{astrosym}{252}
\Pisymbol{astrosym}{253}
\Pisymbol{astrosym}{254}
\Pisymbol{astrosym}{255}
 Table 511: webomints Decorative Borders

/ \Pisymbol{WebOMintsGD}{47}
0 \Pisymbol{WebOMintsGD}{48}
1 \Pisymbol{WebOMintsGD}{49}
2 \Pisymbol{WebOMintsGD}{50}
3 \Pisymbol{WebOMintsGD}{51}
4 \Pisymbol{WebOMintsGD}{52}
5 \Pisymbol{WebOMintsGD}{53}
6 \Pisymbol{WebOMintsGD}{54}
7 \Pisymbol{WebOMintsGD}{55}
8 \Pisymbol{WebOMintsGD}{56}
9 \Pisymbol{WebOMintsGD}{57}
A \Pisymbol{WebOMintsGD}{65}
B \Pisymbol{WebOMintsGD}{66}
C \Pisymbol{WebOMintsGD}{67}
D \Pisymbol{WebOMintsGD}{68}
E \Pisymbol{WebOMintsGD}{69}
F \Pisymbol{WebOMintsGD}{70}
G \Pisymbol{WebOMintsGD}{71}
H \Pisymbol{WebOMintsGD}{72}
I \Pisymbol{WebOMintsGD}{73}
J \Pisymbol{WebOMintsGD}{74}
K \Pisymbol{WebOMintsGD}{75}
L \Pisymbol{WebOMintsGD}{76}
M \Pisymbol{WebOMintsGD}{77}
N \Pisymbol{WebOMintsGD}{78}
O \Pisymbol{WebOMintsGD}{79}
P \Pisymbol{WebOMintsGD}{80}
Q \Pisymbol{WebOMintsGD}{81}
R \Pisymbol{WebOMintsGD}{82}
S \Pisymbol{WebOMintsGD}{83}
T \Pisymbol{WebOMintsGD}{84}
U \Pisymbol{WebOMintsGD}{85}
V \Pisymbol{WebOMintsGD}{86}
W \Pisymbol{WebOMintsGD}{87}
X \Pisymbol{WebOMintsGD}{88}
Y \Pisymbol{WebOMintsGD}{89}
Z \Pisymbol{WebOMintsGD}{90}
[ \Pisymbol{WebOMintsGD}{91}
] \Pisymbol{WebOMintsGD}{93}
a \Pisymbol{WebOMintsGD}{97}
b \Pisymbol{WebOMintsGD}{98}
c \Pisymbol{WebOMintsGD}{99}
d \Pisymbol{WebOMintsGD}{100}
e \Pisymbol{WebOMintsGD}{101}
f \Pisymbol{WebOMintsGD}{102}
g \Pisymbol{WebOMintsGD}{103}
h \Pisymbol{WebOMintsGD}{104}
i \Pisymbol{WebOMintsGD}{105}
j \Pisymbol{WebOMintsGD}{106}
k \Pisymbol{WebOMintsGD}{107}
l \Pisymbol{WebOMintsGD}{108}
m \Pisymbol{WebOMintsGD}{109}
n \Pisymbol{WebOMintsGD}{110}
o \Pisymbol{WebOMintsGD}{111}
p \Pisymbol{WebOMintsGD}{112}
q \Pisymbol{WebOMintsGD}{113}
r \Pisymbol{WebOMintsGD}{114}
s \Pisymbol{WebOMintsGD}{115}
t \Pisymbol{WebOMintsGD}{116}
u \Pisymbol{WebOMintsGD}{117}
v \Pisymbol{WebOMintsGD}{118}
w \Pisymbol{WebOMintsGD}{119}
x \Pisymbol{WebOMintsGD}{120}
y \Pisymbol{WebOMintsGD}{121}
z \Pisymbol{WebOMintsGD}{122}

webomints provides a uwebo.fd font-definition file. Instead of using pifont

and \Pisymbol to typeset a glyph, a document can select the webomints
font directly. For example, {\usefont{U}{webo}{xl}{n}\char73\char74}
alternatively, {\usefont{U}{webo}{xl}{n}IJ}will typeset IJ.
This can be useful for typesetting a number of webomints glyphs in a row.

The niceframe package can be used to typeset decorative frames using fonts
such as webomints.

196
 Table 512: umranda Decorative Borders

\Pisymbol{umranda}{0} " \Pisymbol{umranda}{34} D \Pisymbol{umranda}{68}

\Pisymbol{umranda}{1} # \Pisymbol{umranda}{35} E \Pisymbol{umranda}{69}
 \Pisymbol{umranda}{2} $ \Pisymbol{umranda}{36} F \Pisymbol{umranda}{70}

 \Pisymbol{umranda}{3} % \Pisymbol{umranda}{37} G \Pisymbol{umranda}{71}

 \Pisymbol{umranda}{4} & \Pisymbol{umranda}{38} H \Pisymbol{umranda}{72}

 \Pisymbol{umranda}{5} ' \Pisymbol{umranda}{39} I \Pisymbol{umranda}{73}

 \Pisymbol{umranda}{6} ( \Pisymbol{umranda}{40} J \Pisymbol{umranda}{74}

 \Pisymbol{umranda}{7} ) \Pisymbol{umranda}{41} K \Pisymbol{umranda}{75}
 \Pisymbol{umranda}{8} * \Pisymbol{umranda}{42} L \Pisymbol{umranda}{76}
\Pisymbol{umranda}{9} + \Pisymbol{umranda}{43} M \Pisymbol{umranda}{77}

\Pisymbol{umranda}{10} , \Pisymbol{umranda}{44} N \Pisymbol{umranda}{78}

 \Pisymbol{umranda}{11} - \Pisymbol{umranda}{45} O \Pisymbol{umranda}{79}
 \Pisymbol{umranda}{12} . \Pisymbol{umranda}{46} P \Pisymbol{umranda}{80}
\Pisymbol{umranda}{13} / \Pisymbol{umranda}{47} Q \Pisymbol{umranda}{81}
 \Pisymbol{umranda}{14} 0 \Pisymbol{umranda}{48} R \Pisymbol{umranda}{82}
 \Pisymbol{umranda}{15} 1 \Pisymbol{umranda}{49} S \Pisymbol{umranda}{83}
 \Pisymbol{umranda}{16} 2 \Pisymbol{umranda}{50} T \Pisymbol{umranda}{84}
 \Pisymbol{umranda}{17} 3 \Pisymbol{umranda}{51} U \Pisymbol{umranda}{85}
 \Pisymbol{umranda}{18} 4 \Pisymbol{umranda}{52} V \Pisymbol{umranda}{86}
 \Pisymbol{umranda}{19} 5 \Pisymbol{umranda}{53} W \Pisymbol{umranda}{87}

 \Pisymbol{umranda}{20} 6 \Pisymbol{umranda}{54} X \Pisymbol{umranda}{88}

 \Pisymbol{umranda}{21} 7 \Pisymbol{umranda}{55} Y \Pisymbol{umranda}{89}

 \Pisymbol{umranda}{22} 8 \Pisymbol{umranda}{56} Z \Pisymbol{umranda}{90}

 \Pisymbol{umranda}{23} 9 \Pisymbol{umranda}{57} [ \Pisymbol{umranda}{91}

 \Pisymbol{umranda}{24} : \Pisymbol{umranda}{58} \ \Pisymbol{umranda}{92}

 \Pisymbol{umranda}{25} ; \Pisymbol{umranda}{59} ] \Pisymbol{umranda}{93}

 \Pisymbol{umranda}{26} < \Pisymbol{umranda}{60} ^ \Pisymbol{umranda}{94}
 \Pisymbol{umranda}{27} = \Pisymbol{umranda}{61} _ \Pisymbol{umranda}{95}
 \Pisymbol{umranda}{28} > \Pisymbol{umranda}{62} ` \Pisymbol{umranda}{96}
 \Pisymbol{umranda}{29} ? \Pisymbol{umranda}{63} a \Pisymbol{umranda}{97}
 \Pisymbol{umranda}{30} @ \Pisymbol{umranda}{64} b \Pisymbol{umranda}{98}
 \Pisymbol{umranda}{31} A \Pisymbol{umranda}{65} c \Pisymbol{umranda}{99}
\Pisymbol{umranda}{32} B \Pisymbol{umranda}{66} d \Pisymbol{umranda}{100}

! \Pisymbol{umranda}{33} C \Pisymbol{umranda}{67} e \Pisymbol{umranda}{101}

The niceframe package can be used to typeset decorative frames using fonts
such as umranda.

197
 Table 513: umrandb Decorative Borders

\Pisymbol{umrandb}{0} * \Pisymbol{umrandb}{42} T \Pisymbol{umrandb}{84}

\Pisymbol{umrandb}{1}
 \Pisymbol{umrandb}{2}
 \Pisymbol{umrandb}{3}
 \Pisymbol{umrandb}{4}
 \Pisymbol{umrandb}{5}
 \Pisymbol{umrandb}{6}
 \Pisymbol{umrandb}{7}
 \Pisymbol{umrandb}{8}
\Pisymbol{umrandb}{9}
+ \Pisymbol{umrandb}{43}
, \Pisymbol{umrandb}{44}
- \Pisymbol{umrandb}{45}
. \Pisymbol{umrandb}{46}
/ \Pisymbol{umrandb}{47}
0 \Pisymbol{umrandb}{48}
1 \Pisymbol{umrandb}{49}
2 \Pisymbol{umrandb}{50}
3 \Pisymbol{umrandb}{51}
U \Pisymbol{umrandb}{85}
V \Pisymbol{umrandb}{86}
W \Pisymbol{umrandb}{87}
X \Pisymbol{umrandb}{88}
Y \Pisymbol{umrandb}{89}
Z \Pisymbol{umrandb}{90}
[ \Pisymbol{umrandb}{91}
\ \Pisymbol{umrandb}{92}
] \Pisymbol{umrandb}{93}

\Pisymbol{umrandb}{10} 4 \Pisymbol{umrandb}{52} ^ \Pisymbol{umrandb}{94}

 \Pisymbol{umrandb}{11} 5 \Pisymbol{umrandb}{53} _ \Pisymbol{umrandb}{95}
 \Pisymbol{umrandb}{12}
\Pisymbol{umrandb}{13} 7 \Pisymbol{umrandb}{55}
 \Pisymbol{umrandb}{14}
 \Pisymbol{umrandb}{15}
 \Pisymbol{umrandb}{16}
 \Pisymbol{umrandb}{17}
 \Pisymbol{umrandb}{18}
 \Pisymbol{umrandb}{19}
 \Pisymbol{umrandb}{20}
 \Pisymbol{umrandb}{21}
 \Pisymbol{umrandb}{22}
 \Pisymbol{umrandb}{23}
 \Pisymbol{umrandb}{24}
 \Pisymbol{umrandb}{25}
 \Pisymbol{umrandb}{26}
 \Pisymbol{umrandb}{27}
 \Pisymbol{umrandb}{28}
 \Pisymbol{umrandb}{29}
 \Pisymbol{umrandb}{30}
 \Pisymbol{umrandb}{31}
\Pisymbol{umrandb}{32}
! \Pisymbol{umrandb}{33}
" \Pisymbol{umrandb}{34}
# \Pisymbol{umrandb}{35}
$ \Pisymbol{umrandb}{36}
% \Pisymbol{umrandb}{37}
& \Pisymbol{umrandb}{38}
' \Pisymbol{umrandb}{39}
( \Pisymbol{umrandb}{40}
) \Pisymbol{umrandb}{41}
The niceframe package can be used to typeset decorative frames using fonts
such as umrandb.
6 \Pisymbol{umrandb}{54}
a \Pisymbol{umrandb}{97}
8 \Pisymbol{umrandb}{56}
9 \Pisymbol{umrandb}{57}
: \Pisymbol{umrandb}{58}
; \Pisymbol{umrandb}{59}
< \Pisymbol{umrandb}{60}
= \Pisymbol{umrandb}{61}
> \Pisymbol{umrandb}{62}
? \Pisymbol{umrandb}{63}
@ \Pisymbol{umrandb}{64}
A \Pisymbol{umrandb}{65}
B \Pisymbol{umrandb}{66}
C \Pisymbol{umrandb}{67}
D \Pisymbol{umrandb}{68}
E \Pisymbol{umrandb}{69}
F \Pisymbol{umrandb}{70}
G \Pisymbol{umrandb}{71}
H \Pisymbol{umrandb}{72}
I \Pisymbol{umrandb}{73}
J \Pisymbol{umrandb}{74}
K \Pisymbol{umrandb}{75}
L \Pisymbol{umrandb}{76}
M \Pisymbol{umrandb}{77}
N \Pisymbol{umrandb}{78}
O \Pisymbol{umrandb}{79}
P \Pisymbol{umrandb}{80}
Q \Pisymbol{umrandb}{81}
R \Pisymbol{umrandb}{82}
S \Pisymbol{umrandb}{83}
198
` \Pisymbol{umrandb}{96}
b \Pisymbol{umrandb}{98}
c \Pisymbol{umrandb}{99}
d \Pisymbol{umrandb}{100}
e \Pisymbol{umrandb}{101}
f \Pisymbol{umrandb}{102}
g \Pisymbol{umrandb}{103}
h \Pisymbol{umrandb}{104}
i \Pisymbol{umrandb}{105}
j \Pisymbol{umrandb}{106}
k \Pisymbol{umrandb}{107}
l \Pisymbol{umrandb}{108}
m \Pisymbol{umrandb}{109}
n \Pisymbol{umrandb}{110}
o \Pisymbol{umrandb}{111}
p \Pisymbol{umrandb}{112}
q \Pisymbol{umrandb}{113}
r \Pisymbol{umrandb}{114}
s \Pisymbol{umrandb}{115}
t \Pisymbol{umrandb}{116}
u \Pisymbol{umrandb}{117}
v \Pisymbol{umrandb}{118}
w \Pisymbol{umrandb}{119}
x \Pisymbol{umrandb}{120}
y \Pisymbol{umrandb}{121}
z \Pisymbol{umrandb}{122}
{ \Pisymbol{umrandb}{123}
 Table 514: dingbat Decorative Borders

E \Pisymbol{dingbat}{69} a \Pisymbol{dingbat}{97}

F \Pisymbol{dingbat}{70} b \Pisymbol{dingbat}{98}

G \Pisymbol{dingbat}{71} c \Pisymbol{dingbat}{99}

H \Pisymbol{dingbat}{72} d \Pisymbol{dingbat}{100}

J \Pisymbol{dingbat}{74} e \Pisymbol{dingbat}{101}

K \Pisymbol{dingbat}{75} f \Pisymbol{dingbat}{102}

L \Pisymbol{dingbat}{76} g \Pisymbol{dingbat}{103}

M \Pisymbol{dingbat}{77} h \Pisymbol{dingbat}{104}

The preceding table is incomplete in that it includes only unnamed dingbat

symbols. Named symbols are included in Table 352 and Table 396 (both
intermixed with symbols from the ark10 font).

The dingbat package includes a udingbat.fd file so a document does not need
to specify the \DeclareFontFamily and \DeclareFontShape commands list
at the beginning of Section 9.

The niceframe package can be used to typeset decorative frames using fonts
such as dingbat.

Table 515: knot Celtic Knots

0 D T
1 E U
\Pisymbol{knot1}{48} \Pisymbol{knot1}{68} \Pisymbol{knot1}{84}

2 F V
\Pisymbol{knot1}{49} \Pisymbol{knot1}{69} \Pisymbol{knot1}{85}

3 G W
\Pisymbol{knot1}{50} \Pisymbol{knot1}{70} \Pisymbol{knot1}{86}

4 H X
\Pisymbol{knot1}{51} \Pisymbol{knot1}{71} \Pisymbol{knot1}{87}

5 I `
\Pisymbol{knot1}{52} \Pisymbol{knot1}{72} \Pisymbol{knot1}{88}

: J a
\Pisymbol{knot1}{53} \Pisymbol{knot1}{73} \Pisymbol{knot1}{96}

; K b
\Pisymbol{knot1}{58} \Pisymbol{knot1}{74} \Pisymbol{knot1}{97}

< L c
\Pisymbol{knot1}{59} \Pisymbol{knot1}{75} \Pisymbol{knot1}{98}

= M d
\Pisymbol{knot1}{60} \Pisymbol{knot1}{76} \Pisymbol{knot1}{99}
\Pisymbol{knot1}{61} \Pisymbol{knot1}{77} \Pisymbol{knot1}{100}

(continued on next page)

199
(continued from previous page)

> N e
? O f
\Pisymbol{knot1}{62} \Pisymbol{knot1}{78} \Pisymbol{knot1}{101}

@ P g
\Pisymbol{knot1}{63} \Pisymbol{knot1}{79} \Pisymbol{knot1}{102}

A Q h
\Pisymbol{knot1}{64} \Pisymbol{knot1}{80} \Pisymbol{knot1}{103}

B R i
\Pisymbol{knot1}{65} \Pisymbol{knot1}{81} \Pisymbol{knot1}{104}

C S
\Pisymbol{knot1}{66} \Pisymbol{knot1}{82} \Pisymbol{knot1}{105}
\Pisymbol{knot1}{67} \Pisymbol{knot1}{83}

0 D T
1 E U
\Pisymbol{knot2}{48} \Pisymbol{knot2}{68} \Pisymbol{knot2}{84}

2 F V
\Pisymbol{knot2}{49} \Pisymbol{knot2}{69} \Pisymbol{knot2}{85}

3 G W
\Pisymbol{knot2}{50} \Pisymbol{knot2}{70} \Pisymbol{knot2}{86}

4 H X
\Pisymbol{knot2}{51} \Pisymbol{knot2}{71} \Pisymbol{knot2}{87}

5 I `
\Pisymbol{knot2}{52} \Pisymbol{knot2}{72} \Pisymbol{knot2}{88}

: J a
\Pisymbol{knot2}{53} \Pisymbol{knot2}{73} \Pisymbol{knot2}{96}

; K b
\Pisymbol{knot2}{58} \Pisymbol{knot2}{74} \Pisymbol{knot2}{97}

< L c
\Pisymbol{knot2}{59} \Pisymbol{knot2}{75} \Pisymbol{knot2}{98}

= M d
\Pisymbol{knot2}{60} \Pisymbol{knot2}{76} \Pisymbol{knot2}{99}

> N e
\Pisymbol{knot2}{61} \Pisymbol{knot2}{77} \Pisymbol{knot2}{100}

? O f
\Pisymbol{knot2}{62} \Pisymbol{knot2}{78} \Pisymbol{knot2}{101}

@ P g
\Pisymbol{knot2}{63} \Pisymbol{knot2}{79} \Pisymbol{knot2}{102}

A Q h
\Pisymbol{knot2}{64} \Pisymbol{knot2}{80} \Pisymbol{knot2}{103}

B R i
\Pisymbol{knot2}{65} \Pisymbol{knot2}{81} \Pisymbol{knot2}{104}

C S
\Pisymbol{knot2}{66} \Pisymbol{knot2}{82} \Pisymbol{knot2}{105}
\Pisymbol{knot2}{67} \Pisymbol{knot2}{83}

0 D T
1 E U
\Pisymbol{knot3}{48} \Pisymbol{knot3}{68} \Pisymbol{knot3}{84}

2 F V
\Pisymbol{knot3}{49} \Pisymbol{knot3}{69} \Pisymbol{knot3}{85}

3 G W
\Pisymbol{knot3}{50} \Pisymbol{knot3}{70} \Pisymbol{knot3}{86}

4 H X
\Pisymbol{knot3}{51} \Pisymbol{knot3}{71} \Pisymbol{knot3}{87}

5 I `
\Pisymbol{knot3}{52} \Pisymbol{knot3}{72} \Pisymbol{knot3}{88}

: J a
\Pisymbol{knot3}{53} \Pisymbol{knot3}{73} \Pisymbol{knot3}{96}

; K b
\Pisymbol{knot3}{58} \Pisymbol{knot3}{74} \Pisymbol{knot3}{97}

< L c
\Pisymbol{knot3}{59} \Pisymbol{knot3}{75} \Pisymbol{knot3}{98}

= M d
\Pisymbol{knot3}{60} \Pisymbol{knot3}{76} \Pisymbol{knot3}{99}

> N e
\Pisymbol{knot3}{61} \Pisymbol{knot3}{77} \Pisymbol{knot3}{100}

? O f
\Pisymbol{knot3}{62} \Pisymbol{knot3}{78} \Pisymbol{knot3}{101}

@ P g
\Pisymbol{knot3}{63} \Pisymbol{knot3}{79} \Pisymbol{knot3}{102}

A Q h
\Pisymbol{knot3}{64} \Pisymbol{knot3}{80} \Pisymbol{knot3}{103}

B R i
\Pisymbol{knot3}{65} \Pisymbol{knot3}{81} \Pisymbol{knot3}{104}
\Pisymbol{knot3}{66} \Pisymbol{knot3}{82} \Pisymbol{knot3}{105}

(continued on next page)

200
(continued from previous page)

C \Pisymbol{knot3}{67} S \Pisymbol{knot3}{83}

0 D T
1 E U
\Pisymbol{knot4}{48} \Pisymbol{knot4}{68} \Pisymbol{knot4}{84}

2 F V
\Pisymbol{knot4}{49} \Pisymbol{knot4}{69} \Pisymbol{knot4}{85}

3 G W
\Pisymbol{knot4}{50} \Pisymbol{knot4}{70} \Pisymbol{knot4}{86}

4 H X
\Pisymbol{knot4}{51} \Pisymbol{knot4}{71} \Pisymbol{knot4}{87}

5 I `
\Pisymbol{knot4}{52} \Pisymbol{knot4}{72} \Pisymbol{knot4}{88}

: J a
\Pisymbol{knot4}{53} \Pisymbol{knot4}{73} \Pisymbol{knot4}{96}

; K b
\Pisymbol{knot4}{58} \Pisymbol{knot4}{74} \Pisymbol{knot4}{97}

< L c
\Pisymbol{knot4}{59} \Pisymbol{knot4}{75} \Pisymbol{knot4}{98}

= M d
\Pisymbol{knot4}{60} \Pisymbol{knot4}{76} \Pisymbol{knot4}{99}

> N e
\Pisymbol{knot4}{61} \Pisymbol{knot4}{77} \Pisymbol{knot4}{100}

? O f
\Pisymbol{knot4}{62} \Pisymbol{knot4}{78} \Pisymbol{knot4}{101}

@ P g
\Pisymbol{knot4}{63} \Pisymbol{knot4}{79} \Pisymbol{knot4}{102}

A Q h
\Pisymbol{knot4}{64} \Pisymbol{knot4}{80} \Pisymbol{knot4}{103}

B R i
\Pisymbol{knot4}{65} \Pisymbol{knot4}{81} \Pisymbol{knot4}{104}

C S
\Pisymbol{knot4}{66} \Pisymbol{knot4}{82} \Pisymbol{knot4}{105}
\Pisymbol{knot4}{67} \Pisymbol{knot4}{83}

0 D T
1 E U
\Pisymbol{knot5}{48} \Pisymbol{knot5}{68} \Pisymbol{knot5}{84}

2 F V
\Pisymbol{knot5}{49} \Pisymbol{knot5}{69} \Pisymbol{knot5}{85}

3 G W
\Pisymbol{knot5}{50} \Pisymbol{knot5}{70} \Pisymbol{knot5}{86}

4 H X
\Pisymbol{knot5}{51} \Pisymbol{knot5}{71} \Pisymbol{knot5}{87}

5 I `
\Pisymbol{knot5}{52} \Pisymbol{knot5}{72} \Pisymbol{knot5}{88}

: J a
\Pisymbol{knot5}{53} \Pisymbol{knot5}{73} \Pisymbol{knot5}{96}

; K b
\Pisymbol{knot5}{58} \Pisymbol{knot5}{74} \Pisymbol{knot5}{97}

< L c
\Pisymbol{knot5}{59} \Pisymbol{knot5}{75} \Pisymbol{knot5}{98}

= M d
\Pisymbol{knot5}{60} \Pisymbol{knot5}{76} \Pisymbol{knot5}{99}

> N e
\Pisymbol{knot5}{61} \Pisymbol{knot5}{77} \Pisymbol{knot5}{100}

? O f
\Pisymbol{knot5}{62} \Pisymbol{knot5}{78} \Pisymbol{knot5}{101}

@ P g
\Pisymbol{knot5}{63} \Pisymbol{knot5}{79} \Pisymbol{knot5}{102}

A Q h
\Pisymbol{knot5}{64} \Pisymbol{knot5}{80} \Pisymbol{knot5}{103}

B R i
\Pisymbol{knot5}{65} \Pisymbol{knot5}{81} \Pisymbol{knot5}{104}

C S
\Pisymbol{knot5}{66} \Pisymbol{knot5}{82} \Pisymbol{knot5}{105}
\Pisymbol{knot5}{67} \Pisymbol{knot5}{83}

0 D T
1 E U
\Pisymbol{knot6}{48} \Pisymbol{knot6}{68} \Pisymbol{knot6}{84}

2 F V
\Pisymbol{knot6}{49} \Pisymbol{knot6}{69} \Pisymbol{knot6}{85}

3 G W
\Pisymbol{knot6}{50} \Pisymbol{knot6}{70} \Pisymbol{knot6}{86}
\Pisymbol{knot6}{51} \Pisymbol{knot6}{71} \Pisymbol{knot6}{87}

(continued on next page)

201
(continued from previous page)

4 H X
5 I `
\Pisymbol{knot6}{52} \Pisymbol{knot6}{72} \Pisymbol{knot6}{88}

: J a
\Pisymbol{knot6}{53} \Pisymbol{knot6}{73} \Pisymbol{knot6}{96}

; K b
\Pisymbol{knot6}{58} \Pisymbol{knot6}{74} \Pisymbol{knot6}{97}

< L c
\Pisymbol{knot6}{59} \Pisymbol{knot6}{75} \Pisymbol{knot6}{98}

= M d
\Pisymbol{knot6}{60} \Pisymbol{knot6}{76} \Pisymbol{knot6}{99}

> N e
\Pisymbol{knot6}{61} \Pisymbol{knot6}{77} \Pisymbol{knot6}{100}

? O f
\Pisymbol{knot6}{62} \Pisymbol{knot6}{78} \Pisymbol{knot6}{101}

@ P g
\Pisymbol{knot6}{63} \Pisymbol{knot6}{79} \Pisymbol{knot6}{102}

A Q h
\Pisymbol{knot6}{64} \Pisymbol{knot6}{80} \Pisymbol{knot6}{103}

B R i
\Pisymbol{knot6}{65} \Pisymbol{knot6}{81} \Pisymbol{knot6}{104}

C S
\Pisymbol{knot6}{66} \Pisymbol{knot6}{82} \Pisymbol{knot6}{105}
\Pisymbol{knot6}{67} \Pisymbol{knot6}{83}

0 D T
1 E U
\Pisymbol{knot7}{48} \Pisymbol{knot7}{68} \Pisymbol{knot7}{84}

2 F V
\Pisymbol{knot7}{49} \Pisymbol{knot7}{69} \Pisymbol{knot7}{85}

3 G W
\Pisymbol{knot7}{50} \Pisymbol{knot7}{70} \Pisymbol{knot7}{86}

4 H X
\Pisymbol{knot7}{51} \Pisymbol{knot7}{71} \Pisymbol{knot7}{87}

5 I `
\Pisymbol{knot7}{52} \Pisymbol{knot7}{72} \Pisymbol{knot7}{88}

: J a
\Pisymbol{knot7}{53} \Pisymbol{knot7}{73} \Pisymbol{knot7}{96}

; K b
\Pisymbol{knot7}{58} \Pisymbol{knot7}{74} \Pisymbol{knot7}{97}

< L c
\Pisymbol{knot7}{59} \Pisymbol{knot7}{75} \Pisymbol{knot7}{98}

= M d
\Pisymbol{knot7}{60} \Pisymbol{knot7}{76} \Pisymbol{knot7}{99}

> N e
\Pisymbol{knot7}{61} \Pisymbol{knot7}{77} \Pisymbol{knot7}{100}

? O f
\Pisymbol{knot7}{62} \Pisymbol{knot7}{78} \Pisymbol{knot7}{101}

@ P g
\Pisymbol{knot7}{63} \Pisymbol{knot7}{79} \Pisymbol{knot7}{102}

A Q h
\Pisymbol{knot7}{64} \Pisymbol{knot7}{80} \Pisymbol{knot7}{103}

B R i
\Pisymbol{knot7}{65} \Pisymbol{knot7}{81} \Pisymbol{knot7}{104}

C S
\Pisymbol{knot7}{66} \Pisymbol{knot7}{82} \Pisymbol{knot7}{105}
\Pisymbol{knot7}{67} \Pisymbol{knot7}{83}

The following is an example of a basic knot, using

\usefont{U}{knotnumber }{m}{n} to change fonts for multiple char-
acters instead of \Pisymbol to typeset one character at a time. Note that
all of the characters in the knot fonts lie conveniently within the range of
printable ASCII characters.
Input
CDB CDB CDB CDB CDB CDB CDB
knot1 knot2 knot3 knot4 knot5 knot6 knot7

FHG
@EA FHG
@EA FHG
@EA FHG
@EA FHG
@EA FHG
@EA FHG
CDB
FHG
@EA @EA
The niceframe package can be used to typeset decorative frames using fonts
such as knot, especially using characters 4863 of each font variant.

202
 Table 516: dancers Dancing Men

\Pisymbol{dancers}{0} V \Pisymbol{dancers}{86} \Pisymbol{dancers}{172}

\Pisymbol{dancers}{1} W \Pisymbol{dancers}{87} \Pisymbol{dancers}{173}
 \Pisymbol{dancers}{2} X \Pisymbol{dancers}{88} \Pisymbol{dancers}{174}
 \Pisymbol{dancers}{3} Y \Pisymbol{dancers}{89} \Pisymbol{dancers}{175}
 \Pisymbol{dancers}{4} Z \Pisymbol{dancers}{90} \Pisymbol{dancers}{176}
 \Pisymbol{dancers}{5} [ \Pisymbol{dancers}{91} \Pisymbol{dancers}{177}
 \Pisymbol{dancers}{6} \ \Pisymbol{dancers}{92} \Pisymbol{dancers}{178}
 \Pisymbol{dancers}{7} ] \Pisymbol{dancers}{93} \Pisymbol{dancers}{179}
 \Pisymbol{dancers}{8} ^ \Pisymbol{dancers}{94} \Pisymbol{dancers}{180}
\Pisymbol{dancers}{9} _ \Pisymbol{dancers}{95} \Pisymbol{dancers}{181}

\Pisymbol{dancers}{10} ` \Pisymbol{dancers}{96} \Pisymbol{dancers}{182}

 \Pisymbol{dancers}{11} a \Pisymbol{dancers}{97} \Pisymbol{dancers}{183}
 \Pisymbol{dancers}{12} b \Pisymbol{dancers}{98} \Pisymbol{dancers}{184}
\Pisymbol{dancers}{13} c \Pisymbol{dancers}{99} \Pisymbol{dancers}{185}
 \Pisymbol{dancers}{14} d \Pisymbol{dancers}{100} \Pisymbol{dancers}{186}
 \Pisymbol{dancers}{15} e \Pisymbol{dancers}{101} \Pisymbol{dancers}{187}
 \Pisymbol{dancers}{16} f \Pisymbol{dancers}{102} \Pisymbol{dancers}{188}
 \Pisymbol{dancers}{17} g \Pisymbol{dancers}{103} \Pisymbol{dancers}{189}
 \Pisymbol{dancers}{18} h \Pisymbol{dancers}{104} \Pisymbol{dancers}{190}
 \Pisymbol{dancers}{19} i \Pisymbol{dancers}{105} \Pisymbol{dancers}{191}
 \Pisymbol{dancers}{20} j \Pisymbol{dancers}{106} \Pisymbol{dancers}{192}
 \Pisymbol{dancers}{21} k \Pisymbol{dancers}{107} \Pisymbol{dancers}{193}
 \Pisymbol{dancers}{22} l \Pisymbol{dancers}{108} \Pisymbol{dancers}{194}
 \Pisymbol{dancers}{23} m \Pisymbol{dancers}{109} \Pisymbol{dancers}{195}
 \Pisymbol{dancers}{24} n \Pisymbol{dancers}{110} \Pisymbol{dancers}{196}
 \Pisymbol{dancers}{25} o \Pisymbol{dancers}{111} \Pisymbol{dancers}{197}
 \Pisymbol{dancers}{26} p \Pisymbol{dancers}{112} \Pisymbol{dancers}{198}
 \Pisymbol{dancers}{27} q \Pisymbol{dancers}{113} \Pisymbol{dancers}{199}
 \Pisymbol{dancers}{28} r \Pisymbol{dancers}{114} \Pisymbol{dancers}{200}
 \Pisymbol{dancers}{29} s \Pisymbol{dancers}{115} \Pisymbol{dancers}{201}
 \Pisymbol{dancers}{30} t \Pisymbol{dancers}{116} \Pisymbol{dancers}{202}
 \Pisymbol{dancers}{31} u \Pisymbol{dancers}{117} \Pisymbol{dancers}{203}
\Pisymbol{dancers}{32} v \Pisymbol{dancers}{118} \Pisymbol{dancers}{204}
! \Pisymbol{dancers}{33} w \Pisymbol{dancers}{119} \Pisymbol{dancers}{205}

(continued on next page)

203
(continued from previous page)
" \Pisymbol{dancers}{34}
# \Pisymbol{dancers}{35}
$ \Pisymbol{dancers}{36}
% \Pisymbol{dancers}{37}
& \Pisymbol{dancers}{38}
' \Pisymbol{dancers}{39}
( \Pisymbol{dancers}{40}
) \Pisymbol{dancers}{41}
* \Pisymbol{dancers}{42}
+ \Pisymbol{dancers}{43}
, \Pisymbol{dancers}{44}
- \Pisymbol{dancers}{45}
. \Pisymbol{dancers}{46}
/ \Pisymbol{dancers}{47}
0 \Pisymbol{dancers}{48}
1 \Pisymbol{dancers}{49}
2 \Pisymbol{dancers}{50}
3 \Pisymbol{dancers}{51}
4 \Pisymbol{dancers}{52}
5 \Pisymbol{dancers}{53}
6 \Pisymbol{dancers}{54}
7 \Pisymbol{dancers}{55}
8 \Pisymbol{dancers}{56}
9 \Pisymbol{dancers}{57}
: \Pisymbol{dancers}{58}
; \Pisymbol{dancers}{59}
< \Pisymbol{dancers}{60}
= \Pisymbol{dancers}{61}
> \Pisymbol{dancers}{62}
? \Pisymbol{dancers}{63}
@ \Pisymbol{dancers}{64}
A \Pisymbol{dancers}{65}
B \Pisymbol{dancers}{66}
C \Pisymbol{dancers}{67}
D \Pisymbol{dancers}{68}
x \Pisymbol{dancers}{120} \Pisymbol{dancers}{206}
y \Pisymbol{dancers}{121} \Pisymbol{dancers}{207}
z \Pisymbol{dancers}{122} \Pisymbol{dancers}{208}
{ \Pisymbol{dancers}{123} \Pisymbol{dancers}{209}
| \Pisymbol{dancers}{124} \Pisymbol{dancers}{210}
} \Pisymbol{dancers}{125} \Pisymbol{dancers}{211}
~ \Pisymbol{dancers}{126} \Pisymbol{dancers}{212}
 \Pisymbol{dancers}{127} \Pisymbol{dancers}{213}
\Pisymbol{dancers}{128} \Pisymbol{dancers}{214}
\Pisymbol{dancers}{129} \Pisymbol{dancers}{215}
\Pisymbol{dancers}{130} \Pisymbol{dancers}{216}
\Pisymbol{dancers}{131} \Pisymbol{dancers}{217}
\Pisymbol{dancers}{132} \Pisymbol{dancers}{218}
\Pisymbol{dancers}{133} \Pisymbol{dancers}{219}
\Pisymbol{dancers}{134} \Pisymbol{dancers}{220}
\Pisymbol{dancers}{135} \Pisymbol{dancers}{221}
\Pisymbol{dancers}{136} \Pisymbol{dancers}{222}
\Pisymbol{dancers}{137} \Pisymbol{dancers}{223}
\Pisymbol{dancers}{138} \Pisymbol{dancers}{224}
\Pisymbol{dancers}{139} \Pisymbol{dancers}{225}
\Pisymbol{dancers}{140} \Pisymbol{dancers}{226}
\Pisymbol{dancers}{141} \Pisymbol{dancers}{227}
\Pisymbol{dancers}{142} \Pisymbol{dancers}{228}
\Pisymbol{dancers}{143} \Pisymbol{dancers}{229}
\Pisymbol{dancers}{144} \Pisymbol{dancers}{230}
\Pisymbol{dancers}{145} \Pisymbol{dancers}{231}
\Pisymbol{dancers}{146} \Pisymbol{dancers}{232}
\Pisymbol{dancers}{147} \Pisymbol{dancers}{233}
\Pisymbol{dancers}{148} \Pisymbol{dancers}{234}
\Pisymbol{dancers}{149} \Pisymbol{dancers}{235}
\Pisymbol{dancers}{150} \Pisymbol{dancers}{236}
\Pisymbol{dancers}{151} \Pisymbol{dancers}{237}
\Pisymbol{dancers}{152} \Pisymbol{dancers}{238}
\Pisymbol{dancers}{153} \Pisymbol{dancers}{239}
\Pisymbol{dancers}{154} \Pisymbol{dancers}{240}
(continued on next page)
204
 (continued from previous page)
E \Pisymbol{dancers}{69}
F \Pisymbol{dancers}{70}
G \Pisymbol{dancers}{71}
H \Pisymbol{dancers}{72}
I \Pisymbol{dancers}{73}
J \Pisymbol{dancers}{74}
K \Pisymbol{dancers}{75}
L \Pisymbol{dancers}{76}
M \Pisymbol{dancers}{77}
N \Pisymbol{dancers}{78}
O \Pisymbol{dancers}{79}
P \Pisymbol{dancers}{80}
Q \Pisymbol{dancers}{81}
R \Pisymbol{dancers}{82}
S \Pisymbol{dancers}{83}
T \Pisymbol{dancers}{84}
U \Pisymbol{dancers}{85}
Fans of Sherlock Holmes mysteries will recognize these glyphs as forming the
substitution cipher featured in Sir Arthur Conan Doyles The Adventure of the
Dancing Men (1903).
Table 517: semaphor Semaphore Alphabet
\Pisymbol{smfpr10}{34}
# \Pisymbol{smfpr10}{35}
$ \Pisymbol{smfpr10}{36}
* \Pisymbol{smfpr10}{42}
. \Pisymbol{smfpr10}{46}
$0# \Pisymbol{smfpr10}{48}
$1# \Pisymbol{smfpr10}{49}
$2# \Pisymbol{smfpr10}{50}
$3# \Pisymbol{smfpr10}{51}
$4# \Pisymbol{smfpr10}{52}
$5# \Pisymbol{smfpr10}{53}
$6# \Pisymbol{smfpr10}{54}
$7# \Pisymbol{smfpr10}{55}
$8# \Pisymbol{smfpr10}{56}
$9# \Pisymbol{smfpr10}{57}
\Pisymbol{dancers}{155}
\Pisymbol{dancers}{156}
\Pisymbol{dancers}{157}
\Pisymbol{dancers}{158}
\Pisymbol{dancers}{159}
\Pisymbol{dancers}{160}
\Pisymbol{dancers}{161}
\Pisymbol{dancers}{162}
\Pisymbol{dancers}{163}
\Pisymbol{dancers}{164}
\Pisymbol{dancers}{165}
\Pisymbol{dancers}{166}
\Pisymbol{dancers}{167}
\Pisymbol{dancers}{168}
\Pisymbol{dancers}{169}
\Pisymbol{dancers}{170}
\Pisymbol{dancers}{171}
t \Pisymbol{smfpr10}{116}
u \Pisymbol{smfpr10}{117}
v \Pisymbol{smfpr10}{118}
w \Pisymbol{smfpr10}{119}
x \Pisymbol{smfpr10}{120}
y \Pisymbol{smfpr10}{121}
z \Pisymbol{smfpr10}{122}
\Pisymbol{smfpr10}{126}
\Pisymbol{smfpr10}{128}
\Pisymbol{smfpr10}{129}
\Pisymbol{smfpr10}{130}
\Pisymbol{smfpr10}{131}
\Pisymbol{smfpr10}{132}
\Pisymbol{smfpr10}{133}
\Pisymbol{smfpr10}{134}
205
\Pisymbol{dancers}{241}
\Pisymbol{dancers}{242}
\Pisymbol{dancers}{243}
\Pisymbol{dancers}{244}
\Pisymbol{dancers}{245}
\Pisymbol{dancers}{246}
\Pisymbol{dancers}{247}
\Pisymbol{dancers}{248}
\Pisymbol{dancers}{249}
\Pisymbol{dancers}{250}
\Pisymbol{dancers}{251}
\Pisymbol{dancers}{252}
\Pisymbol{dancers}{253}
\Pisymbol{dancers}{254}
\Pisymbol{dancers}{255}
\Pisymbol{smfpr10}{184}
\Pisymbol{smfpr10}{185}
\Pisymbol{smfpr10}{186}
\Pisymbol{smfpr10}{187}
\Pisymbol{smfpr10}{192}
\Pisymbol{smfpr10}{193}
\Pisymbol{smfpr10}{194}
\Pisymbol{smfpr10}{195}
\Pisymbol{smfpr10}{196}
\Pisymbol{smfpr10}{197}
\Pisymbol{smfpr10}{199}
\Pisymbol{smfpr10}{200}
\Pisymbol{smfpr10}{201}
\Pisymbol{smfpr10}{202}
\Pisymbol{smfpr10}{203}
(continued on next page)
(continued from previous page)
A \Pisymbol{smfpr10}{65}
B \Pisymbol{smfpr10}{66}
C \Pisymbol{smfpr10}{67}
D \Pisymbol{smfpr10}{68}
E \Pisymbol{smfpr10}{69}
F \Pisymbol{smfpr10}{70}
G \Pisymbol{smfpr10}{71}
H \Pisymbol{smfpr10}{72}
I \Pisymbol{smfpr10}{73}
J \Pisymbol{smfpr10}{74}
K \Pisymbol{smfpr10}{75}
L \Pisymbol{smfpr10}{76}
M \Pisymbol{smfpr10}{77}
N \Pisymbol{smfpr10}{78}
O \Pisymbol{smfpr10}{79}
P \Pisymbol{smfpr10}{80}
Q \Pisymbol{smfpr10}{81}
R \Pisymbol{smfpr10}{82}
S \Pisymbol{smfpr10}{83}
T \Pisymbol{smfpr10}{84}
U \Pisymbol{smfpr10}{85}
V \Pisymbol{smfpr10}{86}
W \Pisymbol{smfpr10}{87}
X \Pisymbol{smfpr10}{88}
Y \Pisymbol{smfpr10}{89}
Z \Pisymbol{smfpr10}{90}
a \Pisymbol{smfpr10}{97}
b \Pisymbol{smfpr10}{98}
c \Pisymbol{smfpr10}{99}
d \Pisymbol{smfpr10}{100}
e \Pisymbol{smfpr10}{101}
f \Pisymbol{smfpr10}{102}
g \Pisymbol{smfpr10}{103}
h \Pisymbol{smfpr10}{104}
i \Pisymbol{smfpr10}{105}
j \Pisymbol{smfpr10}{106}
k \Pisymbol{smfpr10}{107}
l \Pisymbol{smfpr10}{108}
m \Pisymbol{smfpr10}{109}
n \Pisymbol{smfpr10}{110}
o \Pisymbol{smfpr10}{111}
p \Pisymbol{smfpr10}{112}
q \Pisymbol{smfpr10}{113}
r \Pisymbol{smfpr10}{114}
s \Pisymbol{smfpr10}{115}
\Pisymbol{smfpr10}{135} \Pisymbol{smfpr10}{204}
\Pisymbol{smfpr10}{136} \Pisymbol{smfpr10}{205}
\Pisymbol{smfpr10}{137} \Pisymbol{smfpr10}{206}
\Pisymbol{smfpr10}{138} \Pisymbol{smfpr10}{207}
\Pisymbol{smfpr10}{139} \Pisymbol{smfpr10}{209}
\Pisymbol{smfpr10}{140} \Pisymbol{smfpr10}{210}
\Pisymbol{smfpr10}{142} \Pisymbol{smfpr10}{211}
\Pisymbol{smfpr10}{143} \Pisymbol{smfpr10}{212}
\Pisymbol{smfpr10}{144} \Pisymbol{smfpr10}{213}
\Pisymbol{smfpr10}{145} \Pisymbol{smfpr10}{214}
\Pisymbol{smfpr10}{146} \Pisymbol{smfpr10}{216}
\Pisymbol{smfpr10}{147} \Pisymbol{smfpr10}{217}
\Pisymbol{smfpr10}{148} \Pisymbol{smfpr10}{218}
\Pisymbol{smfpr10}{149} \Pisymbol{smfpr10}{219}
\Pisymbol{smfpr10}{150} \Pisymbol{smfpr10}{220}
\Pisymbol{smfpr10}{151} \Pisymbol{smfpr10}{221}
\Pisymbol{smfpr10}{152} \Pisymbol{smfpr10}{224}
\Pisymbol{smfpr10}{153} \Pisymbol{smfpr10}{225}
\Pisymbol{smfpr10}{154} \Pisymbol{smfpr10}{226}
\Pisymbol{smfpr10}{155} \Pisymbol{smfpr10}{227}
\Pisymbol{smfpr10}{157} \Pisymbol{smfpr10}{228}
\Pisymbol{smfpr10}{158} \Pisymbol{smfpr10}{229}
\Pisymbol{smfpr10}{160} \Pisymbol{smfpr10}{231}
\Pisymbol{smfpr10}{161} \Pisymbol{smfpr10}{232}
\Pisymbol{smfpr10}{162} \Pisymbol{smfpr10}{233}
\Pisymbol{smfpr10}{163} \Pisymbol{smfpr10}{234}
\Pisymbol{smfpr10}{164} \Pisymbol{smfpr10}{235}
\Pisymbol{smfpr10}{165} \Pisymbol{smfpr10}{236}
\Pisymbol{smfpr10}{166} \Pisymbol{smfpr10}{237}
\Pisymbol{smfpr10}{167} \Pisymbol{smfpr10}{238}
\Pisymbol{smfpr10}{168} \Pisymbol{smfpr10}{239}
\Pisymbol{smfpr10}{169} \Pisymbol{smfpr10}{241}
\Pisymbol{smfpr10}{170} \Pisymbol{smfpr10}{242}
\Pisymbol{smfpr10}{171} \Pisymbol{smfpr10}{243}
\Pisymbol{smfpr10}{172} \Pisymbol{smfpr10}{244}
\Pisymbol{smfpr10}{174} \Pisymbol{smfpr10}{245}
\Pisymbol{smfpr10}{175} \Pisymbol{smfpr10}{246}
\Pisymbol{smfpr10}{176} \Pisymbol{smfpr10}{248}
\Pisymbol{smfpr10}{177} \Pisymbol{smfpr10}{249}
\Pisymbol{smfpr10}{178} \Pisymbol{smfpr10}{250}
\Pisymbol{smfpr10}{179} \Pisymbol{smfpr10}{251}
\Pisymbol{smfpr10}{180} \Pisymbol{smfpr10}{252}
\Pisymbol{smfpr10}{181} \Pisymbol{smfpr10}{253}
\Pisymbol{smfpr10}{182}
\Pisymbol{smfpr10}{183}
206
 semaphor provides a semaf.fd font-definition file. Instead of using pifont and
\Pisymbol to typeset a glyph, a document can select the semaphor fonts di-
rectly, although this does require putting \input{semaf.fd} in the documents
preamble. For example, {\usefont{OT1}{smfp}{m}{n}Hello} will typeset
Hello. This can be useful for typesetting complete messages. Roman,
bold, monospace, slanted, and bold+slanted styles are all supported.

In addition, semaphor provides three variations of each font: a person version

(smfpr10), which is what is illustrated in the preceding table, a pillar version
(smfr10), which shows the flags on a pillar rather than being held by a person,
and an empty version (smfer10), which shows only the flags and no pillar
or person. Contrast these variations of the letter H:

H
(person)
vs. H
(pillar)
vs. H
(empty)

Table 518: cryst Crystallography Symbols

\Pisymbol{cryst}{0} ? \Pisymbol{cryst}{63} \Pisymbol{cryst}{138}

 \Pisymbol{cryst}{2}
 \Pisymbol{cryst}{3}
 \Pisymbol{cryst}{4}
 \Pisymbol{cryst}{5}
 \Pisymbol{cryst}{6}
 \Pisymbol{cryst}{7}
 \Pisymbol{cryst}{8}
\Pisymbol{cryst}{9}
@ \Pisymbol{cryst}{64} \Pisymbol{cryst}{139}
A \Pisymbol{cryst}{65} \Pisymbol{cryst}{140}
B \Pisymbol{cryst}{66} \Pisymbol{cryst}{141}
K \Pisymbol{cryst}{75} \Pisymbol{cryst}{142}
M \Pisymbol{cryst}{77} \Pisymbol{cryst}{143}
N \Pisymbol{cryst}{78} \Pisymbol{cryst}{145}
O \Pisymbol{cryst}{79} \Pisymbol{cryst}{147}
P \Pisymbol{cryst}{80} \Pisymbol{cryst}{148}

\Pisymbol{cryst}{10} Q \Pisymbol{cryst}{81} \Pisymbol{cryst}{149}

 \Pisymbol{cryst}{12}
 \Pisymbol{cryst}{15}
 \Pisymbol{cryst}{20}
 \Pisymbol{cryst}{21}
 \Pisymbol{cryst}{22}
 \Pisymbol{cryst}{24}
 \Pisymbol{cryst}{25}
 \Pisymbol{cryst}{27}
 \Pisymbol{cryst}{28}
 \Pisymbol{cryst}{29}
 \Pisymbol{cryst}{30}
 \Pisymbol{cryst}{31}
\Pisymbol{cryst}{32}
# \Pisymbol{cryst}{35}
$ \Pisymbol{cryst}{36}
% \Pisymbol{cryst}{37}
& \Pisymbol{cryst}{38}
' \Pisymbol{cryst}{39}
( \Pisymbol{cryst}{40}
) \Pisymbol{cryst}{41}
* \Pisymbol{cryst}{42}
+ \Pisymbol{cryst}{43}
R \Pisymbol{cryst}{82} \Pisymbol{cryst}{155}
S \Pisymbol{cryst}{83} \Pisymbol{cryst}{157}
T \Pisymbol{cryst}{84} \Pisymbol{cryst}{158}
U \Pisymbol{cryst}{85} \Pisymbol{cryst}{159}
W \Pisymbol{cryst}{87} \Pisymbol{cryst}{175}
X \Pisymbol{cryst}{88} \Pisymbol{cryst}{177}
Y \Pisymbol{cryst}{89} \Pisymbol{cryst}{178}
_ \Pisymbol{cryst}{95} \Pisymbol{cryst}{179}
a \Pisymbol{cryst}{97} \Pisymbol{cryst}{185}
b \Pisymbol{cryst}{98} \Pisymbol{cryst}{187}
c \Pisymbol{cryst}{99} \Pisymbol{cryst}{188}
f \Pisymbol{cryst}{102} \Pisymbol{cryst}{189}
g \Pisymbol{cryst}{103} \Pisymbol{cryst}{195}
h \Pisymbol{cryst}{104} \Pisymbol{cryst}{197}
i \Pisymbol{cryst}{105} \Pisymbol{cryst}{198}
k \Pisymbol{cryst}{107} \Pisymbol{cryst}{199}
l \Pisymbol{cryst}{108} \Pisymbol{cryst}{202}
m \Pisymbol{cryst}{109} \Pisymbol{cryst}{203}
p \Pisymbol{cryst}{112} \Pisymbol{cryst}{204}
q \Pisymbol{cryst}{113} \Pisymbol{cryst}{210}
x \Pisymbol{cryst}{120} \Pisymbol{cryst}{212}
y \Pisymbol{cryst}{121} \Pisymbol{cryst}{213}
(continued on next page)
207
(continued from previous page)

, \Pisymbol{cryst}{44} { \Pisymbol{cryst}{123} \Pisymbol{cryst}{220}

- \Pisymbol{cryst}{45}
/ \Pisymbol{cryst}{47}
0 \Pisymbol{cryst}{48}
1 \Pisymbol{cryst}{49}
2 \Pisymbol{cryst}{50}
7 \Pisymbol{cryst}{55}
9 \Pisymbol{cryst}{57}
: \Pisymbol{cryst}{58}
; \Pisymbol{cryst}{59}
< \Pisymbol{cryst}{60}
= \Pisymbol{cryst}{61}
> \Pisymbol{cryst}{62}
| \Pisymbol{cryst}{124}
} \Pisymbol{cryst}{125}
 \Pisymbol{cryst}{127}
\Pisymbol{cryst}{128}
\Pisymbol{cryst}{129}
\Pisymbol{cryst}{130}
\Pisymbol{cryst}{131}
\Pisymbol{cryst}{132}
\Pisymbol{cryst}{133}
\Pisymbol{cryst}{135}
\Pisymbol{cryst}{136}
\Pisymbol{cryst}{137}
\Pisymbol{cryst}{221}
\Pisymbol{cryst}{223}
\Pisymbol{cryst}{224}
\Pisymbol{cryst}{230}
\Pisymbol{cryst}{231}
\Pisymbol{cryst}{232}
\Pisymbol{cryst}{233}
\Pisymbol{cryst}{236}
\Pisymbol{cryst}{240}
\Pisymbol{cryst}{241}
\Pisymbol{cryst}{242}
\Pisymbol{cryst}{243}

Table 519: dice Dice

1 \Pisymbol{dice3d}{49} e \Pisymbol{dice3d}{101} o \Pisymbol{dice3d}{111}

2 \Pisymbol{dice3d}{50}
3 \Pisymbol{dice3d}{51}
4 \Pisymbol{dice3d}{52}
5 \Pisymbol{dice3d}{53}
6 \Pisymbol{dice3d}{54}
a \Pisymbol{dice3d}{97}
b \Pisymbol{dice3d}{98}
c \Pisymbol{dice3d}{99}
d \Pisymbol{dice3d}{100}
f \Pisymbol{dice3d}{102}
g \Pisymbol{dice3d}{103}
h \Pisymbol{dice3d}{104}
i \Pisymbol{dice3d}{105}
j \Pisymbol{dice3d}{106}
k \Pisymbol{dice3d}{107}
l \Pisymbol{dice3d}{108}
m \Pisymbol{dice3d}{109}
n \Pisymbol{dice3d}{110}
p \Pisymbol{dice3d}{112}
q \Pisymbol{dice3d}{113}
r \Pisymbol{dice3d}{114}
s \Pisymbol{dice3d}{115}
t \Pisymbol{dice3d}{116}
u \Pisymbol{dice3d}{117}
v \Pisymbol{dice3d}{118}
w \Pisymbol{dice3d}{119}
x \Pisymbol{dice3d}{120}

dice defines its symbols at a very small design size. The

glyphs shown above were scaled up by a factor of four using
\DeclareFontShape{U}{dice3d}{m}{n}{<-> s*[4] dice3d}{}.

An alternative to using \Pisymbol to select a die rotation is to rely on

some cleverness in the kerning tables provided by the dice font. The in-
dividual digits 1 through 6 each produce the corresponding (2D) die
face: {\usefont{U}{dice3d}{m}{n}2 2 1} produces 221 , for example.
When followed by a letter a through d, those pairs are kerned to pro-
duce a 3D die rotation with the digit specifying by the top face and the letter
specifying one of the four possible front faces, sorted by increasing value. For
example, {\usefont{U}{dice3d}{m}{n}2a 2b 1d} produces efd .

208
 Table 520: magic Trading Card Symbols
0 \Pisymbol{magic}{48} 6 \Pisymbol{magic}{54} R \Pisymbol{magic}{82}
1 \Pisymbol{magic}{49} 7 \Pisymbol{magic}{55} T \Pisymbol{magic}{84}
2 \Pisymbol{magic}{50} 8 \Pisymbol{magic}{56} U \Pisymbol{magic}{85}
3 \Pisymbol{magic}{51} 9 \Pisymbol{magic}{57} W \Pisymbol{magic}{87}
4 \Pisymbol{magic}{52} B \Pisymbol{magic}{66} X \Pisymbol{magic}{88}
5 \Pisymbol{magic}{53} G \Pisymbol{magic}{71} Z \Pisymbol{magic}{90}

The preceding symbols resemble those from Wizards of the Coasts Magic:
The Gathering trading-card game. An alternative to entering sym-
bols numerically using \Pisymbol is to switch to the magic font with
\usefont{U}{magic}{m}{n} and employ the following mnemonic characters:

09 09 Circled numerals 09
B B Black magic symbol
G G Green magic symbol
R R Red magic symbol
T T Tap symbol (tilted T in a circle)
U U Blue magic symbol
W W White magic symbol
X X Circled X (for mana cost, e.g., Fireball)
Z Z Circled 10 (for mana cost, e.g., Aladdins Lamp)

Table 521: bartel-chess-fonts Chess Pieces and Chessboard Squares

\Pisymbol{fselch}{0} 7 \Pisymbol{fselch}{55} n \Pisymbol{fselch}{110}

\Pisymbol{fselch}{1}
 \Pisymbol{fselch}{2}
 \Pisymbol{fselch}{3}
 \Pisymbol{fselch}{4}
 \Pisymbol{fselch}{5}
 \Pisymbol{fselch}{6}
 \Pisymbol{fselch}{7}
 \Pisymbol{fselch}{8}
\Pisymbol{fselch}{9}
8 \Pisymbol{fselch}{56}
9 \Pisymbol{fselch}{57}
: \Pisymbol{fselch}{58}
; \Pisymbol{fselch}{59}
< \Pisymbol{fselch}{60}
= \Pisymbol{fselch}{61}
> \Pisymbol{fselch}{62}
? \Pisymbol{fselch}{63}
@ \Pisymbol{fselch}{64}
o \Pisymbol{fselch}{111}
p \Pisymbol{fselch}{112}
q \Pisymbol{fselch}{113}
r \Pisymbol{fselch}{114}
s \Pisymbol{fselch}{115}
t \Pisymbol{fselch}{116}
u \Pisymbol{fselch}{117}
v \Pisymbol{fselch}{118}
w \Pisymbol{fselch}{119}

\Pisymbol{fselch}{10} A \Pisymbol{fselch}{65} x \Pisymbol{fselch}{120}

 \Pisymbol{fselch}{11} B \Pisymbol{fselch}{66} y \Pisymbol{fselch}{121}
 \Pisymbol{fselch}{12}
\Pisymbol{fselch}{13}
 \Pisymbol{fselch}{14}
 \Pisymbol{fselch}{15}
 \Pisymbol{fselch}{16}
 \Pisymbol{fselch}{17}
 \Pisymbol{fselch}{18}
 \Pisymbol{fselch}{19}
C \Pisymbol{fselch}{67}
D \Pisymbol{fselch}{68}
E \Pisymbol{fselch}{69}
F \Pisymbol{fselch}{70}
G \Pisymbol{fselch}{71}
H \Pisymbol{fselch}{72}
I \Pisymbol{fselch}{73}
J \Pisymbol{fselch}{74}
209
z \Pisymbol{fselch}{122}
{ \Pisymbol{fselch}{123}
| \Pisymbol{fselch}{124}
} \Pisymbol{fselch}{125}
~ \Pisymbol{fselch}{126}
 \Pisymbol{fselch}{127}
\Pisymbol{fselch}{128}
\Pisymbol{fselch}{129}
(continued on next page)
(continued from previous page)

 \Pisymbol{fselch}{20} K \Pisymbol{fselch}{75} \Pisymbol{fselch}{130}

 \Pisymbol{fselch}{21}
 \Pisymbol{fselch}{22}
 \Pisymbol{fselch}{23}
 \Pisymbol{fselch}{24}
 \Pisymbol{fselch}{25}
 \Pisymbol{fselch}{26}
 \Pisymbol{fselch}{27}
 \Pisymbol{fselch}{28}
 \Pisymbol{fselch}{29}
 \Pisymbol{fselch}{30}
 \Pisymbol{fselch}{31}
\Pisymbol{fselch}{32}
! \Pisymbol{fselch}{33}
" \Pisymbol{fselch}{34}
# \Pisymbol{fselch}{35}
$ \Pisymbol{fselch}{36}
% \Pisymbol{fselch}{37}
& \Pisymbol{fselch}{38}
' \Pisymbol{fselch}{39}
( \Pisymbol{fselch}{40}
) \Pisymbol{fselch}{41}
* \Pisymbol{fselch}{42}
+ \Pisymbol{fselch}{43}
, \Pisymbol{fselch}{44}
- \Pisymbol{fselch}{45}
. \Pisymbol{fselch}{46}
/ \Pisymbol{fselch}{47}
0 \Pisymbol{fselch}{48}
1 \Pisymbol{fselch}{49}
2 \Pisymbol{fselch}{50}
3 \Pisymbol{fselch}{51}
4 \Pisymbol{fselch}{52}
5 \Pisymbol{fselch}{53}
6 \Pisymbol{fselch}{54}
L \Pisymbol{fselch}{76}
M \Pisymbol{fselch}{77}
N \Pisymbol{fselch}{78}
O \Pisymbol{fselch}{79}
P \Pisymbol{fselch}{80}
Q \Pisymbol{fselch}{81}
R \Pisymbol{fselch}{82}
S \Pisymbol{fselch}{83}
T \Pisymbol{fselch}{84}
U \Pisymbol{fselch}{85}
V \Pisymbol{fselch}{86}
W \Pisymbol{fselch}{87}
X \Pisymbol{fselch}{88}
Y \Pisymbol{fselch}{89}
Z \Pisymbol{fselch}{90}
[ \Pisymbol{fselch}{91}
\ \Pisymbol{fselch}{92}
] \Pisymbol{fselch}{93}
^ \Pisymbol{fselch}{94}
_ \Pisymbol{fselch}{95}
` \Pisymbol{fselch}{96}
a \Pisymbol{fselch}{97}
b \Pisymbol{fselch}{98}
c \Pisymbol{fselch}{99}
d \Pisymbol{fselch}{100}
e \Pisymbol{fselch}{101}
f \Pisymbol{fselch}{102}
g \Pisymbol{fselch}{103}
h \Pisymbol{fselch}{104}
i \Pisymbol{fselch}{105}
j \Pisymbol{fselch}{106}
k \Pisymbol{fselch}{107}
l \Pisymbol{fselch}{108}
m \Pisymbol{fselch}{109}
\Pisymbol{fselch}{131}
\Pisymbol{fselch}{132}
\Pisymbol{fselch}{133}
\Pisymbol{fselch}{134}
\Pisymbol{fselch}{135}
\Pisymbol{fselch}{136}
\Pisymbol{fselch}{137}
\Pisymbol{fselch}{138}
\Pisymbol{fselch}{139}
\Pisymbol{fselch}{140}
\Pisymbol{fselch}{141}
\Pisymbol{fselch}{142}
\Pisymbol{fselch}{143}
\Pisymbol{fselch}{144}
\Pisymbol{fselch}{145}
\Pisymbol{fselch}{151}
\Pisymbol{fselch}{157}
\Pisymbol{fselch}{163}
\Pisymbol{fselch}{169}
\Pisymbol{fselch}{175}
\Pisymbol{fselch}{180}
\Pisymbol{fselch}{186}
\Pisymbol{fselch}{192}
\Pisymbol{fselch}{198}
\Pisymbol{fselch}{204}
\Pisymbol{fselch}{210}
\Pisymbol{fselch}{216}
\Pisymbol{fselch}{222}
\Pisymbol{fselch}{228}
\Pisymbol{fselch}{234}
\Pisymbol{fselch}{240}
\Pisymbol{fselch}{246}

In addition to the fselch font showcased above, bartel-chess-fonts also provides

a pkelch font which includes the same symbol set (minus some of the higher-
numbered characters) but drawn in a slightly different style.

bartel-chess-fonts provides the fselch and pkelch fonts in various sizes (op-
tically scaled). See LATEX 2 Font Selection [LAT00] for advice on how
to expose these sorts of fonts to LATEX using \DeclareFontFamily and
\DeclareFontShape.

210
10 Additional Information
Unlike the previous sections of this document, Section 10 does not contain new symbol tables. Rather,
it provides additional help in using the Comprehensive LATEX Symbol List. First, it draws attention to
symbol names used by multiple packages. Next, it provides some guidelines for finding symbols and gives
some examples regarding how to construct missing symbols out of existing ones. Then, it comments on
the spacing surrounding symbols in math mode. After that, it presents an ASCII and Latin 1 quick-
reference guide, showing how to enter all of the standard ASCII/Latin 1 symbols in LATEX. And finally,
it lists some statistics about this document itself.

10.1 Symbol Name Clashes

Unfortunately, a number of symbol names are not unique; they appear in more than one package.
Depending on how the symbols are defined in each package, LATEX will either output an error message or
replace an earlier-defined symbol with a later-defined symbol. Table 522 on the following page presents
a selection of name clashes that appear in this document.
Using multiple symbols with the same name in the same documentor even merely loading conflicting
symbol packagescan be tricky but, as evidenced by the existence of Table 522, not impossible. The
general procedure is to load the first package, rename the conflicting symbols, and then load the second
package. Examine the LATEX source for this document (symbols.tex) for examples of this and other
techniques for handling symbol conflicts. Note that symbols.texs \savesymbol and \restoresymbol
macros have been extracted into the savesym package, which can be downloaded from CTAN.
txfonts and pxfonts redefine a huge number of symbolsessentially, all of the symbols defined by
latexsym, textcomp, the various symbol sets, and LATEX 2 itself. Similarly, mathabx redefines a
vast number of math symbols in an attempt to improve their look. The txfonts, pxfonts, and mathabx
conflicts are not listed in Table 522 because they are designed to be compatible with the symbols they
replace. Table 523 on page 213 illustrates what compatible means in this context.
To use the new txfonts/pxfonts symbols without altering the documents main font, merely reset the
default font families back to their original values after loading one of those packages:

\renewcommand\rmdefault{cmr}
\renewcommand\sfdefault{cmss}
\renewcommand\ttdefault{cmtt}

10.2 Resizing symbols

Mathematical symbols listed in this document as variable-sized are designed to stretch vertically.
Each variable-sized symbol comes in one or more basic sizes plus a variation comprising both stretchable
and nonstretchable segments. Table 524 on page 213 presents the symbols \} and \uparrow in their
default size, in their \big, \Big, \bigg, and \Bigg sizes, in an even larger size achieved using \left/
\right, andfor contrastin a large size achieved by changing the font size using LATEX 2 s \fontsize
command. Because the symbols shown belong to the Computer Modern family, the type1cm package
needs to be loaded to support font sizes larger than 24.88 pt.
Note how \fontsize makes the symbol wider and thicker. (The graphicx packages \scalebox
or \resizebox commands would produce a similar effect.) Also, the \fontsize-enlarged symbol is
vertically centered relative to correspondingly large text, unlike the symbols enlarged using \big et al.
or \left/\right, which all use the same math axis regardless of symbol size. However, \fontsize is
not limited to mathematical delimiters. Also, \scalebox and \resizebox are more robust to poorly
composed symbols (e.g., two symbols made to overlap by backspacing a fixed distance) but do not work
with every TEX backend and will produce jagged symbols when scaling a bitmapped font.
All variable-sized delimiters are defined (by the corresponding .tfm file) in terms of up to five seg-
ments, as illustrated by Figure 1 on page 213. The top, middle, and bottom segments are of a fixed
size. The top-middle and middle-bottom segments (which are constrained to be the same character) are
repeated as many times as necessary to achieve the desired height.

10.3 Where can I find the symbol for . . . ?

If you cant find some symbol youre looking for in this document, there are a few possible explanations:

211
 Table 522: Symbol Name Clashes

Symbol LATEX 2 stmaryrd wasysym mathabx marvosym bbding ifsym dingbat wsuipa
\baro  <
\bigtriangledown
`
\bigtriangleup
a

\checkmark X D
\Circle 5
\Cross
#
* 

212
\ggg
\Letter B
\lightning
\Lightning 

E
\lll
\Square  f 0
\Sun @ 
\TriangleDown o 3
\TriangleUp n 1
 Table 523: Example of a Benign Name Clash

Default txfonts
Symbol (Computer Modern) (Times Roman)

R R R
\textrecipe

Table 524: Sample resized delimiters

Symbol Default size \big \Big \bigg \Bigg \left / \right \fontsize

\} }
} } } }

















}
\uparrow

































top




top-middle (extensible)








middle











middle-bottom (extensible)







bottom

Figure 1: Implementation of variable-sized delimiters

213
 The symbol isnt intuitively named. As a few examples, the ifsym command to draw dice is \Cube;
a plus sign with a circle around it (exclusive or to computer engineers) is \oplus; and lightning
bolts in fonts designed by German speakers may have blitz in their names as in the ulsy package.
The moral of the story is to be creative with synonyms when searching the index.

The symbol is defined by some package that I overlooked (or deemed unimportant). If theres some
symbol package that you think should be included in the Comprehensive LATEX Symbol List, please
send me e-mail at the address listed on the title page.
The symbol isnt defined in any package whatsoever.

Even in the last case, all is not lost. Sometimes, a symbol exists in a font, but there is no LATEX
binding for it. For example, the PostScript Symbol font contains a symbol, which may be useful
for representing a carriage return, but there is no package (as far as I know) for accessing that symbol.
To produce an unnamed symbol, you need to switch to the font explicitly with LATEX 2 s low-level
font commands [LAT00] and use TEXs primitive \char command [Knu86a] to request a specific character
number in the font. For example, one can define a command to typeset a long s ( ) using character 115
from the Latin Modern fonts in the TS1 font encoding:

\newcommand{\textlongs}{{%
\fontencoding{TS1}\fontfamily{lmr}\selectfont\char115%
}}

Then, \textlongs ucce\textlongs sful will produce uccesfulin the current font style (roman,
italic, bold, etc.)

X
In fact, \char is not strictly necesssary in all cases; the character can often be entered symbolically.
For example, the symbol for an impulse train or Tate-Shafarevich group ( ) is actually an uppercase
sha in the Cyrillic alphabet. (Cyrillic is supported by the OT2 font encoding, for instance). While a sha
can be defined numerically as {\fontencoding{OT2}\selectfont\char88} it may be more intuitive
to use the OT2 font encodings SH ligature: {\fontencoding{OT2}\selectfont SH}. Another
possibility is to use the T2A font encodings \CYRSH command: {\fontencoding{T2A}\selectfont
\CYRSH}.
For the specific case of the U font encoding, which is used for symbol or pi fonts, the pifont package
defines a convenient \Pisymbol command. \Pisymbol typesets a specified character (by number) in a
specified font family. For example, \Pisymbol{psy}{191} produces the aforementioned symbol
by typesetting character number 191 in the psy (PostScript Symbol) font family.

Reflecting and rotating existing symbols

A common request on comp.text.tex is for a reversed or rotated version of an existing symbol. As
a last resort, these effects can be achieved with the graphicx (or graphics) packages \reflectbox
and \rotatebox macros. For example, \textsuperscript{\reflectbox{?}} produces an irony
mark ( ? ), and \rotatebox[origin=c]{180}{$\iota$} produces the definite-description opera-
tor ( ). As noted by Marc Olschok in a July 2011 post on comp.text.tex, Project Gutenberg uses

\reflectbox to typeset the part (3) and whole (3) relations used in Dedekinds set notation:

\newcommand\partof{\mathrel{\raisebox{0.45ex}{$\mathfrak{3}$}}}
\newcommand\wholeof{\mathrel{\reflectbox{$\partof$}}}

The disadvantage of the graphicx/graphics approach is that not every TEX backend handles graphical
transformations.5 Far better is to find a suitable font that contains the desired symbol in the correct
orientation. For instance, if the phonetic package is available, then \textit{\riota} will yield a backend-
independent . Similarly, tipas \textrevepsilon (3) or wsuipas \revepsilon () may be used
to express the mathematical notion of such that in a cleaner manner than with \reflectbox or
\rotatebox.6
5 As an example, Xdvi ignores both \reflectbox and \rotatebox.
6 More common symbols for representing such that include |, :, and s.t..

214
Joining and overlapping existing symbols
Symbols that do not exist in any font can sometimes be fabricated out of existing symbols. The LATEX 2
source file fontdef.dtx contains a number of such definitions. For example, \models (see Table 88 on
page 48) is defined in that file with:

\def\models{\mathrel|\joinrel=}

where \mathrel and \joinrel are used to control the horizontal spacing. \def is the TEX primitive
upon which LATEXs \newcommand is based. See The TEXbook [Knu86a] for more information on all three
of those commands.
With some simple pattern-matching, one can easily define a backward \models sign (=|):

\def\ismodeledby{=\joinrel\mathrel|}

In general, arrows/harpoons, horizontal lines (=, -, \relbar, and \Relbar), and the various
math-extension characters can be combined creatively with miscellaneous other characters to produce a
variety of new symbols. Of course, new symbols can be composed from any set of existing characters.
For instance, LATEX defines \hbar (~) as a character (\mathchar26) followed by a backspace of
9 math units (\mkern-9mu), followed by the letter :

\def\hbar{{\mathchar26\mkern-9muh}}

We can just as easily define other barred letters:

\def\bbar{{\mathchar26\mkern-9mu b}}
\def\dbar{{\mathchar26\mkern-12mu d}}

(The space after the mu is optional but is added for clarity.) \bbar and \dbar define
and
,
respectively. Note that \dbar requires a greater backward math kern than \bbar; a 9 mu kern would
have produced the less-attractive
glyph.
The amsmath package provides \overset and \underset commands for placing one symbol respec-

tively above or below another. For example, \overset{G}{\sim}7 produces (sometimes used for
equidecomposable with respect to ).
Sometimes an ordinary tabular environment can be co-opted into juxtaposing existing symbols
into a new symbol. Consider the following definition of \asterism (** * ) from a June 2007 post to
comp.text.tex by Peter Flynn:

\newcommand{\asterism}{\smash{%
\raisebox{-.5ex}{%
\setlength{\tabcolsep}{-.5pt}%
\begin{tabular}{@{}cc@{}}%
\multicolumn2c*\\[-2ex]*&*%
\end{tabular}}}}

Note how the space between columns (\tabcolsep) and rows (\\[. . . ]) is made negative to squeeze the
asterisks closer together.

There is a TEX primitive called \mathaccent that centers one mathematical symbol atop another.

For example, one can define \dotcup ()the composition of a \cup and a \cdotas follows:

\newcommand{\dotcup}{\ensuremath{\mathaccent\cdot\cup}}

The catch is that \mathaccent requires the accent to be a math character. That is, it must be a charac-
ter in a math font as opposed to a symbol defined in terms of other symbols. See The TEXbook [Knu86a]
for more information.
Another TEX primitive that is useful for composing symbols is \vcenter. \vcenter is conceptually
similar to \begin{tabular}{l} in LATEX but takes a list of vertical material instead of \\-separated
rows. Also, it vertically centers the result on the math axis. (Many operators, such as + and
are also vertically centered on the math axis.) Enrico Gregorio posted the following symbol definition to
comp.text.tex in March 2004 in response to a query about an alternate way to denote equivalence:
7L
AT
EXs \stackrel command is similar but is limited to placing a symbol above a binary relation.

215
 \newcommand*{\threesim}{%
\mathrel{\vcenter{\offinterlineskip
\hbox{$\sim$}\vskip-.35ex\hbox{$\sim$}\vskip-.35ex\hbox{$\sim$}}}}
The \threesim symbol, which vertically centers three \sim () symbols with 0.35 -heights of space
between them, is rendered as
. \offinterlineskip is a macro that disables implicit interline
spacing. Without it, \threesim would have a full line of vertical spacing between each \sim. Because
of \vcenter, \threesim aligns properly with other math operators:
.
A related LATEX command, borrowed from Plain TEX, is \ooalign. \ooalign vertically overlaps
symbols and works both within and outside of math mode. Essentially, it creates a single-column
tabular environment with zero vertical distance between rows. However, because it is based directly on
TEXs \ialign primitive, \ooalign uses TEXs tabular syntax instead of LATEXs (i.e., with \cr as the
row terminator instead of \\). The following example of \ooalign, a macro that defines a standard-
state symbol (\stst,

),8 is due to an October 2007
) as a superscripted Plimsoll line (\barcirc,
comp.text.tex post by Donald Arseneau:
\makeatletter
\providecommand\barcirc{\mathpalette\@barred\circ}
\def\@barred#1#2{\ooalign{\hfil$#1-$\hfil\cr\hfil$#1#2$\hfil\cr}}
\newcommand\stst{^{\protect\barcirc}}
\makeatother
In the preceding code, note the \ooalign calls use of \hfil to horizontally center a minus sign ()
and a \circ ().
As another example of \ooalign, consider the following code (due to Enrico Gregorio in a June 2007
post to comp.text.tex) that overlaps a \ni () and two minus signs ( ) to produce
, an
obscure variation on the infrequently used 3 symbol for such thatdiscussed on page 214:
\newcommand{\suchthat}{%
\mathrel{\ooalign{$\ni$\cr\kern-1pt$-$\kern-6.5pt$-$}}}
The slashed package, although originally designed for producing Feynman slashed-character notation,
in fact facilitates the production of arbitrary overlapped symbols. The default behavior is to overwrite
a given character with /. For example, \slashed{D} produces . / However, the \declareslashed
command provides the flexibility to specify the mathematical context of the composite character (opera-
tor, relation, punctuation, etc., as will be discussed in Section 10.4), the overlapping symbol, horizontal
and vertical adjustments in symbol-relative units, and the character to be overlapped. Consider, for
example, the symbol for reduced quadrupole moment (). - This can be declared as follows:
\newcommand{\rqm}{{%
\declareslashed{}{\text{-}}{0.04}{0}{I}\slashed{I}}}
\declareslashed{}{}{}{}{I} affects the meaning of all subsequent \slashed{I} commands in the
same scope. The preceding definition of \rqm therefore uses an extra set of curly braces to limit that
scope to a single \slashed{I}. In addition, \rqm uses amstexts \text macro (described on page 218) to
make \declareslashed use a text-mode hyphen (-) instead of a math-mode minus sign () and to
ensure that the hyphen scales properly in size in subscripts and superscripts. See slasheds documentation
(located in slashed.sty itself) for a detailed usage description of the \slashed and \declareslashed
commands.
Somewhat simpler than slashed is the centernot package. centernot provides a single command,
\centernot, which, like \not, puts a slash over the subsequent mathematical symbol. However, instead
of putting the slash at a fixed location, \centernot centers the slash over its argument. \centernot
might be used, for example, to create a does not imply symbol:

= \not\Longrightarrow
vs.

= \centernot\Longrightarrow

See the centernot documentation for more information.

8 While \barcirc illustrates how to combine symbols using \ooalign, the stmaryrd packages \minuso command (Table 52

on page 29) provides a similar glyph (

) as a single, indivisible symbol.

216
Making new symbols work in superscripts and subscripts
To make composite symbols work properly within subscripts and superscripts, you may need to use
TEXs \mathchoice primitive. \mathchoice evaluates one of four expressions, based on whether the
current math style is display, text, script, or scriptscript. (See The TEXbook [Knu86a] for a more
complete description.) For example, the following LATEX codeposted to comp.text.tex by Torsten
Brongercomposes a sub/superscriptable symbol out of \top and \bot ( and ):

\def\topbotatom#1{\hbox{\hbox to 0pt{$#1\bot$\hss}$#1\top$}}
\newcommand*{\topbot}{\mathrel{\mathchoice{\topbotatom\displaystyle}
{\topbotatom\textstyle}
{\topbotatom\scriptstyle}
{\topbotatom\scriptscriptstyle}}}

The following is another example that uses \mathchoice to construct symbols in different math
modes. The code defines a principal value integral symbol, which is an integral sign with a line through
it.

\def\Xint#1{\mathchoice
{\XXint\displaystyle\textstyle{#1}}%
{\XXint\textstyle\scriptstyle{#1}}%
{\XXint\scriptstyle\scriptscriptstyle{#1}}%
{\XXint\scriptscriptstyle\scriptscriptstyle{#1}}%
\!\int}
\def\XXint#1#2#3{{\setbox0=\hbox{$#1{#2#3}{\int}$}
\vcenter{\hbox{$#2#3$}}\kern-.5\wd0}}
\def\ddashint{\Xint=}
\def\dashint{\Xint-}

(The preceding code was taken verbatim from the UK TEX Users Group FAQ at http://www.tex.ac.uk/
faq.) \dashint
produces a single-dashed integral sign (), while \ddashint produces a double-dashed
one ( ). The \Xint macro defined
=
above can also be used togenerate a wealth of new integrals: 
(\Xint\circlearrowright), (\Xint\circlearrowleft), (\Xint\subset), (\Xint\infty),
and so forth.
LATEX 2 provides a simple wrapper for \mathchoice that sometimes helps produce terser sym-
bol definitions. The macro is called \mathpalette and it takes two arguments. \mathpalette in-
vokes the first argument, passing it one of \displaystyle, \textstyle, \scriptstyle, or
\scriptscriptstyle, followed by the second argument. \mathpalette is useful when a symbol macro
must know which math style is currently in use (e.g., to set it explicitly within an \mbox). Donald Arse-
neau posted the following \mathpalette-based definition of a probabilistic-independence symbol ( )
to comp.text.tex in June 2000:

\newcommand\independent{\protect\mathpalette{\protect\independenT}{\perp}}
\def\independenT#1#2{\mathrel{\rlap{$#1#2$}\mkern2mu{#1#2}}}

The \independent macro uses \mathpalette to pass the \independenT helper macro both the current
math style and the \perp symbol. \independenT typesets \perp in the current math style, moves two
math units to the right, and finally typesets a secondoverlappingcopy of \perp, again in the current
math style. \rlap, which enables text overlap, is described on the following page.

Some people like their square-root signs with a trailing hook (i.e., ) as this helps visually

distinguish expressions like 3 from those like 3. In March 2002, Dan Luecking posted a
\mathpalette-based definition of a hooked square-root symbol to comp.text.tex. This code was sub-
sequently refined by Max Dohse and Scott Pakin into the version shown below, which accepts a root as
an optional argument, for consistency with \sqrt.

\newcommand{\hksqrt}[2][]{\mathpalette\DHLhksqrt{[#1]{#2\,}}}
\def\DHLhksqrt#1#2{\setbox0=\hbox{$#1\sqrt#2$}\dimen0=\ht0
\advance\dimen0-0.2\ht0
\setbox2=\hbox{\vrule height\ht0 depth -\dimen0}%
{\box0\lower0.4pt\box2}}

217
Notice how \hksqrt uses \mathpalette to pass the current math style (\displaystyle, \textstyle,
etc.) to \DHLhksqrt as argument #1. \DHLhksqrt subsequently uses that style within an \hbox. The rest
of the code is simply using TEX primitives to position a hook of height 0.2 times the \sqrt height at the
right of the \sqrt. See The TEXbook [Knu86a] for more understanding of TEX boxes and dimens.
Sometimes, however, amstexts \text macro is all that is necessary to make composite symbols
) and
appear correctly in subscripts and superscripts, as in the following definitions of \neswarrow (
\nwsearrow ( ):9

\newcommand{\neswarrow}{\mathrel{\text{$\nearrow$\llap{$\swarrow$}}}}
\newcommand{\nwsearrow}{\mathrel{\text{$\nwarrow$\llap{$\searrow$}}}}

\text resembles LATEXs \mbox command but shrinks its argument appropriately when used within a
subscript or superscript. \llap (left overlap) and its counterpart, \rlap (right overlap), appear
frequently when creating composite characters. \llap outputs its argument to the left of the current
position, overlapping whatever text is already there. Similarly, \rlap overlaps whatever text would
normally appear to the right of its argument. For example, A\llap{B} and \rlap{A}B each produce
AB. However, the result of the former is the width of A, and the result of the latter is the width of
B\llap{. . . } and \rlap{. . . } take up zero space.
In a June 2002 post to comp.text.tex, Donald Arseneau presented a general macro for aligning an
arbitrary number of symbols on their horizontal centers and vertical baselines:

\makeatletter
\def\moverlay{\mathpalette\mov@rlay}
\def\mov@rlay#1#2{\leavevmode\vtop{%
\baselineskip\z@skip \lineskiplimit-\maxdimen
\ialign{\hfil$#1##$\hfil\cr#2\crcr}}}
\makeatother

The \makeatletter and \makeatother commands are needed to coerce LATEX into accepting @ as
part of a macro name. \moverlay takes a list of symbols separated by \cr (TEXs equivalent of LATEXs
\\). For example, the \topbot command defined on the previous page could have been expressed as
\moverlay{\top\cr\bot} and the \neswarrow command defined above could have been expressed as
\moverlay{\nearrow\cr\swarrow}.
The basic concept behind \moverlays implementation is that \moverlay typesets the given symbols
in a table that utilizes a zero \baselineskip. This causes every row to be typeset at the same vertical
position. See The TEXbook [Knu86a] for explanations of the TEX primitives used by \moverlay.

Modifying LATEX-generated symbols

Oftentimes, symbols composed in the LATEX 2 source code can be modified with minimal effort to
produce useful variations. For example, fontdef.dtx composes the \ddots symbol (see Table 269 on
page 110) out of three periods, raised 7 pt., 4 pt., and 1 pt., respectively:

\def\ddots{\mathinner{\mkern1mu\raise7\p@
\vbox{\kern7\p@\hbox{.}}\mkern2mu
\raise4\p@\hbox{.}\mkern2mu\raise\p@\hbox{.}\mkern1mu}}

\p@ is a LATEX 2 shortcut for pt or 1.0pt. The remaining commands are defined in The
TEXbook [Knu86a]. To draw a version of \ddots with the dots going along the opposite diagonal,
we merely have to reorder the \raise7\p@, \raise4\p@, and \raise\p@:

\makeatletter
\def\revddots{\mathinner{\mkern1mu\raise\p@
\vbox{\kern7\p@\hbox{.}}\mkern2mu
\raise4\p@\hbox{.}\mkern2mu\raise7\p@\hbox{.}\mkern1mu}}
\makeatother

\revddots is essentially identical to the mathdots packages \iddots command or the yhmath packages
\adots command.
9 Note that if your goal is to typeset commutative diagrams or pushout/pullback diagrams, then you should probably

be using XY-pic.

218
Producing complex accents
Accents are a special case of combining existing symbols to make new symbols. While various tables in
this document show how to add an accent to an existing symbol, some applications, such as translit-
erations from non-Latin alphabets, require multiple accents per character. For instance, the creator of
pdfTEX writes his name as Han Th ^e Thanh. The dblaccnt package enables LATEX to stack accents, as
in H\an Th\{\^e} Th\anh (albeit not in the OT1 font encoding). In addition, the wsuipa package
defines \diatop and \diaunder macros for putting one or more diacritics or accents above or below a
given character. For example, \diaunder[{\diatop[\|\=]}|\textsubdot{r}] produces r. See the
wsuipa documentation for more information.
The accents package facilitates the fabrication of accents in math mode. Its \accentset command

enables any character to be used as an accent. For instance, \accentset{\star}{f} produces and

\accentset{e}{X} produces . \underaccent does the same thing, but places the accent beneath
the character. This enables constructs like \underaccent{\tilde}{V}, which produces . accents
provides other accent-related features as well; see the documentation for more information.

Creating extensible symbols

A relatively simple example of creating extensible symbols stems from a comp.text.tex post by Donald
Arseneau (June 2003). The following code defines an equals sign that extends as far to the right as
possible, just like LATEXs \hrulefill command:

\makeatletter
\def\equalsfill{$\m@th\mathord=\mkern-7mu
\cleaders\hbox{$\!\mathord=\!$}\hfill
\mkern-7mu\mathord=$}
\makeatother

TEXs \cleaders and \hfill primitives are the key to understanding \equalsfills extensi-
bility. Essentially, \equalsfill repeats a box containing = plus some negative space un-
til it fills the maximum available horizontal space. \equalsfill is intended to be used
with LATEXs \stackrel command, which stacks one mathematical expression (slightly re-

duced in size) atop another. Hence, \stackrel{a}{\rightarrow} produces and X
definition
\stackrel{\text{definition}}{\hbox{\equalsfill}} Y produces ======= .
If all that needs to extend are horizontal and vertical linesas opposed to repeated symbols such
as the = in the previous exampleLATEXs array or tabular environments may suffice. Consider
the following code (due to a February 1999 comp.text.tex post by Donald Arseneau and subsequent
modifications by Billy Yu and Scott Pakin) for typesetting annuity and life-insurance symbols:

\DeclareRobustCommand{\actuarial}[2][]{%
\def\arraystretch{0}%
\setlength\arraycolsep{0.5pt}%
\setlength\arrayrulewidth{0.5pt}%
\setbox0=\hbox{$\scriptstyle#1#2$}%
\begin{array}[b]{*2{@{}>{\scriptstyle}c}|}
\cline{2-2}%
\rule[1.25pt]{0pt}{\ht0}%
#1 & #2%
\end{array}%
}

Using the preceding definition, one can type, e.g., $a_{\actuarial{n}}$ to produce and
$a_{\actuarial[x:]{n}}$ to produce : . This is similar in concept to how the actuarialangle
package defines its \actuarialangle command (Table 255).
A more complex example of composing accents is the following definition of extensible \overbracket,
\underbracket, \overparenthesis, and \underparenthesis symbols, taken from a May 2002
comp.text.tex post by Donald Arseneau:

\makeatletter
\def\overbracket#1{\mathop{\vbox{\ialign{##\crcr\noalign{\kern3\p@}

219
 \downbracketfill\crcr\noalign{\kern3\p@\nointerlineskip}
$\hfil\displaystyle{#1}\hfil$\crcr}}}\limits}
\def\underbracket#1{\mathop{\vtop{\ialign{##\crcr
$\hfil\displaystyle{#1}\hfil$\crcr\noalign{\kern3\p@\nointerlineskip}
\upbracketfill\crcr\noalign{\kern3\p@}}}}\limits}
\def\overparenthesis#1{\mathop{\vbox{\ialign{##\crcr\noalign{\kern3\p@}
\downparenthfill\crcr\noalign{\kern3\p@\nointerlineskip}
$\hfil\displaystyle{#1}\hfil$\crcr}}}\limits}
\def\underparenthesis#1{\mathop{\vtop{\ialign{##\crcr
$\hfil\displaystyle{#1}\hfil$\crcr\noalign{\kern3\p@\nointerlineskip}
\upparenthfill\crcr\noalign{\kern3\p@}}}}\limits}
\def\downparenthfill{$\m@th\braceld\leaders\vrule\hfill\bracerd$}
\def\upparenthfill{$\m@th\bracelu\leaders\vrule\hfill\braceru$}
\def\upbracketfill{$\m@th\makesm@sh{\llap{\vrule\@height3\p@\@width.7\p@}}%
\leaders\vrule\@height.7\p@\hfill
\makesm@sh{\rlap{\vrule\@height3\p@\@width.7\p@}}$}
\def\downbracketfill{$\m@th
\makesm@sh{\llap{\vrule\@height.7\p@\@depth2.3\p@\@width.7\p@}}%
\leaders\vrule\@height.7\p@\hfill
\makesm@sh{\rlap{\vrule\@height.7\p@\@depth2.3\p@\@width.7\p@}}$}
\makeatother
Table 525 showcases these accents. The TEXbook [Knu86a] or another book on TEX primitives is indis-
pensible for understanding how the preceding code works. The basic idea is that \downparenthfill,
\upparenthfill, \downbracketfill, and \upbracketfill do all of the work; they output a left sym-
bol (e.g., \braceld [] for \downparenthfill), a horizontal rule that stretches as wide as possi-
ble, and a right symbol (e.g., \bracerd [ ] for \downparenthfill). \overbracket, \underbracket,
\overparenthesis, and \underparenthesis merely create a table whose width is determined by the
given text, thereby constraining the width of the horizontal rules.

Table 525: Manually Composed Extensible Accents

\overbracket{abc} \overparenthesis{abc}

\underbracket{abc}
\underparenthesis{abc}

Note that the simplewick package provides mechanisms for typesetting Wick contractions, which
utilize \overbracket- and \underbracket-like brackets of variable width and height (or depth). For ex-
ample, \acontraction{}{A}{B}{C}\acontraction[2ex]{A}{B}{C}{D}\bcontraction{}{A}{BC}{D}
ABCD produces

.
See the simplewick documentation for more information.

Developing new symbols from scratch

Sometimes is it simply not possible to define a new symbol in terms of existing symbols. Fortunately,
most, if not all, TEX distributions are shipped with a tool called METAFONT which is designed specif-
ically for creating fonts to be used with TEX. The METAFONTbook [Knu86b] is the authoritative
text on METAFONT. If you plan to design your own symbols with METAFONT, The METAFONTbook
is essential reading. You may also want to read the freely available METAFONT primer located at
http://metafont.tutorial.free.fr/. The following is an extremely brief tutorial on how to create a
new LATEX symbol using METAFONT. Its primary purpose is to cover the LATEX-specific operations not
mentioned in The METAFONTbook and to demonstrate that symbol-font creation is not necessarily a
difficult task.
Suppose we need a symbol to represent a light bulb (A).10 The first step is to draw this in META-
FONT. It is common to separate the font into two files: a size-dependent file, which specifies the design
10 Im not a very good artist; youll have to pretend that A looks like a light bulb.

220
size and various font-specific parameters that are a function of the design size; and a size-independent
file, which draws characters in the given size. Figure 2 shows the METAFONT code for lightbulb10.mf.
lightbulb10.mf specifies various parameters that produce a 10 pt. light bulb then loads lightbulb.mf.
Ideally, one should produce lightbulbsize.mf files for a variety of sizes. This is called optical
scaling. It enables, for example, the lines that make up the light bulb to retain the same thickness
at different font sizes, which looks much nicer than the alternativeand defaultmechanical scaling.
When a lightbulbsize.mf file does not exist for a given size size, the computer mechanically produces
a wider, taller, thicker symbol:

A
10 pt.
vs. A
20 pt.
vs. A
30 pt.
vs. A
40 pt.
vs. A50 pt.
vs. A A
60 pt.
vs.
70 pt.

font identifier := "LightBulb10"; % Name the font.

font size 10pt#; % Specify the design size.
em# := 10pt#; % M width is 10 points.
cap# := 7pt#; % Capital letter height is 7 points above the baseline.
sb# := 1/4pt#; % Leave this much space on the side of each character.
# := 1/16pt#; % Amount that curves overshoot borders.
input lightbulb % Load the file that draws the actual glyph.

Figure 2: Sample METAFONT size-specific file (lightbulb10.mf)

lightbulb.mf, shown in Figure 3, draws a light bulb using the parameters defined in
lightbulb10.mf. Note that the the filenames lightbulb10.mf and lightbulb.mf do not follow
the Berry font-naming scheme [Ber01]; the Berry font-naming scheme is largely irrelevant for symbol
fonts, which generally lack bold, italic, small-caps, slanted, and other such variants.
The code in Figures Figure 2 and Figure 3 is heavily commented and should demonstrate some of the
basic concepts behind METAFONT usage: declaring variables, defining points, drawing lines and curves,
and preparing to debug or fine-tune the output. Again, The METAFONTbook [Knu86b] is the definitive
reference on METAFONT programming.
METAFONT can produce proofs of fontslarge, labeled versions that showcase the logical struc-
ture of each character. In fact, proof mode is METAFONTs default mode. To produce a proof of
lightbulb10.mf, issue the following commands at the operating-system prompt:

prompt > mf lightbulb10.mf Produces lightbulb10.2602gf

prompt > gftodvi lightbulb10.2602gf Produces lightbulb10.dvi

You can then view lightbulb10.dvi with any DVI viewer. The result is shown in Figure 4. Observe
how the grid defined with makegrid at the bottom of Figure 3 draws vertical lines at positions 0, sb,
/2, and sb and horizontal lines at positions 0, 1pt, 2 , and . Similarly, observe how the penlabels
command labels all of the important coordinates: 1 , 2 , . . . , 8 and 67 , which lightbulb.mf defines to
lie between 6 and 7 .
Most, if not all, TEX distributions include a Plain TEX file called testfont.tex that is useful for
testing new fonts in a variety of ways. One useful routine produces a table of all of the characters in the
font:

prompt > tex testfont

This is TeX, Version 3.14159 (Web2C 7.3.1)
(/usr/share/texmf/tex/plain/base/testfont.tex
Name of the font to test = lightbulb10
Now type a test command (\help for help):)
*table

*bye

221
mode setup; % Target a given printer.
define pixels(em, cap, sb); % Convert to device-specific units.
define corrected pixels(); % Same, but add a device-specific fudge factor.
%% Define a light bulb at the character position for A
%% with width 1/2em#, height cap#, and depth 1pt#.
beginchar("A", 1/2em#, cap#, 1pt#); "A light bulb";
pickup pencircle scaled 1/2pt; % Use a pen with a small, circular tip.
%% Define the points we need.
top 1 = (/2, + ); % 1 is at the top of a circle.
rt 2 = ( + sb + 4 , 4 ); % 2 is at the same height as 4 but the opposite side.
bot 3 = (1 (0, sb )); % 3 is at the bottom of the circle.
lft 4 = (sb , 1/2[1 , 3 ]); % 4 is on the left of the circle.
path bulb; % Define a path for the bulb itself.
bulb = 1 . . 2 . . 3 . . 4 . . cycle; % The bulb is a closed path.
5 = point 2 1/3 of bulb; % 5 lies on the bulb, a little to the right of 3 .
6 = (5 , 0); % 6 is at the bottom, directly under 5 .
7 = (8 , 0); % 7 is at the bottom, directly under 8 .
8 = point 2 + 1/3 of bulb; % 8 lies on the bulb, a little to the left of 3 .
bot 67 = ( 1/2[6 , 7 ], pen bot 1/8pt); % 67 lies halfway between 6 and 7 but a jot
lower.
%% Draw the bulb and the base.
draw bulb; % Draw the bulb proper.
draw 5 - - 6 . . 67 . . 7 - - 8 ; % Draw the base of the bulb.
%% Display key positions and points to help us debug.
makegrid(0, sb, /2, sb)(0, 1pt, 2 , ); % Label interesting and coordinates.
penlabels(1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 67, 7, 8); % Label control points for debugging.
endchar;
end

Figure 3: Sample METAFONT size-independent file (lightbulb.mf)

4 2

8 5
3

7 67 6

Figure 4: Proof diagram of lightbulb10.mf

222
 [1]
Output written on testfont.dvi (1 page, 1516 bytes).
Transcript written on testfont.log.

The resulting table, stored in testfont.dvi and illustrated in Figure 5, shows every character in the
font. To understand how to read the table, note that the character code for Athe only character
defined by lightbulb10.mfis 41 in hexadecimal (base 16) and 101 in octal (base 8).

Test of lightbulb10 on March 11, 2003 at 1127

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
10x A
4x
11x
8 9 A B C D E F

Figure 5: Font table produced by testfont.tex

The LightBulb10 font is now usable by TEX. LATEX 2 , however, needs more information before
documents can use the font. First, we create a font-description file that tells LATEX 2 how to map fonts
in a given font family and encoding to a particular font in a particular font size. For symbol fonts,
this mapping is fairly simple. Symbol fonts almost always use the U (Unknown) font encoding
and frequently occur in only one variant: normal weight and non-italicized. The filename for a font-
description file important; it must be of the form encodingfamily.fd, where encoding is the
lowercase version of the encoding name (typically u for symbol fonts) and family is the name of
the font family. For LightBulb10, lets call this bulb. Figure 6 lists the contents of ubulb.fd. The
document LATEX 2 Font Selection [LAT00] describes \DeclareFontFamily and \DeclareFontShape in
detail, but the gist of ubulb.fd is first to declare a U-encoded version of the bulb font family and then to
specify that a LATEX 2 request for a U-encoded version of bulb with a (m)edium font series (as opposed
to, e.g., bold) and a (n)ormal font shape (as opposed to, e.g., italic) should translate into a TEX request
for lightbulb10.tfm mechanically scaled to the current font size.

\DeclareFontFamily{U}{bulb}{}
\DeclareFontShape{U}{bulb}{m}{n}{<-> lightbulb10}{}

Figure 6: LATEX 2 font-description file (ubulb.fd)

The final step is to write a LATEX 2 style file that defines a name for each symbol in the font. Because
we have only one symbol our style file, lightbulb.sty (Figure 7), is rather trivial. Note that instead of
typesetting A we could have had \lightbulb typeset \char65, \char"41, or \char101 (respec-
tively, decimal, hexadecimal, and octal character offsets into the font). For a simple, one-character symbol
font such as LightBulb10 it would be reasonable to merge ubulb.fd into lightbulb.sty instead of main-
taining two separate files. In either case, a document need only include \usepackage{lightbulb} to
make the \lightbulb symbol available.

\newcommand{\lightbulb}{{\usefont{U}{bulb}{m}{n}A}}

Figure 7: LATEX 2 style file (lightbulb.sty)

METAFONT normally produces bitmapped fonts. However, it is also possible, with the help of some
external tools, to produce PostScript Type 1 fonts. These have the advantages of rendering better in
Adobe Acrobat (at least in versions prior to 6.0) and of being more memory-efficient when handled
by a PostScript interpreter. See http://www.tex.ac.uk/cgi-bin/texfaq2html?label=textrace for
pointers to tools that can produce Type 1 fonts from METAFONT.

223
10.4 Math-mode spacing
Terms such as binary operators, relations, and punctuation in Section 3 primarily regard the
surrounding spacing. (See the Short Math Guide for LATEX [Dow00] for a nice exposition on the
subject.) To use a symbol for a different purpose, you can use the TEX commands \mathord,
\mathop, \mathbin, \mathrel, \mathopen, \mathclose, and \mathpunct. For example, if you
want to use \downarrow as a variable (an ordinary symbol) instead of a delimiter, you can write
$3 x + \mathord{\downarrow}$ to get the properly spaced 3+ rather than the awkward-looking
that spaces like the ordinary set-union symbol
3+ . Similarly, to create a dotted-union symbol ()
(\cup) it must be defined with \mathbin, just as \cup is. Contrast $A \dot{\cup} B$ () with
$A \mathbin{\dot{\cup}} B$ ( ). See The TEXbook [Knu86a] for the definitive description
of math-mode spacing.
The purpose of the log-like symbols in Table 181 and Table 182 is to provide the correct amount
of spacing around and within multiletter function names. Table 526 contrasts the output of the log-
like symbols with various, nave alternatives. In addition to spacing, the log-like symbols also handle
subscripts properly. For example, \max_{p \in P} produces max in text, but max as part of

a displayed formula.

Table 526: Spacing Around/Within Log-like Symbols

LATEX expression Output

$r \sin \theta$ sin (best)
$r sin \theta$
$r \mbox{sin} \theta$ sin
$r \mathrm{sin} \theta$ sin

The amsmath package makes it straightforward to define new log-like symbols:

\DeclareMathOperator{\atan}{atan}
\DeclareMathOperator*{\lcm}{lcm}

The difference between \DeclareMathOperator and \DeclareMathOperator* involves the handling of

subscripts. With \DeclareMathOperator*, subscripts are written beneath log-like symbols in display
style and to the right in text style. This is useful for limit operators (e.g., \lim) and functions that
tend to map over a set (e.g., \min). In contrast, \DeclareMathOperator tells TEX that subscripts
should always be displayed to the right of the operator, as is common for functions that take a single
parameter (e.g., \log and \cos). Table 527 contrasts symbols declared with \DeclareMathOperator
and \DeclareMathOperator* in both text style ($. . .$) and display style (\[. . .\]).11

Table 527: Defining new log-like symbols

Declaration function $\newlogsym {p \in P}$ \[ \newlogsym {p \in P} \]

\DeclareMathOperator newlogsym newlogsym
\DeclareMathOperator* newlogsym newlogsym

It is common to use a thin space (\,) between the words of a multiword operators, as in
\DeclareMathOperator*{\argmax}{arg\,max}. \liminf, \limsup, and all of the log-like symbols
shown in Table 182 utilize this spacing convention.

10.5 Bold mathematical symbols

LATEX does not normally use bold symbols when typesetting mathematics. However, bold sym-
bols are occasionally needed, for example when naming vectors. Any of the approaches described at
11 Note that \displaystyle can be used to force display style within $. . .$ and \textstyle can be used to force text style

within \[. . .\].

224
http://www.tex.ac.uk/cgi-bin/texfaq2html?label=boldgreek can be used to produce bold mathe-
matical symbols. Table 528 contrasts the output produced by these various techniques. As the table
illustrates, these techniques exhibit variation in their formatting of Latin letters (upright vs. italic), for-
matting of Greek letters (bold vs. normal), formatting of operators and relations (bold vs. normal), and
spacing.

Table 528: Producing bold mathematical symbols

Package Code Output

none $\alpha + b = \Gamma \div D$ += (no bold)
none $\mathbf{\alpha + b = \Gamma \div D}$ +b=D
none \boldmath$\alpha + b = \Gamma \div D$ +=
amsbsy $\pmb{\alpha + b = \Gamma \div D}$ += (faked bold)
amsbsy $\boldsymbol{\alpha + b = \Gamma \div D}$ +=
bm $\bm{\alpha + b = \Gamma \div D}$ +=
fixmath $\mathbold{\alpha + b = \Gamma \div D}$ +=

10.6 ASCII and Latin 1 quick reference

Table 529 amalgamates data from various other tables in this document into a convenient reference
for LATEX 2 typesetting of ASCII characters, i.e., the characters available on a typical U.S. computer
keyboard. The first two columns list the characters ASCII code in decimal and hexadecimal. The third
column shows what the character looks like. The fourth column lists the LATEX 2 command to typeset
the character as a text character. And the fourth column lists the LATEX 2 command to typeset the
character within a \texttt{. . .} command (or, more generally, when \ttfamily is in effect).

Table 529: LATEX 2 ASCII Table

Dec Hex Char Body text \texttt Dec Hex Char Body text \texttt
33 21 ! ! ! 62 3E > \textgreater >
34 22 " \textquotedbl " 63 3F ? ? ?
35 23 # \# \# 64 40 @ @ @
36 24 $ \$ \$ 65 41 A A A
37 25 % \% \% 66 42 B B B
38 26 & \& \& 67 43 C C C
.. .. .. .. ..
39 27 . . . . .
40 28 ( ( ( 90 5A Z Z Z
41 29 ) ) ) 91 5B [ [ [
42 2A * * * 92 5C \textbackslash \char\\
43 2B + + + 93 5D ] ] ]
44 2C , , , 94 5E ^ \^{} \^{}
45 2D - - - 95 5F \_ \char\_
46 2E . . . 96 60
47 2F / / / 97 61 a a a
48 30 0 0 0 98 62 b b b
49 31 1 1 1 99 63 c c c
.. .. .. .. ..
50 32 2 2 2 . . . . .
.. .. .. .. ..
. . . . . 122 7A z z z
57 39 9 9 9 123 7B { \{ \char\{
58 3A : : : 124 7C | \textbar |
59 3B ; ; ; 125 7D } \} \char\}
60 3C < \textless < 126 7E \~{} \~{}
61 3D = = =

225
 The following are some additional notes about the contents of Table 529:

" is not available in the OT1 font encoding.

Table 529 shows a close quote for character 39 for consistency with the open quote shown for
character 96. A straight quote can be typeset using \textquotesingle (cf. Table 46).
The characters <, >, and | do work as expected in math mode, although they produce,
respectively, , , and in text mode when using the OT1 font encoding.12 The following
are some alternatives for typesetting <, >, and |:

Specify a document font encoding other than OT1 (as described on page 12).
Use the appropriate symbol commands from Table 2 on page 14, viz. \textless,
\textgreater, and \textbar.
Enter the symbols in math mode instead of text mode, i.e., $<$, $>$, and $|$.

Note that for typesetting metavariables many people prefer \textlangle and \textrangle to
\textless and \textgreater; i.e., filename instead of <filename>.
Although / does not require any special treatment, LATEX additionally defines a \slash command
which outputs the same glyph but permits a line break afterwards. That is, increase/decrease
is always typeset as a single entity while increase\slash{}decrease may be typeset with
increase/ on one line and decrease on the next.
\textasciicircum can be used instead of \^{}, and \textasciitilde can be used instead of
\~{}. Note that \textasciitilde and \~{} produce raised, diacritic tildes. Text (i.e., vertically
centered) tildes can be generated with either the math-mode \sim command (shown in Table 88
on page 48), which produces a somewhat wide , or the textcomp packages \texttildelow
(shown in Table 46 on page 27), which produces a vertically centered ~ in most fonts but a
baseline-oriented ~ in Computer Modern, txfonts, pxfonts, and various other fonts originating
from the TEX world. If your goal is to typeset tildes in URLs or Unix filenames, your best bet is
to use the url package, which has a number of nice features such as proper line-breaking of such
names.
The various \char commands within \texttt are necessary only in the OT1 font encoding. In
other encodings (e.g., T1), commands such as \{, \}, \_, and \textbackslash all work properly.
The code page 437 (IBM PC) version of ASCII characters 1 to 31 can be typeset using the ascii
package. See Table 326 on page 126.
To replace and with the more computer-like (and more visibly distinct) ` and ' within
a verbatim environment, use the upquote package. Outside of verbatim, you can use \char18
and \char13 to get the modified quote characters. (The former is actually a grave accent.)

Similar to Table 529, Table 530 on the next page is an amalgamation of data from other tables in
this document. While Table 529 shows how to typeset the 7-bit ASCII character set, Table 530 shows
the Latin 1 (Western European) character set, also known as ISO-8859-1.
The following are some additional notes about the contents of Table 530:

A (tc) after a symbol name means that the textcomp package must be loaded to access that
symbol. A (T1) means that the symbol requires the T1 font encoding. The fontenc package can
change the font encoding document-wide.
Many of the \text. . . accents can also be produced using the accent commands shown in Ta-
ble 18 on page 20 plus an empty argument. For instance, \={} is essentially the same as
\textasciimacron.

The commands in the LATEX 2 columns work both in body text and within a \texttt{. . .}
command (or, more generally, when \ttfamily is in effect).
12 Donald Knuth didnt think such symbols were important outside of mathematics so he omitted them from his text

fonts.

226
 Table 530: LATEX 2 Latin 1 Table

Dec Hex Char LATEX 2 Dec Hex Char LATEX 2

161 A1 ! 209 D1 N \~{N}
162 A2 \textcent (tc) 210 D2 O \{O}
163 A3 $ \pounds 211 D3 O \{O}
164 A4 \textcurrency (tc) 212 D4 O^ \^{O}
165 A5 \textyen (tc) 213 D5 O \~{O}
166 A6 \textbrokenbar (tc)
214 D6 O \"{O}
167 A7 \S
215 D7 \texttimes (tc)
168 A8 \textasciidieresis (tc)
216 D8 \O
169 A9 \textcopyright
217 D9 U \{U}
170 AA \textordfeminine
171 AB \guillemotleft (T1) 218 DA U \{U}
219 DB U^ \^{U}
172 AC \textlnot (tc)
173 AD - \- 220 DC U \"{U}
174 AE \textregistered 221 DD Y \{Y}
175 AF \textasciimacron (tc) 222 DE \TH (T1)
176 B0 \textdegree (tc) 223 DF \ss
177 B1 \textpm (tc) 224 E0 a \{a}
178 B2 \texttwosuperior (tc) 225 E1 a \{a}
179 B3 \textthreesuperior (tc) 226 E2 ^a \^{a}
180 B4 \textasciiacute (tc) 227 E3 a \~{a}
181 B5 \textmu (tc) 228 E4 a \"{a}
182 B6 \P 229 E5 a \aa
183 B7 \textperiodcentered 230 E6 \ae
184 B8 \c{} 231 E7 c \c{c}
185 B9 \textonesuperior (tc) 232 E8 e \{e}
186 BA \textordmasculine 233 E9 e \{e}
187 BB \guillemotright (T1) 234 EA ^e \^{e}
188 BC \textonequarter (tc) 235 EB e \"{e}
189 BD \textonehalf (tc) 236 EC \{}
190 BE \textthreequarters (tc) 237 ED \{}
191 BF ? 238 EE ^ \^{}
192 C0 A \{A} 239 EF \"{}
193 C1 A \{A} 240 F0 \dh (T1)
194 C2 ^
A \^{A} 241 F1 n \~{n}
242 F2 o \{o}
195 C3 A \~{A}
243 F3 o \{o}
196 C4 A \"{A}
244 F4 ^o \^{o}
197 C5 A \AA 245 F5 o \~{o}
198 C6 \AE 246 F6 o \"{o}
199 C7 C \c{C} 247 F7 \textdiv (tc)
200 C8 E \{E} 248 F8 \o
201 C9 E \{E} 249 F9 u \{u}
202 CA ^
E \^{E} 250 FA u \{u}
203 CB E \"{E} 251 FB u^ \^{u}
204 CC I \{I} 252 FC u \"{u}
205 CD I \{I} 253 FD y \{y}
206 CE ^I \^{I} 254 FE \th (T1)
207 CF I \"{I} 255 FF y \"{y}
208 D0 \DH (T1)

227
 The $ and $ glyphs occupy the same slot (36) of the OT1 font encoding, with $ appearing
in italic fonts and $ appearing in roman fonts. A problem with LATEXs default handling of
this double-mapping is that {\sffamily\slshape\pounds} produces $, not . Other font
encodings use separate slots for the two characters and are therefore robust to the problem of
$/$ conflicts. Authors who use \pounds should select a font encoding other than OT1 (as
explained on page 12) or use the textcomp package, which redefines \pounds to use the TS1 font
encoding.
Character 173, \-, is shown as - but is actually a discretionary hyphen; it appears only at the
end of a line.
Microsoft Windows normally uses a superset of Latin 1 called Code Page 1252 or CP1252
for short. CP1252 introduces symbols in the Latin 1 invalid range (characters 128159). Table 531
presents the characters with which CP1252 augments the standard Latin 1 table.

Table 531: LATEX 2 Code Page 1252 Table

Dec Hex Char LATEX 2 Dec Hex Char LATEX 2

128 80 \texteuro (tc) 145 91
130 82 \quotesinglbase (T1) 146 92
131 83 f \textit{f} 147 93
132 84 \quotedblbase (T1) 148 94
133 85 ... \dots 149 95 \textbullet
134 86 \dag 150 96 --
135 87 \ddag 151 97 ---
136 88 ^ \textasciicircum 152 98 \textasciitilde
137 89 \textperthousand (tc) 153 99 \texttrademark
138 8A S \v{S} 154 9A s \v{s}
139 8B \guilsinglleft (T1) 155 9B \guilsinglright (T1)
140 8C \OE 156 9C \oe
142 8E Z \v{Z} 158 9E z \v{z}
159 9F Y \"{Y}

The following are some additional notes about the contents of Table 531:
As in Table 530, a (tc) after a symbol name means that the textcomp package must be loaded to
access that symbol. A (T1) means that the symbol requires the T1 font encoding. The fontenc
package can change the font encoding document-wide.
Not all characters in the 128159 range are defined.
Look up euro signs in the index for alternatives to \texteuro.
While too large to incorporate into this document, a listing of ISO 8879:1986 SGML/XML character
entities and their LATEX equivalents is available from http://www.bitjungle.com/isoent/. Some of the
characters presented there make use of isoent, a LATEX 2 package (available from the same URL) that
fakes some of the missing ISO glyphs using the LATEX picture environment.13

10.7 Unicode characters

Unicode is a universal character seta standard for encoding (i.e., assigning unique numbers to) the
symbols appearing in many of the worlds languages. While ASCII can represent 128 symbols and Latin 1
can represent 256 symbols, Unicode can represent an astonishing 1,114,112 symbols.
Because TEX and LATEX predate the Unicode standard and Unicode fonts by almost a decade, support
for Unicode has had to be added to the base TEX and LATEX systems. Note first that LATEX distinguishes
between input encodingthe characters used in the .tex fileand output encodingthe characters that
appear in the generated .dvi, .pdf, etc. file.
13 isoent is not featured in this document, because it is not available from CTAN and because the faked symbols are not

true characters; they exist in only one size, regardless of the body texts font size.

228
Inputting Unicode characters
To include Unicode characters in a .tex file, load the ucs package and load the inputenc package with the
utf8x (UTF-8 extended) option.14 These packages enable LATEX to translate UTF-8 sequences to LATEX
commands, which are subsequently processed as normal. For example, the UTF-8 text Copyright
2017 is not an ASCII character and therefore cannot be input directly without packages such as
ucs/inputencis converted internally by inputenc to Copyright \textcopyright{} 2017 and therefore
typeset as Copyright 2017.
The ucs/inputenc combination supports only a tiny subset of Unicodes million-plus sym-
bols. Additional symbols can be added manually using the \DeclareUnicodeCharacter command.
\DeclareUnicodeCharacter takes two arguments: a Unicode number and a LATEX command to exe-
cute when the corresponding Unicode character is encountered in the input. For example, the Uni-
code character degree celsius ( ) appears at character position U+2103.15 However, is
not one of the characters that ucs and inputenc recognize. The following document shows how to use
\DeclareUnicodeCharacter to tell LATEX that the character should be treated as a synonym for
\textcelsius:
\documentclass{article}
\usepackage{ucs}
\usepackage[utf8x]{inputenc}
\usepackage{textcomp}

\DeclareUnicodeCharacter{"2103}{\textcelsius} % Enable direct input of U+2103.

\begin{document}
It was a balmy 21.
\end{document}

which produces
It was a balmy 21.
See the ucs documentation for more information and for descriptions of the various options that
control ucss behavior.

Outputting Unicode characters

Orthogonal to the ability to include Unicode characters in a LATEX input file is the ability to include a
given Unicode character in the corresponding output file. By far the easiest approach is to use XELATEX
instead of pdfLATEX or ordinary LATEX. XELATEX handles Unicode input and output natively and can
utilize system fonts directly without having to expose them via .tfm, .fd, and other such files. To
output a Unicode character, a XELATEX document can either include that character directly as UTF-8
text or use TEXs \char primitive, which XELATEX extends to accept numbers larger than 255.
Suppose we want to output the symbols for versicle ( ) and response ( ) in a document. The
Unicode charts list versicle at position U+2123 and response at position U+211F. We therefore
need to install a font that contains those characters at their proper positions. One such font that
is freely available from CTAN is Junicode (Junicode.ttf) from the junicode package. The fontspec
package makes it easy for a XELATEX document to utilize a system font. The following example defines
a \textjuni command that uses fontspec to typeset its argument in Junicode:
\documentclass{article}
\usepackage{fontspec}

\newcommand{\textjuni}[1]{{\fontspec{Junicode}#1}}

\begin{document}
We use \textjuni{\char"2123} for a versicle
and \textjuni{\char"211F} for a response.
\end{document}
14 UTF-8 is the 8-bit Unicode Transformation Format, a popular mechanism for representing Unicode symbol numbers

as sequences of one to four bytes.

15 The Unicode convention is to express character positions as U+hexadecimal number .

229
which produces

We use for a versicle and for a response.

(Typesetting the entire document in Junicode would be even easier. See the fontspec documentation
for more information regarding font selection.) Note how the preceding example uses \char to specify
a Unicode character by number. The double quotes before the number indicate that the number is
represented in hexadecimal instead of decimal.

10.8 About this document

History David Carlisle wrote the first version of this document in October, 1994. It originally contained
all of the native LATEX symbols (Table 50, Table 72, Table 88, Table 138, Table 181, Table 184, Table 218,
Table 219, Table 232, Table 240, Table 294, and a few tables that have since been reorganized) and was
designed to be nearly identical to the tables in Chapter 3 of Leslie Lamports book [Lam86]. Even the
table captions and the order of the symbols within each table matched! The symbols (Table 51,
Table 89, Table 90, Table 141, Table 142, Table 185, Table 194, Table 212, and Table 295) and an initial
Math Alphabets table (Table 307) were added thereafter. Later, Alexander Holt provided the stmaryrd
tables (Table 52, Table 74, Table 91, Table 144, Table 177, and Table 213).
In January, 2001, Scott Pakin took responsibility for maintaining the symbol list and has since
implemented a complete overhaul of the document. The result, now called, The Comprehensive LATEX
Symbol List, includes the following new features:

the addition of a handful of new math alphabets, dozens of new font tables, and thousands of new
symbols
the categorization of the symbol tables into body-text symbols, mathematical symbols, science and
technology symbols, dingbats, ancient languages, and other symbols, to provide a more user-friendly
document structure
an index, table of contents, hyperlinks, and a frequently-requested symbol list, to help users quickly
locate symbols
symbol tables rewritten to list the symbols in alphabetical order
appendices providing additional information relevant to using symbols in LATEX
tables showing how to typeset all of the characters in the ASCII and Latin 1 font encodings

Furthermore, the internal structure of the document has been completely altered from David Carlisles
original version. Most of the changes are geared towards making the document easier to extend, modify,
and reformat.

Build characteristics Table 532 on the following page lists some of this documents build charac-
teristics. Most important is the list of packages that LATEX couldnt find, but that symbols.tex
otherwise would have been able to take advantage of. Complete, prebuilt versions of this docu-
ment are available from CTAN (http://www.ctan.org/ or one of its many mirror sites) in the direc-
tory tex-archive/info/symbols/comprehensive. Table 533 shows the package date (specified in the
.sty file with \ProvidesPackage) for each package that was used to build this document and that
specifies a package date. Packages are not listed in any particular order in either Table 532 or Table 533.

230
 Table 532: Document Characteristics
Characteristic Value
Source file: symbols.tex
Build date: January 19, 2017
Symbols documented: 14283
Packages included: textcomp latexsym amssymb stmaryrd euscript
wasysym pifont manfnt bbding undertilde ifsym tipa
tipx extraipa wsuipa phonetic ulsy ar metre txfonts
mathabx fclfont skak ascii dingbat skull eurosym esvect
yfonts yhmath esint mathdots trsym universa upgreek
overrightarrow chemarr chemarrow nath trfsigns
mathtools phaistos arcs vietnam t4phonet holtpolt
semtrans dictsym extarrows protosem harmony hieroglf
cclicenses mathdesign arev MnSymbol fdsymbol boisik
cmll extpfeil keystroke fge turnstile simpsons epsdice
feyn staves igo colonequals shuffle fourier dozenal
pmboxdraw pigpen clock teubner linearA linearb
cypriot sarabian china2e harpoon steinmetz milstd
recycle DotArrow ushort hhcount ogonek combelow
musixtex ccicons adfsymbols adforn bigints soyombo
tfrupee knitting textgreek begriff frege abraces
CountriesOfEurope cookingsymbols prodint epiolmec
mdwmath rsfso fontawesome stix hands greenpoint
nkarta astrosym webomints moonphase dancers
semaphor umranda umrandb cryst starfont tikzsymbols
dice apl go magic bartel-chess-fonts actuarialangle
lilyglyphs knot bclogo bullcntr rubikcube svrsymbols
halloweenmath old-arrows allrunes emf esrelation
accents nicefrac bm junicode mathrsfs chancery
urwchancal calligra bbold mbboard dsfont bbm
Packages omitted: none

Table 533: Package versions used in the preparation of this document

Name Date Name Date Name Date

textcomp 2016/06/19 latexsym 1998/08/17 amssymb 2013/01/14
stmaryrd 1994/03/03 euscript 2009/06/22 wasysym 2003/10/30
pifont 2005/04/12 manfnt 1999/07/01 bbding 1999/04/15
undertilde 2000/08/08 ifsym 2000/04/18 tipa 2002/08/08
tipx 2003/01/01 wsuipa 1994/07/16 ar 2012/01/23
metre 2001/12/05 txfonts 2008/01/22 mathabx 2003/07/29
skak 2013/07/18 ascii 2006/05/30 dingbat 2001/04/27
skull 2002/01/23 eurosym 1998/08/06 yfonts 2003/01/08
mathdots 2014/06/11 trsym 2000/06/25 universa 98/08/01
upgreek 2003/02/12 chemarr 2016/05/16 mathtools 2015/11/12
phaistos 2004/04/23 arcs 2004/05/09 t4phonet 2004/06/01
semtrans 1998/02/10 dictsym 2004/07/26 extarrows 2008/05/15
protosem 2005/03/18 harmony 2007/05/04 hieroglf 2015/06/02
cclicenses 2005/05/20 MnSymbol 2007/01/21 fdsymbol 2011/11/01
boisik 2009/08/21 extpfeil 2009/10/31 keystroke 2010/04/23
fge 2015/05/19 turnstile 2007/06/23 epsdice 2007/02/15
feyn 2009/10/08 colonequals 2016/05/16 shuffle 2008/10/27
dozenal 2015/01/29 pmboxdraw 2016/05/16 pigpen 2008/12/07

(continued on next page)

231
 (continued from previous page)

Name Date Name Date Name Date

clock 2001/04/10 teubner 2016/03/31 linearA 2006/03/13
linearb 2005/06/22 cypriot 2009/05/22 sarabian 2005/11/12
china2e 1997/06/01 harpoon 1994/11/02 steinmetz 2009/06/14
milstd 2009/06/25 DotArrow 2007/02/12 ushort 2001/06/13
hhcount 1995/03/31 ogonek 95/07/17 combelow 2010/05/02
musixtex 2001/07/08 ccicons 2013/04/16 adforn 2010/07/25
bigints 2010/02/15 soyombo 1996/09/01 tfrupee 2010/12/15
knitting 2010/08/29 textgreek 2011/10/09 frege 2012/08/04
abraces 2012/08/24 CountriesOfEurope 2012/04/18 cookingsymbols 2014/12/28
epiolmec 2003/11/05 mdwmath 1996/04/11 fontawesome 2016/05/15
stix 2015/04/17 starfont 2010/09/29 tikzsymbols 2016/12/26
bclogo 2016/01/10 bullcntr 2007/04/02 rubikcube 2015/09/25
svrsymbols 2016/04/08 halloweenmath 2017/01/06 emf 2016/09/09
accents 2006/05/12 nicefrac 1998/08/04 bm 2016/07/07
calligra 2012/04/10

10.9 Copyright and license

The Comprehensive LATEX Symbol List
Copyright 2017, Scott Pakin

This work may be distributed and/or modified under the conditions of the LATEX Project Public License,
either version 1.3c of this license or (at your option) any later version. The latest version of this license
is in

http://www.latex-project.org/lppl.txt

and version 1.3c or later is part of all distributions of LATEX version 2006/05/20 or later.

This work has the LPPL maintenance status maintained.

The current maintainer of this work is Scott Pakin.

232
References
[AMS99] American Mathematical Society. Users Guide for the amsmath Package (Version 2.0), De-
cember 13, 1999. Available from ftp://ftp.ams.org/pub/tex/doc/amsmath/amsldoc.pdf.
[Ber01] Karl Berry. Fontname: Filenames for TEX fonts, June 2001. Available from http://
www.ctan.org/tex-archive/info/fontname.

[Che97] Raymond Chen. A METAFONT of Simpsons characters. Baskerville, 4(4):19, September

1997. ISSN 1354-5930. Available from http://tug.ctan.org/usergrps/uktug/baskervi/
4 4/bask4 4.ps.
[Dow00] Michael Downes. Short math guide for LATEX, July 19, 2000. Version 1.07. Available from
http://www.ams.org/tex/short-math-guide.html.

[Gib97] Jeremy Gibbons. Heyit works! TUGboat, 18(2):7578, June 1997. Available from http://
www.tug.org/TUGboat/Articles/tb18-2/tb55works.pdf.
[Gre09] Enrico Gregorio. Appunti di programmazione in LATEX e TEX, second edition, June 2009.
Available from http://profs.sci.univr.it/~gregorio/introtex.pdf.

[Knu86a] Donald E. Knuth. The TEXbook, volume A of Computers and Typesetting. Addison-Wesley,
Reading, MA, USA, 1986.
[Knu86b] Donald E. Knuth. The METAFONTbook, volume C of Computers and Typesetting. Addison-
Wesley, Reading, MA, USA, 1986.
[Lam86] Leslie Lamport. LATEX: A document preparation system. Addison-Wesley, Reading, MA, USA,
1986.
[LAT98] LATEX3 Project Team. A new math accent. LATEX News. Issue 9, June 1998. Available
from http://www.ctan.org/tex-archive/macros/latex/doc/ltnews09.pdf (also included in
many TEX distributions).
[LAT00] LATEX3 Project Team. LATEX 2 font selection, January 30, 2000. Available from http://
www.ctan.org/tex-archive/macros/latex/doc/fntguide.pdf (also included in many TEX
distributions).

233
Index
If youre having trouble locating a symbol, try looking under T for \text. . .. Many text-mode commands
begin with that prefix. Also, accents are shown over/under a gray box (e.g., a for \).
Some symbol entries appear to be listed repeatedly. This happens when multiple packages define identical
(or nearly identical) glyphs with the same symbol name.16

Symbols \= (a) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 \AC (:) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121

\" (a) ......... ...... 20 \={} () . . . . . . . . . . . . . 226 \ac () . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55
\# (#) ........ . . . 14, 225 | () . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99 \acarc . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
RR
\$ ($) ......... 14, 15, 225 RR \acbar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
\$ ($) ......... ...... 15 | ( RR) . . ............. 97 accents . 2025, 102107, 110,
|| 154, 219220
\% (%) ........ . . . 14, 225
| ( ||) . . . . . . . .... . . . . . 100
\& (&) ........ 14, 34, 225 | acute (a) . . . 2024, 102
| (|)| . . . . . . . 48, 96, 98, 101 any character as . . . . 219
\ (a) ......... ...... 20
( (() . . . . . . . .... . . . . . 99
( (() . ......... ...... 96 arc (a) . . 2023, 104106
) ()) . . . . . . . .... . . . . . 99
breve (a) . . . 2024, 102
( (() . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97 / (/) . . . . . . . .... . . . . . 99
caron (a) 20, 24, 102, 106
( [ ([) . . . . . . . .... . . . . . 99
cedilla () . . . . . . . . 20
\_ . . . . . . . . . .... . . . . . 15
( ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100 circumflex (^ a) 2022, 102,
\_ ( ) . . . . . . .... . . 14, 226
104, 105
) ()) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96 \{ ({) . . . . . . .... 14, 15, 96
comma-below (a, ) . . . 24
\{ ({) . . . . . . .... . . . . . 226
Cyrillic breve ( a) . . . 20
) ()) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97 \} (}) . . . . . . .... 14, 15, 96
Cyrillic flex (a) . . . . . 20
) \} (}) . . . . . . .... . . . . . 226
Cyrillic umlaut ( a) . . 20
] (]) . . . . . . . .... . . . . . 99
) ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100 diresis (a) . . 20, 23, 24,
\ (a) . . . . . . .... . . . . . 20
102, 120
* (*) . . . . . . . . . . . . .... 30 \~ (a) . . . . . . .... . . . . . 20
dot (a or . ) . 2022, 102
\, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .... 224 \~{} () . . . . .... . . 14, 226
double acute (a) . . 20, 24
\- (-) . . . . . . . . . . . 227, 228 double grave ( a) . . . . 20
\. (a) . . . . . . . . . . . .... 20 A
extensible 104107, 110,
A (A) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 151
/ (/) . . . . . . . . . . . . .... 96 219220
\A () . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 151
grave (a) . . . 2024, 102
/ (/) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97 a (esvect package option) . 106
hacek . see accents, caron
/ \a () . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 151
\a () . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 176 hook () . . . . . . . . . 20
/( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100 Hungarian umlaut . . see
a (a) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 151
accents, double acute
\: ( ..) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112 \AA (A) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
. inverted breve ( a) . . . 20
\; ( ..) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112 \aa (a) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
krouzek see accents, ring
\AAaleph (A) . . . . . . . . . 142
< () . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97 macron (a) . . . 20, 2325,
\AAayin (O) . . . . . . . . . . 142
102, 104, 106
\AAbeth (B)== . . . . . . . . . . 142
multiple per character 21
< ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100 \AAcht ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . 154 22, 219
.. \AAdaleth (D) . . . . . . . . . 142 ogonek ( ) . . . . . . 2024
\? ( ..) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112 \AAhe (E) . . . . . . . . . . . . 142 ring (a) . 2022, 24, 102,
[ ([) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96 \AAhelmet (V) . . . . . . . . 142

103
[ ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97
\AAheth (h) . . . . . . . . . . 142 Romanian comma-belo ac-
[ \AAkaph (K) . . . . . . . . . . 142 cent . . . . . see accents,
\AAlamed (L) . . . . . . . . . 142 comma-below
[( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100
\Aaleph (a) . . . . . . . . . . 142 trema . . . . . see accents,
\\ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 216 \AApe (P) . . . . . . . . . . . . 142 diresis
\AAqoph (Q) . . . . . . . . . . 142 umlaut . . . . see accents,
] (]) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96
\AAresh (R) . . . . . . . . . . 142 diresis
] ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97 \AAsade (X) . . . . . . . . . . 142 accents (package) . . . 102, 219,
] \Aayin (o) . . . . . . . . . . . 142 231, 232
]( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100 \AAyod (Y) . . . . . . . . . . . 142 \accentset . . . . . . . . . . . 219
\AB (|) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125 accidentals see musical symbols
\^ (^
a) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 \Abeth (b) . . . . . . . . . . . 142 accordion notation . . . . . . 157
\^{} (^) . . . . . . . . . . 14, 226 abraces (package) 107, 231, 232
\| () . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96 absolute value see \lvert and \accordionBayanBass ( ) 157
\| () . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96, 98 \rvert \accordionDiscant ( ) . 157
\| (a
) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 abzuglich see \textdiscount \accordionFreeBass ( ) 157
16 This occurs frequently between amssymb and mathabx, for example.

234
\accordionOldEE ( ) . . . 157 \adfarrowne4 (j) . .. . . . 130 \adfbullet{20} (T) . . . . . 135
\accordionPull ( ) . . . . . 157 \adfarrowne5 (r) . .. . . . 130 \adfbullet{21} (U) . . . . . 135
\accordionPush ( ) . . . . . 157 \adfarrowne6 (z) . .. . . . 130 \adfbullet{22} (V) . . . . 135
\adfarrownw1 (H) . .. . . . 130 \adfbullet{23} (W) . . . . 135
\accordionStdBass ( ) 157 \adfarrownw2 (P) . .. . . . 130 \adfbullet{24} (X) . . . . . 135
\accurrent () . . . . . . . 117 \adfarrownw3 (X) . .. . . . 130 \adfbullet{25} (Y) . . . . . 135
\Acht ( ( )== . . . . . . . . . . . . 154 \adfarrownw4 (h) . .. . . . 130 \adfbullet{26} (Z) . . . . 135
\adfarrownw5 (p) . .. . . . 130 \adfbullet{27} (a) . . . . . 140
\AchtBL ( )== . . . . . . . . . . 154
\adfarrownw6 (x) . .. . . . 130 \adfbullet{28} (b) . . . . . 140
\AchtBR ( ) . . . . . . . . . . 154 \adfarrows1 (E) . . .. . . . 130 \adfbullet{29} (c) . . . . . 140
\acidfree () . . . . . . . . 114 \adfarrows2 (M) . . .. . . . 130 \adfbullet{30} (d) . . . . . 140
\ACK () . . . . . . . . . . . . . 126 \adfarrows3 (U) . . .. . . . 130 \adfbullet{31} (e) . . . . . 140
\acontraction . . . . . . . . 220 \adfarrows4 (e) . . .. . . . 130 \adfbullet{32} (f) . . . . . 140
\AcPa (? ) . . . . . . . . . . . . 154 \adfarrows5 (m) . . .. . . . 130 \adfbullet{33} (g) . . . . . 140
\actuarial ( ) . . . . . . . . 219 \adfarrows6 (u) . . .. . . . 130 \adfbullet{34} (h) . . . . . 140
actuarial symbols . . 107, 219 \adfarrowse1 (D) . .. . . . 130 \adfbullet{41} (o) . . . . . 140
actuarialangle (package) . 107, \adfarrowse2 (L) . .. . . . 130 \adfbullet{42} (p) . . . . . 140
219, 231 \adfarrowse3 (T) . .. . . . 130 \adfbullet{43} (q) . . . . . 140
\actuarialangle . . . . . . 219 \adfarrowse4 (d) . .. . . . 130 \adfbullet{44} (r) . . . . . 140
\actuarialangle ( ) . . . 107 \adfarrowse5 (l) . .. . . . 130 \adfbullet{45} (s) . . . . . 140
\acute ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . 103 \adfarrowse6 (t) . .. . . . 130 \adfbullet{46} (t) . . . . . 140
\acute () . . . . . . . . . . . 102 \adfarrowsw1 (F) . .. . . . 130 \adfbullet{47} (u) . . . . . 140
acute (a) . . . . . . . see accents \adfarrowsw2 (N) . .. . . . 130 \adfbullet{48} (v) . . . . . 140
\acutus (a) . . . . . . . . . . . 23 \adfarrowsw3 (V) . .. . . . 130 \adfbullet{49} (w) . . . . . 140
\acwcirclearrow () . . . 82 \adfarrowsw4 (f) . .. . . . 130 \adfbullet{50} (x) . . . . . 140
\acwcirclearrowdown () 76 \adfarrowsw5 (n) . .. . . . 130 \adfbullet{51} (y) . . . . . 140
\acwcirclearrowleft () 76 \adfarrowsw6 (v) . .. . . . 130 \adfbullet{52} (z) . . . . . 140
\acwcirclearrowright () 76 \adfarroww1 (G) . . .. . . . 130 \adfclosedflourishleft (C)
\acwcirclearrowup () . 76 \adfarroww2 (O) . . .. . . . 130 . . . . . . . 141
\acwgapcirclearrow () 77 \adfarroww3 (W) . .. . . . 130 \adfclosedflourishright
\acwgapcirclearrow () 82 \adfarroww4 (g) . . .. . . . 130 (c) . . . . . . . . . . 141
\acwleftarcarrow () . . . 76 \adfarroww5 (o) . . .. . . . 130 \adfdiamond (=) . . . . . . . 141
\acwleftarcarrow () . . . 82 \adfarroww6 (w) . . .. . . . 130 \adfdoubleflourishleft (D)
\acwnearcarrow () . . . . 76 \adfast{1} (0) . . . .. . . . 135 . . . . . . . 141
\acwnwarcarrow () . . . . 76 \adfast{2} (1) . . . .. . . . 135 \adfdoubleflourishright
\acwopencirclearrow () 77 \adfast{3} (2) . . . .. . . . 135 (d) . . . . . . . . . . 141
\acwopencirclearrow () 83, \adfast{4} (3) . . . .. . . . 135 \adfdoublesharpflourishleft
137 \adfast{5} (4) . . . .. . . . 135 (I) . . . . . . . . . . . 141
\acwoverarcarrow () . . 76 \adfast{6} (5) . . . .. . . . 135 \adfdoublesharpflourishright
\acwoverarcarrow () . . 82 \adfast{7} (6) . . . .. . . . 135 (i) . . . . . . . . . . . 141
\acwrightarcarrow () . . 76 \adfast{8} (7) . . . .. . . . 135 \adfdownhalfleafleft (r) 136
\acwsearcarrow () . . . . 76 \adfast{9} (8) . . . .. . . . 135 \adfdownhalfleafright (R) . .
\acwswarcarrow () . . . . 76 \adfast{10} (9) . . .. . . . 135 . . . . . . . 136
\acwunderarcarrow () . 76 \adfbullet () . . . .. . . . 141 \adfdownleafleft (x) . . 136
\acwunderarcarrow () . 82 \adfbullet{1} (A) . .. . . . 135 \adfdownleafright (X) . 136
\Adaleth (d) . . . . . . . . . 142 \adfbullet{2} (B) .. . . . 135 \adfflatdownhalfleafleft
adeles (A) see alphabets, math \adfbullet{3} (C) .. . . . 135 (l) . . . . . . . . . . . 136
\adfarrow . . . . . . . . . . . . 130 \adfbullet{4} (D) . .. . . . 133 \adfflatdownhalfleafright
\adfarrowe1 (C) . . . . . . . 130 \adfbullet{5} (E) . .. . . . 133 (L) . . . . . . . . . . . 136
\adfarrowe2 (K) . . . . . . . 130 \adfbullet{6} (F) . .. . . . 133 \adfflatdownoutlineleafleft
\adfarrowe3 (S) . . . . . . 130 \adfbullet{7} (G) . .. . . . 133 (m) . . . . . . . . . . . . 136
\adfarrowe4 (c) . . . . . . . 130 \adfbullet{8} (H) .. . . . 133 \adfflatdownoutlineleafright
\adfarrowe5 (k) . . . . . . . 130 \adfbullet{9} (I) . .. . . . 133 (M) . . . . . . . . . . . . 136
\adfarrowe6 (s) . . . . . . . 130 \adfbullet{10} (J) .. . . . 133 \adfflatleafleft (u) . . 136
\adfarrown1 (I) . . . . . . . 130 \adfbullet{11} (K) .. . . . 135 \adfflatleafoutlineleft
\adfarrown2 (Q) . . . . . . . 130 \adfbullet{12} (L) .. . . . 135 (n) . . . . . . . . . . . 136
\adfarrown3 (Y) . . . . . . . 130 \adfbullet{13} (M) .. . . . 135 \adfflatleafoutlineright
\adfarrown4 (i) . . . . . . . 130 \adfbullet{14} (N) . . . . 135 (N) . . . . . . . . . . . 136
\adfarrown5 (q) . . . . . . . 130 \adfbullet{15} (O) .. . . . 135 \adfflatleafright (U) . 136
\adfarrown6 (y) . . . . . . . 130 \adfbullet{16} (P) . . . . 135 \adfflatleafsolidleft (v)
\adfarrowne1 (J) . . . . . . 130 \adfbullet{17} (Q) . . . . 135 . . . . . . . 136
\adfarrowne2 (R) . . . . . . 130 \adfbullet{18} (R) . . . . 135 \adfflatleafsolidright (V)
\adfarrowne3 (Z) . . . . . . 130 \adfbullet{19} (S) . . . . 135 . . . . . . . 136

235
\adfflourishleft (E) . . 141
\adfflourishleftdouble
(F) . . . . . . . . . . 141
\adfflourishright (e) . 141
\adfflourishrightdouble
(f) . . . . . . . . . . 141
\adfflowerleft (q) . . . 136
\adfflowerright (Q) . . 136
\adfgee () . . . . . . . . . . . 141
\adfhalfarrowleft (B) . . 130
\adfhalfarrowleftsolid (b)
. . . . . . . 130
\adfhalfarrowright (A) . 130
\adfhalfarrowrightsolid (a)
. . . . . . . 130
\adfhalfleafleft (<) . . 136
\adfhalfleafright (>) . . 136
\adfhalfleftarrow ({) . . 131
\adfhalfleftarrowhead (() . .
. . . . . . . 131
\adfhalfrightarrow (}) . 131
\adfhalfrightarrowhead ()) .
. . . . . . . 131
\adfhangingflatleafleft (s)
. . . . . . . 136
\adfhangingflatleafright
(S) . . . . . . . . . . . 136
\adfhangingleafleft (T) 136
\adfhangingleafright (t) 136
\adfleafleft (w) . . . . . . 136
\adfleafright (W) . . . . . 136
\adfleftarrowhead ([) . . 131
\adfopenflourishleft (B) .
. . . . . . . 141
\adfopenflourishright (b)
. . . . . . . 141
\adfsquare (|) . . . . . . . . 141
adfsymbols (package) 130, 133,
135, 140, 231
\adftripleflourishleft
(K) . . . . . . . . . . 141
\adftripleflourishright
(k) . . . . . . . . . 141
\adfwavesleft (A) . . . . 141
\adfwavesright (a) . . . 141
adjoint () . . . . . . . . see \dag
\Admetos () . . . . . . . . . . 124
Adobe Acrobat . . . . . . . . 223
.
\adots ( . . ) . . . . . . 112, 218
\adots () . . . . . . . . . . . 111
\adots () . . . . . . . . . . . 112
\adsorbate () . . . . . . . . 128
\adsorbent () . . . . . . . . 128
advancing see \textadvancing
\AE () . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
\ae () . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
\aeolicbii () . . . . . . . . 177
\aeolicbiii () . . . . . . 177
\aeolicbiv () . . . . . . 177
\agemO (0) . . . . . . . . . . . 115
\Agimel (g) . . . . . . . . . . 142
\Ahe (e) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 142
\Ahelmet (v) . . . . . . . . . 142
\Aheth (H) . . . . . . . . . . . 142
\ain (s) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
\Air () . . . . . . . . . . . . 124
\Akaph (k) . . . . . . . . . . . 142
\Alad (}) . . . . . . . . . . . . 102
\alad (}) . . . . . . . . . . . . 102
\Alamed (l) . . . . . . . . . . 142
\Alas ({) . . . . . . . . . . . . 102
proto-Semitic . . . . . . 142
South Arabian . . . . . 148
Vietnamese . . . . . . . 16
\alphaup () . . . . . . . . . . 91
alpine symbols . . . . . . . . . 171
\Alt ( Alt ) . . . . . . . . . . 125
alternative denial see \uparrow
and |
\AltGr ( AltGr ) . . . . . . . 125
\altoclef ( K ) . . . . . . . 153
\AM () . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125
\amalg () . . . . . . . . . . . 29
\amalg () . . . . . . . . . . . 31
\amalg () . . . . . . . . . . . 30
\amalg () . . . . . . . . . . . 33
\Amem (m) . . . . . . . . . . . . 142
\Amor (+) . . . . . . . . . . . . 124
ampersand . . . . . . . . . see \&
(package) 12, 15, 29, 39,
48, 49, 60, 62, 67, 70, 85,
89, 90, 92, 93, 95, 96, 102,
104, 107, 111, 114, 115,
120, 211, 212, 230
amsbsy (package) . . . . . . . 225
amsfonts (package) . . 115, 119
amsmath (package) 12, 89, 102,
215, 224
amssymb (package) . 12, 102,
115, 119, 148, 231
amstext (package) . . 216, 218
\Anaclasis () . . . . . . . . 176
\anaclasis () . . . . . . . . 176
\anceps () . . . . . . . . . . . 177
\ancepsdbrevis () . . . . . 177
\anchor () . . . . . . . . . . 183

O
adforn (package) 131, 135, 136, \alas ({) . . . . . . . . . . . . 102
141, 231, 232 \Albania () . . . . . . . . . . 181 \anchor ( ) . . . . . . . . . 141
\adfoutlineleafleft (o) 136 \aldine (o) . . . . . . . . . . 136 ancient-language symbols 142
\adfoutlineleafright (O) . . \aldineleft (m) . . . . . . . 136 151
. . . . . . . 136 \aldineright (n) . . . . . . 136 and . . . . . . . . . . . see \wedge
\adfrightarrowhead (]) . 131 \aldinesmall (j) . . . . . . 136 AND gates . . . . . . . . . . . 126
\adfS () . . . . . . . . . . . . 141 \aleph () . . . . . . . . 92, 115
\adfsharpflourishleft (H) . \aleph () . . . . . . . . . . . 92
. . . . . . . 141 \aleph () . . . . . . . . . . . 92 \ANDd () . . . . . . . . . 126
\adfsharpflourishright (h) \aleph () . . . . . . . . . . . 93
\Alif () . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
\ANDl () . . . . . . . . 126
. . . . . . . 141
\adfsickleflourishleft (J)
\Andorra () . . . . . . . . . . 181
. . . . . . . 141 R
\allabreve ( ) . . . . . . . 153
\adfsickleflourishright allrunes (package) . . 151, 231
(j) . . . . . . . . . . 141 \Alpha (A) . . . . . . . . . . . 90 \ANDr (
) . . . . . . . . 126
\adfsingleflourishleft (G) \alpha () . . . . . . . . . . . 90
. . . . . . . 141 alphabets . . . . . . . . . . . . 119
\adfsingleflourishright African . . . . . . . . . . 16 \ANDu () . . . . . . . . . 126
(g) . . . . . . . . . . 141 Cypriot . . . . . . . . . . 147 \angdnr () . . . . . . . . . . 115
\adfsmallhangingleafleft Cyrillic . . . . . . . . . . 214 \angl ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . 107
(z) . . . . . . . . . . . . 136 Greek 15, 90, 91, 120, 148 \angle () . . . . . . . . . . . 114
\adfsmallhangingleafright Hebrew . . . . 92, 93, 120 \angle ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . 115
(Z) . . . . . . . . . . . . 136 hieroglyphic . . . . . . . 143 \angle () . . . . . . . . . . . 114
\adfsmallleafleft (y) . 136 Linear A . . . . . . . . . 143 \angle () . . . . . . . . . . . 114
\adfsmallleafright (Y) . 136 Linear B . . . . . . . . . 146 \angle () . . . . . . . . . . . 114
\adfsolidleafleft (p) . . 136 math . . . . . . . . . . . . 119 \angle () . . . . . . . . . . . 115
\adfsolidleafright (P) . 136 phonetic . . . . . . . 1720 angle notation . . . . . . . . . 122

236
angles . . . . 113116, 118, 124
\angles () . . . . . . . . . . 115
\AngleSign (W) . . . . . . . . 113
\angleubar () . . . . . . . . 115
\angln ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . 107
Anglo-Frisian runes . . . . . 151
\anglr ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . 107
\Angstrom () . . . . . . . . . 94
Angstrom unit
math mode see \mathring
text mode . . . . . see \AA
\Angud () . . . . . . . . . . . . 102
\angud () . . . . . . . . . . . . 102
angular minutes . . see \prime
angular seconds . see \second
\Angus () . . . . . . . . . . . . 102
\angus () . . . . . . . . . . . . 102
animals . . . . . . . 142, 143, 147
\Ankh () . . . . . . . . . . . . 170
\Annoey ( ) . . . . . . . . . . 184
\annuity () . . . . . . . . . . 103
annuity symbols . . . 107, 219
\Antidiple (<) . . . . . . . . 176
\antidiple (<) . . . . . . . . 176
\Antidiple* (< ) . . . . . . . 176
\antidiple* (< ) . . . . . . . 176
\antilabe (.. .. ) . . . . . . . . 112
\antimuon () . . . . . . . . 128
\antineutrino () . . . . . . 128
\antineutron () . . . . . . 128
\antiproton () . . . . . . . 128
\antiquark () . . . . . . . . 128
\antiquarkb () . . . . . . . 128
\antiquarkc () . . . . . . . 128
\antiquarkd () . . . . . . . 128
\antiquarks () . . . . . . . 128
\antiquarkt () . . . . . . . 128
\antiquarku () . . . . . . . 128
\Antisigma () . . . . . . . . 176
\antisigma () . . . . . . . . 176
\Anun (n) . . . . . . . . . . . . 142
\anyon () . . . . . . . . . . . 128
\aoverbrace ( ) . . . . . 107
\Ape (p) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 142
APL
symbols . . . . . . . . 5657
apl (package) . . . . . . 125, 231
APL symbols . . . . . 124, 125
\APLbox (~) . . . . . . . . . . 124
\APLboxquestion () . . . 124
\APLboxupcaret () . . . . 124
\APLcirc () . . . . . . . . . . 124
\APLcomment () . . . . . . . 124
\APLdown (F) . . . . . . . . . 124
\APLdownarrowbox (o) . . 124
\APLinput (}) . . . . . . . . 124
\APLinv (~) . . . . . . . . . . 124
\APLleftarrowbox (p) . . 124
\APLlog () . . . . . . . . . . 124
\APLminus () . . . . . . . . 124
\APLnot () . . . . . . . . . . . 124
\APLnotbackslash () . . . 124
\APLnotslash () . . . . . . 124
\APLrightarrowbox (q) . . 124
\APLstar (E) . . . . . . . . . 124
\APLup ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . 124
\APLuparrowbox (n) . . . . 124
\APLvert ( | ) . . . . . . . . . . 124
\Apollon () . . . . . . . . . 124
apostropha . . . . see musixgre
\apprge (?) . . . . . . . . . . 63
\apprle (>) . . . . . . . . . . 63
\approx () . . . . . . . . . . 48
\approx () . . . . . . . . . . 53
\approx () . . . . . . . . . . . 50
\approx () . . . . . . . . . . 56
\approxcolon (:) . . . . . 59
\approxcoloncolon (::) . 59
\approxeq (u) . . . . . . . . 48
\approxeq () . . . . . . . . 55
\approxeq () . . . . . . . . . 53
\approxeq () . . . . . . . . . 50
\approxeq () . . . . . . . . . 56
\approxeqq () . . . . . . . . 56
\approxident () . . . . . . 53
\approxident () . . . . . . 56
\Aqoph (q) . . . . . . . . . . . 142
\Aquarius () . . . . . . . . 122
\Aquarius (N) . . . . . . . . 124
\aquarius (e) . . . . . . . . 122
\AR (A) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121
ar (package) . . . . . . 121, 231
\arafamily . . . . . . . . . . . 151
arc (
a) . . . . . . . . see accents
\arccos (arccos) . . . . . . . 89
\arceq () . . . . . . . . . . . 55
\arceq () . . . . . . . . . 53, 88
\arceq () . . . . . . . . . . . 56
\arcfamily . . . . . . . . . . . 151
arcminutes . . . . . see \prime
arcs (package) . . . . . . 23, 231
arcseconds . . . . . see \second
\arcsin (arcsin) . . . . . . . 89
\arctan (arctan) . . . . . . . 89
\Aresh (r) . . . . . . . . . . . 142
arev (package) . 131134, 141,
152, 183, 231
\arg (arg) . . . . . . . . . . . . 89
\Aries (P) . . . . . . . . . . . 123
\Aries () . . . . . . . . . . . 122
\Aries (x) . . . . . . . . . . . 124
\Aries () . . . . . . . . . . . 122
\aries () . . . . . . . . . . . 122
\arlfamily . . . . . . . . . . . 151
\armfamily . . . . . . . . . . . 151
\arnfamily . . . . . . . . . . . 151
y
\ArrowBoldDownRight ( ) 130
\ArrowBoldRightCircled ( ) { \asteriscus (
. . . . . . . 130
\ArrowBoldRightShort ( ) 130 z
\ArrowBoldRightStrobe ( ) . w \asterisk () . . . . . . . . . 30
. . . . . . . 130
x \AsteriskCenterOpen ( ) 135
\ArrowBoldUpRight ( ) . 130
\arrowbullet () . . . . . . 131
\Arrownot (Y) . . . . . . . . . . 88
237
\arrownot (X) . . . . . . . . . . 88
\ArrowOver (P) . . . . . . . . . 25
\arrowOver (p) . . . . . . . . . 25
arrows . . . . . . . . . . . 7072,
76, 8085, 104109, 124,
125, 130, 131, 142, 147,
170, 181, 186189, 191
192, 207208, 214
diagonal, for reducing
subexpressions . . . 104
dotted . . . . . . . . . . . 109
double-headed, diagonal .
. . . . . . . 218
extensible . . . . 104109
fletched . . . . . . . 85, 130
negated . . 70, 71, 73, 77
arrows (boisik package option) .
. . . . . . . . 81
\Arrowvert () . . . . . . . . 96
X
X
X
X
\Arrowvert ( X X) . . . . . . . 97
\Arrowvert ( ) . . . . . . . 99
\arrowvert ( ) . . . . . . . . 96
RR
RR
\arrowvert ( RR) . . . . . . . . 97
\arrowvert (
) . . . . . . . 99
Arseneau, Donald . . 216219
\artfamily . . . . . . . . . . . 151
articulations . . . . see musical
symbols
\Asade (x) . . . . . . . . . . . 142
\Asamekh (s) . . . . . . . . . 142
\ASC (1) . . . . . . . . . . . . 124
ASCII . . 12, 15, 126, 202, 211,
225226, 228230
table . . . . . . . . . . . . 225
ascii (package) . . 126, 226, 231
\ascnode () . . . . . . . . . 122
\Ashin (S) . . . . . . . . . . . 142
aspect ratio . . . . . . . . . . . 121
\Assert () . . . . . . . . . . 53
\assert () . . . . . . . . . . 53
\assert () . . . . . . . . . . . 56
\assumption () . . . . . . 128
\ast () . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
\ast (*) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
\ast ({) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
\ast () . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
\ast () . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
\ast () . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
\asteq () . . . . . . . . . . . 56
\asteraccent ( ) . . . . . . 103
\Asteriscus ( ) . . . . . . . 176
) . . . . . . . 176
\Asterisk () . . . . . . . . 30
N
\Asterisk ( ) . . . . . . . . 135
A
\AsteriskBold ( ) . . . . . 135
B
X
\AsteriskRoundedEnds ( ) . .
. . . . . . . 135
asterisks . . . . . . . . . . 30, 135 \backapproxeq () . . . .. 50 \bard () . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
C
\AsteriskThin ( ) . . . . . 135 \Backblech ( ) . . . . . .. 184 \bardownharpoonleft () 84
\AsteriskThinCenterOpen ( ) D \backcong () . . .
\backcong () . . .
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
..
..
53
50
\bardownharpoonright () 84
\bari (') . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
. . . . . . . 135
\asterism (** \backcong () . . . . . . . .. 56 \barin (V) . . . . . . . . . . . 93
* ) . . . . . . . . 215
asteroids . . . . . . . . . . . . . 124 \backdprime () . . . . . .. 114 \barj (j) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
\backepsilon () . . . . .. 48 \barl (.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
astrological symbols . 122124,
193195 \backepsilon (~) . . . . . .. 117 \barlambda (
) . . . . . . . . 19
astronomical symbols 122124, \backepsilon () . . . . .. 92 \barleftarrow () . . . . . 80
179, 193195 \backeqsim () . . . . . . .. 50 \barleftarrow () . . . . . 82
\astrosun () . . . . . . . . 123 \backneg () . . . . . . . .. 116 \barleftarrowrightarrowbar
\astrosun () . . . . . . . . 122 \backneg () . . . . . . . . .. 116 () . . . . . . . . . . . . 80
astrosym (package) . . 193, 231 \backprime (8) . . . . . . .. 115 \barleftarrowrightarrowbar
\backprime () . . . . . . .. 117 () . . . . . . . . . . . . 82
asymmetric braces . . . . . . 107
\backprime () . . . . . . .. 116 \barleftharpoon () . . . 72
\asymp () . . . . . . . . . . . 48
\backprime () . . . . . . .. 116 \barleftharpoondown () 84
\asymp () . . . . . . . . . 53, 88
\backprime () . . . . . . .. 114 \barleftharpoonup () . 84
\asymp () . . . . . . . . . . . 87
\backpropto () . . . . .. 53 \baro () . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
\asymp () . . . . . . . . . . . 56
\backsim (v) . . . . . . . .. 48 \baro ( vs. <) . . . . . . . . 212
\atan (atan) . . . . . . . . . . 224
\backsim () . . . . . . . .. 55 \baro () . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
\ataribox (m) . . . . . . . . . 169
\backsim () . . . . . . . . .. 53 \baro (<) . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
\Atav (t) . . . . . . . . . . . . 142
\Ateth (T) . . . . . . . . . . . 142 \backsim () . . . . . . . . .. 50 \BarOver (G) . . . . . . . . . . . 25
\AtForty () . . . . . . . . 170 \backsim () . . . . . . . .. 56 \barOver (g) . . . . . . . . . . . 25
\AtNinetyFive () . . . . 170 \backsimeq (w) . . . . . .. 48 \barovernorthwestarrow (
)
\atom () . . . . . . . . . . . . 128 \backsimeq () . . . . . . .. 55 . . . . . . . . 80
atomic math objects . 89, 224 \backsimeq () . . . . . . .. 53 \barovernorthwestarrow ()
\AtSixty () . . . . . . . . 170 \backsimeq () . . . . . . .. 50 . . . . . . . 137
\aunderbrace ( ) . . . . 107 \backsimeq () . . . . . . .. 56 \barp (A) . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
\backsimneqq () . . . . .. 54 barred letters . . . . . . . . . 215
\Austria () . . . . . . . . . . 181 \backslash () . . . . . 96, 115 \barrightarrowdiamond () .
\autoleftarrow (DGGGGG) . 108 . . . . . . . . 82
\backslash (\) . . . . . . . 98 \barrightharpoon () . . 72
\autoleftrightharpoons \barrightharpoondown () 84
(E
GGGGGC
GG ) ........ 108 \backslash (/) ....... 97 \barrightharpoonup () . 84
\barsci (+) . . . . . . . . . . . 19
\backslash () . . . . . . . . 117 \barscu (X) . . . . . . . . . . 19
\autorightarrow (GGGGGA) 108 \
\autorightleftharpoons \backslash ( ) ....... 99
GGGGGB
(F GG ) ........ 108 \backslashdiv () . . . . . 30 \Bart (  ) . . . . . . . 177
\Autumntree ( ) . . . . . . . 184 \backtriplesim () . . . . . 50 bartel-chess-fonts (package) 209,
\Avav (w) . . . .. . . . . . . . 142 \backtrprime () . . . . . . 114 210, 231
average . . . . . .. . . . . . . . 28 C
\backturn () . . . . . . . . . . 153 \baru (T) . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
\awint () . . .. . . . . . . . 44 \bagmember (`) . . . . . . . . 55 \baruparrow () . . . . . . . 82
\awint () . . .. . . . . . . . 45 \bagmember () . . . . . . . 56 \barupharpoonleft () . . 84
\awintsl () . .. . . . . . . . 46 \Baii (;) . . . . . . . . . . . 146 \barupharpoonright () . 84
\awintup () . .. . . . . . . . 46 \Barv () . . . . . . . . . . . . 53
\Baiii (<) . . . . . . . . . . 146
\Ayn () . . . . .. . . . . . . . 20 \Barv () . . . . . . . . . . . . 56
\bakingplate ( ) . . . . . . 184
\Ayod (y) . . . .. . . . . . . . 142 \barV () . . . . . . . . . . . . 53
\ballotcheck () . . . . . . 134
\Azayin (z) . .. . . . . . . . 142 \barV () . . . . . . . . . . . . 56
\ballotx () . . . . . . . . . 134
\barvee () . . . . . . . . . . 33
banana brackets . . . . . . . . . .
B \barwedge (X) . . . . . . . . 30
see \llparenthesis and
B (B) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 151 \barwedge (Z) . . . . . . . . . 29
\barwedge () . . . . . . . . . 32
\rrparenthesis
\B . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 \banceps () . . . . . . . . . . 177
\B () . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 176 \barwedge () . . . . . . . . . 31
\bar ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103
b (esvect package option) . 106 \barwedge () . . . . . . . . . 33
\bar () . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102
\b (a) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 base twelve
\bar (!) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 151
numerals . . . . . . . . . 113
\b ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
176 \barb () . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
b (b) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 151 tally markers . . . . . . 173
\barbbrevis () . . . . . . 177
\BasicTree . . . . . . . . . . . 184
\Ba (a) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 146 \barbrevis () . . . . . . . . 177
babel (package) 15, 90, 91, 148 \barcap () . . . . . . . . . . 33
\babygamma (!) . . . . . . . . 19 \barcirc ( ) . . . . . . . . . 216 \bassclef ( I) . . . . . . . 153
\backapprox () . . . . . . . 50 \barcup () . . . . . . . . . . 33 \Bat () . . . . . . . . . . . . 170

238
\Bau (=) . . . . . . . . . . . . 146

\baucircle ( ) . . . . . . . 140 \bccrayon ( ) . . . . . . . 185 \bcnote ( ) . . . . . . . . 185

\bauforms () . . . . . . . 170 \bccube ( ) . . . . . . . . 185 \bcnucleaire ( ) . . . . 185

\bauhead () . . . . . . . . 170
\bausquare () . . . . . . . 140
\bcoctaedre ( ) . . . . . 185
\bcdallemagne ( ) . . . 185
\bautriangle () . . . . . . 140
\bcdanger ( ) . . . . . . . 185 \bcoeil ( ) . . . . . . . . 185
\BB ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 176

\Bb ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 176
\bcontraction . . . . . . . . 220

\bB ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 176
\bcdautriche ( ) . . . . 185 \bcorne ( ) . . . . . . . . 186
\bb ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 176

\bba () . . . . . . . . . . . . . 176
\bcdbelgique ( ) . . . . 185 \bcours ( ) . . . . . . . . 186
\bbalpha () . . . . . . . . . . 120
\bbar ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . 215 \bcoutil ( ) . . . . . . . . 186
\bbb () . . . . . . . . . . . . . 176 \bcdbulgarie ( ) . . . . 185

\bbbeta () . . . . . . . . . . . 120
\Bbbk (k) . . . . . . . . . . . . 93 \bcdfrance ( ) . . . . . . 185 \bcpanchant ( ) . . . . . 185
\Bbbk (k) . . . . . . . . . . . . 94
\Bbbk () . . . . . . . . . . . . 94 \bcpeaceandlove ( ) . . 185
\bcditalie ( ) . . . . . . 185
\Bbbsum ( ) . . . . . . . . . . 45 \bcpluie ( ) . . . . . . . . 185
bbding (package) 130133, 135,
\bcdluxembourg ( ) . . 185
139, 141, 212, 231
\bcplume ( ) . . . . . . . . 185
\bbdollar ($) . . . . . . . . . 120
\bcdodecaedre ( ) . . . 185 \bcpoisson ( ) . . . . . . 185
\bbetter (g) . . . . . . . . . 174
\bbeuro () . . . . . . . . . . 120
\bbfinalnun () . . . . . . . 120 \bcdpaysbas ( ) . . . . . 186 \bcquestion ( ) . . . . . 185
\bbgamma () . . . . . . . . . . 120
bbgreekl (mathbbol package op- \bcdz ( ) . . . . . . . . . . 186 \bcrecyclage ( ) . . . . 185
tion) . . . . . . . . . . 120 \bceclaircie ( ) . . . . 186
\BBm ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . 176 \bcrosevents ( ) . . . . 185
) . . . . . . . . . . . . 176
\Bbm (
) . . . . . . . . . . . . 176
\bBm (
\bcetoile ( ) . . . . . . . 185
\bcsmbh ( ) . . . . . . . . 185

bbm (package) . . . . . 119, 231
\bbm ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . 176 \bcfemme ( ) . . . . . . . . 185 \bcsmmh ( ) . . . . . . . . 185
) . . . . . . . . . . . . 176
\bbmb ( \bcsoleil ( ) . . . . . . . 185
\bbmx ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . 176 \bcfeujaune ( ) . . . . . 185
() . . . . . . . . . 120
\bbnabla
bbold (package) . . . . 119, 231 \bcfeurouge ( ) . . . . . 185
\bcspadesuit ( ) . . . . 185
\bbpe () . . . . . . . . . . . . 120 STOP
\bcstop ( ) . . . . . . . . 185
\bbqof () . . . . . . . . . . . 120 \bcfeutricolore ( ) . . 185
\bbrevis () . . . . . . . . . 177
\bbrktbrk () . . . . . . . . 117 \bctakecare ( ) . . . . . 185
\bcfeuvert ( ) . . . . . . 185
\bbslash ( ) . . . . . . . . . 29
\bbslash (=) . . . . . . . . . 32 \bctetraedre ( ) . . . . 185
\bcfleur ( ) . . . . . . . . 185
\bbyod () . . . . . . . . . . . . 120
\bctrefle ( ) . . . . . . . 185
\bchomme ( ) . . . . . . . . 185
\bcattention ( ) . . . . 185
\bctrombone ( ) . . . . . 185
\bchorloge ( ) . . . . . . 185
\bcbombe ( ) . . . . . . . . 185 \bcvaletcoeur ( ) . . . 185
\bcicosaedre ( ) . . . . 185
\bcvelo ( ) . . . . . . . . 185
\bcbook ( )
. . . . . . . . 185 \bcinfo ( ) . . . . . . . . 185
1 \bcyin ( ) . . . . . . . . . 186
\bccalendrier ( JAN ) . . . 185 \bcinterdit ( ) . . . . . 185
\Bda (d) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 146
\bccle ( ) . . . . . . . . . 185 \Bde (D) . . . . . . . . . . . . 146
\bclampe ( ) . . . . . . . . 185
\bdecisive (i) . . . . . . . 174
bclogo (package) 185, 186, 231,
\bcclefa ( ) . . . . . . . . 185 \Bdi (f) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 146
232
\bdleftarcarrow () . . . . 76
\bcclesol ( ) . . . . . . . 185 \bcloupe ( ) . . . . . . . . 185 \bdnearcarrow () . . . . . 76
\bdnwarcarrow () . . . . . 76
\bccoeur ( ) . . . . . . . . 185 \bcneige ( ) . . . . . . . . 185 \Bdo (g) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 146

239
\bdoverarcarrow () . . . 76 \bigblacktriangleup () 137 \bigdoublecurlywedge () 43
\bdrightarcarrow () . . . 76
\bigbosonloop () . . . . . . 128
\bigdoublevee () . . . . 44

\bdsearcarrow () . . . . . 76 \bigdoublevee () . . . . . 43
\bdswarcarrow () . . . . . 76 \bigbosonloopA () . . . . . 128 \bigdoublewedge () . . . 44
\Bdu (x) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 146
\bigbosonloopV () . . . . . 128 \bigdoublewedge () . . .
\Bigg . . . . . . . . . . . 211,
43
213
\bdunderarcarrow () . . 76 \bigbot ()
e ......... . 117
\bigg . . . . . . . . . . . 211, 213
\Bdwe (>) . . . . . . . . . . . 146 \bigbox ( ) . . . . ..... . 39
\biggassumption () . . 128

\Bdwo (?) . . . . . . . . . . . 146 \bigboxasterisk ( ) .. . 40
\bigboxbackslash ( ) . . 40 \BigHBar ( ) . . . . . . . . . 139
\Be (e) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 146
\bigboxbot ( ) ...... . 40
\Beam (") . . . . . . . . . . . . 127
\bigboxcirc ( ) . . ... . 40 \bigint ( )
........ 42
\Bearing (#) . . . . . . . . . 127
\bigboxcoasterisk ( ) . 40 g
\because () . . . . . . 48, 111 \biginterleave ( ) . . . . 39
\bigboxdiv () . . . . . . . 40
\because () . . . . . . . . . 55 \biginterleave () . . . . 117
\bigboxdot ( ) ...... . 40
\because () . . . . . . . . . 111 bigints (package) 42, 231, 232
\bigboxleft ( ) ..... . 40
\because () . . . . . . . . . . 111
\bigboxminus ( ) .... . 40
\bigints (
\because () . . . . . . . . . . 112
\Bed ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . 185
\bigboxplus ( ) .....
\bigboxright () . . . .
.
.
40
40
) ........ 42

\bigintss (
begriff (package) . . . 112, 231
Begriffsschrift symbols 112, 113
\bigboxslash () . . . . . 40 ) ........ 42
\bigboxtimes( ) . . . . . 40 \bigintsss (
\BEL () . . . . . . . . . . . . . 126 \bigboxtop ( ) . . . ... . 40 ) ....... 42
\Belarus () . . . . . . . . . . 181 \bigintssss ( ) . . . . . . . 42
\bigboxtriangleup ( ) . 40
\Belgium () . . . . . . . . . . 181 \biginvamp ( ) . . . . . . . 48
_
\bigboxvoid ( ) . . . .. . 40
\bell (
) . . . . . . . . . . . . 169
\bigcap ( ) . . . . . . . . . . 39 \BigLowerDiamond ( ) . . 139
\benzenr () . . . . . . . . . 137 \bigcap () . . . . . . . . . . 43 \bignplus ( ) . . . . . . . . 39
Berry, Karl . . . . . . . . . . . 233 \bigcap () . . . . . . . . . . 43 \bigoast (2) . . . . . . . . . 44
\Beta (B) . . . . . . . . . . . . 90
\bigcap ( ) . . . . . . . . . . 45 \bigoast () . ...... . . 43
\beta () . . . . . . . . . . . . 90 \bigoasterisk ( ) ... . . 40
\bigcapdot () . . . . . . . 43
\betaup () . . . . . . . . . . . 91 \bigobackslash ( ) . . . . 40
\bigcapdot () . . . . . . . . 43
\beth (i) . . . . . . . . . . . . 92 \bigcapplus () . . . . . . . 44 \bigobackslash () . . . . 43
\beth () . . . . . . . . . . . . 92 \bigcapplus ($) . . . . . . . 43

\bigobot ( ) ....... . . 40
\beth () . . . . . . . . . . . . 92 \bigcirc () . . . . . . . . . 29 \bigocirc ( ) . . . . . . . . 40
\beth () . . . . . . . . . . . . 92 \bigcirc () . . . . . . . . . 137 \bigocirc () . . .... . . 43
\beth () . . . . . . . . . . . . 93 \bigcirc () . . . . . . . . . 136 \bigocoasterisk ( ) . . . 40
better . . . see \triangleleft \bigcirc () . . . . . . . . . 138

\bigodiv () . . . . . . . . . 40
\betteris (b) . . . . . . . . 174
%
\BigCircle ( ) . . . . . . . 139 \bigodot ( ) . . . . . . . . . 39
\between ( ) . . . . . . . . . . 50
\between (G) . . . . . . . . . . 48 %
\BigCircle ( ) . . . . . . . 139
\bigodot () . . . . . . .
\bigodot () . . . . . . .
.
.
. 44
. 43
\between () . . . . . . . . . . 55 \bigcircle () . . . . . . . 43
\bigcoast () . . .. . . . . 30 \bigodot ( ) . . . . . . . . . 45
\between () . . . . . . . . . . 53
\bigcomplementop ( ) . . . 40

\between () . . . . . . . . . 50
\bigoint (
\between () . . . . . . . . . . 56
\BGassert ( ) . . . . . . . . . 112
\BigCross( ) . . . . . . .
\bigcup ( ) . . . . . . . . .
.
.
139
39
) . . . . . . . . 42

\bigcup () . . . . . . . . . . 44 \bigoints (
\BGconditional ( ) . . . 112
\bigcup () . . . . . . . . .

. 43 ) ....... 42

\bigointss (
\BGcontent ( ) . . . . . . . . 112
\bigcup ( ) . . . . . . . . .
\bigcupdot () . . . . . .
.
.
45
44
) ....... 42

\bigointsss (
\BGnot ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . 112 \bigcupdot () . . . . . . .

. 43 ) ...... 42
\BGquant ( ) . . . . . . . . 112 \bigcupdot ( ) . . . . . . . 45 \bigointssss ( ) . . . . . . 42

\Bi (i) . .. . . . . . . . . . . 146 \bigcupplus () . . . . . . . 44 \bigoleft ( ) .. . . . . . . 40
\bibridge (a ) . . . . . . . . . 22 \bigcupplus () \bigominus ( ) . . . . . . . 40
...... . 43
biconditional . . . . . . . . . . . . . \bigcurlyvee (b ) . . . . . . 40 () .
\bigominus . . . . . . 43
. . see \leftrightarrow \bigcurlyvee ( ) . . . . . . 39 \bigoplus ( ) . . . . . . . . 39
and \equiv \bigcurlyvee () . . . . . . 44 \bigoplus () . . . . . . . . 44
\Bicycle () . . . . . . . . 170 \bigcurlyvee () . . . . . . 43 \bigoplus () . . . . . . . . 43

\Big . . . . . . . . . . . . 211, 213 \bigcurlyveedot () . . . 43 \bigoplus ( ) .. . . . . . . 45
\big . . . . . . . . . . . . 211, 213 \bigcurlywedge (c ) . . . . 40 \bigoright () . . . . . . . 40
big O () see alphabets, math \bigcurlywedge ( ) . . . . 39 \bigoslash ( ) . . . . . . . 40
\Bigassumption () . . . 128 \bigcurlywedge () . . . . 44 \bigoslash () . . . . . . . 43
\bigcurlywedge () . . . . 43 \bigostar ()
\bigassumption () . . . . 128 . . . . . . . . 43
\bigast () . . . . . . . . . . 30 \bigcurlywedgedot () . . 43 \bigotimes ( ) . . . . . . . 39
\bigblacktriangledown () . \BigDiamondshape ( ) . & . 139 \bigotimes () . . . . . . . 44
. . . . . . . 137 \bigdoublecurlyvee () . 43 \bigotimes () . . . . . . . 43

240

\bigotimes( ) . . . . . . . 45
\bigotop ( ) . . . . . . . . . 40
\bigotriangle (F). . . . . 43
\bigotriangleup ( ) . . . 40
\bigovert () . . . . . . . . 43
\bigovoid ( ) f . . . . . . . . 40
\bigparallel ( ) . . . . . . 39
\bigparr () . . . . . . . . . 48
\bigplus ( ) . . . . . . . . . 40
\bigplus ( ) . . . . . . . . . 44
\bigplus (+) . . . . . . . . . 43
\bigpumpkin ( ) . . . . . . 37
/ \BigVBar
a
\bigtriangleup ( ) . .a. . 39
\bigtriangleup ( vs. ) 212
\bigtriangleup () . . 12, 29
\bigtriangleup (^) 69, 137
\bigtriangleup () . . . . 68
\bigtriangleup () 137, 138
\biguplus ( ) . . . . . . . . 39
\biguplus () . . . . . . . . 44
\biguplus () . . . . . . . . . 43
\biguplus ( ) . . . . . . . . 45
\bigvarstar () . . . . . . . 30
( ) . . . . . . . . . 139
\blackcircledownarrow () .
. . . . . . . 137
\blackcircledrightdot () .
. . . . . . . 137
\blackcircledtwodots () . .
. . . . . . . 137
\blackcircleulquadwhite ()
. . . . . . . 137
\blackdiamond () . . . . . 30
\blackdiamond () . . . . . 36
\blackdiamonddownarrow ()
. . . . . . . 137

\BigRightDiamond ( ) . . 139
\bigslopedvee () . . . . . 33
\bigslopedwedge () . . . 33
\bigsqcap ( ) . . . . . . . . 40
 \bigvee ( ) . . . . . . . . . . 45
\bigsqcap ( ) . . . . . . . . 39
) . . . . . . . 44
\bigsqcap () . . . . . . . . 44
) . . . . . . . . 43
\bigsqcap () . . . . . . . . . 43
\bigsqcap ( ) . . . . . . . . 45
\bigsqcapdot ($) . . . . . . 44
\bigsqcapdot (,) . . . . . . 43
 \bigwedge ( ) . . . . . . . . 45
\bigsqcapplus ( ) . . . . . 41
\bigsqcapplus (() . . . . . 44
\bigsqcapplus (0) . . . . . 43
\bigsqcup ( ) . . . . . . . . 39
\bigsqcup () . . . . . . . . 43
\bigsqcup () . . . . . . . . . 43
\bigsqcup ( ) . . . . . . . . 45
\bigsqcupdot (&) . . . . . . 43
\bigsqcupdot (.) . . . . . . 43
 5567, 8688
\bigsqcupplus ( ) . . . . . 41
\bigsqcupplus (*) . . . . . 44
\bigsqcupplus (2) . . . . . 43
\BigSquare ( ) . . . . . . . 139
\bigsquplus ( ) . . . . . . . 40
\bigstar () . . . . . . . . . 30
\bigstar (F) . . . . . . . . . 115
\bigstar () . . . . . . . . . 137
\bigstar () . . . . . . . . . 137
\bigstar () . . . . . . . . . 136
\bigstar () . . . . . . . . . 137
\bigtalloblong ( ) . . . . . 45
\bigtimes ( ) . . . . . . . . 40
\bigtimes () . . . . . . . . 44
\bigtimes () . . . . . . . . . 43
\bigtimes ( ) . . . . . . . . 45
\bigtop () . . . . . . . . . . 117
#
\BigTriangleDown (` ) . . 139
\bigtriangledown ( ) . `
\bigtriangledown ( vs. ) .
. 39
. . . . . . . 212
\bigtriangledown () . . 29
\bigtriangledown (_) . . 69,
137
\bigtriangledown () . . 68
\bigtriangledown () . 137,
138
"
\BigTriangleLeft ( ) . . 139
\bigtriangleleft () . . 137
$
\BigTriangleRight ( ) . 139
!
\BigTriangleUp ( ) . . . . 139
Z
\bigvee ( ) . . . . . . . . . . 39
\bigvee () . . . . . . . . . . 44 \BlackEmptySquare ( ) 175
\bigvee () . . . . . . . . . . 43 \blackhourglass () . . . 37
\blackinwhitediamond () . .
. . . . . . . 137
\bigveedot (
\blackinwhitesquare () 137
\bigveedot (
\bigwedge ( ) . . . . . . . . 39
\bigwedge () . . . . . . . . 44 \BlackKingOnBlack (j) 175
\BlackKingOnWhite (k) 175
\bigwedge () . . . . . . . . . 43
\BlackKnightOnBlack (m) .
\bigwedgedot () . . . . . . 44
\bigwedgedot () . . . . . . 43
....... 175
\bigwhitestar () . . . . . 137
\bigwith ( ) . . . . . . . . . 48
\binampersand (N) . . . . . 29 \BlackKnightOnWhite ( n) .
\binampersand () . . . . . 32 . . . . . . . 175
\blacklefthalfcircle () 137
binary operators . . . . . 2937
binary relations . . . 4851, 53, \blacklozenge () . . . . . 115
\blacklozenge () . . 36, 137
\blacklozenge () . . . . . 137
negated 49, 50, 5255, 57
\bindnasrepma (O) . . . . . 29 \blacklozenge () . . . . . 136
\blacklozenge () . 137, 138
\bindnasrepma () . . . . . 32
\Biohazard (h) . . . . . . . 127
\biohazard () . . . . . . . . 183 \BlackPawnOnBlack (o) 175
\BlackPawnOnWhite (p) 175
biological symbols . . . . . . 127
birds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143
bishop . . . . . . . . 175, 209210 \blackpointerleft () . 137
\blackpointerright () . 137
\bishoppair (a) . . . . . . . 174
\Bja (j) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 146
\Bje (J) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 146
\BlackQueenOnBlack ( l) .
. . . . . . . 175
\Bjo (b) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 146
\Bju (L) . . . . . . . . . . . . 146 \BlackQueenOnWhite ( q
) .
\Bka (k) . . . . . . . . . . . . 146 . . . . . . . 175
\blackrighthalfcircle () . .
\Bke (K) . . . . . . . . . . . . 146
. . . . . . . 137
\Bki (c) . . . . . . . . . . . . 146
\Bko (h) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 146
\Bku (v) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 146
\BlackRookOnBlack (s) 175
\BL (\) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125 \BlackRookOnWhite (r) 175
\black . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 176 \blacksmiley () . . . . . 117
a) .
\blacksmiley (-) . . . . . . 169
\BlackBishopOnBlack ( \blacksquare () . . . . . . 115
. . . . . . . 175 \blacksquare () . . . 36, 137
b
\blacksquare () . . . . . . 35
\BlackBishopOnWhite (
. . . . . . . 175
) . \blacksquare () . .
\blackstone . . . . . .
.
.
. . . 138
. . . 175
blackboard bold see alphabets,
math
\blacktriangle (N)
\blacktriangle ()
.
.
. . . 115
36, 137
\blackbowtie () . . . . . . 32 \blacktriangle () . . 36, 69

241
\blacktriangle () . . . . 68 \BNdccc () . . . . . . . . 146 \botdoteq () . . . . . . . . 50
\blacktriangle () . . . . 138 \Bne (N) . . . . . . . . . . . . 146 \botsemicircle () . . . . 138
\blacktriangledown () . 34 \BNi () . . . . . . . . . . . . . 146 \bottle ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . 184
\blacktriangledown (H) . 115 \Bottomheat () . . . . . . . 183
\Bni (C) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 146 \Bouquet () . . . . . . . . . 170
\blacktriangledown () . 36,
137 \BNii () . . . . . . . . . . . . 146 \bowl ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . 184
\blacktriangledown () . 36, \BNiii () . . . . . . . . . . . 146 \Bowtie (1) . . . . . . . . . . 169
69 \BNiv () . . . . . . . . . . . . 146 \bowtie () . . . . . . . . . . 48
\blacktriangledown () . 68
\BNix () . . . . . . . . . . . 146 \bowtie () . . . . . . . . . . 32
\blacktriangledown () . 138 \bowtie () . . . . . . . . 32, 53
\blacktriangleleft () . 34 \BNl () . . . . . . . . . . . . 146 \bowtie (&) . . . . . . . . 30, 31
\blacktriangleleft (J) . 67 \BNlx () . . . . . . . . . . . 146 \bowtie () . . . . . . . . . . 56
\blacktriangleleft () . 36 \BNlxx () . . . . . . . . . . 146 \Box () . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115
\blacktriangleleft () . 36, \BNlxxx () . . . . . . . . . 146 \Box (2) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115
69 \BNm (fi) . . . . . . . . . . . . 146 \Box () . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
\blacktriangleleft () . 68 \Box () . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
\blacktriangleleft () 138 \Bno (E) . . . . . . . . . . . . 146 \Box () . . . . . . . . . . . . . 138
\bNot () . . . . . . . . . . . . 56
\blacktriangleright () 34 box-drawing symbols . . . . 178
\blacktriangleright (I) 67 \Bnu (F) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 146 \boxast (i) . . . . . . . . . . 29
\blacktriangleright () 36 \BNv () . . . . . . . . . . . . . 146 \boxast () . . . . . . . . . . 36
\blacktriangleright () 36, \BNvi () . . . . . . . . . . . . 146 \boxast () . . . . . . . . . . 37
69 \BNvii () . . . . . . . . . . . 146 \boxasterisk (f) . . . . . . 34
\blacktriangleright () 68 \boxbackslash (n) . . . . . 34
\BNviii () . . . . . . . . . . 146
\blacktriangleright () 138 \boxbackslash () . . . . . 35
\blacktriangleup () . . . 34 \Bnwa (@) . . . . . . . . . . . 146 \boxbackslash () . . . . . 35
\blackwhitespoon () . . 87 \BNx () . . . . . . . . . . . . . 146 \boxbar (k) . . . . . . . . . . 29
blank . . . . . . see \textblank \BNxc () . . . . . . . . . . . 146 \boxbar () . . . . . . . . . . 36
\Bleech () . . . . . . . . . . 170 \BNxl () . . . . . . . . . . . 146 \boxbar () . . . . . . . . . . 36
\blender ( ) . . . . . . . . . . 184 \boxbar () . . . . . . . . . . 37

\blitza ( ) . . . . . . . . . . 88
\BNxx () . . . . . . . . . . . . 146
\boxbot (k) . . . . . . . . . . 34

\blitza ( ) . . . . . . . . . . 28 \BNxxx () . . . . . . . . . . . 146 \boxbot () . . . . . . . . . . 36

\blitzb ( ) . . . . . . . . . . 88 \Bo (o) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 146 \boxbox () . . . . . . . . . . 29


\blitzc ( ) . . . . . . . . . . 88 body-text symbols . . . . 1427 \boxbox () . . . . . . . . . . 36

\blitzd ( ) . . . . . . . . . . 88 boisik (package) . . . 32, 36, 44, \boxbox () . . . . . . . . . . 35

\blitze ( ) . . . . . . . . . . 88 55, 61, 66, 69, 80, 81, 92, \boxbox () . . . . . . . . . . 35
\blkhorzoval () . . . . . . 138 94, 95, 103, 114, 117, 137, \boxbox () . . . . . . . . . . 37
\blkvertoval () . . . . . . 138 140, 148, 152, 231 \boxbslash (j) . . . . . . . . 29
block-element symbols . . . 178 bold symbols . . . . . . 224225 \boxbslash () . . . . . . . . 36
\Bm () . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 176 \boldmath . . . . . . . . . . . . 225 \boxbslash () . . . . . . . . 36

bm (package) . . . 225, 231, 232 \boldsymbol . . . . . . . . . . 225 \boxbslash () . . . . . . . 37
\bm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 225 \BOLogo (F) . . . . . . . . . . 170 \boxcirc (e) . . . . . . . . . 34
\bm ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 176 \BOLogoL (M) . . . . . . 170 \boxcircle () . . . . . . . . 29
\BOLogoP (N) . . . . . . . . . . 170 \boxcircle () . . . . . . . . 36
\Bma (m) . . . . . . . . . . . . 146
bomb . . . . . . . . . . . 185186 \boxcircle () . . . . . . . 37
\Bme (M) . . . . . . . . . . . . 146
\bomb (L) . . . . . . . . . . . . 170 \boxcoasterisk (g) . . . . 34
\Bmesonminus () . . . . . 129 \bond () . . . . . . . . . . . 129 \boxdiag () . . . . . . . . . 36
\Bmesonnull () . . . . . . 129 Boolean domain (B) . . . . see \boxdiag () . . . . . . . . . 37
\Bmesonplus () . . . . . . 129 alphabets, math \boxdiv (c) . . . . . . . . . . 34
\Bmi (y) . . . . . . . . . . . . 146 Boolean logic gates . . . . . 126 \boxdivision () . . . . . . 36
\Bmo (A) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 146 boondox (emf package option) \boxdot (d) . . . . . . . . . . 34
\bmod . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89 . . . . . . . 122 \boxdot ( ) . . . . . . . . . . 29
\Bmu (B) . . . . . . . . . . . . 146 borders . . . . . . . . . . 196202 \boxdot () . . . . . . . . . . 36
born . . . . . . . . see \textborn \boxdot () . . . . . . . . . . 35
\Bna (n) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 146
\boseDistrib () . . . . . . 129 \boxdot () . . . . . . . . . . 35
\BNc () . . . . . . . . . . . . . 146 \Bosnia () . . . . . . . . . . . 181 \boxdot () . . . . . . . . . . 37
\BNcc () . . . . . . . . . . . . 146 \boson () . . . . . . . . . . . 129 \boxdotLeft () . . . . . . 71
\BNccc () . . . . . . . . . . 146 bosons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 128 \boxdotleft () . . . . . . 71
\BNcd () . . . . . . . . . . . 146 \Bot () . . . . . . . . . . . . 95 \boxdotRight () . . . . . 71
\bot () . . . . . . . 28, 93, 217 \boxdotright () . . . . . 71
\BNcm (ff) . . . . . . . . . 146
\bot () . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94 \boxempty () . . . . . . . . 29
\BNd () . . . . . . . . . . . 146 \bot () . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93 \boxLeft () . . . . . . . . 71
\BNdc () . . . . . . . . . . 146 \bot () . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94
)
\boxleft (h) . . . . . . . . . 34
\BNdcc () . . . . . . . . . 146 \botborder ( . . . . . . . 176 \boxleft () . . . . . . . . 71

242
\boxleft () . . . . . . . . . 36 \BPhorse () . . . . . . . . 147 \Break ( Break ) . . . . . . . 125
\boxminus (a) . . . . . . . . 34 \Bpi (G) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 146 \breve ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . 103
\boxminus () . . . . . . . . 29 \breve () . . . . . . . . . . . 102
\BPman () . . . . . . . . . . . 147
\boxminus () . . . . . . . . . 36 \breve (a) . . . . . . . . . . . 23
\boxminus () . . . . . . . . . 35 \BPnanny () . . . . . . . . . 147
breve (a) . . . . . . . see accents
\boxminus () . . . . . . . . . 35 \Bpo (H) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 146 \brevis () . . . . . . . . . . 177
\boxminus () . . . . . . . . 37 \BPolive () . . . . . . . . . 147 \Bri (O) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 146
\boxonbox () . . . . . . . . 138 \BPox () . . . . . . . . . . . 147
\boxplus () . . . . . . . . . 34 \Bro (U) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 146
\BPpig () . . . . . . . . . . 147 \Broii () . . . . . . . . . . . 146
\boxplus (
) . . . . . . . . . 29
\boxplus () . . . . . . . . . 36 \BPram () . . . . . . . . . . 147 \brokenvert (|) . . . . . . . . 169
\boxplus () . . . . . . . . . 35 \BPsheep () . . . . . . . . . 147 Bronger, Torsten . . . . . . . 217
\boxplus () . . . . . . . . . . 35 \BPsow () . . . . . . . . . . 147 \Bru (V) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 146
\boxplus () . . . . . . . . . 37 \BPspear () . . . . . . . . . 147 \BS () . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 126
\boxRight () . . . . . . . 71 \Bsa (s) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 146
\BPsword () . . . . . . . . . . 147
\boxright (i) . . . . . . . . 34
\BPtalent () . . . . . . . 146 \Bse (S) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 146
\boxright () . . . . . . . 71
\BSEfree (n) . . . . . . . . . 127
\boxright () . . . . . . . . . 36 \Bpte (]) . . . . . . . . . . . 146
\boxslash (m) . . . . . . . . 34 \Bsi (Y) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 146
\Bpu (I) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 146
\boxslash (l) . . . . . . . . . 29 \bsimilarleftarrow () . 82
\Bpuii (\) . . . . . . . . . . 146
\boxslash () . . . . . . . . . 36 \bsimilarrightarrow () 82
\boxslash () . . . . . . . . . 35 \BPvola () . . . . . . . . . 146 \Bso (1) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 146
\boxslash () . . . . . . . . . 35 \BPvolb () . . . . . . . . . . 146 \bsolhsub () . . . . . . . . 62
\boxtimes (b) . . . . . . . . 34 \BPvolcd () . . . . . . . . . 146 \BSpace ( ) . . . . . . . 125
\boxtimes () . . . . . . . . 29 \BPvolcf () . . . . . . . . . 146 \Bsu (2) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 146
\boxtimes () . . . . . . . . . 36
\BPwheat () . . . . . . . . . 147 \Bswa ({) . . . . . . . . . . . . 146
\boxtimes () . . . . . . . . . 35
\boxtimes () . . . . . . . . . 35 \BPwheel () . . . . . . . . . 147 \Bswi (|) . . . . . . . . . . . 146
\boxtimes () . . . . . . . . 37 \BPwine () . . . . . . . . . . 147 \Bta (t) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 146
\boxtop (j) . . . . . . . . . . 34 \BPwineiih () . . . . . . . 147 \Btaii (}) . . . . . . . . . . 146
\boxtop () . . . . . . . . . . 36 \BPwineiiih () . . . . . . 147 \Bte (T) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 146
\boxtriangle () . . . . . . 36
\BPwineivh () . . . . . . . 147 \Bti (3) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 146
\boxtriangleup (o) . . . . 34
\boxvert () . . . . . . . . . 35 \BPwoman () . . . . . . . . . 147 \btimes () . . . . . . . . . . 32
\boxvert (q) . . . . . . . . . . 35 \BPwool () . . . . . . . . . . 147 \btimes () . . . . . . . . . . 33
\boxvoid (l) . . . . . . . . . 34 \BPwta () . . . . . . . . . . . 146 \Bto (4) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 146
\boy (D) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123 \BPwtb () . . . . . . . . . . . 146 \Btu (5) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 146
\Bpa (p) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 146 \BPwtc () . . . . . . . . . . 146 \Btwe () . . . . . . . . . . . . 147
\Bpaiii ([) . . . . . . . . . . 146 \BPwtd () . . . . . . . . . . . 146 \Btwo (~) . . . . . . . . . . . 146
\BPamphora () . . . . . . . . 147 \Bqa (q) . . . . . . . . . . . . 146 \Bu (u) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 146
\BParrow () . . . . . . . . . 147 \Bqe (Q) . . . . . . . . . . . . 146 \BUFd () . . . . . . . . . . 126
\BPbarley () . . . . . . . . . 147 \Bqi (X) . . . . . . . . . . . . 146 buffers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 126
\BPbilly () . . . . . . . . . 147
\Bqo (8) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 146
\BPboar () . . . . . . . . . . 147
\Bra (r) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 146 \BUFl () . . . . . . . . . . 126
\BPbronze () . . . . . . . . 147 bra . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96
\BPbull () . . . . . . . . . . 147 \braceld () . . . . . . . . . . 220 \BUFr () . . . . . . . . . . 126

\BUFu () . . . . . . . . . .
\BPcauldroni () . . . . . 147 \bracerd ( ) . . . . . . . . . . 220
126
\BPcauldronii () . . . . 147 braces . . . 14, 9699, 104107
asymmetric . . . . . . . 107 \BUi (fl) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 147
\BPchariot () . . . . . . 147 extensible . . . . 104107 \BUii (ffi) . . . . . . . . . . . . 147
\BPchassis () . . . . . . 147 multiline . . . . . . . . . 107 \BUiii (ffl) . . . . . . . . . . 147
\BPcloth () . . . . . . . . . 147 \bracevert ( ) . . . . . . . 96


\BUiv () . . . . . . . . . . . . 147



\bracevert (
\BPcow () . . . . . . . . . . 147
) . . . . . . . 97 \BUix (%) . . . . . . . . . . . 147
\BPcup () . . . . . . . . . . 147 \Bulgaria () . . . . . . . . . 182
\bracevert () . . . . . . . . 117
\Bpe (P) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 146 brackets . . . . . see delimiters bullcntr (package) 173, 231, 232
\BPewe () . . . . . . . . . . 147 \bullcntr{1 } ( ) . . . . 173
\Braii (^) . . . . . . . . . . . 146 \bullcntr{2 } ( ) . . . . 173
\BPfoal () . . . . . . . . . 147 \Braiii (_) . . . . . . . . . . 146 \bullcntr{3 } () . . . . 173
\BPgoat () . . . . . . . . . . 147 braket (package) . . . . . . . 96
\bullcntr{4 } () . . . . 173
\BPgoblet () . . . . . . . . 147 \Bratpfanne ( ) . . . . . . 184
\bullcntr{5 } () . . . . 173
\BPgold () . . . . . . . . . . 147 \Bre (R) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 146 \bullcntr{6 } ( ) . . . .
173

243

\bullcntr{7 } (
) . . . . 173 calrsfs (package) . . . . . . . 119 \Ccc ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 176

\bullcntr{8 } (
) . . . . 173 \CAN () . . . . . . . . . . . . . 126 \ccCopy () . . . . . . . . . . 27

\bullcntr{9 } () . . . . 173
cancel (package) . . . . . . . 104 ccicons (package) 27, 231, 232
bullenum (package) . . . . . 173 \Cancer () . . . . . . . . . . 122 cclicenses (package) . . 27, 231
bullenum . . . . . . . . . . . . 173 \Cancer (b) . . . . . . . . . . 124 \ccLogo (c) . . . . . . . . . . 27
\bullet () . . . . . . . . . . . 29 \cancer (_) . . . . . . . . . . 122 \ccnc ( $ ) ......... 27

\bullet () . . . . . . . . . . . 36 \Candle ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . 185 \ccnd ( = ) ......... 27
\bullet () . . . . . . . . . . . 30 \candra ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . 103 \ccNoDerivatives (d) . . 27
\bullet () . . . . . . . . . . . 37 \Cap (e) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29 \ccNonCommercial (n) . . 27
bullseye . see \textbullseye \Cap () . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32 \ccNonCommercialEU (e) . 27
\bullseye () . . . . . . . . 138 \Cap () . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32 \ccNonCommercialJP (y) . 27
\Bumpedeq () . . . . . . . . 50 \Cap () . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 \ccPublicDomain (p) . . . 27
\bumpedeq () . . . . . . . . 50 \Cap () . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33 \ccRemix (r) . . . . . . . . . 27
\Bumpeq (m) . . . . . . . . . . 48 \cap (X) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30 \ccsa ( ) . . . . . . . . . . .
C
27
\Bumpeq () . . . . . . . . . . 55 \cap () . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29 \ccSampling (m) . . . . . . . 27
\Bumpeq () . . . . . . . . . . 53 \cap () . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32 \ccShare (s) . . . . . . . . . 27
\Bumpeq () . . . . . . . . . . . 51 \cap () . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 \ccShareAlike (a) . . . . . 27
\Bumpeq () . . . . . . . . . . 56 \cap () . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30 \ccwundercurvearrow () 82
\bumpeq (l) . . . . . . . . . . 48 \cap () . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33 \ccZero (z) . . . . . . . . . . 27
\bumpeq () . . . . . . . . . . 55 \capbarcup () . . . . . . . . 33 \cdot () . . . . . . . . . . 29, 215
\bumpeq () . . . . . . . . . . 53 \capdot () . . . . . . . . . . 31 \cdot (y) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
\bumpeq () . . . . . . . . . . . 50 \capdot () . . . . . . . . . . 30 \cdot () . . . . . . . . . . 31, 111
\bumpeq () . . . . . . . . . . 56 \capdot () . . . . . . . . . . 33 \cdot () . . . . . . . . . . . 111
\bumpeqq () . . . . . . . . . . 53 \capovercup () . . . . . . . 33 \cdot () . . . . . . . . . . 30, 111
\bumpeqq () . . . . . . . . . 56 \cdot () . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112
\capplus (C) . . . . . . . . . 31
\bupperhand (e) . . . . . . . 174 \cdotp () . . . . . . . . . . . . 110
\capplus (?) . . . . . . . . . . 30
\Capricorn () . . . . . . . . 122 \cdotp () . . . . . . . . . . . 111

\Burns ( ) . . . . . . 177
\Capricorn (B) . . . . . . . 124
\capricornus (d) . . . . . . 122
\cdotp () . . . . . . . . . . . .
\cdotp () . . . . . . . . . . . .
111
112
\BusWidth ( ) . . . . . . . . 126 \capturesymbol (X) . . . . 174 \cdots ( ) . . . . . . . . . . 110
\BUv (!) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 147 \capwedge () . . . . . . . . . 33 \cdots () . . . . . . . . . . . 111
\BUvi (") . . . . . . . . . . . . 147 card suits . 140, 141, 185186 \cdots () . . . . . . . . . . . 112
cardinality . . . . . see \aleph \CE () . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125
\BUvii (#) . . . . . . . . . . 147
care of (c/o) . . . . . . . . . . . 117 \Ce (e) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 147
\BUviii ($) . . . . . . . . . 147 caret . . . . . . . . . . . . . . see \^ Cedi see \textcolonmonetary
\BUx (&) . . . . . . . . . . . . 147 \caretinsert () . . . . . . 117 cedilla () . . . . . . see accents
\BUxi () . . . . . . . . . . . 147 Carlisle, David . . . . . . 1, 230 celestial bodies 122124, 179,
\BUxii () . . . . . . . . . . . 147 caron (a) . . . . . . . see accents 193195
carriage return . . . . . . . . 214 \celsius () . . . . . . . . . 121
\Bwa (w) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 146
carriage return 125, 126, 141, \Celtcross () . . . . . . . . 170
\Bwe (W) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 146 214 Celtic knots . . . . . . 199202
\Bwi (6) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 146 \carriagereturn () . . . . 80
\cent () . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
\carriagereturn () . . . 82
C
\Bwo (7) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 146 \centerdot () . . . . . . . . 30
\BX (
) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125 \carriagereturn ( ) . . . 141
\centerdot ( ) . . . . . . . . . 31
\Bza (z) . . . . . . . . . . . . 146 Cartesian product see \times
\centerdot () . . . . . . . . 29
castle . . . . . . . . 175, 209210
\Bze (Z) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 146 \centerdot () . . . . . . . . 32
\castlingchar (O) . . . . . 174
\Bzo (9) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 146 \centerdot () . . . . . . . . 112
\castlinghyphen (-) . . . . 174
centernot (package) . . . . . 216
\Cat ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 184
C \centernot . . . . . . . . . . . 216
\catal () . . . . . . . . . . . 177
\C (
a) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 centigrade . see \textcelsius
\Catalexis () . . . . . . . . 176
\C ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 176 \centre (I) . . . . . . . . . . 174
\catalexis () . . . . . . . . 176
c (esvect package option) . 106 catamorphism . . . . . . . . . . . . cents . . . . . . . . see \textcent
\c (a) . . . . . . . . . . . . 20, 227 see \llparenthesis and \Ceres () . . . . . . . . . . . 124
\c ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 176 \rrparenthesis \CEsign (C) . . . . . . . . . . 127
\Ca (a) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 147 \CB (-\) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125 \Cga (g) . . . . . . . . . . . . 147
\caesura () . . . . . . . . . . . 153 \cb (a, ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 \Chair ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . 185
O \Cc ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 176 chancery (package) . . . . . . 231
cal (emf package option) . 122 \cc ( CC ) . . . . . . . . . . . 27 \changenotsign . . . . . . . 50
calligra (package) 119, 231, 232 \cc ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 176 \char 214, 223, 226, 229, 230
calligra (emf package option) . \ccAttribution (b) . . . . 27 Charter (font) . . . . . . . 25, 47
. . . . . . . 122 \ccby ( BY: ) . . . . . . . . . 27 \check ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . 103
Calligra (font) . . . . . . . . . 119 \ccbyncnd (c bn d) . . . 27 \check () . . . . . . . . . . . 102

244
check marks 15, 116117, 133,
134, 141, 169, 170, 186
189, 212
\checked () . . . . . . . . . 169
\CheckedBox (2 ) . . . . . . . 134
\Checkedbox (V) . . . . . . . 134
!
\Checkmark ( ) . . . . . . . 133
D
\checkmark (X) . . . . . . . 15
\checkmark ( ) . . . . . . . 141
\checkmark () . . . . . . . . 117
\checkmark () . . . . . . . 116
\checkmark () . . . . . . . 116
D
\checkmark () . . . . . . . . 117
\checkmark (X vs. ) . . . 212
"
\CheckmarkBold ( ) . . . . 133
\checksymbol (+) . . . . . . 174
chemarr (package) . . 108, 231
chemarrow (package) 85, 108,
231
\chemarrow (A) . . . . . . . 85
Chen, Raymond . . . . . . . 233
chess symbols . . . . . 174, 175,
209210
\chesscomment (RR) . . . . 174
\chessetc (P) . . . . . . . . . 174
\chesssee (l) . . . . . . . . 174
chevrons . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131
\Chi (X) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90
\chi () . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90
ChinA2e (package) . 26, 89, 120,
179, 180
china2e (package) 119, 231, 232
\Chiron (D) . . . . . . . . . . 124
\chiup () . . . . . . . . . . . . 91
chorus (emf package option) 122
\Ci (i) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 147
cipher symbols . . . . . . . . 179
\cirbot () . . . . . . . . . . . 56
\circ () . . . . . 29, 117, 216
\circ () . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
\circ () . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
\circ () . . . . . . . . . . . . 138
\circeq () . . . . . . . . . . 50
\circeq ($) . . . . . . . . . . 48
\circeq () . . . . . . . . . . 55
\circeq () . . . . . . . . . . 53
\circeq () . . . . . . . . . . . 51
\circeq () . . . . . . . . . . 56
\CIRCLE ( ) . . . . . . . . . . 136
\Circle (#) . . . . . . . . . . 136
5
\Circle ( ) . . . . . . . . . . 139
5
\Circle (# vs. ) . . . . . 212
\circlearrowright () . 73
\circlearrowright () 82, 83
\circlebottomhalfblack ()
. . . . . . . 138
circled numerals 134, 175, 176,
209
\CircledA () . . . . . . . . 170
\circledast (~) . . . . . . . 29
\circledast () . . . . . . . 36
\circledast () . . . . . . . 36
\circledast () . . . . . . . 35
\circledast () . . . . . . . 37
\circledbar (V) . . . . . . . 30
\circledbslash (W) . . . . 30
\circledbullet () . . . . 138
\circledcirc (}) . . . . . . 29
\circledcirc () . . . . . . 36
\circledcirc () . . . . . . 36
\circledcirc () . . . . . . 35
\circledcirc () . . . . . . 37
\circleddash () . . . . . . 29
\circleddash () . . . . . . 36
\circleddash () . . . . . . 36
\circleddash () . . . . . . 35
\circleddash () . . . . . . 37
\circleddot . . . . . see \odot
\circleddotleft () . . 71
\circleddotright () . . 71
\CircledEq () . . . . . . . 55
\circledequal () . . . . . 36
\circledequal () . . . . . 37
\circledgtr (S) . . . . . . . 49
\circledless (R) . . . . . . 49
\circledminus . see \ominus
\circledotleft . . . . . . . see
\circleddotleft
\circledotright . . . . . . see
\circleddotright
\circledownarrow () . . . 138
\circledparallel () . . 37
\circledplus . . . see \oplus
\circledR (r) . . . . . . 15, 93
\circledR () . . . . . . . . . 94
\circledrightdot () . . 138
\circledS (s) . . . . . . . . 93
\circledS () . . . . . . . . . 94
\circledslash . see \oslash
\circledstar () . . . . . . 138
\circledtimes . see \otimes
\circledtwodots () . . . 138
\circledvee (U) . . . . . . . 30
\circledvert () . . . . . . 36
\circledvert () . . . . . . 37
\circlerighthalfblack () .
. . . . . . . 138
circles . . . . . . . . . . 124, 136
141, 175, 176, 181, 191
d
192, 197, 207208
\CircleShadow ( ) . . . . . 139
a
\CircleSolid ( ) . . . . . . 139
\circletophalfblack () 138
\circleulquad () . . . . . 138
\circleurquad () . . . . . 138
\circleurquadblack () . 138
\circlevertfill () . . . 138
\Circpipe () . . . . . . . . . 127
\circplus () . . . . . . . . 30
\circplus () . . . . . . . . . 32
\Circsteel () . . . . . . . . 127
circumflex (^ a) . . . see accents
\circumflexus (a) . . . . . 23
\cirE () . . . . . . . . . . . 138
\cirfnint () . . . . . . . . . 45
\cirfnintsl () . . . . . . . 46
\cirfnintup () . . . . . . . 46
\cirmid () . . . . . . . . . . . 87
\cirmid () . . . . . . . . . . . 56
\cirscir () . . . . . . . . . 138
\Cja (j) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 147
\Cjo (b) . . . . . . . . . . . . 147
\Cka (k) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 147
\Cke (K) . . . . . . . . . . . . 147
\Cki (c) . . . . . . . . . . . . 147
\Cko (h) . . . . . . . . . . . . 147
\Cku (v) . . . . . . . . . . . . 147
\Cla (l) . . . . . . . . . . . . 147
\Cle (L) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 147
\CleaningA () . . . . . . . . 170
\CleaningF () . . . . . . . . 170
\CleaningFF () . . . . . . . 170
\CleaningP () . . . . . . . . 170
\CleaningPP () . . . . . . . 170
\clefC ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . 156
\clefCInline . . . . . . . . . 156
\clefF ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . 156
\clefFInline . . . . . . . . . 156
\clefG ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . 156
\clefGInline . . . . . . . . . 156
clefs . . . . . 153, 154, 156, 161,
185186
\Cli (d) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 147
\clickb (;) . . . . . . . . . . 19
\circlearrowleft () . . 71
\circlearrowleft ( ) . . 70
\circlearrowleft () . . 80
\circlearrowleft () . . 77
\circlearrowleft () . . 73
\circlearrowleft () 82, 83
\circlearrowright () . . 71
\circlearrowright () . 70
\circlearrowright () . 80
\circlearrowright () . 77
\circledwedge (T) . . . . . 30
\circledwhitebullet () 138
\circlehbar () . . . . . . . 37
\circleleft () . . . . . . 71
\circlelefthalfblack () 138
\circlellquad () . . . . . 138
\circlelrquad () . . . . . 138
\circleonleftarrow () . 82
\circleonrightarrow () 82
\circleright () . . . . . 71
245
\clickc () . . . . . . . . . . . 19
\clickt (R) . . . . . . . . . . . 19
\Clo (f) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 147
clock (package) . 172, 231, 232
1i
\clock () . . . . . . . . . . . 169
\clock ( ) . . . . . . . . . . 172
clock symbols . . . . . 169172,
185186
\ClockFramefalse . . . . . . 172
\ClockFrametrue . . . . . . 172
\ClockLogo (U) . . . . . . . . 170
\ClockStyle . . . . . . . . . . 172
\clocktime . . . . . . . . . . . 172
\closedcurlyvee () . . . . 31
\closedcurlywedge () . . 31
) . . . . . . 49 \concavediamondtickleft ()
\closedequal () . . . . . . 51
\closedniomega (?) . . . . 19
\closedprec () . . . . . . . 51
\closedrevepsilon () . . 19
\closedsucc () . . . . . . . 51
\closedvarcap () . . . . . 33
\closedvarcup () . . . . . 33
\closedvarcupsmashprod () .
. . . . . . . . 33
\closure ( ) . . . . . . . . . . 102
\closure () . . . . . . . . 53, 88
\closure () . . . . . . . . . 56

\Cloud ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . 171
clouds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
clovers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 135
\Clu (q) . . . . . . . . . . . . 147
clubs . . . . . . . . . . . . 140, 141
\clubsuit () . . . . . . . . 140
\clubsuit () . . . . . . . . . 140
\clubsuit () . . . . . . . . 140
\clubsuit () . . . . . . . . . 140
\clubsuit () . . . . . . . . . 141
\Cma (m) . . . . . . . . . . . . 147
\Cme (M) . . . . . . . . . . . . 147
\Cmi (y) . . . . . . . . . . . . 147
cmll (package) . 28, 34, 48, 59,
95, 231
\Cmo (A) . . . . . . . . . . . . 147
cmr (emf package option) . 122
\Cmu (B) . . . . . . . . . . . . 147
\Cna (n) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 147
\Cne (N) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 147
\Cni (C) . . . . . . . . . . . . 147
\Cno (E) . . . . . . . . . . . . 147
\Cnu (F) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 147
\CO () . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125
\Co (o) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 147
\coAsterisk () . . . . . . . 30
\coAsterisk (`) . . . . . . . 32
\coasterisk () . . . . . . . 30
i
\Coda () . . . . . . . . . . . . . 153
U
\coda () . . . . . . ....... 153
code page 1252 . ....... 228
table . . . . . ....... 228
code page 437 . . 126, 178, 226
\Coffeecup (K) . . . 170, 185
\coh () . . . . . . ....... 59
coins, ancient . . ....... 26
\Colon () . . . . ....... 111
\Colon () . . . . ....... 112
\colon . . . . . . . ....... 110
\colon ( : ) . . . . ....... 110
\colon () . . . . . ....... 111
\colon () . . . . . . . . . . . . 111
\Colonapprox () . . . . . 49
\Colonapprox (::) . . . . . 57
\colonapprox (:) . . . . . 59
\colonapprox (:) . . . . . . 57
\colonapprox (
\coloncolon (::) . . . . . . . 59
\coloncolonapprox (::) . 59
\coloncolonequals (::=) . 59
\coloncolonminus (::) . . 59
\coloncolonsim (::) . . . 59
\Coloneq (H) . . . . . . . . . 49
\Coloneq (::) . . . . . . . . . 57
\Coloneq () . . . . . . . . . 56
\coloneq () . . . . . . . 28, 50
\coloneq (:) . . . . . . . . . 57
\coloneq (D) . . . . . . . . . 49
\coloneq () . . . . . . . . . 53
\coloneq (=) . . . . . . . . . 51
\coloneq () . . . . . . . . . 56
\Coloneqq (F) . . . . . . . . 49
\Coloneqq (::=) . . . . . . . . 57
\coloneqq (:=) . . . . . . . . 57
\coloneqq (B) . . . . . . 28, 49
\coloneqq () . . . . . . . . 53
colonequals (package) . 28, 59,
231
\colonequals (:=) . . . 28, 59
\colonminus (:) . . . . . . 59
\Colonsim () . . . . . . . . 49
\Colonsim (::) . . . . . . . . 57
\colonsim (:) . . . . . . . . 59
\colonsim (:) . . . . . . . . 57
\colonsim () . . . . . . . . 49
combelow (package) . 24, 231,
232
combinatorial logic gates . 126
comma-below accent (a, ) . . see
accents
\commaminus () . . . . . . . 33
communication symbols . . 126
commutative diagrams . . . 218
comp.text.tex (newsgroup) 12,
28, 29, 214219
compass . . . . . . . . . 191192
\compensation (n) . . . . . 174
\complement (A) . . . . . . . 93
\complement ({) . . . . . . . 93
\complement () . . . . . . . 94
\complement () . . . . . . . 94
\complement () . . . . . . . 43
\complement () . . . . . . . 94

complete shuffle product ( ) 34
\COMPLEX ( ) . . . . . . . . . . 89
\Complex ( ) . . . . . . . . . . 89
complex numbers (C) . . . see
alphabets, math
composited accents . . . . . 20
Comprehensive TEX Archive
Network 1, 12, 104, 120,
126, 211, 228230
computer hardware symbols 125
computer keys . . . . . . . . . 125
246
Computer Modern (font) . 85,
211, 213, 226
computer symbols . . 186189
\ComputerMouse () . . . . 125
\concavediamond () . . . 37
. . . . . . . . 37
\concavediamondtickright
() . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
\Conclusion (;) . . . . . . . 113
\conductivity () . . . . . 129
\cong () . . . . . . . . . . . . 48
\cong () . . . . . . . . . . . . 55
\cong () . . . . . . . . . . . . 53
\cong () . . . . . . . . . . . . 51
\cong () . . . . . . . . . . . . 56
\congdot () . . . . . . . . . 56
\Congruent (]) . . . . . . . . 113
congruent . . . . . . see \equiv
\conictaper () . . . . . . . 117
\conjquant () . . . . . . . 44
\conjquant ( ) . . . . . . . 45
\Conjunction (q) . . . . . . 124
\conjunction (V) . . . . . . 122
conjunction, logical see \wedge
and \&
consequence relations . . . . 58
contradiction symbols . 28, 88
control characters . . . . . . 126
converse implication . . . . see
\leftarrow and \subset
converse nonimplication . . . . .
. . see \nleftarrow and
\nsubset
\convolution () . . . . . . 30
\convolution (@) . . . . . . 32
\cooker ( ) . . . . . . . . . . 184
cooking symbols . . . 183, 184,
186189
cookingsymbols (package) 183,
231, 232
\Cooley ( ) . . . . . . . . . . 184
\Coppa () . . . . . . . . . . . 148
\coppa () . . . . . . . . . . . 148
\coprod ( ) . . . . . . . . 28, 39
\coprod () . . . . . . . . . . 44
\coprod () . . . . . . . . . . 43
\coprod ( ) . . . . . . . . . . 45
copyright . 14, 15, 26, 27, 227
\copyright () . . . . . . . 15
\copyright () c . . . . . . . 15
\corner (k) . . . . . . . . . . . 24
corners, box . . . . . . . . . . 178
\corona ( ) . . . . . . . . . . 177
\coronainv () . . . . . . . . 177
\Corresponds (=) . . . . . . 113
\corresponds (fl) . . . . . . 50
\corresponds () . . . . . . 55
\cos (cos) . . . . . . . . . 89, 224
\cosh (cosh) . . . . . . . . . . 89
\cot (cot) . . . . . . . . . . . . 89
\coth (coth) . . . . . . . . . . 89
\counterplay (V) . . . . . . 174
countries . . . . . . . . . . . . . 181
European . . . . . . . . . 181
CountriesOfEurope (package) . .
. . . . 181, 231, 232
CountriesOfEurope (font) 183
\CountriesOfEuropeFamily . .
. . . . . . . 183
Courier (font) . . . . . . . . . 25
\covbond () . . . . . . . . . 129
CP1252 . . see code page 1252
CP437 . . . see code page 437
\Cpa (p) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 147
\Cpe (P) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 147
\Cpi (G) . . . . . . . . . . . . 147
\Cpo (H) . . . . . . . . . . . . 147
\Cpu (I) . . . . . . . . . . . . 147
\CR (-) . . . . . . . . . . 125, 126
\cr . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 216
\Cra (r) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 147
\Cre (R) . . . . . . . . . . . . 147
Creative Commons licenses 26,
27
crescent (fge package option) .
. . . . . . . 103
\crescHairpin ( ) . . . . 157
\Cri (O) . . . . . . . . . . . . 147
\Cro (U) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 147
\Croatia () . . . . . . . . . . 182
\Cross () . . . . . . . . . . . 170
*
\Cross ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . 133

\Cross ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . 139

\Cross ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . 139
) 171,
* 
\Cross ( vs. vs. ) . . . 212
\cross (*) . . . . . . . . . . . . 151
cross ratio . . see \textrecipe
\crossb () . . . . . . . . . . . 19
-
\CrossBoldOutline ( ) . . 133
4
\CrossClowerTips ( ) . . 133
\crossd (
) . . . . . . . . . . . 19 \Cup () . . . . . . .
\CrossedBox (X) . . . . . . . 134
\CrossedBox (X) . . . . . . . 134
\Crossedbox (X) . . . . . . . 134
crosses 133, 162166, 170, 175,
176, 191192
\crossh (#) . . . . . . . . . . . 19
\crossing () . . . . . . . . 53
.
\CrossMaltese ( ) . . . . . 133
\crossnilambda (3) . . . . 19
+
\CrossOpenShadow ( ) . . . 133
,
\CrossOutline ( ) . . . . . 133
crotchet see musical symbols
\crotchet ( C ) . . . . . . . . . 155
\crotchetDotted ( u ) . . . . 155
\crotchetDottedDouble ( u u ) .
. . . . . . . 155
\crotchetDottedDoubleDown
uu
( ) . . . . . . . . . . . 155
u
\crotchetDottedDown ( ) 155
C
\crotchetDown ( ) . . . . . . 155
\crotchetRest ( ) . . . . . . 156 \curlyeqprec () . . . . . . 55
\crotchetRestDotted ( ) 156 \curlyeqprec () . . . . . . 53
\curlyeqprec () . . . . . . 51
\crtilde (a) . . . . . . . . . . 22
\curlyeqprec () . . . . . . 56
\Cru (V) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 147
\curlyeqsucc () . . . . . . 50
crucifixes . . 133, 170, 191192
\curlyeqsucc (3) . . . . . . 48
\Crux () . . . . . . . . . . . . 102
\curlyeqsucc () . . . . . . 55
\crux () . . . . . . . . . . . . 102
\curlyeqsucc () . . . . . . 53
cryst (package) . . . . 207, 231
\curlyeqsucc () . . . . . . 51
crystallography symbols . 207
208 \curlyeqsucc () . . . . . . 56
\CS (/-) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125 \curlyesh (N) . . . . . . . . . 19
\curlyvee (O) . . . . . . . . 30
\Csa (s) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 147
\curlyvee (g) . . . . . . . . 29
\curlyvee () . . . . . . . . . 32
\csc (csc) . . . . . . . . . . . . 89
\Cse (S) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 147

\curlyvee () . . . . . . . . . 31
\cshuffle ( ) . . . . . . . . 34 \curlyvee () . . . . . . . . . 31
\Csi (Y) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 147 \curlyvee () . . . . . . . . . 33
\Cso (1) . . . . . . . . . . . . 147 \curlyveedot (5) . . . . . . 31
\Csu (2) . . . . . . . . . . . . 147 \curlyveedownarrow (.) . 29
\csub () . . . . . . . . . . . . 62 \curlyveedownarrow () 80
\csube () . . . . . . . . . . . 62 \curlyveeuparrow (/) . . . 29
\csup () . . . . . . . . . . . . 62 \curlyveeuparrow () . . 80
\curlywedge (N) . . . . . . . 30
\csupe () . . . . . . . . . . . 62
\curlywedge (f) . . . . . . . 29
\curlywedge () . . . . . . . 32
\Cta (t) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 147
CTAN see Comprehensive TEX
\curlywedge () . . . . . . . 31
Archive Network
\curlywedge () . . . . . . . 31
\Cte (T) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 147
\curlywedge () . . . . . . . 33
\Cti (3) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 147 \curlywedgedot (4) . . . . 31
\Cto (4) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 147 \curlywedgedownarrow (') 29
\Ctrl ( Ctrl ) . . . . . . . . . 125 \curlywedgedownarrow () 80
\Ctu (5) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 147 \curlywedgeuparrow (&) . 29
\Cu (u) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 147
\curlywedgeuparrow () . 80
\Cube ( 
\curlyyogh (a) . . . . . . . . 19
214
cube root . . . . . . . see \sqrt
\curlyz (^) . . . . . . . . . . . 19
\currency () . . . . . . . . . 25
currency symbols . 25, 26, 117,
cube rotations . . . . . . . . . 190 120
\Cup (d) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
\curvearrowbotleft () 71
\Cup () . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
\curvearrowbotleft () . 80
\Cup () . . . . . . .
\Cup () . . . . . . .
. . . . . . 32
. . . . . . 31
\curvearrowbotleftright ()
. . . . . . . . 71
. . . . . . 33
\curvearrowbotleftright ()
\cup (Y) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
. . . . . . . . 80
\cup () . . . . . . 29, 215, 224
\curvearrowbotright () 71
\cup () . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
\curvearrowbotright () 80
\cup () . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
\curvearrowdownup () . . 72
\cup () . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
\curvearrowleft () . . . 71
\cup () . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
\curvearrowleft (x) . . . 70
\cupbarcap () . .
\cupdot () . . . .
. . . . . . 33
. . . . . . 31
\curvearrowleft () . . . 80
\curvearrowleft () . . . 77
\cupdot () . . . . . . . . . . 31 \curvearrowleft () . . . 73
\cupdot () . . . . . . . . . . 33
\curvearrowleft () . . . 82
\Cupido () . . . . . . . . . . 124 \curvearrowleftplus () 82
\cupleftarrow () . . . 32, 80 \curvearrowleftright () 71
\cupleftarrow () . . . . . 33 \curvearrowleftright () 80
\cupovercap () . . . . . . . 33 \curvearrowleftright () 72
\cupplus () . . . . . . . 31, 32 \curvearrownesw () . . . 72
\cupplus () . . . . . . . . . . 31 \curvearrownwse () . . . 72
\cupvee () . . . . . . . . . . 33 \curvearrowright () . . 71
\curlyc () . . . . . . . . . . . 19 \curvearrowright (y) . . 70
\curlyeqprec () . . . . . . 50 \curvearrowright () . . 80
\curlyeqprec (2) . . . . . . 48 \curvearrowright () . . 77
247
\curvearrowright () . . 73 \dagger () . . . . . . . . . . . 32 \DavidStar ( ) .0 . . . . . . 135
\curvearrowright () . . 82
\curvearrowrightleft () 72
\dagger () . . . . . . . . . . . 33
\dalambert () . . . . . . . . 117
\DavidStarSolid ( /) . . . 135
\dBar (||) . . . . . . . . . . . . 177
\curvearrowrightminus () . \daleth (k) . . . . . . . . . . 92 \dbar (
) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 215
. . . . . . . . 82 \daleth () . . . . . . . . . . 92 \dbend () . . . . . . . . . . 169
\curvearrowsenw () . . . 72 \daleth () . . . . . . . . . . 92 \dbkarow () . . . . . . . 82, 83
\curvearrowswne () . . . 72 \daleth () . . . . . . . . . . 92 dblaccnt (package) . . . . . . 219
\curvearrowupdown () . . 72 \daleth () . . . . . . . . . . 93 \dblcolon (::) . . . . . . . . . 57
\CutLeft (q) . . . . . . . . . 131 dancers (package) . . . 203, 231 \DCa () . . . . . . . . . . . . . 126
cutoff subtraction see \dotdiv dancing men . . . . . . 203205 \DCb () . . . . . . . . . . . . . 126
\CutRight (s) . . . . . . . . . 131 \danger () . . . . . . . . . . 117 \DCc () . . . . . . . . . . . . . 126
\CuttingLine (R) . . . . . . 131 \danger (B) . . . . . . . . . . 170 \DCd () . . . . . . . . . . . . . 126
\Cwa (w) . . . . . . . . . . . . 147 dangerous bend symbols . 169 \dCooley ( ) . . . . . . . . . 184
\cwcirclearrow () . . . . 82 Danish runes see normal runes \DD () . . . . . . . . . . 125, 154
\cwcirclearrowdown () 76 \dAnnoey ( ) . . . . . . . . . 184 \ddag () . . . . . . . . . 15, 228
\cwcirclearrowleft () 76 \DArrow ( ) . . . . . . . . 125 \ddag () . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
\cwcirclearrowright () 76 \dasharrow . . . . . . . . . . . see \ddagger () . . . . . . . . . . 29
\cwcirclearrowup () . . 76 \dashrightarrow \ddagger () . . . . . . . . . . 32
\Cwe (W) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 147 \dasharrow () . . . . . . . 77 \ddagger () . . . . . . . . . . 33
\dasharrow () . . . . . . . 83 \ddashint (=) . . . . . . . . . 217
\cwgapcirclearrow () . 77
\dashcolon () . . . . . . . . 56 \Ddashv () . . . . . . . . . . 53
\cwgapcirclearrow () . 82
\dasheddownarrow () . . . 72 \ddddot () . . . . . . . . . . . 103
\Cwi (6) . . . . . . . . . . . . 147 ....
\dashedleftarrow () . . 72 \ddddot ( ) . . . . . . . . . . 102
\cwleftarcarrow () . . . . 76 \dddot () . . . . . . . . . . . 103
\dashednearrow (d) . . . . 72 ...
\cwnearcarrow () . . . . . 76 \dddot ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . 102
\dashednwarrow (e) . . . . 72
\cwnwarcarrow () . . . . . 76
\dashedrightarrow () . . 72 \dddtstile ( ) . . . . . .. 58
\Cwo (7) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 147 \dashedsearrow (g) . . . . 72 \ddigamma () . . . . . . . .. 148
\cwopencirclearrow () 77 \dashedswarrow (f) . . . . 72
\cwopencirclearrow () 83, \dasheduparrow () . . . . . 72
\DDohne (D /D) . . . . . . . . .. 154
138 \ddot ( ) . . . . . . . . . . .. 103
\dashint () . . . . . . . . . . 217
\cwoverarcarrow () . . . 76 \ddot () . . . . . . . . . . .. 102
\dashleftarrow (c) . . . . 70
\cwrightarcarrow () . . . 76 \ddotdot () . . . . . . . 31, 111
\dashleftarrow () . . . . 77
\cwrightarcarrow () . . . 82 \ddotdot () . . . . . . . 31, 111
\dashleftarrow () . . . . 73
\cwsearcarrow () . . . . . 76 .
\dashleftarrow () . . . . 83 \ddots ( . . ) . . . . . . . . . . 112
\cwswarcarrow () . . . . . 76 \dashleftharpoondown () 84 .
\cwunderarcarrow () . . 76 \dashleftrightarrow (e) 71 \ddots ( . . ) . . . . . . 110, 218
\cwundercurvearrow () . 82 \dashrightarrow (d) . . . 70 \ddots () . . . . . . . . ... 111
\Cxa (x) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 147 \dashrightarrow () . . . 77 \ddots () . . . . . . . . ... 111
\Cxe (X) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 147 \dashrightarrow () . . . 73 \ddots () . . . . . . . . ... 112
\dashrightarrow () . . . 83 \ddotseq () . . . . . . ... 56
\Cya (j) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 147
\dashrightharpoondown () . \DDownarrow () . . . ... 82
\Cyo (b) . . . . . . . . . . . . 147

. . . . . . . . 84
\cyprfamily . . . . . . . . . . 147 \DDownarrow ( )
.... . 99
\DashV ()) . . . . . . . . . . . 50
Cypriot . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 147 \Ddownarrow (). . .... . 76
\DashV () . . . . . . . . . . . 55
cypriot (package) 147, 231, 232 \Ddownarrow () . . . . . . . 82
\DashV () . . . . . . . . . . . 53

\CYRSH () . . . . . . . . . . 214
\DashV () . . . . . . . . . . . 56 \Ddownarrow (
) . . . . . 99
\Cza (g) . . . . . . . . . . . . 147 \Dashv ()) . . . . . . . . . . . 50
\ddststile ( ) . . . . . . . 58
\Czechia () . . . . . . . . . . 182 \Dashv () . . . . . . . . . . . 53
\Czo (9) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 147 \Dashv () . . . . . . . . . . . 56 \ddtstile ( ) ........ 58
\dashV () . . . . . . . . . . . 55 \ddttstile ( ) . . . . . . 58
D \dashV () . . . . . . . . . . . 53 \DE () . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125
D (D) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 151 \dashV () . . . . . . . . . . . 56 \DeclareFontFamily 210, 223
\D (a) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 \dashv () . . . . . . . . . . . 48 \DeclareFontShape . 210, 223

d (esvect package option) . 106 \dashv () . . . . . . . . . . . 53 \DeclareMathOperator . . 224
\d () . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 151 \dashv () . . . . . . . . . . . 51 \DeclareMathOperator* . 224
\d (a.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 \dashv () . . . . . . . . . . . 56 \declareslashed . . . . . . 216
d (d) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 151 \DashVDash () . . . . . . . 56 \DeclareUnicodeCharacter . .
dAlembert operator . . . . see \dashVdash () . . . . . . . 56 . . . . . . . 229
\laplac \dashVv (-) . . . . . . . . . . 50 \decofourleft ([) . . . . . 136
\DA () . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125 \dashVv () . . . . . . . . . . 55 \decofourright (\) . . . . 136
\dag () . . . . . . . . . . 15, 228 \dashVv () . . . . . . . . . . 53 \decoone (X) . . . . . . . . . 136
\dag () . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 database symbols . . . . . . 117 decorative borders . . 196202
\dagger () . . . . . . . . . . . 29 \davidsstar (C) . . . . . . . 135 \decosix (]) . . . . . . . . . 136

248
\decothreeleft (Y) . . . . 136 diresis (a) . . . . . see accents diamonds . . . . . . 29, 30, 35
\decothreeright (Z) . . . 136 \diagdown () . . . . . . . . 116 37, 71, 115, 136141, 162
\decotwo (a) . . . . . . . . . 136 \diagdown () . . . . . . . . 115 166, 171, 191192, 207
\decrescHairpin ( ) . . 157 \diagdown () . . . . . . . . 117 208
Dedekind, Richard . . . . . . 214 \diagdown () . . . . . . . . 51 
\DiamondShadowA ( ) . . . 139
definite-description operator ( )
\diagdown () . . . . . . . . 117 
\DiamondShadowB ( ) . . . 139
. . . . . . . 214 \diagonal (G) . . . . . . . . 174 
\DiamondShadowC ( ) . . . 139
definition symbols . . . 28, 219
\deg (deg) . . . . . . . . . . . 89
\diagup () . . . . . . . . . . 116
\diagup () . . . . . . . . . . 115
6
\Diamondshape ( ) . . . . . 139
\diamondslash () . . . . . 35
\degree (0) . . . . . . . . . . . 116 \diagup () . . . . . . . . . . 117
\diamondslash (z) . . . . . 35
p
\degree () . . . . . . . . . . . 121 \diagup () . . . . . . . . . . 51
degrees . . . . see \textdegree \diagup () . . . . . . . . . . 117 \DiamondSolid ( ) . . . . . 139
\DEL () . . . . . . . . . . . . . 126 \diameter (I) . . . . . . . . 116 \diamondsuit () . . . . . . 140
\DEL () . . . . . . . . . . . . . 126 \diameter () . . . . . . . . 28 \diamondsuit () . . . . . . 140
\Del ( Del ) . . . . . . . . . . 125 \diameter () . . . . . . . . 116 \diamondsuit () . . . . . . 140
\Del ( Del ) . . . . . . . . . . 125 \diamondsuit () . . . . . . 140
\diameter () . . . . . . . . . 116
\Deleatur . . . . see \Denarius \diamondsuit () . . . . . . 141
\diameter () . . . . . . . . . 117
delimiters . . . . . . . . . 95102 \diamondtimes () . . . . . 36
\diameter () . . . . . . . . 169
text-mode . . . . 101, 102 \diamondtimes () . . . . . 35
\Diamond (^) . . . . . . . . . 115
variable-sized . . . 96101 \diamondtimes (}) . . . . . 35
\Diamond (3) . . . . . . . . . 115
wavy-line . . . . . . 97100 \diamondtopblack () . . 138
\Diamond () . . . . . . . . . 36
\Delta () . . . . . . . . . . . 90 \diamondtriangle () . . . 36
\Diamond () . . . . . . . . . 35
\delta () . . . . . . . . . . . 90 \diamondvert () . . . . . . 35
\Diamond () . . . . . . . . . 138
\deltaup () . . . . . . . . . . 91 \diamondvert (y) . . . . . . 35
\diamond () . . . . . . . . . . 29
deminutum . . . . see musixgre \diatop . . . . . . . . . . 24, 219
\diamond (}) . . . . . . . 36, 137
demisemiquaver . . see musical \diaunder . . . . . . . . . 24, 219
\diamond () . . . . . . . . . . 36
symbols dice . . . . . 171, 172, 208, 214
\diamond () . . . . . . . . . . 35
\demisemiquaver ( Z ) . . . . 155 dice (package) . . . . . 208, 231

\diamond () . . . . . . . 37, 138
\dicei () . . . . . . . . . . . 172
\demisemiquaverDotted ( Z ) . \diamondbackslash () . 35
\diceii () . . . . . . . . . . 172
. . . . . . . 155 \diamondbackslash ({) . . 35
\diceiii () . . . . . . . . . 172
\demisemiquaverDottedDouble

\diamondbar () . . . . . . . 36 \diceiv () . . . . . . . . . . 172
( Z ) . . . . . . . . . . . 155 \Diamondblack (_) . . . . . 115 \dicev () . . . . . . . . . . . 172
\demisemiquaverDottedDoubleDown \diamondbotblack () . . 138
Z \dicevi () . . . . . . . . . . 172
(
) . . . . . . . . . . . 155 \diamondbslash () . . . . 36 dictionary symbols 1720, 177
\demisemiquaverDottedDown \diamondcdot () . . . . . . 36 dictsym (package) . . 177, 231
Z \diamondcdot () . . . . . 138
(
) . . . . . . . . . . . . 155 died . . . . . . . . see \textdied
Z \diamondcircle () . . . . 36 differential, inexact see \dbar
\demisemiquaverDown ( ) 155 \diamonddiamond () . . . 35
\Denarius () . . . . . . . . 25 \Digamma (\) . . . . . . . . . . 148
\diamonddiamond () . . . 35 \Digamma () . . . . . . . . . 148
\denarius () . . . . . . . . 26 \Diamonddot () . . . . . . . 115
\Denmark () . . . . . . . . . . 182 \digamma (z) . . . . . . 90, 148
\diamonddot () . . . . . . . 35 \digamma (?) . . . . . . . . . . 148
\dental (ag ) . . . . . . . . . . . 22
\diamonddot () . . . . . . . 35 \digamma () . . . . . . . . . . 94
!
\Dep () . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 153
\DiamonddotLeft () . . 71 \digamma () . . . . . . . . . . 148
derivitive, partial see \partial
\Diamonddotleft () . . 71 digital logic gates . . . . . . 126
Descartess equal sign () . . .
\DiamonddotRight () . . 71 digits . . . . . . . . see numerals
. . see \rightpropto and
\Diamonddotright () . . 71 \dim (dim) . . . . . . . . . . . 89
\backpropto
\diamonddots ( ) . . . 31, 111 \ding . 16, 130135, 140, 141
\descnode () . . . . . . . . 122
\DiamondLeft () . . . . . 71 \ding{33} (!) . . . . . . . . 131
\det (det) . . . . . . . . . . . . 89
\devadvantage (t) . . . . . 174 \Diamondleft () . . . . . 71 \ding{34} (") . . . . . . . . 131
. \diamondleftarrow () . 82 \ding{35} (#) . . . . . . . . 131
\Dfourier ( ... ) . . . . . . 59
\diamondleftarrowbar () 82 \ding{36} ($) . . . . . . . . 131
\Dfourier () . . . . . . . . . 55
.
\diamondleftblack () . 138 \ding{37} (%) . . . . . . . . . 141
\dfourier ( ... ) . . . . . . 59 \diamondminus () . . . . . 36 \ding{38} (&) . . . . . . . . 141
\dfourier () . . . . . . . . . 55 \diamondminus () . . . . . 35 \ding{39} (') . . . . . . . . 141
\DFT ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . 109 \diamondminus (x) . . . . . 35 \ding{40} (() . . . . . . . . 141
\dft ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . 109 \diamondop () . . . . . . . . 36 \ding{41} ()) . . . . . . . . . 141
\DH (D) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 \diamondplus () . . . . . . 36 \ding{42} (*) . . . . . . . . 132
\DH () . . . . . . . . . . . 15, 227 \diamondplus () . . . . . . 35 \ding{43} (+) . . . . . . . . 132
\dh (k) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 \diamondplus (|) . . . . . . 35 \ding{44} (,) . . . . . . . . . 132
\dh () . . . . . . . . . . . 15, 227 \DiamondRight () . . . . 71 \ding{45} (-) . . . . . . . . 132
diacritics . . . . . . . see accents \Diamondright () . . . . 71 \ding{46} (.) . . . . . . . . 132
\diaeresis (a) . . . . . . . . 23 \diamondrightblack () 138 \ding{47} (/) . . . . . . . . 132

249
\ding{48} (0) .. . . . . . . 132 \ding{111} (o) . . . . . . . . 140 \ding{208} () . . . . . . . . 134
\ding{49} (1) .. . . . . . . 132 \ding{112} (p) . . . . . . . . 140 \ding{209} () . . . . . . . . 134
\ding{50} (2) .. . . . . . . 132 \ding{113} (q) . . . . . . . . 140 \ding{210} () . . . . . . . . 134
\ding{51} (3) . .. . . . . . . 134 \ding{114} (r) . . . . . . . . 140 \ding{211} () . . . . . . . . 134
\ding{52} (4) .. . . . . . . 134 \ding{115} (s) . . . . . . . 140 \ding{212} () . . . . . . . 130
\ding{53} (5) .. . . . . . . 134 \ding{116} (t) . . . . . . . 140 \ding{213} () . . . . . . . . 130
\ding{54} (6) .. . . . . . . 134 \ding{117} (u) . . . . . . . . 140 \ding{214} () . . . . . . . 130
\ding{55} (7) . .. . . . . . . 134 \ding{118} (v) . . . . . . . . 141 \ding{215} () . . . . . . . . 130
\ding{56} (8) . .. . . . . . . 134 \ding{119} (w) . . . . . . . . 140 \ding{216} () . . . . . . . . 130
\ding{57} (9) .. . . . . . . 133 \ding{120} (x) . . . . . . . . . 140 \ding{217} () . . . . . . . 130
\ding{58} (:) .. . . . . . . 133 \ding{121} (y) . . . . . . . . 140 \ding{218} () . . . . . . . . 130
\ding{59} (;) .. . . . . . . 133 \ding{122} (z) . . . . . . . . 140 \ding{219} () . . . . . . . 130
\ding{60} (<) . .. . . . . . . 133 \ding{123} ({) . . . . . . . . 16 \ding{220} () . . . . . . . 130
\ding{61} (=) . .. . . . . . . 133 \ding{124} (|) . . . . . . . . 16 \ding{221} () . . . . . . . 130
\ding{62} (>) . .. . . . . . . 133 \ding{125} (}) . . . . . . . . 16 \ding{222} () . . . . . . . 130
\ding{63} (?) . .. . . . . . . 133 \ding{126} (~) . . . . . . . . 16 \ding{223} () . . . . . . . . 130
\ding{64} (@) . .. . . . . . . 133 \ding{161} () . . . . . . . . 16 \ding{224} () . . . . . . . 130
\ding{65} (A) . .. . . . . . . 135 \ding{162} () . . . . . . . . 16 \ding{225} () . . . . . . . . 130
\ding{66} (B) .. . . . . . . 135 \ding{163} () . . . . . . . . 16 \ding{226} () . . . . . . . 130
\ding{67} (C) .. . . . . . . 135 \ding{164} () . . . . . . . 141 \ding{227} () . . . . . . . 130
\ding{68} (D) .. . . . . . . 135 \ding{165} () . . . . . . . . 141 \ding{228} () . . . . . . . 130
\ding{69} (E) .. . . . . . . 135 \ding{166} () . . . . . . . . 141 \ding{229} () . . . . . . . 130
\ding{70} (F) .. . . . . . . 135 \ding{167} () . . . . . . . . 141 \ding{230} () . . . . . . . 130
\ding{71} (G) .. . . . . . . 135 \ding{168} () . . . . . . . . 141 \ding{231} () . . . . . . . . 130
\ding{72} (H) .. . . . . . . 135 \ding{169} () . . . . . . . . 141 \ding{232} () . . . . . . . 130
\ding{73} (I) .. . . . . . . 135 \ding{170} () . . . . . . . . 141 \ding{233} () . . . . . . . . 130
\ding{74} (J) .. . . . . . . 135 \ding{171} () . . . . . . . . 141 \ding{234} () . . . . . . . . 130
\ding{75} (K) .. . . . . . . 135 \ding{172} () . . . . . . . . 134 \ding{235} () . . . . . . . 130
\ding{76} (L) .. . . . . . . 135 \ding{173} () . . . . . . . . 134 \ding{236} () . . . . . . . 130
\ding{77} (M) .. . . . . . . 135 \ding{174} () . . . . . . . . 134 \ding{237} () . . . . . . . . 130
\ding{78} (N) .. . . . . . . 135 \ding{175} () . . . . . . . . 134 \ding{238} () . . . . . . . . 130
\ding{79} (O) .. . . . . . . 135 \ding{176} () . . . . . . . . 134 \ding{239} () . . . . . . . 130
\ding{80} (P) .. . . . . . . 135 \ding{177} () . . . . . . . . 134 \ding{241} () . . . . . . . 130
\ding{81} (Q) . .. . . . . . . 135 \ding{178} () . . . . . . . . 134 \ding{242} () . . . . . . . . 130
\ding{82} (R) . .. . . . . . . 135 \ding{179} () . . . . . . . . 134 \ding{243} () . . . . . . . 130
\ding{83} (S) . .. . . . . . . 135 \ding{180} () . . . . . . . . 134 \ding{244} () . . . . . . . . 130
\ding{84} (T) .. . . . . . . 135 \ding{181} () . . . . . . . . 134 \ding{245} () . . . . . . . 130
\ding{85} (U) .. . . . . . . 135 \ding{182} () . . . . . . . . 134 \ding{246} () . . . . . . . . 130
\ding{86} (V) . .. . . . . . . 135 \ding{183} () . . . . . . . . 134 \ding{247} () . . . . . . . 130
\ding{87} (W) .. . . . . . . 135 \ding{184} () . . . . . . . . 134 \ding{248} () . . . . . . . 130
\ding{88} (X) .. . . . . . . 135 \ding{185} () . . . . . . . . 134 \ding{249} () . . . . . . . 130
\ding{89} (Y) .. . . . . . . 135 \ding{186} () . . . . . . . . 134 \ding{250} () . . . . . . . . 130
\ding{90} (Z) .. . . . . . . 135 \ding{187} () . . . . . . . . 134 \ding{251} () . . . . . . . 130
\ding{91} ([) . .. . . . . . . 135 \ding{188} () . . . . . . . . 134 \ding{252} () . . . . . . . 130
\ding{92} (\) . .. . . . . . . 135 \ding{189} () . . . . . . . . 134 \ding{253} () . . . . . . . 130
\ding{93} (]) . .. . . . . . . 135 \ding{190} () . . . . . . . . 134 \ding{254} () . . . . . . . 130
\ding{94} (^) . .. . . . . . . 135 \ding{191} () . . . . . . . . 134 \dingasterisk () . . . . . 117
\ding{95} (_) .. . . . . . . 135 \ding{192} () . . . . . . . . 134 dingautolist . . . . . . . . . 134
\ding{96} (`) .. . . . . . . 135 \ding{193} () . . . . . . . . 134 dingbat (package) . . . 132, 141,
\ding{97} (a) .. . . . . . . 135 \ding{194} () . . . . . . . . 134 199, 212, 231
\ding{98} (b) .. . . . . . . 135 \ding{195} () . . . . . . . . 134 dingbat symbols . . . 130141
\ding{99} (c) . .. . . . . . . 135 \ding{196} () . . . . . . . . 134 \dInnocey ( ) . . . . . . . . . 184
\ding{100} (d) .. . . . . . . 135 \ding{197} () . . . . . . . . 134 \Diple (>) . . . . . . . . . . . 176
\ding{101} (e) .. . . . . . . 135 \ding{198} () . . . . . . . . 134 \diple (>) . . . . . . . . . . . 176
\ding{102} (f) .. . . . . . . 135 \ding{199} () . . . . . . . . 134 \Diple* (> ) . . . . . . . . . . 176
\ding{103} (g) .. . . . . . . 135 \ding{200} () . . . . . . . . 134 \diple* (> ) . . . . . . . . . . 176
\ding{104} (h) .. . . . . . . 135 \ding{201} () . . . . . . . . 134 \dipole () . . . . . . . . . . 129
\ding{105} (i) .. . . . . . . 135 \ding{202} () . . . . . . . . 134 Dirac notation . . . . . . . . . 96
\ding{106} (j) .. . . . . . . 135 \ding{203} () . . . . . . . . 134 \Direct (7) . . . . . . . . . . 124
\ding{107} (k) .. . . . . . . 135 \ding{204} () . . . . . . . . 134 discount . see \textdiscount
\ding{108} (l) .. . . . . . . 140 \ding{205} () . . . . . . . . 134 discretionary hyphen . . . . 228
\ding{109} (m) . . . . . . . 140 \ding{206} () . . . . . . . . 134 \Dish () . . . . . . . . . . . . 183
\ding{110} (n) .. . . . . . . 140 \ding{207} () . . . . . . . . 134 \disin (<) . . . . . . . . . . . 55

250
\disin () . . . . . . . . . . . 56
disjoint union . . . . . . . . . 28
\disjquant () . . . . . . . 44
\disjquant ( ) . . . . . . . 45
disjunction . . . . . . . see \vee
\displaystyle . 217219, 224
ditto marks see \textquotedbl
\div () . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
\div (|) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
\div () . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
\div () . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
\div () . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
\divdot () . . . . . . . . . . 30
\divideontimes () . . . . 30
\divideontimes (>) . . . . 29
\divideontimes () . . . . 32
\divideontimes () . . . . 31
\divideontimes () . . . . 33
\Divides ([) . . . . . . . . . . 113
\divides () . . . . . . . . . . 50
\divides () . . . . . . . . . 51
\DividesNot (\) . . . . . . . 113
division . . . . 29, 104105, 110
long . . . . . . . . . 104105
non-commutative . . . 110
polynomial . . . . . . . . 104
division times . . . . . . . . . see
\divideontimes
divorced . see \textdivorced
\divslash (/) . . . . . . . . . 31
\DJ () . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
\dj () . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
\DL () . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125
\dLaughey ( ) . . . . . . . . . 184
\dlbari (() . . . . . . . . . . . 19
\DLE () . . . . . . . . . . . . . 126
\dlsh () . . . . . . . . . . . . 71
\dlsh () . . . . . . . . . . . . 80
\DM ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125
\Dmesonminus () . . . . . 129
\Dmesonnull () . . . . . . 129
\Dmesonplus () . . . . . . 129
\dndtstile ( ) . . . . . . . 58
\dNeutrey ( ) . . . . . . . . . 184
\dNinja ( ) . . . . . . . . . . 184
\dnststile ( ) . . . . . . . 58
\dntstile ( ) . . . . . . . . 58
\dnttstile ( ) . . . . . . 58
\dNursey ( ) . . . . . . . . . . 184
do not enter . . . . see \noway
does not divide . . . see \nmid
does not exist . see \nexists
does not imply . . . . . . . . 216
\Dohne (D/ ) . . . . . . . . . . . 154
Dohse, Max . . . . . . . . . . . 217
dollar . . . . . see \textdollar
dollar sign . . . . . . . . . . see \$
dominance . . . . . . see \prec
negative . . . . see \nprec
negative weak . . . . . see
\npreccurlyeq
strict . . . . . . . see \Prec
weak . see \preccurlyeq
\Dontwash () . . . . . . . . 170
\dot ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103
\dot ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102
\dot (.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 151
dot accent (a or . ) see accents
dot symbols 14, 110112, 218
DotArrow (package) . 109, 231,
232
\dotarrow ( ) . . . . . . 109
\dotcong () . . . . . . . . . . 53
\dotcup () . . . . . . . 28, 215
\dotdiv () . . . . . . . . . . 30
\Doteq . . . . . . see \doteqdot
\Doteq () . . . . . . . . . . . 53
\Doteq () . . . . . . . . . . . 51
\Doteq () . . . . . . . . . 56, 57
\doteq () . . . . . . . . . . . 48
\doteq () . . . . . . . . . . . 55
\doteq () . . . . . . . . . . . 53
\doteq () . . . . . . . . . . . 51
\doteq () . . . . . . . . . . . 56
\doteqdot (+) . . . . . . . . 48
\doteqdot () . . . . . . . . . 55
\doteqdot () . . . . . . . . . 53
\doteqdot () . . . . . . . . . 51
\doteqdot () . . . . . . . . . 57
\dotequiv () . . . . . . . . . 56
dotless ()
text mode . . . . . . . . 20
dotless ()
math mode . . . 102, 115
text mode . . . . . . . . 20
dotless ()
math mode . . . 102, 115
\dotmedvert () . . . . . . . 31
\dotminus () . . . . . . . . . 55
\dotminus () . . . . . . . . . 31
\dotminus () . . . . . . . . . 31
\dotminus () . . . . . . . . . 33
\dotplus (`) . . . . . . . . . 30
\dotplus (u) . . . . . . . . . 29
\dotplus () . . . . . . . . . 32
\dotplus () . . . . . . . . . 31
\dotplus () . . . . . . . . . 33
\dots . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
\dots (. . . ) . . . . . . . . . . . 228
dots (ellipses) 14, 15, 110112,
115, 218
\dotsb ( ) . . . . . . . . . . 111
\dotsb () . . . . . . . . . . . 112
\dotsc (. . .) . . . . . . . . . . 111
\dotseq () . . . . . . . . . . 50
\dotsi ( ) . . . . . . . . . . 111
\dotsim () . . . . . . . . . . 55
\dotsim () . . . . . . . . . . 56
\dotsint ( ) . . . . . . . . 42
\dotsint () . . . . . . . . 44
\dotsm ( ) . . . . . . . . . . 111
\dotsm () . . . . . . . . . . . 112
\dotsminusdots () . . . . 53
\dotsminusdots () . . . . 56
\dotso (. . .) . . . . . . . . . . 111
251
dotted arrows . . . . . . . . . 109
. . . . . . . 224
dotted union ()
\dottedcircle () . . . . . 138
\dottedsquare () . . . . . 138
.. . . . . . . 22
\dottedtilde (a)
\dottimes () . . . . . . . . 30
\dottimes () . . . . . . . . . 32
\dottimes () . . . . . . . . . 32
\dottimes () . . . . . . . . . 33
\double . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101
double acute (a) . see accents
\doublebar (") . . . . . . . . 151
\doublebarvee () . . . . . 33
\doublebarwedge (Z) . . . 30
\doublebarwedge ([) . . . 29
\doublebarwedge () . . . . 32
\doublebarwedge () . . . 32
\doublebarwedge () . . . . 33
\doublecap . . . . . . . see \Cap
\doublecap (\) . . . . . . . . 30
\doublecap () . . . . . . . 32
\doublecap () . . . . . . . . 31
\doublecap () . . . . . . . . 33
\doublecovbond () . . . 129
\doublecross (%) . . . . . . 151
\doublecup . . . . . . . see \Cup
\doublecup (]) . . . . . . . . 30
\doublecup () . . . . . . . 32
\doublecup () . . . . . . . . 31
\doublecup () . . . . . . . . 33
\doublecurlyvee (7) . . . 31
\doublecurlywedge (6) . . 31
\doubledot (:) . . . . . . . . 151
\doubleeye (:) . . . . . . . . 151
\doublefrown () . . . . . . 87
\doublefrowneq (%) . . . . . 87
\doublepawns (d) . . . . . . 174
\doubleplus (,) . . . . . . . 151
\doubleplus () . . . . . . . 33
\doublesharp ( ) . . . . . . . 156
\doublesmile () . . . . . . 87
\doublesmileeq ($) . . . . . 87
\doublesqcap () . . . . . . 32
\doublesqcap () . . . . . . 31
\doublesqcup () . . . . . . 32
\doublesqcup () . . . . . . 30
\doublestar (%) . . . . . . . 151
y
\doublethumb () . . . . . . . 153
\doubletilde ( a) . . . . . . 22
\doublevee () . . . . . 31, 32
\doublevee () . . . . . . . . 30
\doublewedge () . . . . 31, 32
\doublewedge () . . . . . . 30
\DOWNarrow (L) . . . . . . . . 169
\Downarrow () . . . . . . 70, 96
\Downarrow () . . . . . . . . 76
\Downarrow ( ) . . . . . . . 98
\Downarrow () . . . . . . . . 72
\Downarrow () . . . . . . . . 82
\Downarrow ( ) . . . . . . . 100
\downarrow . .. . . . . . . . . 224
\downarrow () . . . . . . 70, 96 \downpitchfork () . . . . . 86

\drumclef ( M ) . . . . . . . 154


\downpropto () . . . . . . . 51

\downarrow ( ) . . . . . . . 98 \downrcurvearrow () . . . 77 \drWalley ( ) . . . . . . . . 184
\downarrow () . . . . . . . . 76 \downrightcurvedarrow () . \DS (SS) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 154
\downarrow () . . . . . . . . 72 . . . . . . . . 77 \Ds (ss) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 154
\downarrow () . . . . . . . . 85 \downrightcurvedarrow () .


. . . . . . . . 82 ?
\ds () . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 153
\downarrow (

) . . . . . . . 100 \downrsquigarrow () . . . 77 \dSadey ( ) . . . . . . . . . . 184
\downarrow () . . . . . . . . 82 \downrsquigarrow () . . . 72 \dsaeronautical (a) . . . 177
\downarrowbar () . . . . . 82 \dsagricultural (G) . . . 177
\downslice () . . . . . . . . 35
\downarrowbarred () . . . 82 \dsarchitectural (A) . . 177
\downspoon () . . . . . . . . 87
\downarrowtail (#) . . . . . 76 \dsbiological (B) . . . . . 177
\downspoon () . . . . . . . . 86
\downarrowtail (#) . . . . . 72 \DSC (2) . . . . . . . . . . . . 124
\downt (m) . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
\downAssert () . . . . . . . 53 \dschemical (C) . . . . . . . 177
\downtherefore () . . . . 111
\downassert () . . . . . . . 53 \dscommercial (c) . . . . . 177
\downtherefore () . 30, 111
\downbkarrow () . . . . . . 76 \downtouparrow () . . . . 71 \dsdtstile ( ) . . . .... 58
\downblackarrow (0) . . . . 80 \downtouparrow () . . . . 80 \dSey ( ) . . . . . . . . .... 184
\downblackspoon (o) . . . . 87 dsfont (package) . . . 119, 231
\downtriangleleftblack ()

\downbow () . . . . . . . . . . . 153 . . . . . . . 137
\dsheraldical (H) .
\dsjuridical (J) . .
....
....
177
177
\downbracketfill . . . . . . 220 \downtrianglerightblack
\downdasharrow (#) . . . . . 80 () . . . . . . . . . . . 137
\dsliterary (L) . . . .... 177
\downdasharrow () . . . . . 82 \dsmathematical (M) .... 177
\downuparrows () . . . . . 71
\downdownarrows () . . . 71 \dsmedical (m) . . . . .... 177
\downuparrows () . . . . . 76
\downdownarrows () . . . 70 \dSmiley ( ) . . . . . .... 184
\downuparrows () . . . . . 72
\downdownarrows () . . . 80 \dsmilitary (X) . . . .... 177
\downuparrows () . . . . . 82
\downdownarrows () . . . 76 \dsol () . . . . . . . . .... 33
\downupcurvearrow () . . 77 \dsrailways (R) . . . .... 177
\downdownarrows () . . . 72
\downupharpoons () . . . . 72
\downdownarrows () . . . 82 \dsststile ( ) . . . . . . . 58
\downupharpoons () . . . 79
\downdownharpoons () . . 72 \dstechnical (T) . . . . . . 177
\downupharpoons () . . . . 75
Downes, Michael J. . . 89, 233 \dststile ( ) ........ 58
\downupharpoonsleftright
\downfilledspoon (s) . . . 86 \dsttstile ( ) ...... 58
() . . . . . . . . . . . . 79
\downfishtail () . . . . . 56 \dsub () . . . . . . . . . . . 37
\downupharpoonsleftright
\downfootline ({) . . . . . . 51
() . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84 \dtdtstile ( ) ....... 58
\downfree () . . . . . . . . . 51
\downupsquigarrow () . . 77
\downharpoonccw () . . . . 75 \dtimes () . . . . . . . . 31, 32
\downVDash () . . . . . . . . 53
\downharpooncw () . . . . . 75 \dtimes (_) . . . . . . . . . . 33
\downVdash () . . . . . . . . 53
\downharpoonleft () . . . 72 \dtimes (") . . . . . . . . . . 30
\downVdash () . . . . . . . . 51
\downharpoonleft () . . . 70 \dTongey ( ) . . . . . . . . . 184
\downvDash () . . . . . . . . 53
\downharpoonleft () . . . 81 \dtststile ( ) ....... 58
\downvdash () . . . . . . . . 53
\downharpoonleft () . . . 79
\downvdash () . . . . . . . . 51 \dttstile ( ) ........ 58
\downharpoonleft () . . . 84
\downwavearrow () . . . . . 76
\downharpoonleftbar () 84 \dtttstile ( ) ...... 58
\downwhitearrow (%) . . . . 80
\downharpoonright () . . 72
\downwhitearrow () . . . . 82 \DU () . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125
\downharpoonright () . . 70
\downY (/) . . . . . . . . . . . 31 \dualmap () . . . . . . . . . 87
\downharpoonright () . . 81
\downY (+) . . . . . . . . . . . 30 \dualmap () . . . . . . . . . 56
\downharpoonright () . . 79
\downharpoonright () . . 84 \downzigzagarrow () . . . 80
\duevolte () . . . . . . . . . .
N 153
\downharpoonrightbar () 84 \downzigzagarrow () . . . 77
duodecimal (base 12)
\downharpoonsleftright () . \downzigzagarrow () . . . 82
numerals . . . . . . . . . 113
. . . . . . . . 84 Doyle, Sir Arthur Conan . 205
tally markers . . . . . . 173
\downlcurvearrow () . . . 77 dozenal (package) 113, 173, 231
DVI . . . . . . . . . 27, 125, 221
\downleftcurvedarrow () 77 dozenal (base 12)
.dvi files . . . . . . . . . . . . 228
\downlsquigarrow () . . . 77 numerals . . . . . . . . . 113 \dVomey ( ) . . . . . . . . . 184
\downlsquigarrow () . . . 72 tally markers . . . . . . 173 \dWalley ( ) . . . . . . . . . 184
\Downmapsto (/) . . . . . . . 76 \dprime () . . . . . . . . . . 114 \dWinkey ( ) . . . . . . . . . 184
\downmapsto () . . . . . . . 76 %) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125
\DQ (
\dXey ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . 184
\downmapsto () . . . . . . . 72 \dracma () . . . . . . . . . . . 26 \dz () . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
\downModels () . . . . . . . 51 \draftingarrow () . . . . 82
\downmodels () . . . . . . . 53 \drbkarow () . . . . . . . 82 E
\downmodels () . . . . . . . 51 \Dreizack ( ) . . . . . . . . . . 184 E (E) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 151
\downp (u) . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 \droang ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . 103 e (esvect package option) . 106
\downparenthfill . . . . . . 220 \drsh () . . . . . . . . . . . . 71 \e (e ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94
\downpitchfork (w) . . . . 88 \drsh () . . . . . . . . . . . . 80 \e (E) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113

252
e (e) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 151 \emf (E ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122 \EOFold () . . . . . . . . 149
-TEX . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96 \emf (E) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122 \EOGod () . . . . . . . . . 149
\Earth (C) . . . . . . . . . . . 123 \emf (E) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122
\Earth () . . . . . . . . . . . 122 \EOGoUp () . . . . . . . . 149
\emf () . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122
\Earth () . . . . . . . . . . . 124 \emgma (M) . . . . . . . . . . . 19 \EOgovernor () . . . . . 149
\earth () . . . . . . . . . . . 122 Emmentaler (font) . . . . . . 157 \EOGuise (z) . . . . . . . . 149
\eastcross () . . . . . . . . 133 emoticons . . . . . . . . . . . . 184
\EastPoint () . . . . . . . 124
\Ecommerce () . . . . . . . 25


\empty ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . 176
\EOHallow ()
\EOi ( ) ....
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
149
150
empty set . . . . . . . . 114117
\eggbeater ( ) . . . . . . . . 184 \EOii (
) . . . . . . . . . . 150
\emptyset () . . . . . . . . . 115
\egsdot () . . . . . . . . . . 66 \EOiii () . . . . . . . . . 150
Z
\EightAsterisk ( ) . . . . 135
\emptyset () . . . . . . . . 116
\EOiv () . . . . . . . . . . 150
S
\emptyset () . . . . . . . . . 116
\EOix () . . . . . . . . . . 150
\EightFlowerPetal ( ) . 135 \emptyset () . . . . . . . . . 114
\emptysetoarr () . . . . . 114 \EOja (V) . . . . . . . . . . 149
Y
\EightFlowerPetalRemoved
( ) . . . . . . . . . . . 135 \emptysetoarrl () . . . . 114
eighth note . . . . . see musical \emptysetobar () . . . . . 114 \EOjaguar () . . . . . . 149
symbols \emptysetocirc () . . . . 114 \EOje (U) . . . . . . . . . . 149
\eighthNote ( ) . . . . . . . 155 \EN () . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125
\enclosecircle () . . . . . 137 \EOJI (-) . . . . . . . . . . . 149
\eighthnote () . . . . . . . 152
\EOji (T) . . . . . . . . . . 149
\eighthnote () . . . . . . . 152 \enclosediamond () . . . . . 137
\eighthnote () . . . . . . . 152 \enclosesquare () . . . . . 137 \EOjo (Y) . . . . . . . . . . 149

\eighthNoteDotted (
) . 155 \enclosetriangle () . . . . 137 \EOju (X) . . . . . . . . . . 149
\eighthNoteDottedDouble
\End ( End ) . . . . . . . . . . 125
\EOkak (m) . . . . . . . . 149
(
) . . . . . . . . . . . 155 end of proof . . . . . . . . . . 115 \EOke (D) . . . . . . . . . . 149
\eighthNoteDottedDoubleDown \ending (L) . . . . . . . . . . 174


(  ) . . . . . . . . . . . 155 \eng (8) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 \EOki (C) . . . . . . . . . . 149


\eighthNoteDottedDown (  ) . engineering symbols . 117, 121,
. . . . . . . 155 \EOkij () . . . . . . . . . 149
127
\eighthNoteDown (  ) . . . . 155
H
\engma (n) . . . . . . . . . . . 19
\enleadertwodots () . . . 112 \EOKing () . . . . . . . . . 149
\EightStar ( ) . . . . . . . 135
I
\EightStarBold ( ) . . . . 135 \ENQ () . . . . . . . . . . . . . 126 \EOknottedCloth () . . 149
F
\EightStarConvex ( ) . . 135
entails . . . . . . . . see \models \EOknottedClothStraps ()

E
\EightStarTaper ( ) . . . 135
\Enter ( Enter ) . . . . . . . 125
enumerate . . . . . . . . . . . . 173
. . . . . . . 150
\EOko (H) . . . . . . . . . . 150
\ejective (e) . . . . . . . . . 19
electrical impulse . . . . . . . 121

electrical symbols . . . . . . 121
electromotive force . . . . . 122
\electron () . . . . . . . . 129
element of . . . . . . . . . see \in
elements . . . . . . . . . . . . . 124
\elinters () . . . . . . . . 117
\ell () . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93
\ell () . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94
b
\Ellipse ( ) . . . . . . . . . 139
ellipses (dots) 14, 15, 110112,
115, 218
ellipses (ovals) . 139, 140, 162
166, 191192, 197, 207
e
208
\EllipseShadow ( ) . . . . 139
c
\EllipseSolid ( ) . . . . . 139
\elsdot () . . . . . . . . . . 66
\EM () . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 126
\Email (k) . . . . . . . . . . . 126
\EmailCT (z) . . . . . . . . . 126
emf (package) . . 122, 231, 232
\emf (E) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122
\emf (E) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122
\emf E( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122
\emf (E) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122
\emf () . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122
\Envelope ( ) . . . . . . . . . 141 \EOku (G) . . . . . . . . . . 150
\EOkuu (E) . . . . . . . . . 150
envelopes . . . . . . . . 141, 180
\enya (N) . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
\EOLetBlood () . . . . . 150
\EOafter () . . . . . . . . 148
\EOloinCloth () . . . . 150
\EOandThen () . . . . . . 148
\EOlongLipII () . . . . 150
\EOAppear () . . . . . . . 148
\EOLord () . . . . . . . . 150
\EOBeardMask (t) . . . . 148
\EOLose () . . . . . . . . 150
\EOBedeck () . . . . . . . 148
\EOBlood (u) . . . . . . . . 149
\EOma (]) . . . . . . . . . . 150
\EOmacaw () . . . . . . . . 150
\EObrace () . . . . . . . . 149 \EOmacawI () . . . . . . . 150
\EObuilding () . . . . . 149 \EOme ([) . . . . . . . . . . 150
\EOBundle (v) . . . . . . 149 \EOmexNew () . . . . . . . 150
\EOChop (w) . . . . . . . . 149 \EOmi (Z) . . . . . . . . . . 150
\EOMiddle () . . . . . . . 148
\EOChronI () . . . . . . 149
\EOCloth (x) . . . . . . . . 149
\EOmonster () . . . . . 148
\EODealWith (r) . . . . . 149 \EOMountain () . . . . . 148
\EOmuu (\) . . . .. . . . . 148
\EODeer () . . . . . . . . 149
\EOna (b) . . . . .. . . . . 148
\EOeat () . . . . . . . . . 149
\EOne () . . . . . . . . . . 149
\EOflint () . . . . . . . 149 \EOni (^) . . . . . . . . . . 149
\EOflower () . . . . . . . 149 \EOnow () . . . . . . . . . . 149
253
\EOnu (c) . . . . . . . . . . . 149 \EOStarWarrior () . . 148 \EOwe (e) . . . . . . . . . . 150
\EOnuu (a) . . . . . . . . . 149 \EOwi (d) . . . . . . . . . . 150
\EOstarWarrior () . . 150
\EOstep () . . . . . . . . . 148 \EOwo (i) . . . . . . . . . . 150
\EOofficerI ({) . . . . . . 149
\EOSu (M) . . . . . . . . . . 148 \EOwuu (f) . . . . . . . . . 150
\EOsu (S) . . . . . . . . . . 148 \EOx () . . . . . . . . . . . 150
\EOofficerII (|) . . . . . 149
\EOsun () . . . . . . . . . 148 \EOxi () . . . . . . . . . . 150
\EOofficerIII (}) . . . . 149 \EOSuu (K) . . . . . . . . . 149 \EOxii () . . . . . . . . . 150

\EOsuu (Q) . . . . . . . . . . 149 \EOxiii () . . . . . . . . 150

\EOofficerIV (~) . . . . 149
\EOT () . . . . . . . . . . . . . 126
\EOpa (3) . . . . . . . . . . 149
\EOpak (n) . . . . . . . . . 149 \EOta (:) . . . . . . . . . . 149
\EOte (8) . . . . . . . . . . 149
\EOPatron () . . . . . . 149
\EOthrone () . . . . . . 149
\EOPatronII () . . . . . . 149
\EOti (7) . . . . . . . . . . 149
\EOpe (1) . . . . . . . . . . 149
\EOpenis () . . . . . . . . 149 \EOTime () . . . . . . . . . 149
\EOpi (0) . . . . . . . . . . 149 \EOtime () . . . . . . . . 149
\EOTitle () . . . . . . . . 149
\EOPierce () . . . . . . . 149
\EOPlant () . . . . . . . . 149 \EOTitleII () . . . . . . 149
\EOPlay () . . . . . . . . 149 \EOTitleIV () . . . . . . 149
\EOto (<) . . . . . . . . . . 149
\EOpo (6) . . . . . . . . . . 149
\EOpriest () . . . . . . . 149 \EOtu (;) . . . . . . . . . . 149
\EOPrince () . . . . . . . 149 \EOtuki () . . . . . . . . . 149
\EOpu (5) . . . . . . . . . . 149 \EOtukpa () . . . . . . . 149
\EOpuu (2) . . . . . . . . . 149
\EOturtle () . . . . . . 149
\EOpuuk (o) . . . . . . . . 149 \EOtuu (9) . . . . . . . . . 149
\EORain () . . . . . . . . 149 \EOtza (@) . . . . . . . . . . 149
\EOSa (L) . . . . . . . . . . 149 \EOtze (>) . . . . . . . . . 149
\EOtzetze () . . . . . . 149
\EOsa (R) . . . . . . . . . . 149
\EOtzi (=) . . . . . . . . . 149
\EOsacrifice () . . . . 149
\EOtzu (B) . . . . . . . . . . 149
\EOSaw (y) . . . . . . . . . 149
\EOtzuu (?) . . . . . . . . 149
\EOScorpius (q) . . . . . 149
\EOundef () . . . . . . . . 149
\EOv () . . . . . . . . . . . 150
\EOset () . . . . . . . . . . 150
\EOSi (I) . . . . . . . . . . 150 \EOvarBeardMask () . . 149
\EOsi (O) . . . . . . . . . . 150 \EOvarja (W) . . . . . . . 149
\EOsing () . . . . . . . . 150
\EOvarji (.) . . . . . . . . 149
\EOSini () . . . . . . . . 150
\EOskin () . . . . . . . . 150 \EOvarki (/) . . . . .
\EOvarkuu (F) . . . .
\EOSky () . . . . . . . . . 150 \EOvarni (_) . . . . . .
\EOvarpa (4) . . . . .
\EOskyAnimal () . . . . 150
\EOvarSi (J) . . . . .
\EOskyPillar () . . . . 150 \EOvarsi (P) . . . . .
\EOvartza (A) . . . .
\EOsnake () . . . . . . 150 \EOvarwuu (g) . . . . .
\EOSo (N) . . . . . . . . . . 150 \EOvarYear () . . . .
\EOSpan (,) . . . . . . . . . 150 \EOvi () . . . . . . . .
\EOvii () . . . . . . .
\EOSprinkle () . . . . . 150 \EOviii () . . . . . .
\EOstar () . . . . . . . . . 150 \EOwa (h) . . . . . . . .
\EOxiv () . . . . . . . . . 150
\EOxix () . . . . . . . . . 150
\EOxv () . . . . . . . . . . 150
\EOxvi () . . . . . . . . . 150
\EOxvii () . . . . . . . . 150
\EOxviii () . . . . . . . 150
\EOxx () . . . . . . . . . . 150
\EOya (l) . . . . . . . . . . . 150
\EOyaj (p) . . . . . . . . . 150
\EOye (j) . . . . . . . . . . 150
\EOYear (s) . . . . . . . . 150
\EOyuu (k) . . . . . . . . . 150
\EOzero () . . . . . . . . 150
\EP () . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125
\eparsl () . . . . . . . . . . 56
Epi-Olmec script . . . 148150
epiolmec (package) . . 148, 150,
231, 232
epsdice (package) . . . 172, 231
\epsdice ( ) . . . 172
\epsi (") . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
\Epsilon (E) . . . . . . . . . 90
\epsilon () . . . . . . . . . . 90
\epsilonup () . . . . . . . . 91
\eqbump () . . . . . . . . . . . 51
\eqbumped () . . . . . . . . 50
\eqbumped () . . . . . . . . . 55
\eqcirc (ff) . . . . . . . . . . 50
\eqcirc (P) . . . . . . . . . . 48
\eqcirc () . . . . . . . . . . 55
\eqcirc () . . . . . . . . . . 53
\eqcirc () . . . . . . . . . . . 51
\eqcirc () . . . . . . . . . . 56
\Eqcolon (I) . . . . . . . . . 49
\Eqcolon (::) . . . . . . . . . 57
\eqcolon () . . . . . . . . . 50
. . 149
\eqcolon (:) . . . . . . . . . 57
. . 149
\eqcolon (E) . . . . . . . . . 49
. . 149
\eqcolon () . . . . . . . . . 53
. . 149
\eqcolon () . . . . . . . . . 56
. . 150 \eqdef () . . . . . . . . . . . 56
. . 150 \eqdot () . . . . . . . . . . . 53
. . 150 \eqdot () . . . . . . . . . . . 51
. . 150 \eqdot () . . . . . . . . . . . 56
. 150 \eqeq () . . . . . . . . . . . . 57
. . 150 \eqeqeq () . . . . . . . . . 57
. . 150 \eqfrown (#) . . . . . . . . . . 87
. . 150 \eqgtr () . . . . . . . . . . . 66
. . 150 \eqleftrightarrow () . 80

254
\eqless () . . . . . . . . . . 66
\Eqqcolon (G) . . . . . . . . 49
\Eqqcolon (=::) . . . . . . . . 57
\eqqcolon (=:) . . . . . . . . 57
\eqqcolon (C) . . . . . . . . 49
\eqqcolon () . . . . . . . . 53
\eqqgtr () . . . . . . . . . . 66
\eqqless () . . . . . . . . . 66
\eqqplus () . . . . . . . . . 33
\eqqsim () . . . . . . . . . . 57
\eqqslantgtr () . . . . . . 66
\eqqslantless () . . . . . 66
\eqsim (h) . . . . . . . . . . . 49
\eqsim () . . . . . . . . . . . 55
\eqsim () . . . . . . . . . . . 53
\eqsim () . . . . . . . . . . . 51
\eqsim () . . . . . . . . . . . 57
\eqslantgtr () . . . . . . . 63
\eqslantgtr (1) . . . . . . . 62
\eqslantgtr () . . . . . . . 66
\eqslantgtr () . . . . . . . 65
\eqslantgtr () . . . . . . . 64
\eqslantgtr () . . . . . . . 66
\eqslantless () . . . . . . 63
\eqslantless (0) . . . . . . 62
\eqslantless () . . . . . . 66
\eqslantless () . . . . . . 65
\eqslantless () . . . . . . 64
\eqslantless () . . . . . . 66
\eqsmile (") . . . . . . . . . . 87
\equal (=) . . . . . . . . . . . 53
\equal (=) . . . . . . . . . . . 51
\equal (j) . . . . . . . . . . . 174
\equalclosed () . . . . . . 51
\equalleftarrow () . . . 82
\equalparallel () . . . . 55
\equalparallel () . . . . 57
\equalrightarrow () . . 82
\equalscolon (=:) . . . . . 59
\equalscoloncolon (=::) . 59
\equalsfill . . . . . . . 28, 219
equidecomposable . . . . . . 215
equilibrium . . . . . . . . . . . see
\rightleftharpoons
\Equiv () . . . . . . . . . . . 57
\equiv () . . . . . . . . . 28, 48
) 131
\equiv () . . . . . . . . . . . 53
\equiv () . . . . . . . . . . . 51
\equiv () . . . . . . . . . . . 57
\Equivalence (?) . . . . . . 113
equivalence . . . . . see \equiv,
\leftrightarrow, and
\threesim
\equivclosed () . . . . . . 51
\equivDD () . . . . . . . . . 57
\equivVert () . . . . . . . . 57
\equivVvert () . . . . . . . 57
\eqvparsl () . . . . . . . . . 56
\er () . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
\Eros (@) . . . . . . . . . . . . 124
\errbarblackcircle () . 137
\errbarblackdiamond () 137
\errbarblacksquare () . 137
\errbarcircle () . . . . . 137
\errbardiamond () . . . . 137
\errbarsquare () . . . . . 137
\errorsym () . . . . . . . . 129
es-zet . . . . . . . . . . . . see \ss
\ESC () . . . . . . . . . . . . . 126
\Esc ( Esc ) . . . . . . . . . . 125
escapable characters . . . . 14
\esh (s) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
\esh (M) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
esint (package) . . . . . . 42, 231
esrelation (package) . 86, 109,
231
\Estatically (J) . . . . . . 127
estimated see \textestimated
\Estonia () . . . . . . . . . . 182
esvect (package) . . . . 106, 231
\Eta (H) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90
\eta () . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90
\etameson () . . . . . . . . . 129
\etamesonprime () . . . . 129
\etaup () . . . . . . . . . . . 91
\ETB () . . . . . . . . . . . . . 126
\eth () . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115
\eth (d) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
\eth () . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117
\eth () . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
\ETX () . . . . . . . . . . . . . 126
eufrak (package) . . . . . . . 119
Euler Roman . . . . . . . . . . 91
\Eulerconst () . . . . . . . 94
\EUR (e ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
\EURcr (d) . . . . . . . . . . . 25
\EURdig (D) . . . . . . . . . . 25
\EURhv (c) . . . . . . . . . . . 25
\Euro ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
\euro . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
euro signs . . . . . . . . . . 25, 26
blackboard bold . . . . 120
\eurologo (() . . . . . . . . . 26
European countries . . . . . 181
eurosym (package) . . . 26, 231
\EURtm (e) . . . . . . . . . . . 25
euscript (package) . . 119, 231
evaluated at . . . . . see \vert
evil spirits . . . . . . . . . . . . 179
\exciton () . . . . . . . . 129
\Exclam () . . . . . . . . . . . 117
exclusive disjunction . . . . . . .
. see \nleftrightarrow
\nequiv, and \oplus
exclusive or . . . . . . . . . . . 214
\exists (D) . . . . . . . . . . . 93
\exists () . . . . . . . . . . . 93
\exists () . . . . . . . . . . 94
\exists () . . . . . . . . . . . 93
\exists () . . . . . . . . . . . 94
\exp (exp) . . . . . . . . . . . 89
\experimentalsym () . . 128
\Explosionsafe (`) . . . . 127
extarrows (package) . 108, 231
extensible accents . . 104107,
110, 219220
255
extensible arrows . . . 104109
extensible braces . . . 104107
extensible symbols, creating . .
. . . . . . 219220
extensible tildes . . . . 104, 107
extension characters . . 88, 89
\externalsym () . . . . . . 128
extpfeil (package) . . . 109, 231
extraipa (package) . . . 22, 231
\eye (.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 151
\eye ( E ) . . . . . . . . . . . 141
\EyesDollar () . . . . . . . 25
F
F (F) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 151
f (esvect package option) . 106
\f (a) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
f (f) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 151
\fa () . . . . . . . . . . . . . 186
\faAdjust () . . . . . . . . 186
\faAdn () . . . . . . . . . . . 186
\faAlignCenter () . . . . 186
\faAlignJustify () . . . 186
\faAlignLeft () . . . . . . 186
\faAlignRight () . . . . . 186
\faAmazon () . . . . . . . . 186
\faAmbulance () . . . . . 186
\faAnchor () . . . . . . . . 186
\faAndroid () . . . . . . . . 186
\faAngellist (h) . . . . . . 186
\faAngleDoubleDown () . 186
\faAngleDoubleLeft () . 186
\faAngleDoubleRight () 186
\faAngleDoubleUp () . . . 186
\faAngleDown () . . . . . . 186
\faAngleLeft () . . . . . . . 186
\faAngleRight () . . . . . . 186
\faAngleUp () . . . . . . . . 186
\faApple () . . . . . . . . . 186
\faArchive () . . . . . . . 186
\faAreaChart (^) . . . . . 186
\faArrowCircleDown () . 131
\faArrowCircleLeft () . 131
\faArrowCircleODown (H) 131
\faArrowCircleOLeft () 131
\faArrowCircleORight (
\faArrowCircleOUp (d) . . 131
\faArrowCircleRight () 131
\faArrowCircleUp () . . 131
\faArrowDown () . . . . . . 131
\faArrowLeft () . . . . . . 131
\faArrowRight () . . . . . 131
\faArrows () . . . . . . . . 131
\faArrowsAlt () . . . . . . 131
\faArrowsH () . . . . . . . 131
\faArrowsV () . . . . . . . . 131
\faArrowUp () . . . . . . . 131
\faAsterisk (*) . . . . . . . 186
\faAt ([) . . . . . . . . . . . . 186
\faAutomobile ()) . . . . 189
\faBackward () . . . . . . . 186
\faBalanceScale () . . . 186
\faBan () . . . . . . . . . . . 186
\faBank () . . . . . . . . . .
\faBarChart (|) . . . . . .
\faBarChartO (|) . . . . .
\faBarcode ( ) . . . . . . .
\faBars () . . . . . . . . . .
\faBattery0 () . . . . . .
\faBattery1 () . . . . . .
\faBattery2 () . . . . . .
\faBattery3 () . . . . . .
\faBattery4 () . . . . . .
\faBatteryEmpty () . . .
\faBatteryFull () . . .
\faBatteryHalf () . . .
\faBatteryQuarter () .
\faBatteryThreeQuarters
() . . . . . . . . . . .
\faBed () . . . . . . . . . .
\faBeer () . . . . . . . . . .
\faBehance ($) . . . . . . .
\faBehanceSquare (%) . .
\faBell () . . . . . . . . . .
\faBellO () . . . . . . . . .
\faBellSlash (W) . . . . .
\faBellSlashO (X) . . . .
\faBicycle (e) . . . . . . .
\faBinoculars (I) . . . . .
\faBirthdayCake (]) . . .
\faBitbucket ([) . . . . . .
\faBitbucketSquare () .
189 \faCaretSquareORight () 187 \faConnectdevelop (m) . 188
186 \faCaretSquareOUp (5) . . 187 \faContao () . . . . . . . . 188
189 \faCaretUp () . . . . . . . . 187 \Facontent ( ) . . . . . 113
186 \faCartArrowDown (t) . . 187 \faCopy (<) . . . . . . . . . . 189
186 \faCartPlus (s) . . . . . . . 187 \faCopyright (Z) . . . . . . 26
189 \faCc (i) . . . . . . . . . . . 187 \faCreativeCommons () 26
189 \faCcAmex (_) . . . . . . . . 187 \faCreditCard (=) . . . . . 188
189 \faCcDinersClub () . . . 187 \faCrop (>) . . . . . . . . . . 188
189 \faCcDiscover (T) . . . . 187 \faCrosshairs () . . . . . 188
189 \faCcJcb () . . . . . . . . 187 \faCss3 (?) . . . . . . . . . . 188
186 \faCcMastercard (S) . . . 188 \faCube (") . . . . . . . . . . 188
186 \faCcPaypal (U) . . . . . . 188 \faCubes (#) . . . . . . . . 188
186 \faCcStripe (V) . . . . . . 188 \faCut (@) . . . . . . . . . . . 189
186 \faCcVisa () . . . . . . . . 188 \faCutlery () . . . . . . . . 188
\faCertificate () . . . . 188 \faDashboard (A) . . . . . . 189
186 faces . . . . . . . . 117, 126, 142, \faDashcube (a) . . . . . . . 188
187 169, 170, 177, 179, 183 \faDatabase () . . . . . . . 188
187 189, 193195
\faDedent () . . . . . . . . 189
187 \faChain () . . . . . . . . . 189
\faDelicious () . . . . . . 188
187 \faChainBroken (a) . . . . 188
\faDesktop (B) . . . . . . . 188
187 \faCheck () . . . . . . . . . 134
\faDeviantart (-) . . . . . 188
187 \faCheckCircle () . . . . 134
\faDiamond (u) . . . . . . . 188
187 \faCheckCircleO () . . . 134
\faDigg () . . . . . . . . . . 188
187 \faCheckSquare () . . . . 134
\faDollar (f) . . . . . . . . . 25
187 \faCheckSquareO () . . . 134
\faDotCircleO () . . . . . 140
187 \faChevronCircleDown (!) 131
187 \faChevronCircleLeft (") 131 \faDownload (I) . . . . . . . 188
187 \faChevronCircleRight (#) . \faDribbble (J) . . . . . . . 188
187 . . . . . . . 131 \faDropbox (K) . . . . . . . 188
\faBitcoin () . . . . . . . .
\faBlackTie (f) . . . . . . .
\faBold () . . . . . . . . . .
\faBolt () . . . . . . . . . . .
\faBomb (F) . . . . . . . . . .
\faBook () . . . . . . . . . .
\faBookmark ( ) . . . . . . .
\faBookmarkO (
) . . . . . . 187 \faCircle () . . . . . . . . 140
\faBriefcase () . . . . . .
25 \faChevronCircleUp ($) . 131 \faDrupal () . . . . . . . . 188
187 \faChevronDown () . . . . 131 \faEdit (L) . . . . . . . . . . 189
187 \faChevronLeft () . . . . 131 \faEject (N) . . . . . . . . . 188
187 \faChevronRight ( ) . . . 131 \faEllipsisH () . . . . . . 188
187 \faChevronUp (%) . . . . . . 131 \faEllipsisV () . . . . . . . 188
187 \faChild ( ) . . . . . . . . . 188 \faEmpire () . . . . . . . . 188
187 \faChrome () . . . . . . . . 188 \faEnvelope (R) . . . . . . 189
\faEnvelopeO (Q) . . . . . . 189
187 \faCircleO () . . . . . . . 140 \faEnvelopeSquare () . . 189
\faBtc () . . . . . . . . . . . 25 \faCircleONotch (;) . . . 140 \faEraser (
) . . . . . . . . 189
\faBtc () . . . . . . . . . . .
\faBug (
) . . . . . . . . . . . 187
\faBuilding () . . . . . . .
\faBuildingO () . . . . . .
\faBullhorn () . . . . . .
\faBullseye () . . . . . . .
\faBus (f) . . . . . . . . . . .
\faBuysellads (l) . . . . .
\faCab (*) . . . . . . . . . .
\faCalculator (P) . . . . .
\faCalendar () . . . . . . .
\faCalendarCheckO () .
\faCalendarMinusO () .
\faCalendarO () . . . . . .
\faCalendarPlusO () . .
\faCalendarTimesO () .
\faCamera () . . . . . . . .
\faCameraRetro () . . . .
\faCar ()) . . . . . . . . . .
\faCaretDown () . . . . . .
\faCaretLeft () . . . . . . .
\faCaretRight () . . . . . .
\faCaretSquareODown (4)
\faCaretSquareOLeft ()
25 \faCircleThin (A) . . . . . 140
\faClipboard () . . . . . . 188 \faEur (S) . . . . . . . . . . . 25
187 \faClockO (/) . . . . . . . . 188
187 \faClone () . . . . . . . . . 188
187 \faClose () . . . . . . . . . 134
187 \faCloud (,) . . . . . . . . . 188
187 \faCloudDownload (-) . . 188
187 \faCloudUpload (.) . . . . 188
189 \faCny () . . . . . . . . . . . 25
187 \faCode (/) . . . . . . . . . . 188
187 \faCodeFork (0) . . . . . . . 188
187 \faCodepen (8) . . . . . . . 188
187 \faCoffee (1) . . . . . . . . 188
187 \faCog (2) . . . . . . . . . . . 188
187 \faCogs (3) . . . . . . . . . . 188
187 \faColumns (6) . . . . . . . 188
187 \faComment (7) . . . . . . . 188
187 \faCommenting () . . . . . 188
187 \faCommentingO () . . . . 188
187 \faCommentO (8) . . . . . . 188
187 \faComments (9) . . . . . . 188
187 \faCommentsO (:) . . . . . . 188
187 \faCompass () . . . . . . . 188
187 \faCompress () . . . . . . . 188
\faEur (S) . . . . . . . . . . . 25
\faEuro (S) . . . . . . . . . . . 25
\faExchange (T) . . . . . . 189
\faExclamation (U) . . . . . 189
\faExclamationCircle (V) 189
\faExclamationTriangle (o)
. . . . . . . 189
\faExpand () . . . . . . . . 189
\faExpeditedssl () . . . 189
\faExternalLink (W) . . . 189
\faExternalLinkSquare () .
. . . . . . . 189
\faEye (Y) . . . . . . . . . . . 189
\faEyedropper (\) . . . . . 189
\faEyeSlash (X) . . . . . . 189
\faFacebook (g) . . . . . . . 189
\faFacebookF (g) . . . . . . 189
\faFacebookOfficial () 189
\faFacebookSquare (h) . . 189
\faFastBackward (j) . . . 189
\faFastForward (k) . . . . 189
\faFax () . . . . . . . . . . . 189
\faFeed () . . . . . . . . . . 189

256
\faFemale () . . . . . . . . . 186 \faGlobe () . . . . . . . . .
\faFighterJet (m) . . . . . 186 \faGoogle () . . . . . . . .
\faFile (n) . . . . . . . . . . 186 \faGooglePlus (+) . . . .
\faFileArchiveO (3) . . . 186 \faGooglePlusSquare (+)
\faFileAudioO (4) . . . . . 186 \faGoogleWallet (R) . . .
\faFileCodeO (6) . . . . . . 186 \faGraduationCap () . .
\faFileExcelO (0) . . . . . 186 \faGratipay () . . . . . . .
\faFileImageO (2) . . . . . 186 \faGroup () . . . . . . . . .
\faFileMovieO (5) . . . . . 189 \faHackerNews (=) . . . . .
\faFileO (o) . . . . . . . . . 186 \faHandGrabO () . . . . . .
\faFilePdfO () . . . . . . . 186 \faHandLizardO () . . . . 133
\faFilePhotoO (2) . . . . . 189 \faHandODown () . . . . . .
\faFilePictureO (2) . . . 189 \faHandOLeft () . . . . . .
\faFilePowerpointO (1) . 186 \faHandORight () . . . . .
\faFilesO (<) . . . . . . . . 186 \faHandOUp () . . . . . . .
\faFileSoundO (4) . . . . . 189 \faHandPaperO () . . . . .
\faHandPaperO () . . . . .
\faFileText (p) . . . . . . . 186
\faHandPeaceO () . . . . .
\faFileTextO (q) . . . . . . 186
\faHandPointerO () . . .
\faFileVideoO (5) . . . . . 186
\faHandRockO () . . . . . .
\faFileWordO (/) . . . . . . 186
\faHandRockO () . . . . . .
\faFileZipO (3) . . . . . . . 189
\faHandScissorsO () . .
\faFilm (r) . . . . . . . . . . 186
\faHandSpockO () . . . .
\faFilter (s) . . . . . . . . 186
\faHandStopO () . . . . . .
\faFire (t) . . . . . . . . . . 186
\faHddO () . . . . . . . . . .
\faFireExtinguisher (u) 186
\faHeader (B) . . . . . . . .
\faFirefox () . . . . . . . 186
\faHeadphones () . . . . .
\faFlag (v) . . . . . . . . . . 186
\faHeart () . . . . . . . . .
\faFlagCheckered (x) . . 186
\faHeartbeat (z) . . . . . .
\faFlagO (w) . . . . . . . . . 186
\faHeartO () . . . . . . . .
\faFlash () . . . . . . . . . . 189
\faHistory (@) . . . . . . .
\faFlask (
) . . . . . . . . . 186
\faHome () . . . . . . . . . .
\faFlickr (y) . . . . . . . . 186
\faHospitalO () . . . . . .
\faFloppyO () . . . . . . . 186
\faHotel () . . . . . . . . .
\faFolder (z) . . . . . . . . 186
\faHourglass () . . . . . .
\faFolderO ({) . . . . . . . 186
\faHourglassEnd () . . .
\faFolderOpen (|) . . . . . 186
\faHourglassHalf () . .
\faFolderOpenO (}) . . . . 186
\faHourglassO () . . . . .
\faFont (~) . . . . . . . . . . 186
\faHourglassStart () . .
\faFonticons () . . . . . . 186
\faHouzz () . . . . . . . . . .
\faForumbee (n) . . . . . . . 186
\faHSquare (h) . . . . . . .
\faForward () . . . . . . . 186
\faHtml5 () . . . . . . . . .
\faFoursquare () . . . . . 186 \faICursor () . . . . . . . . 187
\faFrownO () . . . . . . . . 187 \faIls (j) . . . . . . . . . . .
\faFutbolO (G) . . . . . . . 187 \faIls (j) . . . . . . . . . . .
\faGamepad () . . . . . . . 187 \faImage () . . . . . . . . . 189
\faGavel () . . . . . . . . . 187 \faInbox () . . . . . . . . . 187
\faGbp () . . . . . . . . . . . 25 \faIndent () . . . . . . . . 187
\faGe () . . . . . . . . . . . . 189 \faIndustry () . . . . . . 187
\faGear (2) . . . . . . . . . . 189 \faInfo ( ) . . . . . . . . . . .
\faGears (3) . . . . . . . . . 189 \faInfoCircle () . . . . .
\faGenderless () . . . . . 127 \faInr () . . . . . . . . . . .
\faGetPocket () . . . . . . 187 \faInr () . . . . . . . . . . .
\faGg (c) . . . . . . . . . . . 187 \faInstagram () . . . . . .
\faGgCircle (d) . . . . . . 187 \faInstitution () . . . .
\faGift () . . . . . . . . . . 187 \faInternetExplorer () 187
\faGit (<) . . . . . . . . . . . 187 \faIntersex (}) . . . . . . .
\faGithub () . . . . . . . . 187 \faIoxhost (g) . . . . . . .
\faGithubAlt () . . . . . . 187 \faItalic () . . . . . . . . . 187
\faGithubSquare () . . . 187 \faJoomla () . . . . . . . .
\faGitSquare () . . . . . . 187 \faJpy () . . . . . . . . . . .
\faGittip () . . . . . . . . 189 \faJpy () . . . . . . . . . . .
\faGlass () . . . . . . . . . 187 \faJsfiddle (9) . . . . . .
257
187 \faKey () . . . . . . . . . . . 187
187 \faKeyboardO () . . . . . 187
187 \faKrw () . . . . . . . . . . . 25
187 \faKrw () . . . . . . . . . . . 25
187 \faLanguage (^) . . . . . . . 188
187 \faLaptop () . . . . . . . . 188
187 \faLastfm (a) . . . . . . . . 188
189 \faLastfmSquare (b) . . . 188
187 \faLeaf () . . . . . . . . . . 188
133 \faLeanpub (b) . . . . . . . 188
\faLegal () . . . . . . . . . 189
133 \faLemonO () . . . . . . . . 188
133 \faLevelDown () . . . . . . 188
133 \faLevelUp () . . . . . . . . 188
133 \faLifeBouy (:) . . . . . . 189
133 \faLifeRing (:) . . . . . . 188
133 \faLifeSaver (:) . . . . . . 189
133 \faLightbulbO () . . . . . 188
133 \faLineChart (`) . . . . . 188
133 \faLink () . . . . . . . . . . 188
\faLinkedin () . . . . . . . 188
133
\faLinkedinSquare () . . 188
133
133 \faLinux () . . . . . . . . . 188
133 \faList () . . . . . . . . . . 188
\faListAlt () . . . . . . . 188
187
\faListOl () . . . . . . . . 188
187
\faListUl (9) . . . . . . . . 188
187
\fallingdotseq () . . . . 50
187
\fallingdotseq (;) . . . . 48
187
\fallingdotseq () . . . . 55
187
\fallingdotseq () . . . . 53
187
\fallingdotseq () . . . . . 51
187
\fallingdotseq () . . . . 56
!
187
\FallingEdge ( ) . . . . . . 121
189
\faLocationArrow () . . 188
187
\faLock () . . . . . . . . . . 188
187
\faLongArrowDown () . . . 131
187
\faLongArrowLeft () . . 131
187
\faLongArrowRight () . 131
187
\faLongArrowUp () . . . . . 131
187
falsum . . . . . . . . . . see \bot
187
187 \faMagic () . . . . . . . . . 188
\faMagnet () . . . . . . . . 188
25 \faMailForward () . . . . 189
25 \faMailReply () . . . . . . 189
\faMailReplyAll () . . . 189
\faMale () . . . . . . . . . . . 188
\faMap () . . . . . . . . . . . 188
\faMapMarker () . . . . . . 188
187 \faMapO () . . . . . . . . . . 188
187 \faMapPin () . . . . . . . . . 188
25 \faMapSigns () . . . . . . 188
25 \faMars ({) . . . . . . 123, 127
187 \faMarsDouble () . . . . . 127
189 \faMarsStroke () . . . . . 127
\faMarsStrokeH () . . . . 127
127 \faMarsStrokeV () . . . . 127
187 \faMaxcdn () . . . . . . . . 188
\faMeanpath (k) . . . . . . . 188
187 \faMedium () . . . . . . . . 188
25 \faMedkit () . . . . . . . . 188
25 \faMehO () . . . . . . . . . . 188
187 \faMercury (|) . . . . . . . . 123
\faMicrophone () . . . . . 188 \faPlayCircle () . . . . . 186 \faShekel (j) . . . . . . . . 25
\faMicrophoneSlash () . 188 \faPlayCircleO () . . . . 186 \faSheqel (j) . . . . . . . . 25
\faMinus () . . . . . . . . . 188 \faPlug (J) . . . . . . . . . . 186 \faShield ( ) . . . . . . . . . 187
\faMinusCircle () . . . . 188 \faPlus (+) . . . . . . . . . . 186 \faShip (v) . . . . . . . . . . 187
\faMinusSquare () . . . . 188 \faPlusCircle (+) . . . . . 186 \faShirtsinbulk (p) . . . 187
\faMinusSquareO () . . . 188 \faPlusSquare (Z) . . . . . 186 \faShoppingCart (
) . . . 187
\faMobile () . . . . . . . . . 188 \faPlusSquareO (+o) . . . . 186 \faSignal () . . . . . . . . 187
\faMobilePhone () . . . . . 189 \faPowerOff () . . . . . . . 186 \faSignIn () . . . . . . . . 187
\faMoney () . . . . . . . . . 188 \faPrint () . . . . . . . . . 186 \faSignOut () . . . . . . . 187
\faMoonO () . . . . . . . . . 123 \faPuzzlePiece () . . . . 186 \faSimplybuilt (q) . . . . 187
\faMortarBoard () . . . 189 \faQq () . . . . . . . . . . . . 186 \faSitemap () . . . . . . . 187
\faMotorcycle (x) . . . . 188 \faQrcode () . . . . . . . . 186 \faSkyatlas (r) . . . . . . 187
\faMousePointer () . . . 188 \faSkype () . . . . . . . . . 187
\Faquant ( ) ..... . . 113
\faMusic () . . . . . . . . . 188 \faSlack () . . . . . . . . . 187
\Faquantn ( ) .... . . 113 \faSliders (D) . . . . . . . 187
\faNavicon () . . . . . . . 189
\Fancontent ( ) . . . . 113 \Faquantnn ( ) ... . . 113 \faSlideshare (K) . . . . . 187
fancy borders . . . . . 196202 \faQuestion (?) . . . . . . . 186 \faSmileO () . . . . . . . . 187
\faNeuter () . . . . . . . . . 127 \faQuestionCircle (?) . . 186 \faSoccerBallO (G) . . . . 189
\faNewspaperO (N) . . . . 188 \faQuoteLeft () . . . . . . 186 \faSort ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . 187
\Fanncontent ( ) . . . 113 \faQuoteRight () . . . . . 186 \faSortAlphaAsc (
) . . . 187
\Fannquant ( ) . . . . . 113 \faRa () . . . . . . . . . . . . 189 \faSortAlphaDesc () . . 187
\faRandom () . . . . . . . . 186 \faSortAmountAsc () . . 187
\Fannquantn ( ) . . . . 113
\faRebel () . . . . . . . . . 186 \faSortAmountDesc () . 187
\Fannquantnn ( ) . . . 113
\faRecycle (() . . . . . . . 186
\Fanoven () . . . . . . . . . 183
\faSortAsc () . . . . . . . . 187
\faReddit (\) . . . . . . . . 186 \faSortDesc () . . . . . . . 187
\Fanquant ( ) . . . . . . 113
\faRedditSquare () . . . 186 \faSortDown () . . . . . . . 189
\Fanquantn ( ) . . . . . 113 \faRefresh () . . . . . . . 186 \faSortNumericAsc (
) . . 187
\Fanquantnn ( ) . . . . 113 \faRegistered () . . . . . 26 \faSortNumericDesc () . 187
\faObjectGroup () . . . . 188 \faRemove () . . . . . . . . 134 \faSortUp () . . . . . . . . . 189
\faObjectUngroup () . . 188 \faRenren () . . . . . . . . 186 \faSoundcloud (.) . . . . 187
\faOdnoklassniki (e) . . . 188 \faReorder () . . . . . . . 189 \faSpaceShuttle () . . . 187
\faOdnoklassnikiSquare () \faRepeat () . . . . . . . . 131 \faSpinner () . . . . . . . 187
. . . . . . . 188 \faRepeat () . . . . . . . . 131 \faSpoon (!) . . . . . . . . . . 187
\faOpencart () . . . . . . 188 \faReply () . . . . . . . . . 186 \faSpotify (,) . . . . . . . 187
\faOpenid () . . . . . . . . 188 \faReplyAll () . . . . . . 186 \faSquare () . . . . . . . . 140
\faOpera () . . . . . . . . . 189 \faRetweet () . . . . . . . 186 \faSquareO () . . . . . . . . 140
\faOptinMonster () . . . 189 \faRmb () . . . . . . . . . . . 25 \faStackExchange () . . . 187
\faOutdent () . . . . . . . 189 \faRoad () . . . . . . . . . . 186 \faStackOverflow () . . 187
\faPagelines ( ) . . . . . . 189 \faRocket () . . . . . . . . 186 \faStar () . . . . . . . . . . 136
\faPaintBrush (`) . . . . . 189 \faRotateLeft (<) . . . . . 131 \faStarHalf () . . . . . . . 136
\faPaperclip () . . . . . . 189 \faRotateRight () . . . . 131 \faStarHalfEmpty () . . 136
\faPaperPlane (>) . . . . . 189 \faRouble () . . . . . . . . . 25 \faStarHalfFull () . . . 136
\faPaperPlaneO (?) . . . . 189 \faRss () . . . . . . . . . . . 186 \faStarHalfO () . . . . . . 136
\faParagraph (C) . . . . . . 189 \faRssSquare () . . . . . . 186 \faStarHalfO () . . . . . . 136
\faPaste () . . . . . . . . . 189 \faRub () . . . . . . . . . . . 25 \faStarO () . . . . . . . . . 136
\faPause () . . . . . . . . . 189 \faRub () . . . . . . . . . . . 25 \faSteam (&) . . . . . . . . . 187
\faPaw () . . . . . . . . . . . 189 \faRuble () . . . . . . . . . 25 \faSteamSquare (') . . . . 187
\faPaypal (Q) . . . . . . . . 189 \faRupee () . . . . . . . . . . 25 \faStepBackward () . . . . 187
\faPencil () . . . . . . . . 132 \faSafari () . . . . . . . . 186 \faStepForward () . . . . . 187
\faPencilSquare (M) . . . 132 \faSave () . . . . . . . . . . 189 \faStethoscope () . . . . 187
\faPencilSquareO (L) . . 132 \faScissors (@) . . . . . . 186 \faStickyNote () . . . . . 187
\faPhone () . . . . . . . . . 189 \faSearch () . . . . . . . . 186 \faStickyNoteO () . . . . 187
\faPhoneSquare () . . . . 189 \faSearchMinus (y) . . . . 186 \faStop () . . . . . . . . . . 187
\faPhoto () . . . . . . . . . 189 \faSearchPlus (x) . . . . . 187 \faStreetView (y) . . . . . 187
\faPictureO () . . . . . . 189 \faSellsy (o) . . . . . . . . 187 \faStrikethrough () . . 187
\faPieChart (_) . . . . . . 189 \faSend (>) . . . . . . . . . . 189 \faStumbleupon (]) . . . . 187
\faPiedPiper () . . . . . 189 \faSendO (?) . . . . . . . . . 189 \faStumbleuponCircle () 187
\faPiedPiperAlt () . . . 189 \faServer () . . . . . . . . 187 \faSubscript () . . . . . . 187
\faPinterest () . . . . . . 189 \faShare () . . . . . . . . . 187 \faSubway () . . . . . . . . 187
\faPinterestP () . . . . . 189 \faShareAlt () . . . . . . . 187 \faSuitcase () . . . . . . 188
\faPinterestSquare () . 189 \faShareAltSquare (E) . . 187 \faSunO () . . . . . . . . . . 123
\faPlane () . . . . . . . . . 186 \faShareSquare () . . . . 187 \faSuperscript ( ) . . . . 188
\faPlay () . . . . . . . . . . 186 \faShareSquareO () . . . 187 \faSupport (:) . . . . . . . 189

258
\faTable (!) . . . . . . . . . 188 \faUndo (<) . . . . . . . . . . 131 \fdiagovrdiag () . . . . . 117
\faTablet (") . . . . . . . . . 188 \faUniversity () . . . . 188 fdsymbol (package) . . . 31, 32,
\faTachometer (A) . . . . . 188 \faUnlink (a) . . . . . . . . 189 35, 43, 44, 53, 54, 61, 65,
\faTag (#) . . . . . . . . . . . 188 \faUnlock (b) . . . . . . . . 188 69, 7680, 87, 88, 92, 94,
\faTags ($) . . . . . . . . . . 188 \faUnlockAlt (c) . . . . . . 188 98, 99, 103, 105, 111, 114,
\faTasks (%) . . . . . . . . . 188 \faUnsorted ( ) . . . . . . . 189 116, 137, 140, 152, 231
\faTaxi (*) . . . . . . . . . . 188 \faUpload (e) . . . . . . . . 188 feet . . . . . . . . see \prime and
\fatbslash ()) . . . . . . . . 29 \faUsd (f) . . . . . . . . . . . 25 \textquotesingle
\fatbslash (?) . . . . . . . . 55 \faUsd (f) . . . . . . . . . . . 25 \FEMALE () . . . . . . . . . . . 127
\faTelevision () . . . . 188 \faUser (g) . . . . . . . . . . 188 \Female (~) . . . . . . . . . . . 127
\faTencentWeibo () . . . 188 \faUserMd (h) . . . . . . . . 188 female . . . . . 18, 122124, 127,
\faTerminal (&) . . . . . . . 188 \faUserPlus () . . . . . . 188 185189, 193195
\faTextHeight (') . . . . . 188 \female () . . . . . . . . . . 127
\faUsers () . . . . . . . . . 188
\faTextWidth (() . . . . . . 188 \female () . . . . . . . . . . . 127
\faUserSecret (w) . . . . . 188
\faTh ()) . . . . . . . . . . . . 188 \FemaleFemale () . . . . . 127
\faUserTimes () . . . . . 188
\faThLarge (*) . . . . . . . 188 \FemaleMale () . . . . . . . 127
\faVenus () . . . . . 123, 127 a.
\faThList (+) . . . . . . . . 188 \faVenusDouble () . . . . 127 \Ferli (a) . . . . . . . . . . . 154
\faThumbsDown () . . . . . 133 \faVenusMars () . . . . . 127 \fermata . . . . . . . . . . . . 159
\faThumbsODown (,) . . . . 133 \faViacoin () . . . . . . . 25 \fermata ( ) . . . . . . . . . 157
\faThumbsOUp (-) . . . . . . 133 \faVideoCamera (i) . . . . 188
Q
\fermatadown () . . . . . . . 153
\faThumbsUp () . . . . . . . 133 \faVimeo () . . . . . . . . . 188 \fermataup () . . . . . . . . . 153
\faThumbTack () . . . . . . 188 \faVimeoSquare (j) . . . . 188 a.
P
\faTicket (.) . . . . . . . . 188 \faVine (7) . . . . . . . . . . 188 \Fermi (a) . . . . . . . . . . . 154
\faTimes () . . . . . . . . . 134 \faVk (k) . . . . . . . . . . . 188 \fermiDistrib () . . . . . 128
\faTimes () . . . . . . . . . 134 \faVolumeDown (l) . . . . . 189 \fermion () . . . . . . . . . 128
\faTimesCircle () . . . . 134 \faVolumeOff (m) . . . . . . 189 fermions . . . . . . . . . 128129
\faTimesCircleO () . . . 134 \faVolumeUp (n) . . . . . . . 189 feyn (package) . . . . . 128, 231
\faTint (0) . . . . . . . . . . . 188 Feynman slashed character no-
\faWarning (o) . . . . . . . 189
\faToggleDown (4) . . . . . 189 tation . . . . . . . . . . 216
\faWechat () . . . . . . . . 189
Feynman-diagram symbols 128
\faToggleLeft () . . . . . 189 \faWeibo (p) . . . . . . . . . 189

\feyn{a} () . . . . . . . . . . . 128
\faToggleOff (c) . . . . . 188 \faWeixin () . . . . . . . . 189

\feyn{c} ( ) . . . . . . . . . 128
\faToggleOn (d) . . . . . . 188 \faWhatsapp () . . . . . . . 189

\feyn{fd} ( ) . . . . . . . . . 128
\faToggleRight () . . . . 189 \faWheelchair () . . . . . 189

\feyn{flS} () . . . . . . . . . 128
\faToggleUp (5) . . . . . . . 189 \faWifi (O) . . . . . . . . . . 189

\feyn{fl} () . . . . . . . . . . 128
\faTrademark () . . . . . 26 \faWikipediaW () . . . . 189

\feyn{fs} ( ) . . . . . . . . . 128
\faTrain () . . . . . . . . . 188 \faWindows (q) . . . . . . . 189

\feyn{fu} ( ) . . . . . . . . . 128

\faTransgender (}) . . . . 127 \faWon () . . . . . . . . . . . 25
\feyn{fv} () . . . . . . . . . . 128
{
\faTransgender (}) . . . . 127 \faWordpress () . . . . . . 189
\faTransgenderAlt (~) . 127 \faWrench (r) . . . . . . . . 189 \feyn{f} ( ) . . . . . . . . . 128
\faTrash (Y) . . . . . . . . . 188 \FAX (u) . . . . . . . . . . . . 126
\feyn{g1} () . . . . . . . . . . 128
\faTrashO (1) . . . . . . . . 188 \fax (t) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 126
\feyn{gd} ( ) . . . . . . . . . 128
\feyn{glB} () . . . . . . . . . 128
\faTree (+) . . . . . . . . . . 188 \faXing (s) . . . . . . . . . . 189
\feyn{glS} () . . . . . . . . . 128
\faTrello (2) . . . . . . . . 188 \faXingSquare (t) . . . . . 189
\feyn{glu} () . . . . . . . . . 128
\faTripadvisor () . . . 188 \Faxmachine (v) . . . . . . 126

\feyn{gl} () . . . . . . . . . . 128
\faTrophy (3) . . . . . . . . 188 \faYahoo () . . . . . . . . . 189

\feyn{gu} () . . . . . . . . . 128
\faTruck (4) . . . . . . . . . 188 \faYc () . . . . . . . . . . . . 189
\faTry ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . 25
\feyn{gvs} () . . . . . . . . . 128
\faYCombinator () . . . . 189
\faTry ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . 25 \faYCombinatorSquare (=) 189
\fatsemi (#) . . . . . . . . . . 29 \faYcSquare (=) . . . . . . . 189 \feyn{gv} () . . . . . . . . . . 128
\fatsemi () . . . . . . . . . . 32 \faYelp (M) . . . . . . . . . . 189 \feyn{g} (}) . . . . . . . . . 128
\fatslash (() . . . . . . . . . 29 \faYen () . . . . . . . . . . . 25 \feyn{hd} (|) . . . . . . . . . 128
\fatslash (>) . . . . . . . . . 55 \faYoutube (u) . . . . . . . 189 \feyn{hs} () . . . . . . . . . 128
\faTty (H) . . . . . . . . . . . 188 \faYoutubePlay (v) . . . . 189 \feyn{hu} () . . . . . . . . . 128
\faTumblr (5) . . . . . . . . . 188 \faYoutubeSquare (w) . . 189 \feyn{h} () . . . . . . . . . 128
\faTumblrSquare (6) . . . 188 \fbowtie () . . . . . . . . . 56 \feyn{ms} () . . . . . . . . . 128
\faTurkishLira ( ) . . . . 25 fc (package) . . . . . . . . 16, 20 \feyn{m} () . . . . . . . . . 128
\faTv () . . . . . . . . . . . 189 \fcdice ( ) . . 172 \feyn{P} () . . . . . . . . . 128
\faTwitch (L) . . . . . . . . 188 fclfont (package) . . . . . . . 231 \feyn{p} () . . . . . . . . . 128
\faTwitter (7) . . . . . . . 188 \fcmp () . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33 \feyn{x} ()S . . . . . . . . . . . 128
\faTwitterSquare (8) . . 188 \Fcontent ( ) . . . . . . 113 \FF () . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 126
\faUmbrella (:) . . . . . . . 188 \fcscore ( ) . . . . 173 fge (package) 85, 94, 103, 113,
\faUnderline (;) . . . . . . 188 .fd files . . . . . . 12, 223, 229 118, 231
\faUndo (<) . . . . . . . . . . 131 \fdiagovnearrow () . . . 82 \fgeA (A) . . . . . . . . . . . . 94

259
\fgebackslash (K) . . . . . . 118
\fgebaracute (M) . . . . . . 118
\fgebarcap (O) . . . . . . . . 118
\fgec (c) . . . . . . . . . . . . 94
\fgecap (S) . . . . . . . . . . 118
\fgecapbar (Q) . . . . . . . . 118
\fgecup (N) . . . . . . . . . . 118
\fgecupacute (R) . . . . . . 118
\fgecupbar (P) . . . . . . . . 118
\fged (p) . . . . . . . . . . . . 94
\fgee (e) . . . . . . . . . . . . 94
\fgeeszett () . . . . . . . . 94
\fgeeta () . . . . . . . . . . 94
\fgeF (F) . . . . . . . . . . . . 94
\fgef (f) . . . . . . . . . . . . 94
\fgeinfty (i) . . . . . . . . 118
\fgelangle (h) . . . . . . . . 118
\fgelb . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94
\fgelb () . . . . . . . . . . . 94
\fgeleftB (D) . . . . . . . . . 94
\fgeleftC (C) . . . . . . . . . 94
\fgeN () . . . . . . . . . . . . 94
\fgeoverU () . . . . . . . . . 94
\fgerightarrow (!) . . . 85
\fgerightB (B) . . . . . . . . 94
\fges (s) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94
\fgestruckone (1) . . . . . . 113
\fgestruckzero (0) . . . . . 113
\fgeU (U) . . . . . . . . . . . . 94
\fgeuparrow (") . . . . . . . 85
\fgeupbracket (L) . . . . . 118
field (F) see alphabets, math
\file (H) . . . . . . . . . . . . 174
file extensions
.dvi . . . . . . . . . . . . 228
.fd . . . . . . 12, 223, 229
.mf . . . . . . 12, 191, 221
.otf . . . . . . . . . . . . 152
.pdf . . . . . . . . . . . . 228
.sty . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
.tex . . . . . . . . 228, 229
.tfm . . 12, 191, 211, 229
file symbols . . . . . . . 186189
\FilledBigCircle ( U) . . 139
\FilledBigDiamondshape ( V)
. . . . . . . 139
\FilledBigSquare ( P) . . 139
S)
\FilledBigTriangleDown (
. . . . . . . 139
\FilledBigTriangleLeft (R)
. . . . . . . 139
\FilledBigTriangleRight (T)
. . . . . . . 139
\FilledBigTriangleUp (Q) . .
. . . . . . . 139
\FilledCircle (e) . . . . . 139
\FilledCloud ( ) . . . . . . 171
\filleddiamond () . . . . . 35
\FilledDiamondShadowA ( ) . finite field (F) . see alphabets,
. . . . . . . 139
\FilledDiamondShadowC (
. . . . . . . 139
\FilledDiamondshape ( ) 139 f

\FilledHut ( ) . . . . . . . . 171
\filledlargestar () . . 136
\filledlozenge () . . . . . 136
\filledmedlozenge () . . 136
\filledmedsquare () . . . 35
\filledmedtriangledown ()
. . . . . . 35, 68
\filledmedtriangleleft ()
. . . . . . 35, 68
\filledmedtriangleright ()
. . . . . . 35, 68
\filledmedtriangleup () 35,
68
!
\FilledRainCloud ( ) . . 171

\FilledSectioningDiamond
( ) . . . . . . . . . . . 171
\FilledSmallCircle ( u) 139
\FilledSmallCircle (u) 139
(v) . . . . . . . . . . . 139
\FilledSmallDiamondshape
\FilledSmallSquare (p) 139
(s) . . . . . . . . . . . 139
\FilledSmallTriangleDown
(r) . . . . . . . . . . . 139
\FilledSmallTriangleLeft
(t) . . . . . . . . . . . 139
\FilledSmallTriangleRight
\FilledSmallTriangleUp (q)
. . . . . . . 139
\FilledSnowCloud ($) . . 171
\FilledSquare (`) . . . . . 139
\filledsquare () . . . . . . 35
\FilledSquareShadowA () . .
. . . . . . . 139
\FilledSquareShadowC () . .
....... 139
\filledsquarewithdots ( ) . C .
. . . . . . . 141
\filledstar () . . . . . . . 35
#)
\FilledSunCloud (
\FilledTriangleDown ( ) 139
. . . 171
c 
\filledtriangledown () 35,
68
\FilledTriangleLeft ( ) 139 b
\filledtriangleleft () 35,
68
\FilledTriangleRight ( ) . . d
. . . . . . . 139
\filledtriangleright () 35,
68
a
\FilledTriangleUp ( ) . 139
\filledtriangleup () 35, 68
\FilledWeakRainCloud ( ) . . "
. . . . . . . 171
finger, pointing . . . . see fists
math
260
) . \Finland () . . . . . . . . . . 182
\finpartvoice (a) . . . . . 22
\finpartvoiceless
>
(a) . . 22
\fint ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
ffl
\fint ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
\fint () . . . . . . . . . . . . 44
\fint () . . . . . . . . . . . . 45
\fintsl () . . . . . . . . . . . 46
\fintup () . . . . . . . . . . . 46
\Finv (F) . . . . . . . . . . . . 93
\Finv (`) . . . . . . . . . . . . 93
\Finv () . . . . . . . . . . . . 94
\Finv () . . . . . . . . . . . . 94
\Finv () . . . . . . . . . . . . 94
\Fire ( ) . . . . . . . . 171, 185
\Fire () . . . . . . . . . . . 124
fish . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 197
fish hook . . . . . see \strictif
\fisheye () . . . . . . . . . 137
fists . . . . . . . . . 132, 133, 191
\fivedots () . . . . . . 30, 111
R
\FiveFlowerOpen ( ) . . . 135
P
\FiveFlowerPetal ( ) . . 135
8
\FiveStar ( ) . . . . . . . . 135
\FiveStarCenterOpen ( ) 135 ;
?
\FiveStarConvex ( ) . . . 135
7
\FiveStarLines ( ) . . . . 135
9
\FiveStarOpen ( ) . . . . . 135
:
\FiveStarOpenCircled ( ) . .
. . . . . . . 135
\FiveStarOpenDotted ( ) 135<
=
\FiveStarOutline ( ) . . 135
>
\FiveStarOutlineHeavy ( ) .
. . . . . . . 135
@
\FiveStarShadow ( ) . . . 135
\Fixedbearing (%) . . . . . 127
.
\fixedddots ( . . ) . . . . . . 110
\fixedvdots (..) . . . . . . . . 110
fixmath (package) . . . . . . 225
\fj (F) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
\FL () . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125
\Flag ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . 171
x
\flageolett () . . . . . . . . 153
flags . . . . . . . . . . . . 185186
\flap (f) . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
\flapr (D) . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
\Flasche ( ) . . . . . . . . . . 184
\flat () . . . . . . . . . . . . 152
\flat () . . . . . . . . . . . . . 152
\flat () . . . . . . . . . . . . 152
\flat ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 156
\flat () . . . . . . . . . . . . . 152
\flat () . . . . . . . . . . . . 152
\flatflat ( ) . . . . . . . . . 156
\Flatsteel () . . . . . . . . 127
fletched arrows . . . . . 85, 130
fleurons . . . . . . . 136, 141, 196
\Florin () . . . . . . . . . . 25
florin . . . . . see \textflorin
flourishes . . . . . . . . 141, 199
\floweroneleft (b) . . . . 136
\floweroneright (c) . . . 136
flowers . . . 135, 136, 185186,
196197
\fltns () . . . . . . . . . . . 137
Flynn, Peter . . . . . . . . . . 215
\FM () . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125
\Fncontent ( ) . . . . . 113
\Fnncontent ( ) . . . . 113
\Fnnquant ( ) . . . . . . 113
\Fnnquantn ( ) . . . . . 113
\Fnnquantnn ( ) . . . . 113
\Fnquant ( ) . . . . . . . 113
\Fnquantn ( ) . . . . . . 113
\Fnquantnn ( ) . . . . . 113
\fnsymbol . . . . . . . . . . . . 173

\Fog ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . 171
font encodings . . . . 12, 1416,
20, 23, 214, 219, 226, 228,
230
7-bit . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
8-bit . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
ASCII . . . . . . . . . . . 230
Cyrillic . . . . . . . . . . 20
document . . . . . 226, 228
Latin 1 . . . . . . . . . . 230
limiting scope of . . . . 12
LY1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
OT1 12, 15, 20, 219, 226,
228
OT2 . . . . . . . . . . . . 214
T1 12, 1416, 20, 226, 228
T2A . . . . . . . . . 20, 214
T2B . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
T2C . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
T4 . . . . . . . . . 16, 20, 23
T5 . . . . . . . . . . . . 16, 20
TS1 . . . . . . . . . 214, 228
U . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 214
X2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
fontawesome (package) . . . . . .
25, 26, 123, 127, 131134,
136, 140, 186, 189, 231,
232
fontdef.dtx (file) . . 215, 218
fontenc (package) . . 12, 15, 16,
20, 226, 228
\fontencoding . . . . . . . . 12
fonts
Calligra . . . . . . . . . . 119
Charter . . . . . . . . 25, 47
Computer Modern . . 85,
211, 213, 226
CountriesOfEurope . . 183
Courier . . . . . . . . . . 25
Emmentaler . . . . . . . 157
Garamond . . . . . . 25, 47
Helvetica . . . . . . . . . 25
pi . . . . . . . . . . . . . 214
Soyombo . . . . . . . . . 180
Symbol . . . . . . . 91, 214
Times Roman . . 25, 213
Type 1 . . . . . . . . . . 223
Utopia . . . . . . . . . 25, 47
Zapf Chancery . . . . . 119
Zapf Dingbats . 130, 134
\fontsize . . . . . . . . 211, 213
fontspec (package) . . 152, 229,
230
\Football (o) . . . . . . . . 170
\forall () . . . . . . . . . . . 93
\forall () . . . . . . . . . . 94
\forall () . . . . . . . . . . 93
\forall () . . . . . . . . . . . 94
\Force (l) . . . . . . . . . . . 127
\Fork () . . . . . . . . . . . . . 183
\forks () . . . . . . . . . . . 57
\forksnot () . . . . . . . . . 56
\forkv () . . . . . . . . . . . 55
\forkv () . . . . . . . . . . . 56
forte ( ) . . . . . . . . . 157, 168
\Fortune (K) . . . . . . . . . 124
\Forward () . . . . . . . . . . 169
\ForwardToEnd () . . . . . 169
\ForwardToIndex () . . 169
1
\FourAsterisk ( ) . . . . . 135
V
\FourClowerOpen ( ) . . . 135
W
\FourClowerSolid ( ) . . 135
\Fourier ( ) . . . . . . . 59
fourier (package) . . . . 26, 59,
91, 95, 101, 106, 133, 136,
170, 231
fourier (emf package option) 122
\fourier ( ) . . . . . . . 59
Fourier transform () . . . see
5
alphabets, math
\FourStar ( ) . . . . . . . . 135
6
\FourStarOpen ( ) . . . . . 135
\fourth (4) . . . . . . . . . . 116
\fourvdots () . . . . . . . . . 112
\Fquantn ( ) . . . . . . . 113
\Fquantnn ( ) . . . . . . 113
\fracslash () . . . . . . . . . 33
fractions . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117
fraktur . see alphabets, math
\France () . . . . . . . . . . 182
frcursive (emf package option) .
. . . . . . . 122
Freemasons cipher . . . . . 179
frege (package) . 113, 231, 232
Frege logic symbols . . 85, 94,
112, 113, 118
Frege, Gottlob . . . . . 112, 113
\frown () . . . . . . . . . . . 48
\frown () . . . . . . . . . . . 55
\frown () . . . . . . . . . 53, 88
\frown () . . . . . . . . . . . 87
\frown () . . . . . . . . . . . 56
frown symbols . . . . . . . 87, 88
\frowneq () . . . . . . . . 53, 88
\frowneq (!) . . . . . . . . . . 87
\frowneqsmile (') . . . . . 87
261
\frownie (/) . . . . . . . . . 169
\frownsmile () . . . . . 53, 88
\frownsmile () . . . . . . . 87
\frownsmileeq ()) . . . . . 87
\Frowny () . . . . . . . . . . 170
frowny faces . . 126, 169, 170,
183189
\fryingpan ( ) . . . . . . 184
\FS () . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 126
\fullmoon (M) . . . . . . . . 123
\fullmoon (#) . . . . . . . . 122
\fullnote () . . . . . . . . . 152
\fullouterjoin () . . . 117
G
\G (a
) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
g (esvect package option) . 106
g (g) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 151
\Game (G) . . . . . . . . . . . . 93
\Game (a) . . . . . . . . . . . . 93
\Game () . . . . . . . . . . . . 94
\Game () . . . . . . . . . . . . 94
\Game () . . . . . . . . . . . . 94
game-related symbols 140, 141,
171, 172, 174176, 186
189, 208210
\Gamma () . . . . . . . . . . . 90
\gamma () . . . . . . . . . . . 90
\gammaup () . . . . . . . . . . 91
\Ganz ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . 154
\GaPa (<) . . . . . . . . . . . . 154
Garamond (font) . . . . . 25, 47
\Gasstove () . . . . . . . . . 183
\gcd (gcd) . . . . . . . . . . . 89
\GD (|) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125
\GE () . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125
\ge . . . . . . . . . . . . . see \geq
\ge () . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65
\ge () . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67
\Gemini (R) . . . . . . . . . . 123
\Gemini () . . . . . . . . . . 122
\Gemini (v) . . . . . . . . . . 124
\gemini (^) . . . . . . . . . . 122
genealogical symbols . . . . 169
\geneuro (A C) . . . . . . . . . 26
\geneuronarrow (B C) . . . . 26
\geneurowide (C C) . . . . . . 26
gensymb (package) . . . . . . 121
\Gentsroom (x) . . . . . . . . 170
geometric shapes 124, 136140,
162166, 175, 176, 186
189, 191192, 207208
\geq () . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63
\geq () . . . . . . . . . . . 62, 63
\geq () . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65
\geq () . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64
\geq () . . . . . . . . . . . 66, 67
\geqclosed () . . . . . . 65, 69
\geqclosed () . . . . . . 64, 68
\geqdot (c) . . . . . . . . . . 65
\geqdot (u) . . . . . . . . . . . 64
\geqq () . . . . . . . . . . . . 63
\geqq (=) . . . . . . . . . . . . 62
\geqq () . . . . . . . . . . . . 66
\geqq () . . . . . . . . . . . . 65
\geqq () . . . . . . . . . . . . 64
\geqq () . . . . . . . . . . . . 66
\geqqslant () . . . . . . . . 66
\geqslant (>) . . . . . . . . 62
\geqslant () . . . . . . . . . 66
\geqslant () . . . . . . . . . 65
\geqslant () . . . . . . . . . 64
\geqslant () . . . . . . . . . 66
\geqslantdot () . . . . . . 65
) . . . . . . . . . . . . 62
\geqslantdot () . . . . . . 64
\geqslcc () . . . . . . . . . 65
german (keystroke package op-
tion) . . . . . . . . . . 125
Germanic runes . . . . . . . . 151
\Germany () . . . . . . . . . . 182
\gescc () . . . . . . . . . . . 65
\gescc () . . . . . . . . . . . 66
\gesdot () . . . . . . . . . . 65
\gesdot () . . . . . . . . . . 66
\gesdoto () . . . . . . . . . 66
\gesdotol () . . . . . . . . . 66
\gesl () . . . . . . . . . . . . 65
\gesles () . . . . . . . . . . 67
\gets . . . . . . see \leftarrow
\gets () . . . . . . . . . . . . 77
\gg (") . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63
\gg () . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62
\gg () . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65
\gg () . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64
\gg () . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67
\ggcurly () . . . . . . . . . 50
\ggcurly () . . . . . . . . . 55
\ggg () . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63
\ggg () . . . . . . . . . . . . 62
\ggg ( vs. ) . . . . . . . 212
\ggg () . . . . . . . . . . . . 66
\ggg () . . . . . . . . . . . . 65
\ggg () . . . . . . . . . . . . 64
\ggg () . . . . . . . . . . . . 67
\gggnest () . . . . . . . . . 67
\gggtr . . . . . . . . . . see \ggg
\gggtr () . . . . . . . . . . 65
\gggtr () . . . . . . . . . . 64
\gggtr () . . . . . . . . . . 67
ghosts . . . . . . . . 37, 110, 179
Gibbons, Jeremy . . . . . . . 233
\gimel ( ). . . . . . . . . . . 92
\gimel () . . . . . . . . . . . 92
\gimel () . . . . . . . . . . . 92
\gimel () . . . . . . . . . . . . 92
\gimel () . . . . . . . . . . . 93
\girl (B) . . . . . . . . . . . . 123
\gla () . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67
\glE () . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67
\gleichstark () . . . . . . 56
\glj () . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66
\glj () . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67
globe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 170
\glotstop (b) . . . . . . . . . 19
\glottal (?) . . . . . . . . . . 19
\Gloves (
) . . . . . . . . . . 183 greenpoint (package)
\Gluon () . . . . . . . . . . . 128
\gluon (QPPPPPPR) . . . . . . . . 121
gluons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 128
\gnapprox () . . . . . . . . 63
\gnapprox () . . . . . . . . 62
\gnapprox () . . . . . . . . . 66
\gnapprox () . . . . . . . . . 65
\gnapprox () . . . . . . . . . 64
\gnapprox () . . . . . . . . . 67
\gneq () . . . . . . . . . . . . 63
\gneq (
and \PackingWaste
\gneq () . . . . . . . . . . . . 66
\gneq () . . . . . . . . . . . . 65
\gneq () . . . . . . . . . . . . 67
\gneqq () . . . . . . . . . . . 63
\gneqq ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . 62
\gneqq () . . . . . . . . . . . 66
\gneqq () . . . . . . . . . . . 65
\gneqq () . . . . . . . . . . . 64
\gneqq () . . . . . . . . . . . 67
\gnsim () . . . . . . . . . . . 63
\gnsim () . . . . . . . . . . . 62
\gnsim () . . . . . . . . . . . 66
\gnsim () . . . . . . . . . . . 65
\gnsim () . . . . . . . . . . . 64
\gnsim () . . . . . . . . . . . 67
\GO () . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125
go (package) . . . . . . 176, 231
Go boards . . . . . . . . 175, 176
Go stones . . . . . . . . 175, 176
goban . . . . . . . . . . . 175, 176
\Goofy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 177
\graphene () . . . . . . . . 128
graphics (package) . . . 85, 214
graphicx (package) 24, 211, 214
\grater ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . 184
\grave ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . 103
\grave (`) . . . . . . . . . . . 102
grave (a) . . . . . . . see accents
\gravis (a) . . . . . . . . . . . 23
\graviton () . . . . . . . . . 128
\GreatBritain () . . . . . 182
greater-than signs . . . . . . see
inequalities
greatest lower bound . . . . see
\sqcap
\greatpumpkin ( ) . . . . 37
\Greece () . . . . . . . . . . 182
Greek . . . . . . . . . . 15, 90, 91
blackboard bold . . . . 120
bold . . . . . . . . . 90, 225
coins . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
letters . . 15, 90, 91, 120,
148, 225
numerals . . . . . . . . . 148
polytonic . . . . 15, 90, 91
upright . . . . . . . . 15, 91
greek (babel package option) 15,
90, 91, 148
Green Dot . . see \Greenpoint
and \PackingWaste
\Greenpoint ( ) . . . . . . . 179
191, 231 \gtrless () . . . . . .
262
Gregorian music . . . . . . . 154
\gregorianCclef (b) . . 154
\gregorianFclef (z) . . 154
Gregorio, Enrico 102, 215, 216
Griffiths separation vector (r)
. . . . . . . 119
\grimace (M) . . . . . . . . . 170
Grune Punkt see \Greenpoint
\GS () . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 126
\gsime () . . . . . . . . . . . 67
\gsiml () . . . . . . . . . . . 67
\Gt () . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66
\Gt () . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67
\gtcc () . . . . . . . . . . . . 65
\gtcc () . . . . . . . . . . . . 67
\gtcir () . . . . . . . . . . . 66
\gtcir () . . . . . . . . . . . 67
\gtlpar () . . . . . . . . . . 114
\gtlpar () . . . . . . . . . . 115
\gtquest () . . . . . . . . . 66
\gtr (>) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65
\gtr (>) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64
\gtrapprox () . . . . . . . . 63
\gtrapprox (') . . . . . . . 62
\gtrapprox () . . . . . . . . 66
\gtrapprox () . . . . . . . . 65
\gtrapprox () . . . . . . . . 64
\gtrapprox () . . . . . . . . 66
\gtrarr () . . . . . . . . . . 66
\gtrcc () . . . . . . . . . . . 65
\gtrclosed () . . . . . . 65, 69
\gtrclosed () . . . . . . 64, 68
\gtrdot () . . . . . . . . . . 63
\gtrdot (m) . . . . . . . . . . 62
\gtrdot () . . . . . . . . . . 32
\gtrdot () . . . . . . . . . . 65
\gtrdot () . . . . . . . . . . . 64
\gtrdot () . . . . . . . . . . 66
\gtreqless () . . . . . . . . 63
\gtreqless (R) . . . . . . . 62
\gtreqless () . . . . . . . . 66
\gtreqless () . . . . . . . . 65
\gtreqless () . . . . . . . . 64
\gtreqless () . . . . . . . . 66
\gtreqlessslant () . . . . 65
\gtreqlessslant (O) . . . . 64
\gtreqqless () . . . . . . . 63
\gtreqqless (T) . . . . . . . 62
\gtreqqless () . . . . . . . 66
\gtreqqless () . . . . . . . 65
\gtreqqless () . . . . . . . 64
\gtreqqless () . . . . . . . 66
\gtreqslantless () . . . . 65
\gtrless () . . . . . . . . . 63
\gtrless () . . . . . . . . . 62
\gtrless () . . . . . . . . . 66
\gtrless () . . . . . . . . . . 65
. . . . 64
\gtrless () ......... 66 
\HandCuffRightUp ( ) . . 132 \heartsuit () . . . ..... 141

\HandLeft ( ) . . . . . . . . 132 \heavyqtleft () . ..... 183

\gtrneqqless () . . . . . . 64
\heavyqtright () ..... 183
\HandLeftUp ( ) . . . . . . 132

\gtrsim () . . . . . . . ... 63
Hebrew . . . . . . . . 92, 93, 120
\gtrsim (&) . . . . . . . ... 62 \HandPencilLeft ( ) . . . 132
\gtrsim () . . . . . . . ... 66 
\HandRight ( ) . . . . . . . 132
Helvetica (font) . . . ..... 25


\hemiobelion () . ..... 26
\gtrsim () . . . . . . . ... 65
\HandRightUp ( ) . . . . . 132 \Herd ( ) . . . . . . . ..... 184
\gtrsim () . . . . . . . . ... 64
hands . . . . . . . . . . . see fists \HERMAPHRODITE () .... 127
\gtrsim () . . . . . . . ... 66
hands (package) . . . . 191, 231 \Hermaphrodite (}) .... 127
\GU (|
) . . . . . . . . . . . ... 125
\Handwash () . . . . . . . . 170 \Hermaphrodite () .... 127
\guillemotleft () . . 16, 227
\HaPa (<) . . . . . . . . . . . . 154 \hermitmatrix () ..... 117
\guillemotright () . 16, 227
harmony (package) . . 154, 231 \hermitmatrix () ..... 117
\guilsinglleft () . . 16, 228
harpoon (package) 85, 231, 232 \Heta ([) . . . . . . . ..... 148
\guilsinglright () . 16, 228

\gvcropped ( ) . . . . ... 128
harpoons . . 70, 72, 75, 7981,
8486, 207208
\heta (() . . . . . . . .
\hexagon () . . . .
.....
.....
148
137
\gvertneqq () . . . . . ... 63
\hash (#) . . . . . . . . . . . . 116 \hexagon (7) . . . . ..... 136
\gvertneqq (
) . . . . ... 62
\hash (>) . . . . . . . . . . . . 55
\gvertneqq () . . . .
\hexagonblack () ..... 137
. ... 66
hash mark . . . . . . . . . . see \# \Hexasteel () . . . ..... 127
\gvertneqq () . . . . . ... 65
\hat ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103 \hexstar (A) . . . . ..... 135
\gvertneqq () . . . . . ... 64
\hat (^) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102 \HF ( : ) . . . . . . . . . ..... 121
\gvertneqq () . . . . . ... 66
\hatapprox () . . . . . . . . 56 \HF (F) . . . . . . . ..... 143
\hateq () . . . . . . . . . . . 53 \Hf (f) . . . . . . . ..... 143
H
H (H) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 151 \hateq () . . . . . . . . . . . 50
\hfermion ( ) . . . . ..... 128
\H (a) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 \hausaB (B) . . . . . . . . . . 19 \hfil . . . . . . . . . . ..... 216
h (esvect package option) . 106 \hausab (b) . . . . . . . . . . 19 \HG (G) . . . . . . . . . ..... 143
\h () . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 151 \hausaD (T) . . . . . . . . . . 19 \Hg (g) . . . . . . . . ..... 143
\hausad (D) . . . . . . . . . . 19 \HH . . . . . . . . . . . . ..... 154
\h () . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
\hausaK (K) . . . . . . . . . . 19
h (h) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 151 \HH (H) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143
Halsinge runes . . see staveless \hausak (k) . . . . . . . . . . 19
\Hh (h) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143
runes \HB (B) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143 hhcount (package) . . 172, 173,
\HA (A) . . . . . . . . . . . . 143 \Hb (b) . . . . . .. . . . ... 143 231, 232
\Ha (a) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143 
\HBar ( ) . . . . .. . . . ... 139 \Hhundred (3) . . . . . . . . . 143
hacek (a) . . . . . . see accents \hbar (~) . . . . .. . . . 93, 215 \HI (I) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143
\Hades () . . . . . . . . . . . 124 \hbar () . . . . .. . . . ... 94

\Hail ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . 171 \hbar (h ) . . . .
\hbar () . . . .
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
...
...
94
94
\Hi (i) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143
\hiatus (H ) . . . . . . . . . . 177
\Halb ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . 154 \Hibl () . . . . . . . . . . 143
half note see musical symbols \hbipropto () . . . . ... 30
s
\HalfCircleLeft ( ) . . . . 139
\hbond () . . .. . . . ... 128 \Hibp () . . . . . . . . . . . 143
r
\HalfCircleRight ( ) . . . 139
\HC (C) . . . . . . .. . . . ... 143 \Hibs () . . . . . . . . . . . 143

\HalfFilledHut ( ) . . . . 171 \Hc (c) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143
\hcrossing () . . . . . . . . 50
\Hibw () . . . . . . . . . . . 143
\halflength (p) . . . . . . . 24 \Hidalgo (%) . . . . . . . . . . 124
\halfNote ( ,) . . . . . . . . . 155 \HCthousand (6) . . . . . . 143 hieroglf (package) . . 143, 231
\halfnote ( ) . . . . . . . . . 152 \HD (D) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143 hieroglyphics . . . . . . . . . . 143
\halfNoteDotted ( u) . . . . 155 \Higgsboson () . . . . . . 128
\Hd (d) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143 Hilbert space () . . . . . . see
\halfNoteDottedDouble ( u u) .
\hdotdot (
) . . . . . . 31, 111 alphabets, math
. . . . . . . 155
\hdotdot (
) . . . . . . . 30, 111 \hill (a) . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
\halfNoteDottedDoubleDown {
uu \hdots () . . . . . . . . . . . 111
( ) . . . . . . . . . . . 155
u \hdots () . . . . . . . . . . . 111 \HJ (J) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143
\halfNoteDottedDown ( ) 155
, \Hdual (ff) . . . . . . . . . . . 143 \Hj (j) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143
\halfNoteDown ( ) . . . . . . 155
\HE (E) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143 \HK (K) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143
\halfNoteRest ( ) . . . . . 156
\He (e) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143 \Hk (k) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143
\halfNoteRestDotted ( ) . .
heads . . . . . . . . . . . see faces \hknearrow () . . . . . . . 77
. . . . . . . 156

\HalfSun ( ) . . . . . . . . . 171
\Heart () . . . . . . . . . . . 170
heartctrbull (bullcntr package op-
\hknearrow ()
\hknwarrow ()
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
82
77
halloweenmath (package) . 37, tion) . . . . . . . . . . 173 \hknwarrow () . . . . . . . 82
109, 110, 231, 232 \heartctrbull . . . . . . . . 173 \hksearow () . . . . . . . . 82
Hamiltonian () . . . . . . . see hearts . 124, 140, 141, 185189 \hksearrow () . . . . . . . 77


alphabets, math \heartsuit () . . . . . . . . 140 \hksqrt ( ) . . . . . . . . . 217
\HandCuffLeft ( ) . . . . . 132 \heartsuit () . . . . . . . . 140

\HandCuffLeftUp ( ) . . . 132
\hkswarow () . . . . . . . . 82

\heartsuit () . . . . . . . . 140 \hkswarrow () . . . . . . . 77
\HandCuffRight ( ) . . . . 132 \heartsuit () . . . . . . . . 140 \HL (L) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143

263
\Hl (l) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143 <
\hpause ( ) . . . . . . . . . . 153 \ialign . . . . . . 216, 218, 219
\HM (M) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143 \Hplural () . . . . . . . . 143 \IB () . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125
\Hplus (+) . . . . . . . . . . . 143 \ibar (i ) . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
\Hm (m) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143
\HQ (Q) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143 IBM PC . . . . . . 126, 178, 226
\Hman () . . . . . . . . . . . 143 \IC (4) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 124
\Hq (q) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143
\Hmillion (7) . . . . . . . . 143 \Iceland () . . . . . . . . . . 183
\Hquery (?) . . . . . . . . . . . 143 Icelandic staves . . . . . . . . 178
\Hms ()
\HN (N)
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
143
143
\HR (R) . . . . . . . . . . .
\Hr (r) . . . . . . . . . .
.
.
.
.
143
143

\IceMountain ( ) . . . . . . 171
.
\Hn (n) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143 \hrectangle () . . . . . . 137 \iddots ( . . ) . . . . . . . . . . 112
\HO (O) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143 \hrectangleblack () . . 137 \iddots () . . . . . . . . . . . 218
\Ho (o) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143 \HS (S) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143 \idotsint (' ) . . . . . 39
\hole () . . . . . . . . . . . . 128 \idotsint ( ) . . . . . . 41
\Hs (s) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143
\HollowBox (O) . . . . . . . . 134 \idotsint () . . . . . . . 44
Holmes, Sherlock . . . . . . . 205 A
\hs () . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 153 \idotsint () . . . . . . . . 43
Holt, Alexander . . . . . . 1, 230 \iff see \Longleftrightarrow
\Hscribe () . . . . . . . . . 143 ifsym (package) 121, 139, 171,
\holter ( ) . . . . . . . . . 110 212, 214, 231
\Hslash (/) .. . . . . . . . . . 143
\hslash (}) . . . . . . . . . . 93 igo (package) . . . . . . 175, 231
}
holtpolt (package) . . 110, 231
\hslash () . . . . . . . . . . 94 \igocircle ( ) . . . . . . . 175
}
\hom (hom) . . . . . . . . . . . 89
\hslash (h ) .. . . . . . . . . . 94 \igocircle ( ) . . . . . . . 175
|
\Home ( Home ) . . . . . . . 125
\hslash () . . . . . . . . . . 94 \igocross ( ) . . . . . . . . 175
\Hsv () . .. . . . . . . . . . 143 |
\igocross ( ) . . . . . . . . 175

\Homer (  ) . . . . . . 177
\HT () . . .
\HT (T) . .
..
..
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
126
143
\igonone ( ) . . . . . . . . . 175
\igonone ( ) . . . . . . . . . 175
\Hone () . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143
\Ht (t) . . .. . . . . . . . . . 143 ~
\igosquare ( ) . . . . . . . 175
hook accent () . . see accents \Hten (2) . .. . . . . . . . . . 143 ~
\igosquare ( ) . . . . . . . 175
\hookb () . . . . . . . . . . . 19 
\igotriangle ( ) . . . . . . 175
\hookd (D) . . . . . . . . . . . 19
\hookd () . . . . . . . . . . . 19
\Hthousand (4) . . . . . . . . 143
\Htongue () . . . . . . . . 143
\igotriangle 
( ) . . . . . . 175
\iiiint (% ) . . . . . . . . 39
\hookdownarrow (;) . . . . . 76 \HU (U) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143 \iiiint ( ) . . . . . . . . . 41
\hookdownminus () . . . . 116
\Hu (u) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143 \iiiint ( ) . . . . . . . . . 42
\hookdownminus () . . . . 116 \iiiint () . . . . . . . . . 44
\hookg () . . . . . . . . . . . 19 Hungarian umlaut (a) . . . see
accents \iiiint () . . . . . . . . . 43
\hookh ($) . . . . . . . . . . . 19
\Hungary () . . . . . . . . . . 183 \iiiint () . . . . . . . . . . 45
\hookheng (%) . . . . . . . . . 19
\hookleftarrow () . . . . 70 
\Hut ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 171 \iiiintsl () . . . . . . . . 46
\hookleftarrow () . . . . 80 \HV (V) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143
\iiiintup () . . . . . . . . 46
\iiint () . . . . . . . . . . 40
\hookleftarrow () . . . . 76 \Hv (v) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143 \iiint (t ) . . . . . . . . . . 39
\hookleftarrow () . . . . 73 \hv (") . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 \iiint (#) . . . . . . . . . . 39
\hookleftarrow () . . . . 85 \Hvbar () . . . . . . . . . . . . 143
\iiint ( ) . . . . . . . . . . 41
\hookleftarrow () . . . . 82 \HW (W) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143
\hooknearrow () . . . . . . 76 \iiint ( ) . . . . . . . . . . 42
\Hw (w) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143 \iiint () . . . . . . . . . . . 44
\hooknwarrow () . . . . . . 76
\HX (X) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143
\hookrevepsilon () . . . . 19 \iiint () . . . . . . . . . . . 43
\hookrightarrow () . . . 70 \Hx (x) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143 \iiint () . . . . . . . . . . . 45
\hookrightarrow ( ) . . . 80 \HXthousand (5) . . . . . . . 143 \iiintsl () . . . . . . . . . 46
\hookrightarrow () . . . 76 \iiintup () . . . . . . . . . 46
\hookrightarrow () . . . 73 \HY (Y) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143 \iinfin () . . . . . . . . . . 117
\hookrightarrow () . . . 85 \Hy (y) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143 \iinfin() . . . . . . . . . . 114
\hookrightarrow () . . . 82 \Hygiea () . . . . . . . . . . 124 \iint () . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
\hooksearrow () . . . . . . 76 hyphen, discretionary . . . . 228 \iint (s ) . . . . . . . . . . . 39
\hookswarrow () . . . . . . 76 \hyphenbullet () . . . . . . 117 \iint (! ) . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
\hookuparrow (1) . . . . . . 76 \iint ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
\HZ (Z) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143
\hookupminus () . . . . . . 32 \Hz (z) . . . . . . . . . . . . 143 \iint ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
\hookupminus () . . . . . . 116 \hzigzag () . . . . . . . . 117 \iint () . . . . . . . . . . . . 44
Horn, Berthold . . . . . . . . 120 \iint () . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
\hoshi ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . 176 I \iint () . . . . . . . . . . . . 45
\hourglass () . . . . . . . . 32 I (I) ... . .. . . . . . . . . . 151 \iintsl () . . . . . . . . . . 46
\hourglass () . . . . . . . . 37 i . . . . ... . .. . . . . . . . . . 20 \iintup () . . . . . . . . . . 46
\house () . . . . . . . . . . . 137 \i () .. . .. . . . . . . . . . 151 \IJ (IJ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
\HP (P) . . . . . . . . . . . . 143 \i () ... . .. . . . . . . . . . 20 \ij (ij) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
\Hp (p) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143 i (i) . ... . .. . . . . . . . . . 151 \Im () . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93

264
\Im () . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94
\im (j) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94
\imageof () . . . . . . . . . 87
\imageof () . . . . . . . . . 56
\imath () . . . . . . . . . 93, 102
\imath ({) . . . . . . . . . . . . 94
\imath () . . . . . . . . . . . . 94
\impliedby . . . . . . . . . . . see
\Longleftarrow
\implies see \Longrightarrow
and \vdash
impulse train . . . . . . . see sha
\in (P) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93
\in () . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93
\in () . . . . . . . . . . . . 53, 94
\in () . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94
\in () . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93
\in () . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56
inches . . . . . see \second and
\textquotedbl
\incoh () . . . . . . . . . . . 59
\increment () . . . . . . . . 117
independence
probabilistic . . . . . . . 217
statistical . . . . . . . . . 217
stochastic . . . . see \bot
\independent ( ) . . . . . . 217
\Industry (I) . . . . . . . . 170
inequalities . . . . . . 14, 6267
inexact differential . see \dbar
\inf (inf) . . . . . . . . . . . . 89
infimum see \inf and \sqcap
infinity . . . 114116, 118, 217
\Info (i) . . . . . . . . . . . . 170
\Info ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . 180
information symbols . . . . 170
) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125
informator symbols . . . . . 174
\infty (8) . . . . . . . . . . . 116
\infty () . . . . . . . . . . . 115
\infty () . . . . . . . . . . . 116
\infty () . . . . . . . . . . . 116
\infty () . . . . . . . . . . . 114
\ING () . . . . . . . . . . . . . 151
\Ing () . . . . . . . . . . . . . 151
\ing () . . . . . . . . . . . . . 151
\inipartvoice (a
) . . . . . 22
(a
\inipartvoiceless ) . . 22
\injlim (inj lim) . . . . . . . 89
\Innocey ( ) . . . . . . . . . 184
\inplus (A) . . . . . . . . . . 49
\inplus () . . . . . . . . . . . 55
inputenc (package) . . . . . . 229
\Ins ( Ins ) . . . . . . . . . . 125
\int (r) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
\int (r) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
\int () . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
\int ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
\int () . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44
\int () . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
\int () . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45
\intBar () . . . . . . . . . . 44
\intBar () . . . . . . . . . . . 45
\intbar () . . . . . . . . . . 44 \InversTransformHoriz (
)

\intbar () . . . . . . . . . . . 45 . . . . . . . . 59
\intBarsl () . . . . . . . . . 46 \InversTransformVert ( ) 59
\intbarsl () . . . . . . . . . 46 inverted symbols . . 1719, 24,
\intBarup () . . . . . . . . . 46 214
\intbarup () . . . . . . . . . 46 inverters . . . . . . . . . . . . . 126
\intcap () . . . . . . . . . . . 45 \invf (,) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
\intcapsl () . . . . . . . . . 47 \invglotstop (d) . . . . . . 19
\intcapup () . . . . . . . . . 47 \invh (&) . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
\intclockwise () . . . . . 44
\intclockwise ( ) . . . . . 47 \INVl () . . . . . . . . . . 126
\invlazys () . . . . . . . . . 33
\intclockwise () . . . . . . 45
\invlegr (I) . . . . . . . . . . 19
\intclockwisesl () . . . . 46
\invm (5) . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
\intclockwiseup () . . . . 46
\invneg () . . . . . . . . . . 49
\intctrclockwise () . . . 44
\invneg () . . . . . . . . . . 116
\intcup () . . . . . . . . . . . 45
\invneg () . . . . . . . . . . 116
\intcupsl () . . . . . . . . . 47
\intcupup () . . . . . . . . . 47 \invnot () . . . . . . . . . . 117
\INTEGER ( ) . . . . . . . . . . 89
\invnot () . . . . . . . . . . 116
\invnot () . . . . . . . . . . 117
\Integer ( ) . . . . . . . . . . 89
integers (Z) . . . see alphabets,
\INVr () . . . . . . . . . . 126
math
\invr (G) . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
integrals . . . . 3848, 116, 217
\invscr (K) . . . . . . . . . . 19
product . . . . . . . . . . 48
\invscripta () . . . . . . . 19
integrals (wasysym package op-
\invsmileface () . . . . . 183
tion) . . . . . . . . . . . 39
\interaction () . . . . . . 128 \INVu () . . . . . . . . . . 126
\intercal (|) . . . . . . . . . 29 \invv () . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
\intercal () . . . . . . . 32, 94 \invw (Z) . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
\intercal () . . . . . . . . . 31 \invwhitelowerhalfcircle
\intercal () . . . . . . . . . 93 () . . . . . . . . . . . 137
\intercal () . . . . . . . 33, 94 \invwhiteupperhalfcircle
interior . . . . . . see \mathring () . . . . . . . . . . . 137
\interleave (9) . . . . . . . 29 \invy (\) . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
\interleave () . . . . . . . 33 \IO (
\internalsym () . . . . . . 128 \ion () . . . . . . . . . . . . . 128
intersection . . . . . . . see \cap
\ionicbond () . . . . . . . 128
\Interval ( ) . . . . . . . . 171 \Iota (I) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90
\intlarhk () . . . . . . . . . 45 \iota () . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90
\intlarhksl () . . . . . . . 47 iota, upside-down . . . . . . 214
\intlarhkup () . . . . . . . 47 \iotaup () . . . . . . . . . . . 91
\intprod () . . . 31, 32, 116 \ipagamma ( ) . . . . . . . . . 19
\intprod () . . . . . . . . . . 33 \ipercatal () . . . . . . . . 177
\intprodr () . . . 31, 32, 116 \Ireland () . . . . . . . . . . 183
\intprodr () . . . . . . . . . 33 \IroningI () . . . . . . . . 170
\intsl () . . . . . . . . . . . . 46 \IroningII () . . . . . . . 170
\intup ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . 44 \IroningIII () . . . . . . 170
\intup () . . . . . . . . . . . . 46 irony mark (? ) . . . . . . . . . 214
\intx () . . . . . . . . . . . . 45 irrational numbers (J) . . . see
alphabets, math
\intxsl () . . . . . . . . . . . 47
\intxup () . . . . . . . . . . . 47 \Irritant ( ) . . . . . . . . 171
\inva ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 \isindot () . . . . . . . . . 56
\invamp (M) . . . . . . . . . . 30 \isinE () . . . . . . . . . . . 56
\invamp (`) . . . . . . . . . . 34 \isinobar () . . . . . . . . . 56
\invbackneg () . . . . . . . 116 \isins () . . . . . . . . . . . 56
\isinvb () . . . . . . . . . . 56
\INVd () . . . . . . . . . . 126
\ismodeledby (=|) . . . . . . 215
\invdiameter () . . . . . . 169 ISO character entities . . . 228
\inve (U) . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 isoent (package) . . . . . . . . 228
inverse limit see \varprojlim Isthmian script . . . . 148150
\inversebullet () . . . . 117 italic 14, 15, 26, 221, 223, 225,
\inversewhitecircle () 137 228
265
\Italy () . . . . . . . . . . . 183
J Kronecker product
J (J) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 151
\j () . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 151
\j () . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
j (j) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 151
2
\JackStar ( ) . . . . . . . . 135
3
\JackStarBold ( ) . . . . . 135
Jewish star . . . . . . . . . . . 135
\jmath () . . . . . . . . . 93, 102
\jmath (|) . . . . . . . . . . . . 94
\jmath () . . . . . . . . . . . . 94

\Joch ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . 171
\Join (Z) . . . . . . . . . . 48, 49
\Join () . . . . . . . . . . 32, 53
\Join (&) . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
\Join () . . . . . . . . . . . 117
\joinrel . . . . . . . . . . . . 215
joint denial . . see \downarrow
\Jpsimeson () . . . . . . . 128
junicode (package) . . 229, 231
Junicode.ttf (file) . . . . . 229
\Juno (;) . . . . . . . . . . . . 124
\Jupiter (E) . . . . . . . . . 123
\Jupiter () . . . . . . . . . . 122
\Jupiter (j) . . . . . . . . . 124
\jupiter (X) . . . . . . . . . 122
K \landdownint ( ) . . . . . . 42
\K () . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 151
\k () . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 151
\k (a)
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
\k () . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
k (k) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 151
\Kaonminus () . . . . . . . 128
\Kaonnull () . . . . . . . . 128
\Kaonplus () . . . . . . . . 128
\Kappa (K) . . . . . . . . . . . 90
\kappa () . . . . . . . . . . . 90
\kappaup () . . . . . . . . . . 91
\ker (ker) . . . . . . . . . . . . 89
\kernelcontraction () . 55
\kernelcontraction () . 56
ket . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96
\Keyboard () . . . . . . . . 125
keyboard symbols . . . . . . 125
keys, computer . . . . . . . . 125
keystroke (package) . 125, 231
\keystroke ( ) . . . . . . 125
king . . . . . . . . . 175, 209210
\Knife () . . . . . . . . . . . . 183
knight . . . . . . . . 175, 209210
knitting (package) 181, 231, 232
knitting symbols . . . . . . . 181
knot (package) . . 199, 202, 231
knots . . . . . . . . . . . 199202
Knuth, Donald E. 12, 85, 226,
233
symbols by . . . . . . . . 169
\Kochtopf ( ) . . . . . . . . 184
\Koppa () . . . . . . . . . . . 148
\koppa () . . . . . . . . . . . . 148
\Kr ( l ) ...... . . . . . . 154
\kreuz (6) . . . . . . . . . . . 169
see \otimes
Kronecker sum . . see \oplus
\Kronos () . . . . . . . . . . 124
krouzek (a) . . . . . see accents \largecircle () . . . . . . 136
\kside (O) . . . . . . . . . . . 174
L
\L (L) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
\l (l) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
l (l) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 151
\labdentalnas (4) . . . . . 19
\labvel . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
\Ladiesroom (y) . . . . . . . 170
Lagrangian () see alphabets,
math
\Lambda () . . . . . . . . . . 90
\lambda () . . . . . . . . . . 90
\lambdabar (o) . . . . . . . . 115
\lambdabar () . . . . . . . . 117
\lambdaslash (n) . . . . . . 115
\lambdaslash () . . . . . . 117
\lambdaup () . . . . . . . . . 91
Lamport, Leslie . . . . 230, 233
\land . . . . . . . . . see \wedge
\land () . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
\land () . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
land masses . . %. . . . . . . . . 181
\landdownint () . . . . . . 44
\landdownint# () . . . . . . 43
\landupint ( ) . . . . . . . . 42
\landupint () . . . . . . 43, 44
\landupint () . . . . . . . . 43
\Langle (<) . . . . . . . . . . 120
\lAngle () . . . . . . . . . . . 101
\lAngle () . . . . . . . . . . 98
\lAngle ( ) ......... 99
\langle () . . . . . . . . . 28, 96
\langle () . . . . . . . . . . . 98
\langle () . . . . . . . . . . . 98
\langle ( ) . . . . . . . . . . 100
\langlebar (n) . . . . . . . . 98
\langledot () . . . . . . . . 98
\langledot () . . . . . . . . 95
\laplac () . . . . . . . . . . 117
\Laplace ( ) ....... 59
\laplace ( ) . . . . . . . 59
Laplace transform () . . . see
alphabets, math
Laplacian () . . . see \Delta
266
Laplacian (2 ) . . see \nabla
\largeblackcircle () . 137
\largeblacksquare () . 137
\largeblackstar () . . . 137
\largecircle () . . . . . 137
largectrbull (bullcntr package op-
tion) . . . . . . . . . . 173
\largectrbull . . . . . . . . 173
\largediamond () . . . . 136
\largelozenge () . . . . . 136
\largepencil ( W) . . . . . 132
\largepentagram () . . . 136
\LargerOrEqual (>) . . . . 113
\largesquare () . . . . . . 137
\largesquare () . . . . . . 136
\largestar () . . . . . . . 136
\largestarofdavid () . 136
\largetriangledown (_) 69,
137
\largetriangledown () 68
\largetriangleleft () 68
\largetriangleright () 68
\largetriangleup (^) . . 69,
137
\largetriangleup () . . 68
\largewhitestar () . . . 137
\LArrow ( ) . . . . . . . . 125
\larrowfill . . . . . . . . . . 108
\Laserbeam (a) . . . . . . 127
\lat () . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66
\late () . . . . . . . . . . . . 66
LATEX . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1, 12,
20, 48, 89, 96, 110, 115,
130, 173, 191, 210, 211,
214220, 224, 226, 228
230, 232, 233
LATEX 2 1, 12, 14, 15, 26, 29,
48, 59, 70, 103, 110, 115,
120, 140, 152, 191, 210
212, 214, 215, 217, 218,
223, 225228, 233
latexsym (package) . 29, 48, 59,
70, 115, 211, 231
\latfric (/) . . . . . . . . . . 19
Latin 1 . . . . 12, 226228, 230
\Latvia () . . . . . . . . . . . 181
\Laughey ( ) . . . . . . . . . 184
laundry symbols . . . . . . . 170
\LB ({) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125
\Lbag (P) . . . . . . . . . . . . 95
\lbag (N) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95
\lbag () . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
\lbag () . . . . . . . . . . . . 95
\lblackbowtie () . . . . . 32
\lblkbrbrak () . . . . . . . 95
\lBrace ( ) ......... 99
\lbrace ({) .......... 98
\lbrace ({) . . . . . . . . . . .
\lbrace ( ) . . . . . . . . .
{
\lbrace ( ) ..........
\Lbrack ([) . . . . . . . . . . . 120
\lBrack ([[) . . . . . . . . . . . 101
\lBrack () ..........
\lBrack () . . . . . . . . . . .
\lBrack ( ) . . . . . . . . . .
\lbrack ([) . . . . . . . . . . .
\lbrack ([) . . . . . . . . . . .
\lbracklltick () . . . . . .
\lbrackubar () . . . . . . .
\lbrackultick () . . . . . .
\Lbrbrak () . . . . . . . . . .
\lbrbrak ( ) .........
LCD numerals . . . . . . . . . 121
\lCeil () . . . . . . . . . . . . 101
\lceil () . . . . . . . . . . . . 96
\lceil () ...........
\lceil ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . 97
\lceil ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . 100
\lcirclearrowdown () . 72
\lcirclearrowleft () . 72
\lcirclearrowright () 72
\lcirclearrowup () . . . 72
\lcircleleftint () . 43, 44
\lcircleleftint () . . . . 43
\lcirclerightint () . . . 44
\lcirclerightint () . . . 43
\lcm (lcm) . . . . . . . . . . . 224
\lcorners (v) . . . . . . . . . 95
\lcurvearrowdown () . . . 72
\lcurvearrowleft () . . 72
\lcurvearrowne () . . . . 72
\lcurvearrownw () . . . . 72
\lcurvearrowright () . . 72
\lcurvearrowse () . . . . 72
\lcurvearrowsw () . . . . 72
\lcurvearrowup () . . . . . 72
\lcurvyangle () . . . . . . 95
\LD () . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125
\ldbrack (v) . . . . . . . . . . 97
\ldotp (.) . . . . . . . . . . . . 110
\ldotp (.) . . . . . . . . . . . . 112
\ldots (. . .) . . . . . . . . . . 110
\Ldsh () . . . . . . . . . . . . 76
\Ldsh () . . . . . . . . . . . . 82
\LE (
) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125
\le . . . . . . . . . . . . . see \leq
\le () . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66
99 \le () . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67 \leftdowncurvedarrow () 77
\leadsto ({) . . . . . . . 49, 70 \leftdowncurvedarrow () 83
97 \leadsto () . . . . . . . . . 77
\leadsto () . . . . . . . . . 73 \leftevaw ( ) . . . . . . . . 100
99 \leadsto () . . . . . . . . . 83 \leftfilledspoon (r) . . 86
leaf . . . . . . . . . see \textleaf \leftfishtail () . . . . . 56
\leafleft (g) . . . . . . . . 136 \leftfootline () . . . . . 53
\leafNE (f) . . . . . . . . . . 136 \leftfootline (z) . . . . . 50
98 \leafright (h) . . . . . . . 136 \leftfree () . . . . . . . . 50
leaves . . . . . . . . 136, 141, 196 \lefthalfcap () . . . . . . 30
99 Lefschetz motive () . . . . see
\lefthalfcup () . . . . . . 31
alphabets, math \lefthand (t) . . . . . . . . 133
99 \Left . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 177 \leftharpoonaccent () . 103
\left . 96, 100, 101, 211, 213 \leftharpoonccw () . . . 75
98 \LEFTarrow () . . . . . . . . 169 \leftharpooncw () . . . . 75
\Leftarrow () . . . . . 28, 70 \leftharpoondown () . . 72
99 \Leftarrow () . . . . . . . 77 \leftharpoondown () . . 70
95 \Leftarrow () . . . . . . . 72 \leftharpoondown () . . 81
95 \Leftarrow () . . . . . . . 83 \leftharpoondown () . . 79
95 \leftarrow () . . . . . . . 71 \leftharpoondown () . . 84
95 \leftarrow () . . . . . . . 70 \leftharpoondownbar () 84
\leftarrow () . . . . . . . 76 \leftharpoonsupdown () 84
99 \leftarrow () . . . . . . . . 73 \leftharpoonup () . . . . 72
\leftarrow () . . . . . . . 85 \leftharpoonup () . . . . 70
\leftarrow () . . . . . . . 83 \leftharpoonup () . . . . 81
\leftarrowaccent () . . . 103 \leftharpoonup () . . . . 79
\leftarrowapprox () . . 83 \leftharpoonup () . . . . 84
\leftarrowbackapprox () 83 \leftharpoonupbar () . 84
99
\leftarrowbsimilar () . 83 \leftharpoonupdash () . 84
\leftarrowless () . . . . 66
\leftlcurvearrow () . . 77
\leftarrowonoplus () . 83 \leftleftarrows () . . . 71
\leftarrowplus () . . . . 83 \leftleftarrows () . . . 70
\leftarrowshortrightarrow \leftleftarrows () . . . 81
() . . . . . . . . . . . . 83 \leftleftarrows () . . . 76
\leftarrowsimilar () . 83 \leftleftarrows () . . . 73
\leftarrowsubset () . . 62 \leftleftarrows () . . . 83
\leftarrowtail () . . . 70 \leftleftharpoons () . 72
\leftarrowtail () . . . . 80 \leftlsquigarrow () . . 77
\leftarrowtail () . . . . 76 \leftlsquigarrow () . . 73
\leftarrowtail () . . . . 73 \Leftmapsto () . . . . . . 76
\leftarrowtail () . . . . 83 \leftmapsto () . . . . . . . 76
\leftarrowTriangle () . 80 \leftmapsto () . . . . . . . 73
\leftarrowtriangle (^) 71 \leftModels () . . . . . . . 50
\leftarrowtriangle () . 81 \leftmodels () . . . . . . . 53
\leftarrowtriangle () . 83 \leftmodels () . . . . . . . 50
\leftarrowx () . . . . . . . 83 \leftmoon (K) . . . . . . . . . 123
\leftAssert () . . . . . . . 53 \leftmoon () . . . . . . . . . 123
\leftassert () . . . . . . . 53 \leftmoon ($) . . . . . . . . 122
\leftbarharpoon () . . . 72 \leftouterjoin () . . . . 117
\leftbkarrow () . . . . . . 76 \leftp (v) . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
\leftbkarrow () . . . . . . 83 \leftpitchfork (v) . . . . 88
\leftblackarrow (-) . . . 81 \leftpitchfork () . . . . 86
\leftblackspoon (n) . . . 87 \leftpointright ( R ) .. 132
\LEFTCIRCLE (G) . . . . . . . 136 \leftpropto () . . . . . . . 50
\LEFTcircle (G #) . . . . . . . 136 \leftrcurvearrow () . . 77
\Leftcircle (I) . . . . . . . 136 \Leftrightarrow () . . . 70
\leftcurvedarrow () . . 77 \Leftrightarrow () . . . 76
\leftcurvedarrow () . . 83 \Leftrightarrow () . . . 73
\leftdasharrow ( ) . . . . 81 \Leftrightarrow () . . . 83
\leftdasharrow () . . . . 83 \leftrightarrow () . . . 71
\leftdbkarrow () . . . . . 83 \leftrightarrow () . . . 70
\leftdbltail () . . . . . . 56 \leftrightarrow () . . . 76
\leftdotarrow () . . . . . 83 \leftrightarrow () . . . 73
267
\leftrightarrow () . . . 85
\leftrightarrow () . . . 83
\leftrightarrowaccent () . .
. . . . . . . 103
\leftrightarrowcircle () .
. . . . . . . . 83
\leftrightarroweq (-) . . 71
\leftrightarroweq () . 81
\leftrightarrows () . . 71
\leftrightarrows () . . 70
\leftrightarrows () . . 81
\leftrightarrows () . . 76
\leftrightarrows () . . 73
\leftrightarrows () . . 83
\leftrightarrowTriangle ()
. . . . . . . . 81
\leftrightarrowtriangle (])
. . . . . . . . 71
\leftrightarrowtriangle ()
. . . . . . . . 81
\leftrightarrowtriangle ()
. . . . . . . . 83
\leftrightblackarrow (1) 81
\leftrightblackspoon (q) 87
\leftrightcurvearrow () 77
\leftrightharpoon () . 72
\leftrightharpoondowndown
() . . . . . . . . . . . . 84
\leftrightharpoondownup ()
. . . . . . . . 79
\leftrightharpoondownup ()
. . . . . . . . 75
\leftrightharpoondownup ()
. . . . . . . . 84
\leftrightharpoons () 72
\leftrightharpoons () 70
\leftrightharpoons () . 81
\leftrightharpoons () . 79
\leftrightharpoons () . 75
\leftrightharpoons () . 84
\leftrightharpoonsdown ()
. . . . . . . . 84
\leftrightharpoonsfill . 108
\leftrightharpoonsup () 84
\leftrightharpoonupdown ()
. . . . . . . . 79
\leftrightharpoonupdown ()
. . . . . . . . 75
\leftrightharpoonupdown ()
. . . . . . . . 84
\leftrightharpoonupup () .
. . . . . . . . 84
\Leftrightline () . . . . 50
\leftrightline () . . . . 50
\leftrightspoon () . . . 87
\leftrightsquigarrow ()
. . . . . . . . 71
\leftrightsquigarrow (!) .
. . . . . . . . 70
\leftrightsquigarrow () 81
\leftrightsquigarrow () 77
\leftrightsquigarrow () 73
\leftrightsquigarrow () 83
\leftrightwavearrow () 76
\leftrsquigarrow () . . 77
\leftrsquigarrow () . . 73
\LeftScissors (Q) . . . . . 131
\leftslice (2) . . . . . . . . 29
\leftslice () . . . . . . . . 32
\leftslice () . . . . . . . . 50
\leftspoon () . . . . . . . 87
\leftspoon () . . . . . . . 86
\leftsquigarrow () . . 71
\leftsquigarrow (f) . . . 71
\leftsquigarrow () . . . 81
\leftsquigarrow () . . . 77
\leftsquigarrow () . . . 83
\leftt (n) . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
\lefttail () . . . . . . . . 56
\lefttherefore () . . . . 111
\lefttherefore () . 31, 111
\leftthreearrows () . . 83
\leftthreetimes ($) . . . 116
\leftthreetimes (h) . . . 29
\leftthreetimes () . . . 32
\leftthreetimes () . . . 31
\leftthreetimes () . . . . 31
\leftthreetimes () . . . 33
\leftthumbsdown ( D ) .. 132
\leftthumbsup ( U ) .... 132
\lefttorightarrow () . 71
\lefttorightarrow () . . 81
\Lefttorque (&) . . . . . . 127
\leftturn (") . . . . . . . . 169
\leftupcurvedarrow () 77
\leftVDash () . . . . . . . 53
\leftVdash () . . . . . . . 53
\leftVdash () . . . . . . . . 50
\leftvDash () . . . . . . . . 53
\leftvdash () . . . . . . . . 53
\leftvdash ()
........ 51
\leftwave ( ) . . . . . . . . 100
\leftwavearrow () . . . . 76
\leftwavearrow () . . . . 83
\leftwhitearrow () . . . 81
\leftwhitearrow () . . . 83
\leftwhiteroundarrow () 81
\leftY (.) . . . . . . . . . . . 31
\leftY (*) . . . . . . . . . . . 31
\leftzigzagarrow () . . 81
legal symbols . . 14, 15, 26, 27,
227
\legm (6) . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
\legr (E) . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
\length (q) . . . . . . . . . . . 24
\Leo () . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122
\Leo (n) . . . . . . . . . . . . 124
\leo () . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122
\leq () . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63
\leq () . . . . . . . . . . . 62, 63
\leq () . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65
\leq () . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64
\leq () . . . . . . . . . . . 66, 67
\leqclosed () . . . . . . 65, 69
\leqclosed () . . . . . . 64, 68
268
\leqdot (b) . . . . . . . . . . 65
\leqdot (t) . . . . . . . . . . . 64
\leqq () . . . . . . . . . . . . 63
\leqq (5) . . . . . . . . . . . . 62
\leqq () . . . . . . . . . . . . 66
\leqq () . . . . . . . . . . . . 65
\leqq () . . . . . . . . . . . . 64
\leqq () . . . . . . . . . . . . 66
\leqqslant () . . . . . . . . 66
\leqslant (6) . . . . . . . . 62
\leqslant () . . . . . . . . . 66
\leqslant () . . . . . . . . . 65
\leqslant () . . . . . . . . . 64
\leqslant () . . . . . . . . . 66
\leqslantdot () . . . . . . 65
\leqslantdot () . . . . . . 64
\leqslcc () . . . . . . . . . 65
\lescc () . . . . . . . . . . . 66
\lescc () . . . . . . . . . . . 66
\lesdot () . . . . . . . . . . 65
\lesdot () . . . . . . . . . . 66
\lesdoto () . . . . . . . . . 67
\lesdotor () . . . . . . . . . 67
\lesg () . . . . . . . . . . . . 65
\lesges () . . . . . . . . . . 67
\less (<) . . . . . . . . . . . . 65
\less (<) . . . . . . . . . . . . 64
less-than signs see inequalities
\lessapprox () . . . . . . . 63
\lessapprox (/) . . . . . . . 62
\lessapprox () . . . . . . . 66
\lessapprox () . . . . . . . 65
\lessapprox () . . . . . . . 64
\lessapprox () . . . . . . . 67
\lesscc () . . . . . . . . . . 65
\lessclosed () . . . . . 65, 69
\lessclosed () . . . . . 64, 68
\lessdot () . . . . . . . . . 63
\lessdot (l) . . . . . . . . . 62
\lessdot () . . . . . . . . . 32
\lessdot () . . . . . . . . . . 65
\lessdot () . . . . . . . . . . 64
\lessdot () . . . . . . . . . 67
\lesseqgtr () . . . . . . . . 63
\lesseqgtr (Q) . . . . . . . 62
\lesseqgtr () . . . . . . . . 66
\lesseqgtr () . . . . . . . . 65
\lesseqgtr () . . . . . . . . 64
\lesseqgtr () . . . . . . . . 67
\lesseqgtrslant () . . . . 65
\lesseqgtrslant (N) . . . . 64
\lesseqqgtr () . . . . . . . 63
\lesseqqgtr (S) . . . . . . . 62
\lesseqqgtr () . . .
. . . . 66
\lesseqqgtr () . . . . . . . 65
\lesseqqgtr () . . . . . . . 64
\lesseqqgtr () . . . . . . . 67
\lesseqslantgtr () . . . . 65
\lessgtr () . . . . . . . . . 63
\lessgtr () . . . . . . . . . 62
\lessgtr () . . . . . . . . . 66
\lessgtr () . . . . . . . . . . 65
\lessgtr () . . . . . . . . . . 64 \lhd () . . . . . . . . . . . 64, 68 \lilyGlyph{. . . } ( ) . . . . . 167
\lessgtr () . . . . . . . . . 67 \lhd () . . . . . . . . . . 33, 138
\lilyGlyph{. . . } ( ) . . . . 167
\lessneqqgtr () . . . . . . 64 \lhdbend (~) . . . . . . . . 169
\lhook () . . . . . . . . . . . . 89 \lilyGlyph{. . . } () . . . . 167
\LessOrEqual (<) . . . . . . 113 \lilyGlyph{. . . } () . . . . . 167
\lhookdownarrow (3) . . . . 77
\lesssim () . . . . . . . . . 63 \lilyGlyph{. . . } () . . . . . 167
\lhookdownarrow (3) . . . . 73
\lesssim (.) . . . . . . . . . 62 \lilyGlyph{. . . } () . . . . 167
\lhookleftarrow () . . . 77
\lesssim () . . . . . . . . . 66 \lilyGlyph{. . . } () . . . . . 167
\lhookleftarrow (2) . . . 73
\lesssim () . . . . . . . . . . 65 \lilyGlyph{. . . } ( ) . . . . 167
\lhooknearrow () . . . . . 77
\lesssim () . . . . . . . . . . 64
\lhooknearrow (4) . . . . . 73 \lilyGlyph{. . . } ( ) . . . . 167
\lesssim () . . . . . . . . . 67
\lhooknwarrow () . . . . . 77 \lilyGlyph{. . . } () . . . . 167
\Letter (B) . . . . . . . . . . 126
\lhooknwarrow () . . . . . 73
\Letter ( ) . . . . . . . . . . 171
\lhookrightarrow () . . 77 \lilyGlyph{. . . } ( ) . . . . 167
\Letter (B vs. ) . . . . . 212
\lhookrightarrow () . . 73
letter-like symbols . . . 9395, \lilyGlyph{. . . } ( ) . . . . 167
\lhooksearrow () . . . . . 77
186189
\lhooksearrow () . . . . . 73 \lilyGlyph{. . . } ( ) . . . . 167
letters see alphabets, 215, 216
\lhookswarrow () . . . . . 77
barred . . . . . . . . . . . 215 \lilyGlyph{. . . } ( ) . . . . . 167
\lhookswarrow (6) . . . . . 73
non-ASCII . . . . . . . . 15 \lilyGlyph{. . . } ( ) . . . . . 167
\lhookuparrow (1) . . . . . 77
slashed . . . . . . . . . . 216
\lhookuparrow (1) . . . . . . 73
variant Greek . . . . . . 92 \lilyGlyph{. . . } ( ) . . . . 167
\Libra () . . . . . . . . . . . 122
variant
Latin . . . . . . 92
\Libra (X) . . . . . . . . . . . 124 \lilyGlyph{. . . } ( ) . . . . 167
\levaw ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . 100 \libra (a) . . . . . . . . . . 122
Lie derivative () . . . . . . see \lilyGlyph{. . . } ( ) . . . . 167
\LF () . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 126 alphabets, math \lilyGlyph{. . . } ( ) . . . . 167
\lfbowtie7 () . . . . . . . . 56 \Liechtenstein () . . . . . 181 \lilyGlyph{. . . } ( ) . . . . . 167
7
\lfilet (77) . . . . . . . . . . . 97 life-insurance symbols 107, 219
\lightbulb (A) . . . . . . . . 223 \lilyGlyph{. . . } ( ) . . . . 167
\lFloor () . . . . . . . . . . . 101 lightbulb.mf (file) . 221, 222 \lilyGlyph{. . . } ( ) . . . . 167
\lfloor () . . . . . . . . . . . 96 lightbulb.sty (file) . . . . 223 \lilyGlyph{. . . } ( ) . . . . 167
lightbulb10.2602gf (file) 221 \lilyGlyph{. . . } ( ) . . . . . 167
\lfloor () . . . . . . . . . . . 99 lightbulb10.dvi (file) . . 221 \lilyGlyph{. . . } ( ) . . . . . 167
lightbulb10.mf (file) 221223
\lfloor ( ) . . . . . . . . . . 97
\lilyGlyph{. . . } ( ) . . . . 166
lightbulb10.tfm (file) . . 223
\lilyGlyph{. . . } ( ) . . . 166
\Lightning (E) . . . . . . . . 126
\lfloor ( ) . . . . . . . . . . 100 
\Lightning ( ) . . . . . . . 171
\lilyGlyph{. . . } () . . . . . 166

\lftborder ( ) . . . . . . . 176

\Lightning (E vs. ) . . . 212
\lilyGlyph{. . . }
\lilyGlyph{. . . }
( ) .
( ) .
.
.
.
.
.
.
166
166

\lftbotcorner ( ) . . . . . 176
\lightning ( ) . . . . . . . . 71
\lightning ( vs. ) . . . . 212
\lilyGlyph{. . . }
\lilyGlyph{. . . }
() .
() .
.
.
.
.
.
.
166
166
\lftimes () . . . . . . . . . 56
\lfttopcorner () . . . . . 176
\lightning () . . . . . . . . 76
\lightning () . . . . . . . . 73 \lilyGlyph{. . . } ( ) . . 166
\LG (
*) . . . . . . . . ... . . . 125 \lightning () . . . . . . . . 169 \lilyGlyph{. . . } ( ) . . . . 167
\lg (lg) . . . . . . . . ... . . . 89 \Lilith () . . . . . . . . . . 124 \lilyGlyph{. . . } ( ) . . . . 167
\lgblkcircle () .. . . . 137 \lilyAccent ( ) . . . . . . . 157 \lilyGlyph{. . . } ( ) . . . . 167
\lgblkcircle () .. . . . 138 \lilyDynamics{f} ( ) . . 157 \lilyGlyph{. . . } ( ) . . . . 167
\lgblksquare () ... . . . 137 \lilyDynamics{m} ( ) . . . 157 \lilyGlyph{. . . } ( ) . . . . 167
\lgblksquare () .. . . . 138 \lilyDynamics{p} ( ) . . . 157 \lilyGlyph{. . . } ( ) . . . . 167
\lgE () ....... ... . . . 67 \lilyDynamics{r} ( ) . . . 157 \lilyGlyph{. . . } ( ) . . . . 167
\lgroup ( ) . . . .
...... 96 \lilyDynamics{s} ( ) . . . 157 \lilyGlyph{. . . } ( ) . . . . 167
\lilyDynamics{z} ( ) . . . 157 \lilyGlyph{. . . } ( ) . . . . 168


\lilyEspressivo ( ) . 157 \lilyGlyph{. . . } ( ) . . . . 168
\lgroup (
) . . . . ...... 99


\lilyGlyph{. . . } ( ) . . . . 167 \lilyGlyph{. . . } ( ) . . . . 161

\lgroup (

) . . . ...... 97
\lilyGlyph{. . . } ( ) . . . . 167 \lilyGlyph{. . . } ( ) . . . 161

\lgroup ( ) . . . . . . . . . 100 \lilyGlyph{. . . } ( ) . . . . 161
\lilyGlyph{. . . } ( ) . . . . 167
\lgwhtcircle () . . . . . 137 \lilyGlyph{. . . } ( ) . . . 161
\lilyGlyph{. . . } ( ) . . . . 167
\lgwhtcircle () . . . . . 138 \lilyGlyph{. . . } ( ) . . . . 167
\lgwhtsquare () . . . . . . 137 \lilyGlyph{. . . } ( ) . . . . 161
\lilyGlyph{. . . } ( ) . . . . 167
\lgwhtsquare () . . . . . 138
\LHD () . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30 \lilyGlyph{. . . } ( ) . . . . 167
\lilyGlyph{. . . } ( ) . . . . 167 \lilyGlyph{. . . } ( ) . . . 161
\lhd (C) . . . . . . . . . . . 29, 30
\lhd () . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65 \lilyGlyph{. . . } ( ) . . . . 167 \lilyGlyph{. . . } ( ) . . . . 161

269
 \lilyGlyph{. . . } () . . . . 161 \lilyGlyph{. . . } ( ) . . . . . 160
\lilyGlyph{. . . } ( ) . . . . 161
\lilyGlyph{. . . } () . . . . . 168 \lilyGlyph{. . . } ( ) . . . . . 160
\lilyGlyph{. . . } ( ) . . . . 161 \lilyGlyph{. . . } ( ) . . . . 160
\lilyGlyph{. . . } ( ) . . . . . 160
\lilyGlyph{. . . } ( ) . . . . 160
\lilyGlyph{. . . } ( ) . . . . 161
\lilyGlyph{. . . } ( ) . . . . 160 \lilyGlyph{. . . } ( ) . . . . . 160
\lilyGlyph{. . . } ( ) . . . . 161
\lilyGlyph{. . . } ( ) . . . . 160 \lilyGlyph{. . . } ( ) . . . . . 160
\lilyGlyph{. . . } ( ) . . . . 161
\lilyGlyph{. . . } ( ) . . . . 160
\lilyGlyph{. . . } ( ) . . . . 161 \lilyGlyph{. . . } ( ) . . . . . 160
\lilyGlyph{. . . } ( ) . . . . 160
\lilyGlyph{. . . } ( ) . . . . 161 \lilyGlyph{. . . } () . . . . . 160 \lilyGlyph{. . . } ( ) . . . . . 160
\lilyGlyph{. . . } ( ) . . . . 161 \lilyGlyph{. . . } () . . . . . 160
\lilyGlyph{. . . } ( ) . . . . 161 \lilyGlyph{. . . } () . . . . . 160 \lilyGlyph{. . . } ( ) . . . . . 160
\lilyGlyph{. . . } ( ) . . . . 161 \lilyGlyph{. . . } () . . . . . 160 \lilyGlyph{. . . } ( ) . . . . 160
\lilyGlyph{. . . } () . . . . . 160
\lilyGlyph{. . . } ( ) . . . . 161 \lilyGlyph{. . . } ( ) . . . . 160
\lilyGlyph{. . . } () . . . . . 160
\lilyGlyph{. . . } ( ) . . . . 161
\lilyGlyph{. . . } ( ) . . . 160 \lilyGlyph{. . . } ( ) . . . . 160
\lilyGlyph{. . . } ( ) . . . . 161 \lilyGlyph{. . . } ( ) . . . 160
\lilyGlyph{. . . } ( ) . . . . 161 \lilyGlyph{. . . } ( ) . . . 160 \lilyGlyph{. . . } ( ) . . . . 160
\lilyGlyph{. . . } ( ) . . . 160
\lilyGlyph{. . . } ( ) . . . . 161 \lilyGlyph{. . . } () . . . . 160
\lilyGlyph{. . . } ( ) . . . . 161 \lilyGlyph{. . . } ( ) . . . 160
\lilyGlyph{. . . } ( ) . . . . 160
\lilyGlyph{. . . } ( ) . . . . 161 \lilyGlyph{. . . } ( ) . . . 160
\lilyGlyph{. . . } ( ) . . . . 168
\lilyGlyph{. . . } () . . . . . 160
\lilyGlyph{. . . } ( ) . . . . 161 \lilyGlyph{. . . } ( ) . . . . 168
\lilyGlyph{. . . } () . . . . . 160
\lilyGlyph{. . . } () . . . . . 160 \lilyGlyph{. . . } () . . . . . 168
\lilyGlyph{. . . } ( ) . . . . 161 \lilyGlyph{. . . } ( ) . . . . 168
\lilyGlyph{. . . } () . . . . . 160
\lilyGlyph{. . . } ( ) . . . . 161 \lilyGlyph{. . . } () . . . . . 160 \lilyGlyph{. . . } ( ) . . . . 168
\lilyGlyph{. . . } () . . . . . 160 \lilyGlyph{. . . } () . . . . 162
\lilyGlyph{. . . } ( ) . . . 161
\lilyGlyph{. . . } () . . . . 168 \lilyGlyph{. . . } () . . . . 162
\lilyGlyph{. . . } ( ) . . . . 161
\lilyGlyph{. . . } () . . . . . 168 \lilyGlyph{. . . } ( ) . . . . 162
\lilyGlyph{. . . } ( ) . . . . 161 \lilyGlyph{. . . } ( ) . . . . 162
\lilyGlyph{. . . } () . . . . . 168
\lilyGlyph{. . . } ( ) . . . . 161 \lilyGlyph{. . . } ( ) . . . . 168 \lilyGlyph{. . . } ( ) . . . . 162
\lilyGlyph{. . . } ( ) . . . . 168 \lilyGlyph{. . . } () . . . . 162
\lilyGlyph{. . . } ( ) . . . . 161 \lilyGlyph{. . . } () . . . . 162
\lilyGlyph{. . . } ( ) . . . . 160
\lilyGlyph{. . . } () . . . . 162
\lilyGlyph{. . . } ( ) . . . . 161 \lilyGlyph{. . . } ( ) . . . . 160 \lilyGlyph{. . . } ( ) . . . . 162
\lilyGlyph{. . . } ( ) . . . . 160 \lilyGlyph{. . . } () . . . . 162
\lilyGlyph{. . . } ( ) . . . . 161 \lilyGlyph{. . . } ( ) . . . . 162
\lilyGlyph{. . . } ( ) . . . . 160 \lilyGlyph{. . . } () . . . . 162
\lilyGlyph{. . . } ( ) . . . . 161 \lilyGlyph{. . . } ( ) . . . . 162
\lilyGlyph{. . . } ( ) . . . . 160 \lilyGlyph{. . . } () . . . . 162
\lilyGlyph{. . . } ( ) . . . . 161 \lilyGlyph{. . . } ( ) . . . . 160 \lilyGlyph{. . . } ( ) . . . . 162
\lilyGlyph{. . . } ( ) . . . . . 160 \lilyGlyph{. . . } ( ) . . . . 162
\lilyGlyph{. . . } ( ) . . . . 161 \lilyGlyph{. . . } ( ) . . . . . 160 \lilyGlyph{. . . } () . . . . 162
\lilyGlyph{. . . } ( ) . . . . 162
\lilyGlyph{. . . } ( ) . . . . 161 \lilyGlyph{. . . } ( ) . . . . . 160 \lilyGlyph{. . . } () . . . . 162
\lilyGlyph{. . . } ( ) . . . . 162
\lilyGlyph{. . . } ( ) . . . . 161 \lilyGlyph{. . . } ( ) . . . . . 160 \lilyGlyph{. . . } () . . . . 162
\lilyGlyph{. . . } ( ) . . . . . 160 \lilyGlyph{. . . } ( ) . . . . 162
\lilyGlyph{. . . } ( ) . . . . 161 \lilyGlyph{. . . } ( ) . . . . . 160 \lilyGlyph{. . . } () . . . . 162
\lilyGlyph{. . . } ( ) . . . . . 160 \lilyGlyph{. . . } ( ) . . . . 162
\lilyGlyph{. . . } ( ) . . . . 161 \lilyGlyph{. . . } ( ) . . . . 162
\lilyGlyph{. . . } ( ) . . . . . 160 \lilyGlyph{. . . } () . . . . 162
\lilyGlyph{. . . } ( ) . . . . 161 \lilyGlyph{. . . } ( ) . . . . . 160 \lilyGlyph{. . . } ( ) . . . . 162
\lilyGlyph{. . . } ( ) . . . . . 160 \lilyGlyph{. . . } () . . . . 162
\lilyGlyph{. . . } ( ) . . . . 161 \lilyGlyph{. . . } ( ) . . . . 162
\lilyGlyph{. . . } ( ) . . . . . 160 \lilyGlyph{. . . } () . . . . 162
\lilyGlyph{. . . } ( ) . . . . 161
\lilyGlyph{. . . } ( ) . . . . 162
\lilyGlyph{. . . } ( ) . . . . . 160
\lilyGlyph{. . . } ( ) . . . . 161 \lilyGlyph{. . . } () . . . . 162
\lilyGlyph{. . . } ( ) . . . . . 160
\lilyGlyph{. . . } ( ) . . . . 162
\lilyGlyph{. . . } ( ) . . . . . 160
\lilyGlyph{. . . } ( ) . . . 161 \lilyGlyph{. . . } ( ) . . . . 162
\lilyGlyph{. . . } () . .. . . 161 \lilyGlyph{. . . } ( ) . . . . . 160 \lilyGlyph{. . . } ( ) . . . . 162
\lilyGlyph{. . . } () . .. . . 161 \lilyGlyph{. . . } ( ) . . . . 162
\lilyGlyph{. . . } () .. . . 161 \lilyGlyph{. . . } ( ) . . . . . 160 \lilyGlyph{. . . } ( ) . . . . 162

270
\lilyGlyph{. . . } ( ) . . . . 162 \lilyGlyph{. . . } () .. . . 163 \lilyGlyph{. . . } ( ) . . . . 164
\lilyGlyph{. . . } ( ) . . . . 162 \lilyGlyph{. . . } () .. . . 163 \lilyGlyph{. . . } ( ) . . . . 165
\lilyGlyph{. . . } ( ) . . . . 162 \lilyGlyph{. . . } ( ) .. . . 163
\lilyGlyph{. . . } ( ) . . . . 162 \lilyGlyph{. . . } () .. . . 163 \lilyGlyph{. . . } () . . . . 165
\lilyGlyph{. . . } ( ) . . . . 162 \lilyGlyph{. . . } ( ) .. . . 163 \lilyGlyph{. . . } ( ) . . . . 165
\lilyGlyph{. . . } ( ) . . . . 162 \lilyGlyph{. . . } () . . . . . 163 \lilyGlyph{. . . } ( ) . . . . 165
\lilyGlyph{. . . } ( ) .. . . 163 \lilyGlyph{. . . } () . . . . . 165
\lilyGlyph{. . . } ( ) . . . . 162 \lilyGlyph{. . . } () . . . . . 165
\lilyGlyph{. . . } ( ) .. . . 164
\lilyGlyph{. . . } ( ) . . . . 162 \lilyGlyph{. . . } ( ) .. . . 164 \lilyGlyph{. . . } () . . . . . 165
\lilyGlyph{. . . } ( ) .. . . 163 \lilyGlyph{. . . } () . . . . . 165
\lilyGlyph{. . . } ( ) . . . . 162
\lilyGlyph{. . . } () .. . . 164 \lilyGlyph{. . . } () . . . . . 165
\lilyGlyph{. . . } ( ) . . . . 162
\lilyGlyph{. . . } ( ) .. . . 164 \lilyGlyph{. . . } () . . . . . 165
\lilyGlyph{. . . } ( ) . . . . 162 \lilyGlyph{. . . } ( ) .. . . 164 \lilyGlyph{. . . } () . . . . . 165
\lilyGlyph{. . . } () .. . . 164 \lilyGlyph{. . . } () . . . . . 165
\lilyGlyph{. . . } ( ) . . . 162 \lilyGlyph{. . . } () . . . . . 165
\lilyGlyph{. . . } ( ) .. . . 164
\lilyGlyph{. . . } ( ) . . . . 162 \lilyGlyph{. . . } ( ) .. . . 163 \lilyGlyph{. . . } () . . . . . 165
\lilyGlyph{. . . } ( ) .. . . 164 \lilyGlyph{. . . } () . . . . . 165
\lilyGlyph{. . . } ( ) . . . . 163
\lilyGlyph{. . . } ( ) .. . . 164 \lilyGlyph{. . . } () . . . . 165
\lilyGlyph{. . . } ( ) . . . 163 \lilyGlyph{. . . } () . . . . 165
\lilyGlyph{. . . } ( ) .. . . 164
\lilyGlyph{. . . } ( ) . . . . 163 \lilyGlyph{. . . } ( ) .. . . 164 \lilyGlyph{. . . } () . . . . . 165
\lilyGlyph{. . . } () .. . . 164 \lilyGlyph{. . . } () . . . . . 165
\lilyGlyph{. . . } ( ) . . . . 163
\lilyGlyph{. . . } ( ) .. . . 164 \lilyGlyph{. . . } () . . . . . 165
\lilyGlyph{. . . } ( ) . . . . 163 \lilyGlyph{. . . } () . . . . . 165
\lilyGlyph{. . . } () .. . . 164
\lilyGlyph{. . . } ( ) . . . . 163 \lilyGlyph{. . . } ( ) .. . . 164 \lilyGlyph{. . . } () . . . . . 165
\lilyGlyph{. . . } ( ) . . . . 163 \lilyGlyph{. . . } () . . . . . 164 \lilyGlyph{. . . } () . . . . . 165
\lilyGlyph{. . . } ( ) .. . . 164 \lilyGlyph{. . . } () . . . . . 165
\lilyGlyph{. . . } ( ) . . . 163
\lilyGlyph{. . . } ( ) .. . . 164 \lilyGlyph{. . . } () . . . . . 165
\lilyGlyph{. . . } ( ) . . . . 163 \lilyGlyph{. . . } ( ) .. . . 164 \lilyGlyph{. . . } () . . . . . 165
\lilyGlyph{. . . } () . . . . . 163 \lilyGlyph{. . . } ( ) .. . . 164 \lilyGlyph{. . . } () . . . . . 165
\lilyGlyph{. . . } ( ) . . . . 163 \lilyGlyph{. . . } ( ) .. . . 164 \lilyGlyph{. . . } () . . . . . 165
\lilyGlyph{. . . } ( ) . . . . 163 \lilyGlyph{. . . } () .. . . 164 \lilyGlyph{. . . } () . . . . . 165
\lilyGlyph{. . . } ( ) . . . . 163 \lilyGlyph{. . . } ( ) .. . . 164 \lilyGlyph{. . . } () . . . . 165
\lilyGlyph{. . . } ( ) . . . . 163 \lilyGlyph{. . . } ( ) .. . . 164 \lilyGlyph{. . . } () . . . . 165
\lilyGlyph{. . . } () . . . . 163 \lilyGlyph{. . . } () .. . . 164 \lilyGlyph{. . . } ( ) . . . . 165
\lilyGlyph{. . . } ( ) . . . . 163 \lilyGlyph{. . . } ( ) .. . . 164 \lilyGlyph{. . . } ( ) . . . . 165
\lilyGlyph{. . . } () . . . . 163 \lilyGlyph{. . . } ( ) .. . . 164 \lilyGlyph{. . . } ( ) . . . . 165
\lilyGlyph{. . . } ( ) . . . . 163 \lilyGlyph{. . . } ( ) .. . . 164 \lilyGlyph{. . . } () . . . . 165
\lilyGlyph{. . . } () . . . . 163 \lilyGlyph{. . . } () .. . . 164 \lilyGlyph{. . . } () . . . . 165
\lilyGlyph{. . . } () . . . . 163 \lilyGlyph{. . . } ( ) . . . 164 \lilyGlyph{. . . } () . . . . 165
\lilyGlyph{. . . } ( ) . . . . 163 \lilyGlyph{. . . } ( ) . . 164 \lilyGlyph{. . . } ( ) . . . . 165
\lilyGlyph{. . . } () . . . . 163 \lilyGlyph{. . . } () .. . . 164 \lilyGlyph{. . . } () . . . . 165
\lilyGlyph{. . . } ( ) . . . . 163 \lilyGlyph{. . . } ( ) .. . . 164 \lilyGlyph{. . . } ( ) . . . . 165
\lilyGlyph{. . . } () . . . . . 163 \lilyGlyph{. . . } () .. . . 164 \lilyGlyph{. . . } () . . . . 165
\lilyGlyph{. . . } ( ) . . . . 163 \lilyGlyph{. . . } ( ) . . . 164 \lilyGlyph{. . . } ( ) . . . . 165
\lilyGlyph{. . . } ( ) . . . . 163 \lilyGlyph{. . . } ( ) . . . . 164 \lilyGlyph{. . . } () . . . . 165
\lilyGlyph{. . . } ( ) . . . . 163 \lilyGlyph{. . . } ( ) . . . . 165
\lilyGlyph{. . . } ( ) . . . . 163 \lilyGlyph{. . . } ( ) . . . . 164
\lilyGlyph{. . . } ( ) . . . . 165
\lilyGlyph{. . . } () . . . . 163 \lilyGlyph{. . . } ( ) . . . . 164 \lilyGlyph{. . . } () . . . . 165
\lilyGlyph{. . . } ( ) . . . . 163 \lilyGlyph{. . . } () . . . . 164 \lilyGlyph{. . . } ( ) . . . . 165
\lilyGlyph{. . . } ( ) . . . . 163 \lilyGlyph{. . . } ( ) . . . . 164 \lilyGlyph{. . . } () . . . . 165
\lilyGlyph{. . . } () . . . . 163 \lilyGlyph{. . . } ( ) . . . . 164 \lilyGlyph{. . . } ( ) . . . . 165
\lilyGlyph{. . . } ( ) . . . . 163 \lilyGlyph{. . . } ( ) . . . . 164 \lilyGlyph{. . . } () . . . . 165
\lilyGlyph{. . . } ( ) . . . 163 \lilyGlyph{. . . } ( ) . . . . 164 \lilyGlyph{. . . } ( ) . . . . 165
\lilyGlyph{. . . } () . . . . 163 \lilyGlyph{. . . } ( ) . . . . 164 \lilyGlyph{. . . } () . . . . 165
\lilyGlyph{. . . } ( ) . . . . 163 \lilyGlyph{. . . } ( ) . . . . 164 \lilyGlyph{. . . } ( ) . . . . 165
\lilyGlyph{. . . } ( ) . . . . 163 \lilyGlyph{. . . } () . . . . 164 \lilyGlyph{. . . } ( ) . . . . 166
\lilyGlyph{. . . } () . . . . 163 \lilyGlyph{. . . } () . . . . 164 \lilyGlyph{. . . } () . . . . 166
\lilyGlyph{. . . } ( ) . . . . 163 \lilyGlyph{. . . } ( ) . . . . 166
\lilyGlyph{. . . } ( ) . . . . 164
\lilyGlyph{. . . } ( ) . . . . 163 \lilyGlyph{. . . } () . . . . 166
\lilyGlyph{. . . } ( ) . . . . 163 \lilyGlyph{. . . } () . . . . 164 \lilyGlyph{. . . } ( ) . . . . 166
\lilyGlyph{. . . } ( ) . . . . 163 \lilyGlyph{. . . } () . . . . 164 \lilyGlyph{. . . } () . . . . 166
\lilyGlyph{. . . } ( ) . . . . 163 \lilyGlyph{. . . } () . . . . 164 \lilyGlyph{. . . } ( ) . . . . 166
\lilyGlyph{. . . } ( ) . . . . 163 \lilyGlyph{. . . } ( ) . . . . 164 \lilyGlyph{. . . } () . . . . 166

271
\lilyGlyph{. . . } ( ) . . . . 166 \lilyGlyph{. . . } ( ) . . . . 159 \lilyGlyph{. . . } () . . . . . 158
\lilyGlyph{. . . } ( ) . . . . 166 \lilyGlyph{. . . } ( ) . . . . 158
\lilyGlyph{. . . } ( ) . . . . 166 \lilyGlyph{. . . } ( ) . . . . 159 \lilyGlyph{. . . } ( ) . . . . 158
\lilyGlyph{. . . } ( ) . . . . 166 \lilyGlyph{. . . } () . . . . 158
\lilyGlyph{. . . } ( ) . . . . 166 \lilyGlyph{. . . } ( ) . . . . 159 \lilyGlyph{. . . } ( ) . . . . 158
\lilyGlyph{. . . } ( ) . . . . 166 \lilyGlyph{. . . } () . . . . . 159 \lilyGlyph{. . . } () . . . . 158
\lilyGlyph{. . . } ( ) . . . . 166 \lilyGlyph{. . . } () . . . . . 159 \lilyGlyph{. . . } ( ) . . . . 158
\lilyGlyph{. . . } ( ) . . . . 166 \lilyGlyph{. . . } ( ) . . . . 159 \lilyGlyph{. . . } ( ) . . . . 158
\lilyGlyph{. . . } ( ) . . . . 166 \lilyGlyph{. . . } () . . . . . 159 \lilyGlyph{. . . } ( ) . . . . 158
\lilyGlyph{. . . } ( ) . . . . 166 \lilyGlyph{. . . } () . . . . . 159 \lilyGlyph{. . . } () . . . . . 158
\lilyGlyph{. . . } ( ) . . . . 166 \lilyGlyph{. . . } () . . . . . 159 \lilyGlyph{. . . } ( ) . . . 158
\lilyGlyph{. . . } () . . . . . 159 \lilyGlyph{. . . } ( ) . . . 158
\lilyGlyph{. . . } ( ) . . . . 166
\lilyGlyph{. . . } () . . . . . 159 \lilyGlyph{. . . } () . . . . 158
\lilyGlyph{. . . } ( ) . . . . 166 \lilyGlyph{. . . } ( ) . . . . 159 \lilyGlyph{. . . } ( ) . . . . 158
\lilyGlyph{. . . } ( ) . . . . 166 \lilyGlyph{. . . } ( ) . . . . 159 \lilyGlyph{. . . } () . . . . 158
\lilyGlyph{. . . } ( ) . . . . 168 \lilyGlyph{. . . } () . . . . 158
\lilyGlyph{. . . } ( ) . . . . 166
\lilyGlyph{. . . } ( ) . . . . 158 \lilyGlyph{. . . } ( ) . . . 158
\lilyGlyph{. . . } ( ) . . . . 166 \lilyGlyph{. . . } ( ) . . . . 158 \lilyGlyph{. . . } ( ) . . . . 158
\lilyGlyph{. . . } () . . . . 158 \lilyGlyph{. . . } ( ) . . . 158
\lilyGlyph{. . . } ( ) . . . 166
\lilyGlyph{. . . } () . . . . . 158 \lilyGlyph{. . . } () . . . . . 158
\lilyGlyph{. . . } ( ) . . . . 166 \lilyGlyph{. . . } ( ) . . . . 158
\lilyGlyph{. . . } ( ) . . . . 166 \lilyGlyph{. . . } ( ) . . . . 158 \lilyGlyph{. . . } ( ) . . . . 159
\lilyGlyph{. . . } ( ) . . . . 158 \lilyGlyph{. . . } () . . . . . 159
\lilyGlyph{. . . } ( ) . . . 166
\lilyGlyph{. . . } ( ) . . . . 158 \lilyGlyph{. . . } ( ) . . . 159
\lilyGlyph{. . . } ( ) . . . . 166 \lilyGlyph{. . . } () . . . . . 158 \lilyGlyph{. . . } ( ) . . . . 159
\lilyGlyph{. . . } ( ) . . . . 166 \lilyGlyph{. . . } ( ) . . . . 158
\lilyGlyph{. . . } ( ) . . . . 166 \lilyGlyph{. . . } () . . . . . 158
\lilyGlyph{. . . } ( ) . . . 158 \lilyGlyph{. . . } ( ) . . . 159
\lilyGlyph{. . . } ( ) . . . . 166 \lilyGlyph{. . . } ( ) . . . 158 \lilyGlyph{. . . } ( ) . . . . 168
\lilyGlyph{. . . } ( ) . . . . 166 \lilyGlyph{. . . } () . . . . 158 \lilyGlyph{. . . } ( ) . . . . 168
\lilyGlyph{. . . } ( ) . . . 166 \lilyGlyph{. . . } ( ) . . . . 158 \lilyGlyph{. . . } ( ) . . . . 168
\lilyGlyph{. . . } ( ) . . . 158 \lilyGlyph{. . . } ( ) . . . . 168
\lilyGlyph{. . . } ( ) . . . . 166 \lilyGlyph{. . . } ( ) . . . 158 \lilyGlyph{. . . } ( ) . . . . 168
\lilyGlyph{. . . } ( ) . . . . 168 \lilyGlyph{. . . } () . . . . 158 \lilyGlyph{. . . } ( ) . . . . 168
\lilyGlyph{. . . } ( ) . . . . 159 \lilyGlyph{. . . } () . . . . 158 \lilyGlyph{. . . } ( ) . . . . 158
\lilyGlyph{. . . } () . . . . . 159 \lilyGlyph{. . . } ( ) . . . . 158 \lilyGlyph{. . . } ( ) . . . . 158
\lilyGlyph{. . . } () . . . . 159 \lilyGlyph{. . . } () . . . . . 158
\lilyGlyph{. . . } ( ) . . . 159 \lilyGlyph{. . . } ( ) . . . . 158
\lilyGlyph{. . . } ( ) . . . . 158
\lilyGlyph{. . . } ( ) . . . . 159 \lilyGlyph{. . . } ( ) . . . . 158
\lilyGlyph{. . . } ( ) . . . . 158
\lilyGlyph{. . . } ( ) . . . . 159 \lilyGlyph{. . . } ( ) . . . . 158
\lilyGlyph{. . . } () . . . . . 158
\lilyGlyph{. . . } () . . . . 159 \lilyGlyph{. . . } ( ) . . . 158 \lilyGlyph{. . . } ( ) . . . . 158
\lilyGlyph{. . . } () . . . . . 168 \lilyGlyph{. . . } ( ) . . . 158 \lilyGlyph{. . . } ( ) . . . . 158
\lilyGlyph{. . . } () . . . . 168 \lilyGlyph{. . . } () . . . . 158 \lilyGlyph{. . . } ( ) . . . . 158
\lilyGlyph{. . . } ( ) . . . . 168 \lilyGlyph{. . . } () . . . . 158 \lilyGlyph{. . . } ( ) . . . . 158
\lilyGlyph{. . . } () . . . . . 159 \lilyGlyph{. . . } ( ) . . . . 158 \lilyGlyph{. . . } ( ) . . . . 158
\lilyGlyph{. . . } () . . . . . 159 \lilyGlyph{. . . } () . . . . . 158 \lilyGlyph{. . . } ( ) . . . . 158
\lilyGlyph{. . . } ( ) . . . 159 \lilyGlyph{. . . } () . . . . . 158 \lilyGlyph{. . . } ( ) . . . . 158
\lilyGlyph{. . . } ( ) . . . . 159 \lilyGlyph{. . . } ( ) . . . 159 \lilyGlyph{. . . } ( ) . . . . 158
\lilyGlyph{. . . } () . . . . . 159 \lilyGlyph{. . . } () .. . . . 159 \lilyGlyph{. . . } ( ) . . . . 158
\lilyGlyph{. . . } () . . . . . 159 \lilyGlyph{. . . } ( ) . . . . 159 \lilyGlyph{. . . } ( ) . . . . 158
\lilyGlyph{. . . } ( ) . . . 159 \lilyGlyph{. . . } () . . . . 159 \lilyGlyph{. . . } ( ) . . . . 158
\lilyGlyph{. . . } ( ) . . . . 159 \lilyGlyph{. . . } ( ) . . . 159 \lilyGlyph{. . . } ( ) . . . . 158
\lilyGlyph{. . . } () . . . . 159 \lilyGlyph{. . . } ( ) . . . 158 \lilyGlyph{. . . } ( ) . . . . 158
\lilyGlyph{. . . } () . . . . 159 \lilyGlyph{. . . } ( ) . . . 158 \lilyGlyph{. . . } ( ) . . . . 158
\lilyGlyph{. . . } () . . . . 159 \lilyGlyph{. . . } ( ) . . . 158 \lilyGlyph{. . . } ( ) . . . . 158
\lilyGlyph{. . . } () . . . . 159 \lilyGlyph{. . . } ( ) . . . . 159 \lilyGlyph{. . . } ( ) . . . . 158
\lilyGlyph{. . . } () . . . . 159 \lilyGlyph{. . . } () . . . . . 158 \lilyGlyph{. . . } ( ) . . . . 158
\lilyGlyph{. . . } () . . . . 159 \lilyGlyph{. . . } ( ) . . . . 158 \lilyGlyph{. . . } ( ) . . . . 158
\lilyGlyph{. . . } () . . . . 159 \lilyGlyph{. . . } () .. . . . 158 \lilyGlyph{. . . } ( ) . . . . 158
\lilyGlyph{. . . } () . . . . 159 \lilyGlyph{. . . } ( ) . . . . 158 \lilyGlyph{. . . } ( ) . . . . 168
\lilyGlyph{. . . } () . . . . 159 \lilyGlyph{. . . } ( ) . . . . 158 \lilyGlyph{. . . } ( ) . . . . 168
\lilyGlyph{. . . } ( ) . . . . 159 \lilyGlyph{. . . } ( ) . . . . 158 \lilyGlyph{. . . } ( ) . . . . 168

272
 (package) . . . 152, \LinearACCCLXXX () . . . . 145 \LinearACCLIV (K) . . . . . . 144
155162, 166168 \LinearACCCLXXXI () . . . 145 \LinearACCLIX (P) . . . . . . 144
lilyglyphs (package) . . . . . 231 \LinearACCCLXXXII () . . 145 \LinearACCLV (L) . . . . . . 144
\lilyPrintMoreDots . . . . 156 \LinearACCCLXXXIII () . 145 \LinearACCLVI (M) . . . . . . 144
\lilyRF ( ) . . . . . . . . . . 157 \LinearACCCLXXXIV () . 145 \LinearACCLVII (N) . . . . . 144
\lilyRFZ ( ) . . . . . . . . 157 \LinearACCCLXXXIX () . 145 \LinearACCLVIII (O) . . . 144
\lilyStaccato ( ) . . . . . . 157 \LinearACCCLXXXV () . . . 145 \LinearACCLX (Q) . . . . . . 144
\lilyText . . . . . . . . . . . . 168 \LinearACCCLXXXVI () . . 145 \LinearACCLXI (R) . . . . . . 144
\lilyThumb ( ) . . . . . . . . . 157 \LinearACCCLXXXVII () . 145 \LinearACCLXII (S) . . . . . 144
\lilyTimeC ( ) . . . . . . . . 156 \LinearACCCLXXXVIII () 145 \LinearACCLXIII (T) . . . . 145
\lilyTimeCHalf ( ) . . . . 156 \LinearACCCV (~) . . . . . . . 143 \LinearACCLXIV (U) . . . . 145
\lilyTimeSignature . . . . 156 \LinearACCCVI () . . . . . 143 \LinearACCLXIX (Z) . . . . 145
\lim (lim) . . . . . . . . . 89, 224 \LinearACCCVII () . . . . 143 \LinearACCLXV (V) . . . . . 145
\liminf (lim inf) . . . . 89, 224 \LinearACCCVIII () . . . 144 \LinearACCLXVI (W) . . . . . 145
limits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89 \LinearACCCX () . . . . . . 144 \LinearACCLXVII (X) . . . . 145
\limsup (lim sup) . . . 89, 224 \LinearACCCXI () . . . . . 144 \LinearACCLXVIII (Y) . . . 145
\linbfamily . . . . . . 146, 147 \LinearACCCXII () . . . . 144 \LinearACCLXX ([) . . . . . 145
Linear A . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143 \LinearACCCXIII () . . . 144 \LinearACCLXXI (\) . . . . . 145
Linear B . . . . . . . . . 146, 147 \LinearACCCXIV () . . . . 144 \LinearACCLXXII (]) . . . . 145
linear implication . . . . . . see \LinearACCCXIX () . . . . 144 \LinearACCLXXIII (^) . . 145
\multimap \LinearACCCXL () . . . . . 144 \LinearACCLXXIV (_) . . . . 145
linear logic symbols 2830, 34, \LinearACCCXLI () . . . . 144 \LinearACCLXXIX (d) . . . . 145
35, 39, 4344, 48, 59, 93, \LinearACCCXLII () . . . . 144 \LinearACCLXXV (`) . . . . 145
94 \LinearACCCXLIII () . . . 144 \LinearACCLXXVI (a) . . . . 145
linearA (package) 143, 231, 232 \LinearACCCXLIV () . . . 144 \LinearACCLXXVII (b) . . . 145
\LinearAC (c) . . . . . . . . . 143 \LinearACCCXLIX () . . . . 144 \LinearACCLXXVIII (c) . . 145
\LinearACC () . . . . . . . . 143 \LinearACCCXLV () . . . . 144 \LinearACCLXXX (e) . . . . 145
\LinearACCC (y) . . . . . . . 143 \LinearACCCXLVI () . . . 144 \LinearACCLXXXI (f) . . . . 145
\LinearACCCI (z) . . . . . . . 143 \LinearACCCXLVII () . . . 144 \LinearACCLXXXII (g) . . . 145
\LinearACCCII ({) . . . . . 143 \LinearACCCXLVIII () . . 144 \LinearACCLXXXIII (h) . . 145
\LinearACCCIII (|) . . . . 143 \LinearACCCXV () . . . . . 144 \LinearACCLXXXIV (i) . . 145
\LinearACCCIV (}) . . . . . 143 \LinearACCCXVI () . . . . . 144 \LinearACCLXXXIX (n) . . . 145
\LinearACCCIX () . . . . . 144 \LinearACCCXVII () . . . . 144 \LinearACCLXXXV (j) . . . 145
\LinearACCCL () . . . . . . 144 \LinearACCCXVIII () . . 144 \LinearACCLXXXVI (k) . . . 145
\LinearACCCLI () . . . . . 144 \LinearACCCXX () . . . . . 144 \LinearACCLXXXVII (l) . . 145
\LinearACCCLII () . . . . 144 \LinearACCCXXI () . . . . 144 \LinearACCLXXXVIII (m) . 145
\LinearACCCLIII () . . . . 144 \LinearACCCXXII () . . . . 144 \LinearACCLXXXX (o) . . . 145
\LinearACCCLIV () . . . . . 144 \LinearACCCXXIII () . . . 144 \LinearACCV () . . . . . . . 143
\LinearACCCLIX () . . . . 144 \LinearACCCXXIV () . . . . 144 \LinearACCVI () . . . . . . 143
\LinearACCCLV () . . . . . 144 \LinearACCCXXIX () . . . . 144 \LinearACCVII () . . . . . 143
\LinearACCCLVI () . . . . 144 \LinearACCCXXV () . . . . 144 \LinearACCVIII () . . . . . 143
\LinearACCCLVII () . . . 144 \LinearACCCXXVI () . . . . 144 \LinearACCX () . . . . . . . 144
\LinearACCCLVIII () . . . 144 \LinearACCCXXVII () . . . 144 \LinearACCXCI (p) . . . . . 145
\LinearACCCLX () . . . . . 144 \LinearACCCXXVIII () . . 144 \LinearACCXCII (q) . . . . 145
\LinearACCCLXI () . . . . 145 \LinearACCCXXX () . . . . 144 \LinearACCXCIII (r) . . . . 145
\LinearACCCLXII () . . . . 145 \LinearACCCXXXI () . . . . 144 \LinearACCXCIV (s) . . . . 145
\LinearACCCLXIII () . . . 145 \LinearACCCXXXII () . . 144 \LinearACCXCIX (x) . . . . 143
\LinearACCCLXIV () . . . 145 \LinearACCCXXXIII () . . 144 \LinearACCXCV (t) . . . . . 143
\LinearACCCLXIX () . . . . 145 \LinearACCCXXXIV () . . . 144 \LinearACCXCVI (u) . . . . 143
\LinearACCCLXV () . . . . 145 \LinearACCCXXXIX () . . . 144 \LinearACCXCVII (v) . . . . 143
\LinearACCCLXVI () . . . . 145 \LinearACCCXXXV () . . . . 144 \LinearACCXCVIII (w) . . 143
\LinearACCCLXVII () . . . 145 \LinearACCCXXXVI () . . . 144 \LinearACCXI ( ) . . . . . . 144
\LinearACCCLXVIII () . . 145 \LinearACCCXXXVII () . 144 \LinearACCXII (!) . . . . . 144
\LinearACCCLXX () . . . . . 145 \LinearACCCXXXVIII () . 144 \LinearACCXIII (") . . . . 144
\LinearACCCLXXI () . . . 145 \LinearACCI () . . . . . . . 143 \LinearACCXIV (#) . . . . . 144
\LinearACCCLXXII () . . 145 \LinearACCII () . . . . . . 143 \LinearACCXIX (() . . . . . 144
\LinearACCCLXXIII () . 145 \LinearACCIII () . . . . . 143 \LinearACCXL (=) . . . . . . 144
\LinearACCCLXXIV () . . . 145 \LinearACCIV () . . . . . 143 \LinearACCXLI (>) . . . . . 144
\LinearACCCLXXIX () . . 145 \LinearACCIX () . . . . . . 143 \LinearACCXLII (?) . . . . . 144
\LinearACCCLXXV () . . . . 145 \LinearACCL (G) . . . . . . . 144 \LinearACCXLIII (@) . . . 144
\LinearACCCLXXVI () . . 145 \LinearACCLI (H) . . . . . . 144 \LinearACCXLIV (A) . . . . . 144
\LinearACCCLXXVII () . . 145 \LinearACCLII (I) . . . . . 144 \LinearACCXLIX (F) . . . . 144
\LinearACCCLXXVIII () . 145 \LinearACCLIII (J) . . . . . 144 \LinearACCXLV (B) . . . . . 144

273
lilyglyphs
\LinearACCXLVI (C) . . . . 144 \LinearACLXXXI () . . . . 145 \LinearACXXXVIII () . . 144
\LinearACCXLVII (D) . . . . 144 \LinearACLXXXII () . . . . 145 \LinearAI ( ) . . . . . . . . . 143
\LinearACCXLVIII (E) . . . 144 \LinearACLXXXIII () . . . 145 \LinearAII (
) . . . . . . . . 143
\LinearACCXV ($) . . . . . . 144 \LinearACLXXXIV () . . . 145 \LinearAIII () . . . . . . . 143
\LinearACCXVI (%) . . . . . . 144 \LinearACLXXXIX (
) . . . . 145 \LinearAIV () . . . . . . . . 143
\LinearACCXVII (&) . . . . . 144 \LinearACLXXXV () . . . . . 145 \LinearAIX () . . . . . . . . 143
\LinearACCXVIII (') . . . . 144 \LinearACLXXXVI () . . . 145 \LinearAL (1) . . . . . . . . . 144
\LinearACCXX ()) . . . . . . 144 \LinearACLXXXVII () . . . 145 \LinearALI (2) . . . . . . . . 144
\LinearACCXXI (*) . . . . . 144 \LinearACLXXXVIII ( ) . . 145 \LinearALII (3) . . . . . . . 144
\LinearACCXXII (+) . . . . 144 \LinearACLXXXX () . . . . 145 \LinearALIII (4) . . . . . . 144
\LinearACCXXIII (,) . . . . 144 \LinearACV (h) . . . . . . . . 143 \LinearALIV (5) . . . . . . . 144
\LinearACCXXIV (-) . . . . . 144 \LinearACVI (i) . . . . . . . 143 \LinearALIX (:) . . . . . . . 144
\LinearACCXXIX (2) . . . . 144 \LinearACVII (j) . . . . . . 143
\LinearALV (6) . . . . . . . . 144
\LinearACCXXV (.) . . . . . 144 \LinearACVIII (k) . . . . . 143
\LinearALVI (7) . . . . . . . 144
\LinearACCXXVI (/) . . . . 144 \LinearACX (m) . . . . . . . . 143
\LinearALVII (8) . . . . . . 144
\LinearACCXXVII (0) . . . 144 \LinearACXCI () . . . . . . 145
\LinearACCXXVIII (1) . . 144 \LinearALVIII (9) . . . . . 144
\LinearACXCII ( ) . . . . . 145
\LinearACCXXX (3) . . . . . 144 \LinearACXCIII () . . . . . 145 \LinearALX (;) . . . . . . . . 144
\LinearACCXXXI (4) . . . . . 144 \LinearACXCIV () . . . . . 145 \LinearALXI (<) . . . . . . . 144
\LinearACCXXXII (5) . . . . 144 \LinearACXCIX () . . . . . 143 \LinearALXII (=) . . . . . . 144
\LinearACCXXXIII (6) . . . 144 \LinearACXCV () . . . . . . . 145 \LinearALXIII (>) . . . . . 144
\LinearACCXXXIV (7) . . . 144 \LinearACXCVI () . . . . . 145 \LinearALXIV (?) . . . . . . 144
\LinearACCXXXIX (<) . . . 144 \LinearACXCVII () . . . . 143 \LinearALXIX (D) . . . . . . 145
\LinearACCXXXV (8) . . . . . 144 \LinearACXCVIII () . . . . 143 \LinearALXV (@) . . . . . . . 144
\LinearACCXXXVI (9) . . . . 144 \LinearACXI (n) . . . . . . . 143 \LinearALXVI (A) . . . . . . 144
\LinearACCXXXVII (:) . . 144 \LinearACXII (o) . . . . . . 144 \LinearALXVII (B) . . . . . 145
\LinearACCXXXVIII (;) . . 144 \LinearACXIII (p) . . . . . 144 \LinearALXVIII (C) . . . . . 145
\LinearACI (d) . . . . . . . . 143 \LinearACXIV (q) . . . . . . 144 \LinearALXX (E) . . . . . . . 145
\LinearACII (e) . . . . . . . 143 \LinearACXIX (v) . . . . . . 144 \LinearALXXI (F) . . . . . . 145
\LinearACIII (f) . . . . . . 143 \LinearACXL () . . . . . . . 144 \LinearALXXII (G) . . . . . 145
\LinearACIV (g) . . . . . . . 143 \LinearACXLI () . . . . . . 144 \LinearALXXIII (H) . . . . 145
\LinearACIX (l) . . . . . . . 143 \LinearACXLII () . . . . . 144 \LinearALXXIV (I) . . . . . 145
\LinearACL () . . . . . . . . 144 \LinearACXLIII () . . . . 144 \LinearALXXIX (N) . . . . . 145
\LinearACLI () . . . . . . . 144 \LinearACXLIV () . . . . . 144 \LinearALXXV (J) . . . . . . 145
\LinearACLII () . . . . . . 144 \LinearACXLIX () . . . . . 144 \LinearALXXVI (K) . . . . . 145
\LinearACLIII () . . . . . 144 \LinearACXLV () . . . . . . 144 \LinearALXXVII (L) . . . . 145
\LinearACLIV () . . . . . . 144 \LinearACXLVI () . . . . . 144 \LinearALXXVIII (M) . . . . 145
\LinearACLIX () . . . . . . 144 \LinearACXLVII () . . . . 144 \LinearALXXX (O) . . . . . . 145
\LinearACLV () . . . . . . . 144 \LinearACXLVIII () . . . 144 \LinearALXXXI (P) . . . . . 145
\LinearACLVI () . . . . . . 144 \LinearACXV (r) . . . . . . . 144 \LinearALXXXII (Q) . . . . . 145
\LinearACLVII () . . . . . 144 \LinearACXVI (s) . . . . . . 144 \LinearALXXXIII (R) . . . . 145
\LinearACLVIII () . . . . 144 \LinearACXVII (t) . . . . . 144
\LinearALXXXIV (S) . . . . 145
\LinearACLX () . . . . . . . 144 \LinearACXVIII (u) . . . . . 144 \LinearALXXXIX (X) . . . . 145
\LinearACLXI () . . . . . . 144 \LinearACXX (w) . . . . . . . 144 \LinearALXXXV (T) . . . . . . 145
\LinearACLXII () . . . . . 144 \LinearACXXI (x) . . . . . . 144 \LinearALXXXVI (U) . . . . 145
\LinearACLXIII () . . . . . 144
\LinearACXXII (y) . . . . . 144 \LinearALXXXVII (V) . . . . 145
\LinearACLXIV () . . . . . 144
\LinearACXXIII (z) . . . . 144 \LinearALXXXVIII (W) . . . 145
\LinearACLXIX () . . . . . 145
\LinearACXXIV ({) . . . . . 144 \LinearALXXXX (Y) . . . . . 145
\LinearACLXV () . . . . . . 145
\LinearACXXIX () . . . . . 144 \LinearAV () . . . . . . . . . 143
\LinearACLXVI () . . . . 145
\LinearACLXVII () . . . . 145 \LinearACXXV (|) . . . . . . 144 \LinearAVI () . . . . . . . . 143
\LinearACLXVIII () . . . 145 \LinearACXXVI (}) . . . . . 144 \LinearAVII () . . . . . . . 143
\LinearACLXX () . . . . . . 145 \LinearACXXVII (~) . . . . 144 \LinearAVIII () . . . . . . 143
\LinearACLXXI () . . . . . 145 \LinearACXXVIII () . . . 144 \LinearAX ( ) . . . . . . . . . 143
\LinearACLXXII () . . . . 145 \LinearACXXX () . . . . . . 144 \LinearAXCI (Z) . . . . . . . 145
\LinearACLXXIII () . . . 145 \LinearACXXXI () . . . . . 144 \LinearAXCII ([) . . . . . . 145
\LinearACLXXIV () . . . . 145 \LinearACXXXII () . . . . 144 \LinearAXCIII (\) . . . . . 145
\LinearACLXXIX ( ) . . . . . 145 \LinearACXXXIII () . . . . 144 \LinearAXCIV (]) . . . . . . 145
\LinearACLXXV () . . . . . 145 \LinearACXXXIV () . . . . . 144 \LinearAXCIX (b) . . . . . . 143
\LinearACLXXVI () . . . . 145 \LinearACXXXIX () . . . . 144 \LinearAXCV (^) . . . . . . . 145
\LinearACLXXVII () . . . . 145 \LinearACXXXV () . . . . . 144 \LinearAXCVI (_) . . . . . . 145
\LinearACLXXVIII () . . . 145 \LinearACXXXVI () . . . . 144 \LinearAXCVII (`) . . . . . . 145
\LinearACLXXX (
) . . . . . 145 \LinearACXXXVII () . . . . 144 \LinearAXCVIII (a) . . . . . 145

274
\LinearAXI (
) . . . . . . . . 143 \llap . . . . . . . . . 24, 25, 218 \lneqq () . . . . . . . . . . . 65
\LinearAXII () . . . . . . . 143 \llarc () . . . . . . . . . . . 117 \lneqq () . . . . . . . . . . . 64
\LinearAXIII () . . . . . . 143 \llblacktriangle () . . 138 \lneqq () . . . . . . . . . . . 67
\LinearAXIV ( ) . . . . . . . 144 \llbracket (~) . . . . . . . . 96 \lnot . . . . . . . . . . . see \neg

\LinearAXIX () . . . . . . . 144 \lnot () . . . . . . . . . . . . 116
\llbracket ( ) . . . . . . . . 101
\LinearAXL (') . . . . . . . . 144 \lnot () . . . . . . . . . . . . 116
\LinearAXLI (() . . . . . . . 144 \lnot () . . . . . . . . . . . . 117
\llceil (V) . . . . . . . . . . . 95
\LinearAXLII ()) . . . . . . 144 \lnsim () . . . . . . . . . . . 63
\llcorner (z) . . . . . . . . . 95
\LinearAXLIII (*) . . . . . 144 \lnsim () . . . . . . . . . . . 62
\llcorner (x) . . . . . . . . . 95
\lnsim () . . . . . . . . . . . 66
\LinearAXLIV (+) . . . . . . 144 \llcorner () . . . . . . . . . 95
\lnsim () . . . . . . . . . . . 65
\LinearAXLIX (0) . . . . . . 144
\llcorner () . . . . . . . . . 99 \lnsim () . . . . . . . . . . . 64
\LinearAXLV (,) . . . . . . . 144 \lnsim () . . . . . . . . . . . 66
\LinearAXLVI (-) . . . . . . 144 \LO () . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125
\LinearAXLVII (.) . . . . . 144 \llcorner () . . . . . . . . . 97
local ring () . see alphabets,
\LinearAXLVIII (/) . . . . 144 math
\llcorner () . . . . . . . . . 95
\LinearAXV () . . . . . . . . 144 \log (log) . . . . . . . . . 89, 224
\llcurly () . . . . . . . . . 50
\LinearAXVI () . . . . . . . 144
\llcurly () . . . . . . . . . 55 log-like symbols . . . . . 89, 224
\LinearAXVII () . . . . . . 144 logic (package) . . . . . . . . . 126
\LLeftarrow () . . . . . . . 83
\LinearAXVIII () . . . . . 144 \Lleftarrow (W) . . . . . . 70 logic gates . . . . . . . . . . . . 126
\LinearAXX () . . . . . . . . 144 \Lleftarrow () . . . . . . . 81 logical operators
\LinearAXXI () . . . . . . . 144 \Lleftarrow () . . . . . . 76 and . . . . . . . see \wedge
\LinearAXXII () . . . . . . 144 \Lleftarrow () . . . . . . 73 not . . see \neg and \sim
\LinearAXXIII () . . . . . 144 \Lleftarrow () . . . . . . . 83 or . . . . . . . . . . see \vee
\LinearAXXIV () . . . . . . 144 \llfloor (T) . . . . . . . . . . 95 \logof () . . . . . . . . . . . 49
\LinearAXXIX () . . . . . . 144 \lll () . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63 lollipop . . . . . . see \multimap
\LinearAXXV () . . . . . . . 144 \lll () . . . . . . . . . . . . 62 long s () . . . . . . . . . . . . . 214
\LinearAXXVI () . . . . . . 144 \lll ( vs. ) . . . . . . . 212 long division . . . . . . 104105
\lll () . . . . . . . . . . . . 66 long-branch runes see normal
\LinearAXXVII () . . . . . 144
\lll () . . . . . . . . . . . . 65 runes
\LinearAXXVIII () . . . . . 144
\LinearAXXX () . . . . . . . 144 \lll () . . . . . . . . . . . . 64
\longa () . . . . . . . . . . . . 153
\lll () . . . . . . . . . . . . 67 \longa () . . . . . . . . . . . 177
\LinearAXXXI () . . . . . . 144
\llless . . . . . . . . . see \lll \longcastling (O-O-O) . 174
\LinearAXXXII () . . . . . 144
\llless () . . . . . . . . . 65 \longdashv () . . . . . . 53
\LinearAXXXIII ( ) . . . . 144
\llless () . . . . . . . . . 64 \longdashv () . . . . . . 56
\LinearAXXXIV (!) . . . . . 144
\llless () . . . . . . . . . 67 longdiv (package) . . . . . . . 104
\LinearAXXXIX (&) . . . . . 144
longdiv.tex (file) . . . . . . 104
\LinearAXXXV (") . . . . . . 144 \lllnest () . . . . . . . . . 67
\LinearAXXXVI (#) . . . . . 144 \llparenthesis (L) . . . . . 95 \longdivision ( ) . 104, 105
\LinearAXXXVII ($) . . . . 144 \llparenthesis () . . . . . 95 \longhookrightarrow () 85
\lltriangle () \longleadsto () . . . . 77
\LinearAXXXVIII (%) . . . . 144 .. . . . . . 138
linearb (package) 146, 147, 231, \Longleftarrow (=) . . . 70
\lmoustache () . . ..... 96
\Longleftarrow () . . . 72
232

\linefeed () . . . . . . . . . 81
\Longleftarrow () . . . 76
\lmoustache ( ) ...... 99 \Longleftarrow () . . . 83
\linefeed () . . . . . . . . 83


\lmoustache (
\longleftarrow () . . . 72
\Lineload (L) . . . . . . . . 127
) ...... 97
linguistic symbols . . . . 1720 \longleftarrow () . . . 70
\longleftarrow () . . . 76
\lmoustache ( ) . . . . . . 100
\longleftarrow () . . . 85

\Lisa (  ) . . . . . . . 177
\ln (ln) . . . . . . .
\lnapprox () . .
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
89
63
\longleftarrow () . . . 83
\longleftfootline () 53
\Lithuania () . . . . . . . . 181 \lnapprox () . . . . . . . . 62 \longleftharpoondown () .
liturgical music . . . . . . . . 154 \lnapprox () . . . . . . . . . 66 . . . . . . . . 86
\lJoin (X) . . . . . . . . . . . 49 \lnapprox () . . . . . . . . . 65 \longleftharpoonup () 86
\lJoin () . . . . . . . . . . . 32 \lnapprox () . . . . . . . . . 64 \Longleftrightarrow () 70
\LK () . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125 \lnapprox () . . . . . . . . . 67 \Longleftrightarrow () 72
\ll (!) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63 \lneq () . . . . . . . . . . . . 63 \Longleftrightarrow () 76
\ll () . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62 \lneq () . . . . . . . . . . . . 62 \Longleftrightarrow () 83
\ll () . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65 \lneq () . . . . . . . . . . . . 66 \longleftrightarrow () 72
\ll () . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64 \lneq () . . . . . . . . . . . . 65 \longleftrightarrow () 70
\ll () . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67 \lneq () . . . . . . . . . . . . 67 \longleftrightarrow () 76
\llangle () ......... 97 \lneqq () . . . . . . . . . . . 63 \longleftrightarrow () 85
\lneqq () . . . . . . . . . . . 62 \longleftrightarrow () 83
\llangle () . . . . . . . . . . 95 \lneqq () . . . . . . . . . . . 66 \longleftsquigarrow () 77

275
\longleftsquigarrow () 83 \lozenge () . . . . . . . . . . 137 \ltlarr () . . . . . . . . . . 66
\longleftwavearrow () 76 \lozenge () . . . . . . . . . 137 \ltquest () . . . . . . . . . 66
\Longmapsfrom (=\) . . . . 71 \lozenge () . . . . . . . . . . 136 \ltriple . . . . . . . . . . . . 101
\Longmapsfrom () . . 53, 76 \lozenge () . . . . . . . . . 138 \ltrivb () . . . . . . . . . . 69
\Longmapsfrom () . . . . 83 \lozengedot () . . . . . . . 137 \LU () . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125
\longmapsfrom ([) . . . . 71 \lozengeminus () . . . . . 137 LuaLATEX . . . . . . . . . . . . 152
\longmapsfrom () . . 53, 76 \lozengeminus () . . . . . 37 Luecking, Dan . . . . . . . . . 217
\longmapsfrom ([) . . . . 85 lozenges . . . . . 115, 136138, \Luxembourg () . . . . . . . . 181
\longmapsfrom () . . . . 83 162166, 169 \lVert () . . . . . . . . . . . 96
\Longmapsto (
=) . . . . . 71 \Lparen (() . . . . . . . . . . . 120 \lVert (||) . . . . . . . . . . . . 101

\Longmapsto () . . . . . 76

\Longmapsto () . . . . . 82 \lParen ( ) . . . . . . . . . . 100 \lVert (
) . . ........ 98
\longmapsto (z) . . . . . . 72 \lvert (|) . . . . ........ 96
\longmapsto () . . . . . 70
\lparen (() . . . . . . . . . . . 99
\lvert ( ) . . .
\longmapsto () . . . . . 76
... . . . . . 98
\longmapsto () . . . . . 85 \lparen (() . . . . . . . . .. . 99 \lvertneqq () ... . . . . . 63
\longmapsto () . . . . . 82
\LongPulseHigh ( & ) . . . 121
\Lparengtr () . . . . . .. . 95 \lvertneqq ( ) .. . . . . . 62
\LongPulseLow ( ' ) . . . 121
\lparenless () . . . .
\lrarc () . . . . . . . .
.
.
.
.
. 95
. 117
\lvertneqq ()
\lvertneqq ()
...
...
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
66
65
\Longrightarrow (=) . . 70 \lrblacktriangle () . . 138 \lvertneqq () ... . . . . . 64
\Longrightarrow () . . 72 \lrcorner ({) . . . . . . .. . 95 \lvertneqq () ... . . . . . 66
\Longrightarrow () . . 76
\lrcorner (y) . . . . . . .. . 95

\Longrightarrow () . . 82 \lrcorner () . . . . . .

\longrightarrow () . . 72
.. . 95 \lVvert ( ) . ........ 98
\longrightarrow () . . 70 \Lvzigzag () . ........ 95
\lrcorner () . . . . . . . . . 98
\longrightarrow () . . 76 \lvzigzag () . ........ 95
\longrightarrow () . . 85
\lrcorner () . . . . . . . . . 97 \lwave ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . 100
\longrightarrow () . . 82
\longrightfootline () 53 _
_
\lWavy ( _
\lrcorner () . . . . . . . . . 95
\longrightharpoondown () _
_) . . ........ 97
^^_
\lrJoin . . . . . . . . see \Join
\lwavy ( ^^^) . . .
. . . . . . . . 86 \lrtimes (\) . . . . . . . . . . 49
........ 97
\lz (1) .^. . . . .
\longrightharpoonup () 86 \lrtimes () . . . . . . . . . 32
\longrightsquigarrow () . ........ 19
\lrtriangle () . . . . . . . 138
. . . . . . . . 77 \lrtriangleeq () . . . . . 69
\longrightsquigarrow () . M
\lsem () . . . . . . . . . . . . 99
L
\M . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
P
. . . . . . . . 82
\longrightwavearrow () 76 \lsem ( P
P
P
\M () . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 176
\m .. . . . . . . . .
) . . . . . . . . . . . 97
\looparrowdownleft () 71 N . . . see \ldbrack
\lsemantic
. . . . . . . . 16
\looparrowdownleft () . 81
ffl
\lsf () . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 153
\m ( ) . . . . . . .
.......
. . . . . . . . 176
\looparrowdownright () 71
\lsfz () . . . . . . . . . . . . . 153
m (m) . . . . . . . . 151
\looparrowdownright () 81 \ma (
) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 176
\Lsh () . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71 \Macedonia () . . . . . . . . . 181
\looparrowleft () . . . . 71
\Lsh () . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70 \macron (a) . . . . . . . . . . . 23
\looparrowleft (") . . . . 70
\Lsh () . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80 macron (a) . . . . . see accents
\looparrowleft () . . . . 81
\Lsh () . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76
\looparrowleft () . . . . 76

\Lsh () . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72
\looparrowleft () . . . . 72
\Lsh () . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82 \Maggie ( ) . . . . . . . 177
\looparrowleft () . . . . 82
\lsime () . . . . . . . . . . . 66 magic (package) . . . . 209, 231
\looparrowright () . . . 71
\lsimg () . . . . . . . . . . . 66 Magic: The Gathering symbols
\looparrowright (#) . . . 70
\lsqhook () . . . . . . . . 56 . . . . . . . 209
\looparrowright () . . . 81
\Lsteel () . . . . . . . . . . 127 magical signs . . . . . . . . . . 178
\looparrowright () . . . 76
\Lt () . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66 \magnon () . . . . . . . . . 128
\looparrowright () . . . 72
\Lt () . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66 majuscules . . . . . . . . . . . 90
\looparrowright () . . . 82
\ltcc () . . . . . . . . . . . . 65 \makeatletter . . . . . . . . 218
\Loosebearing ($) . . . . . 127
\ltcc () . . . . . . . . . . . . 66 \makeatother . . . . . . . . . 218
\lor . . . . . . . . . . . . see \vee
\ltcir () . . . . . . . . . . . 66 \MALE () . . . . . . . . . . . . 127
\lor () . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
\lor () . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33 \ltcir () . . . . . . . . . . . 66 \Male (|) . . . . . . . . . . . . 127
o
\LowerDiamond ( ) . . . . . 139
\ltimes () . . . . . . . . . . 30
\ltimes (n) . . . . . . . . . . 29
male . 122124, 127, 185189,
193195
lowering . see \textlowering
\ltimes () . . . . . . . . . . 32 \male () . . . . . . . . . . . . 127
\lowint () . . . . . . . . . . . 45
\ltimes () . . . . . . . . 31, 32 \male () . . . . . . . . . . . . 127
\lowintsl () . . . . . . . . . 47 \ltimes () . . . . . . . . . . 31 \MaleMale () . . . . . . . . 127
\lowintup () . . . . . . . . . 47 \ltimes () . . . . . . . . . . 33 \Malta () . . . . . . . . . . . . 181
\lozenge () . . . . . . . . . 115 \ltimesblack () . . . . . . 32 \maltese (z) . . . . . . . . . 15

276
\maltese () . . . . . . . . . 117
\maltese () . . . . . . . . . 116
\maltese () . . . . . . . . . 116
\maltese () . . . . . . . . . 117
man . 142, 170, 185, 191192,
203207
\manboldkidney () . . . . . 169
\manconcentriccircles ($) .
. . . . . . . 169
\manconcentricdiamond (%) .
. . . . . . . 169
\mancone (#) . . . . . . . . . 169
\mancube () . . . . . . . . . 169
\manerrarrow (y) . . . . . 169
\ManFace () . . . . . . . . . . 170
\manfilledquartercircle (!)
. . . . . . . 169
manfnt (package) . . . 169, 231
\manhpennib () . . . . . . . 169
\manimpossiblecube () . 169
\mankidney () . . . . . . . . 169
\manlhpenkidney () . . . . 169
\manpenkidney () . . . . . 169
\manquadrifolium (&) . . 169
\manquartercircle ( ) . . 169
\manrotatedquadrifolium
(') . . . . . . . . . . . 169
\manrotatedquartercircle (")
. . . . . . . 169
\manstar () . . . . . . . . . 169
\mantiltpennib () . . . . 169
\mantriangledown (7) . . . 169
\mantriangleright (x) . . 169
\mantriangleup (6) . . . . 169
\manvpennib () . . . . . . . . 169
map symbols . . . . . . 191192
\Mappedfromchar () . . . . . 88
\mappedfromchar () . . . . . 88
maps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 181
\Mapsdown (/) . . . . . . . . . 77
\mapsdown () . . . . . . . . . 80
\mapsdown () . . . . . . . . . 77
\mapsdown () . . . . . . . . . 82
\Mapsfrom (\) . . . . . . . . 71
\Mapsfrom () . . . . . . . . 80
\Mapsfrom () . . . . . . . . 77
\Mapsfrom () . . . . . . . . 82
\mapsfrom ([) . . . . . . . . 71
\mapsfrom () . . . . . . . . 80
\mapsfrom () . . . . . . . . 77
\mapsfrom ([) . . . . . . . . 85
\mapsfrom () . . . . . . . . 82
\Mapsfromchar () . . . . . . 88
\Mapsfromchar (\) . . . . . . 88
\mapsfromchar () . . . . . . 88
\mapsfromchar ([) . . . . . . 88
\mapsfromchar (:) . . . . . . 89
\Mapsto (
) . . . . . . . . . . 71
\Mapsto () . . . . . . . . . . 80
\Mapsto () . . . . . . . . . . 77
\Mapsto () . . . . . . . . . . 82
\mapsto () . . . . . . . . . . 70
\mapsto () . . . . . . . . . . 80
\mapsto () . . . . . . .
\mapsto () . . . . . . . . .
\mapsto () . . . . . . . . .
\mapsto () . . . . . . . . .
\Mapstochar () . . . . . . .
\Mapstochar (
) . . . . .
\mapstochar () . . . . .
\mapstochar () . . . . .
\Mapsup (-) . . . . . . .
\mapsup () . . . . . . . .
\mapsup () . . . . . . . .
\mapsup () . . . . . . . .
\marcato ( ) . . . . . . .
\marcatoDown ( ) . . . .
\Marge (  ) . . . . . . . 177
\markera (x) . . . . . . . . . 174
\markerb (y) . . . . . . . . . 174
married . . . see \textmarried
\Mars (D) . . . . . . . . . . . . 123
\Mars () . . . . . . . . . . . . 122
\Mars (h) . . . . . . . . . . . . 124
\mars () . . . . . . . . . . . . 122
marvosym (package) . . . . . . . .
. . 25, 113, 122, 125127,
131, 134, 169, 170, 180,
212
masonic cipher . . . . . . . . 179
\mate (m) . . . . . . . . . . . . 174
material biconditional . . . . . .
. . see \leftrightarrow
and \equiv
material conditional . . . . . see
\rightarrow and \supset
material equivalence . . . . . . .
. . see \leftrightarrow
and \equiv
material implication . . . . . see
\rightarrow and \supset
material nonimplication . . . . .
. . see \nrightarrow and
\nsupset
math alphabets . . . . . . . . 119
mathabx (package) . . . . . . 28,
30, 34, 40, 50, 60, 63, 67,
71, 72, 88, 93, 9597, 102,
106, 113, 116, 123, 174,
211, 212, 231
\mathaccent . . . . . . . . . . 215
\mathbb . . . . . . . . . 119, 120
\mathbbm . . . . . . . . . . . . 119
\mathbbmss . . . . . . . . . . . 119
\mathbbmtt . . . . . . . . . . . 119
mathbbol (package) . 119, 120
\mathbf . . . . . . . . . . . . . 225
\mathbin . . . . . . . . . . . . 224
\mathbold . . . . . . . . . . . . 225
mathcal (euscript package op-
tion) . . . . . . . . . . 119
\mathcal . . . . . . . . 119, 122
277
. . . 77 \mathcent () . . . . . . . . . 93
. 73 \mathchoice . . . . . . . . . . 217
. 85 \mathclose . . . . . . . . . . . 224
. 82 \mathcloud ( ) . . . . . . 37
. 88 \mathcolon () . . . . . . . . 111
. . . 88 mathcomp (package) . . . . 113
. . . 88 mathdesign (package) . 25, 33,
. . . 89 47, 94, 100, 118, 231
. . . 77 \mathdollar ($) . . . . . . . 28
. . . 80 \mathdollar ($) . . . . . . . 94
. . . 77 mathdots (package) . 102, 110,
. . . 82 112, 218, 231
. . . 157 \mathds . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119
. . . 157 \mathellipsis (. . .) . . . . 28
\mathellipsis () . . . . . 112
mathematical symbols 28120
\mathfrak . . . . . . . . . . . . 119
\mathghost ( ) . . . . . . . . 37
\mathit . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119
\mathleftghost ( ) . . . . 37
\mathnormal . . . . . . . . . . 119
\mathop . . . . . . . . . . . . . 224
\mathopen . . . . . . . . . . . . 224
\mathord . . . . . . . . . . . . 224
\mathpalette . . . . . 217, 218
\mathparagraph () . . . . 28
\mathparagraph () . . . . . 94
\mathpunct . . . . . . . . . . . 224
\mathratio () . . . . . . . . 111
\mathrel . . . . . . . . 215, 224
\mathrightghost ( ) . . . 37
\mathring ( ) . . . . . . . . . 103
\mathring () . . . . . 102, 103
\mathrm . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119
mathrsfs (package) . . 119, 231
mathscr (euscript package op-
tion) . . . . . . . . . . 119
mathscr (urwchancal package op-
tion) . . . . . . . . . . 119
\mathscr . . . . . . . . . . . . 119
\mathsection (S) . . . . . . 28
\mathsection () . . . . . . 117
\mathslash (/) . . . . . . . 98
\mathslash (/) . . . . . . . . 99
mathspec (package) . . . . . 90
mathspec.sty (file) . . . . . 90
\mathsterling () . . . . . . 93
\mathsterling ($) . . . . . 28
\mathsterling () . . . . . . 94
mathtools (package) 28, 57, 85,
106, 108, 231
\mathunderscore ( ) . . . . 28
\mathvisiblespace () . . 117
\mathwitch ( ) . . . . . . 37
\mathwitch* ( ) . . . . . . 37
\max (max) . . . . . . . . . . . 89
$
\maxima () . . . . . . . . . . . 153
Maxwell-Stefan diffusion coeffi-
cient . . . . . . . . . . . see
\DH
\maxwellDistrib () . . . 129
\maya . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113
Mayan numerals . . . . . . . 113
\Mb (
) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 176
\mb () . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 176
) . . . . . . . . . . . . 176
\Mbb (
) . . . . . . . . . . . . 176
\mBb (
) . . . . . . . . . . . . 176
\mbB (
\mbb () . . . . . . . . . . . . 176
mbboard (package) . . 119, 120,
231
\mbbx ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . 176
\mbox ... . . . . . . . . 217, 218
\MC (3) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 124
\mdblkcircle () . . . . . . 138
\mdblkdiamond () . . . . . 36
\mdblkdiamond () . . . . . 138
\mdblklozenge () . . . . . 137
\mdblklozenge () . . . . . 138
\mdblksquare () . . . . . . 36
\mdblksquare () . . . . . . 138
\mdlgblkcircle () . . . . 36
\mdlgblkcircle () . . . . 138
\mdlgblkdiamond () . . . 36
\mdlgblkdiamond () . . . 138
\mdlgblklozenge () . . . 137
\mdlgblklozenge () 37, 138
\mdlgblksquare () . . . . 36
\mdlgblksquare () . . . . 138
\mdlgwhtcircle () . . . . 36
\mdlgwhtcircle () . . . . 37
\mdlgwhtdiamond () . . . 36
\mdlgwhtdiamond () . . . 138
\mdlgwhtlozenge () . . . 137
\mdlgwhtlozenge () . . . 138
\mdlgwhtsquare () . . . . 36
\mdlgwhtsquare () . . . . 138
\mdsmblkcircle () . . . . . 138
\mdsmblksquare () . . . . 138
\mdsmwhtcircle () . . . . . 138
\mdsmwhtsquare () . . . . 138
\mdwhtcircle () . . . . . . 138
\mdwhtdiamond () . . . . . 36
\mdwhtdiamond () . . . . . 138
\mdwhtlozenge () . . . . . 137
\mdwhtlozenge () . . . . . 138
\mdwhtsquare () . . . . . . 36
\mdwhtsquare () . . . . . . 138
mdwmath (package) . 107, 231,
232
\measangledltosw () . . . 115
\measangledrtose () . . . 115
\measangleldtosw () . . . 115
\measanglelutonw () . . . 115
\measanglerdtose () . . . 115
\measanglerutone () . . . 115
\measangleultonw () . . . 115
\measangleurtone () . . . 115
\measeq () . . . . . . . . . . 56
\measuredangle (>) . . . . 116
\measuredangle (]) . . . . 114
\measuredangle () . . . . 114
\measuredangle () . . . . 114
\measuredangle () . . . . 114
\measuredangle () . . . . 115
) . . . . . . . 29, 216
\measuredangleleft () . 114
\measuredangleleft () . 115
\measuredrightangle () 114
\measuredrightangle () 114
\measuredrightangle () 115 \method () . . . . . . . . . . 129
\measuredrightangledot ()
. . . . . . . 114
mechanical scaling . . 221, 223
\medbackslash () . . . 31, 32
\medbackslash () . . . . . 31
\medblackcircle () . . . 35
\medblackdiamond () . . 35
\medblacklozenge () . . . 137
\medblacksquare () . . . 35
\medblackstar () . . . . . 35
\medblackstar () . . . . . 138
\medblacktriangledown () .
. . . . . . 35, 69
\medblacktriangleleft () .
. . . . . . 35, 69
\medblacktriangleright ()
. . . . . . 35, 69
\medblacktriangleup () 35,
69
\medbullet () . . . . . . . . 30
\medcirc () . . . . . . . . . . 30
\medcircle () . . . . . . . . 35
\medcircle () . . . . . . . . 31
\meddiamond () . . . . . . . 35
\meddiamond () . . . . . . . 35
media control symbols . . 169,
186189
medieval runes . . . . . . . . 151
\medlozenge () . . . . . . . 137
\medlozenge () . . . . . . . 136
\medslash () . . . . 31, 32, 35
\medslash () . . . . . . . . . 31
\medsquare () . . . . . . . . 35
\medsquare () . . . . . . . . 35
\medstar () . . . . . . . . . 36
\medstar () . . . . . . . . . 35
\medstarofdavid () . . . 136
\medtriangledown () 35, 69
\medtriangledown () 35, 68
\medtriangleleft () 35, 69
\medtriangleleft () 35, 68
\medtriangleright () 35, 69
\medtriangleright () 35, 68
\medtriangleup () . . 35, 69
\medtriangleup () . . 35, 68
\medvert () . . . . . . . . . . 31
\medvertdot () . . . . . . . 31
\medwhitestar () . . . . . 35
\medwhitestar () . . . . . 138
Mellin transform () . . . see
alphabets, math
membership . . . . . . . see \in
\Mercury (A) . . . . . . . . . . 123
\Mercury () . . . . . . . . . . 122
\Mercury (f) . . . . . . . . . . 124
\mercury (') . . . . . . . . . . 122
\merge (!) . . . . . . . . . . . 29
\merge () . . . . . . . . . . . 32
278
METAFONT . 12, 120, 220223
METAFONTbook symbols . 169
\metalbond () . . . . . . . 129
9
\meterplus ( ) . . . . . . . 153
metre (package) . 23, 102, 176,
231
metre . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 176
metrical symbols . . . 176, 177
mezzo ( ) . . . . . . . . 157, 168
.mf files . . . . . . 12, 191, 221
\mglgwhtcircle () . . . . 138
\mglgwhtlozenge () . . . 138
\mho (f) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115
\mho () . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92
miama (emf package option) 122
micro . . . . . . . . see \textmu
\micro () . . . . . . . . . . . 121
Microsoft Windows . . 228
\mid (|) . . . . . . . . . . . . 48, 98
\mid () . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53
\mid () . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56
\midbarvee () . . . . . . . . 33
\midbarwedge () . . . . . . 33
\midcir () . . . . . . . . . . . 87
\midcir () . . . . . . . . . . . 56
\middle . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96
\middlebar ( ) . . . . . . . . 103
\middleslash ( ) . . . . . . 103
\midtilde ({) . . . . . . . . . 24
MIL-STD-806 . . . . . . . . . 126
millesimal sign . . . . . . . . see
\textperthousand
milstd (package) . 126, 231, 232
\min (min) . . . . . . . . 89, 224
\MineSign () . . . . . . . . 170
minim . . see musical symbols
\minim ( ,) . . . . . . . . . . . . 155
\minimDotted ( u) . . . . . . 155
\minimDottedDouble ( u u) . 155
uu
\minimDottedDoubleDown ( )
. . . . . . . 155
u
\minimDottedDown ( ) . . . 155
,
\minimDown ( ) . . . . . . . . 155
Minkowski space (M) . . . . see
alphabets, math
minus . . . . . . see \textminus
\minus () . . . . . . . . . . . 31
\minus () . . . . . . . . . . . 31
minus, double-dotted () . see
\div
\minuscolon (:) . . . . . . 59
\minuscoloncolon (::) . . 59
\minusdot () . . . . . . . . . 31
\minusdot () . . . . . . . . . 31
\minusdot () . . . . . . . . . 33
\minusfdots () . . . . . . . 31
\minusfdots () . . . . . . . 33
\minushookdown () . . . . 116
\minushookdown () . . . . 116
\minushookup () . . . . . . 32
\minushookup () . . . . . . 116
\minuso (
\minuso () . . . . . . . . . . 32
\minusrdots () . . . . . . . 31
\minusrdots () . . . . . . . 33
minutes, angular . see \prime
miscellaneous symbols 115118,
141, 169186, 190
Missing $ inserted . . 28
\mlcp () . . . . . . . . . . . . 56
\Mmappedfromchar () . . . . 88
\mmappedfromchar () . . . . 88
\Mmapstochar () . . . . . . . 88
\mmapstochar () . . . . . . . 88
MnSymbol (package) 28, 30, 31,
35, 43, 5052, 61, 64, 68,
7275, 86, 87, 92, 93, 97,
102, 104, 105, 111, 114,
116, 136, 140, 152, 231
\Moai ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . 185
\Mobilefone (H) . . . . . . . 126
\mod . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89
\models (|=) . . . . . . . 48, 215
\models () . . . . . . . . . . 53
\models () . . . . . . . . . . 51
\models () . . . . . . . . . . . 56
\modtwosum () . . . . . . . 44
\modtwosum ( ) . . . . . . . 45
moduli space . . see alphabets,
math
\Moldova () . . . . . . . . . . 182
monetary symbols 25, 26, 120
\Montenegro () . . . . . . . . 182
monus . . . . . . . . see \dotdiv
\moo () . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
\moo () . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
\Moon (K) . . . . . . . . . . . . 123
\Moon () . . . . . . . . . . . . 122
\Moon (d) . . . . . . . . . . . . 124
moon . 122124, 179, 193195
\MoonPha . . . . . . . . . . . . 179
moonphase (package) 193, 231
w
\Mordent () . . . . . . . . . . . 153
Y
\mordent () . . . . . . . . . . . 153
\morepawns (S) . . . . . . . . 174
\moreroom (U) . . . . . . . . 174

\Mountain ( ) . . . . . . . . 171
mouse . . see \ComputerMouse
\MoveDown () . . . . . . . . . 169
\moverlay . . . . . . . . . . . . 218
\MoveUp () . . . . . . . . . . 169
\mp () . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
\mp () . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
\mp () . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
\mp () . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
\mp () . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
\Mu (M) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90
\mu () . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90
multiline braces . . . . . . . . 107
\multimap (() . . . . . . 48, 49
\multimap () . . . . . . . . 55
\multimap () . . . . . . . . 87
\multimap () . . . . . . . . 86
\multimap () . . . . . . . . 56
\multimapboth () . . . . 49
\multimapboth () . . . . . 55 N
\multimapboth () . . . . 59 n (n) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 151
\multimapbothvert () . . 49 \nabla () . . . . . . . . . . . 115
\multimapbothvert () . . 55 \nabla () . . . . . . . . . . . 116
\multimapdot () . . . . . . 49 \nabla () . . . . . . . . . . . 117
\multimapdot () . . . . . . 55 \nacwcirclearrowdown () 77
\multimapdotboth () . . 49 \nacwcirclearrowleft () 77
\multimapdotboth () . . 55 \nacwcirclearrowright ()
\multimapdotbothA () . 49 . . . . . . . . 77
\multimapdotbothA () . 55 \nacwcirclearrowup () 77
\multimapdotbothAvert () 49 \nacwgapcirclearrow () 78
\multimapdotbothAvert () 55 \nacwleftarcarrow () . . 77
\multimapdotbothB () . 49 \nacwnearcarrow () . . . 77
\multimapdotbothB () . 55 \nacwnwarcarrow () . . . 77
\multimapdotbothBvert () 49 \nacwopencirclearrow () 78
\multimapdotbothBvert () 55 \nacwoverarcarrow () . 77
\multimapdotbothvert () 49 \nacwrightarcarrow () . 78
\nacwsearcarrow () . . . 78
\multimapdotbothvert () 55
\nacwswarcarrow () . . . 78
\multimapdotinv () . . . 49
\nacwunderarcarrow () . 78
\multimapdotinv () . . . 55
\NAK () . . . . . . . . . . . . . 126
\multimapinv () . . . . . . 49
NAND gates . . . . . . . . . . 126
\multimapinv () . . . . . . 55
\multimapinv () . . . . . . 87
\multimapinv () . . . . . . 56 \NANDd () . . . . . . . . 126
multiple accents per character
. . . . . . . 219
\MultiplicationDot () . 113 \NANDl () . . . . . . . 126
multiplicative disjunction . see
\bindnasrepma, \invamp, \NANDr () . . . . . . . 126
and \parr
\Mundus (m) . . . . . . . . . . 170
\NANDu () . .
\muon () . . . . . . . . . . . . 129 . . . . . . 126
Museum of Icelandic Sorcery \napprox (ff) . . . . . . . . . 50
and Witchcraft . . . 179 \napprox () . . . . . . . . . . 54
musical symbols 27, 152168, \napprox () . . . . . . . . . . 52
185189 \napprox () . . . . . . . . . 57
musixgre (package) . . . . . . 154 \napproxeq (6) . . . . . . . . 49
musixlit (package) . . . . . . 154 \napproxeq () . . . . . . . . 54
musixper (package) . . . . . . 154 \napproxeq () . . . . . . . . 52
MusiXTEX . . . . . . . 153, 154 \napproxeqq () . . . . . . . 57
musixtex (package) . . 231, 232 \napproxident () . . . . . 54
\muup () . . . . . . . . . . . . 91 \narceq () . . . . . . . . 54, 88
\MVAt (@) . . . . . . . . . . . . 170 \nAssert () . . . . . . . . . 54
\MVComma (,) . . . . . . . . . . 113
\MVDivision (/) . . . . . . . 113
\nassert () . . . .
\nasymp (-) . . . .
. . . . . . 54
. . . . . . 49
\MVEight (8) . . . . . . . . . . 113 \nasymp () . . . . . . . . 54, 88
\MVFive (5) . . . . . . . . . . 113 \nasymp () . . . . . . . . . . . 87
\MVFour (4) . . . . . . . . . . 113 \nasymp () . . . . . . . . . . 57
\MVLeftBracket (() . . . . 113 \Natal (0) . . . . . . . . . . . 124
\MVMinus (-) . . . . . . . . . . 113 nath (package) . . 95, 101, 231
\MVMultiplication (*) . . 113
\NATURAL ( ) . . . . . . . . . . 89
\MVNine (9) . . . . . . . . . . 113 \Natural ( ) . . . . . . . . . . 89
\MVOne (1) . . . . . . . . . . . 113 \natural () . . . . . . . . . . 152
\MVPeriod (.) . . . . . . . . . 113 \natural () . . . . . . . . . . 152
\MVPlus (+) . . . . . . . . . . 113 \natural () . . . . . . . . . . 152
\MVRightArrow (:) . . . . . 113 \natural ( ) . . . . . . . . . . 156
\MVRightBracket ()) . . . . 113 \natural () . . . . . . . . . . 152
\MVSeven (7) . . . . . . . . . . 113 \natural () . . . . . . . . . . 152
\MVSix (6) . . . . . . . . . . . 113 natural numbers (N) . . . . see
\MVThree (3) . . . . . . . . . . 113 alphabets, math
\MVTwo (2) . . . . . . . . . . . 113 \nbackapprox () . . . ... 52
\MVZero (0) . . . . . . . . . . 113 \nbackapproxeq () . . ... 52
279
\nbackcong () . . . . . . . . 54 \ncurvearrowsenw () . . 73 \ndownassert () . . . . . . 54
\nbackcong () . . . . . . . . 52 \ncurvearrowswne () . . 73 \ndownbkarrow () . . . . . 78
\nbackeqsim () . . . . . . . 52 \ncurvearrowupdown () . 73 \ndownblackspoon () . . . 87
\nbacksim (*) . . . . . . . . . 49 \ncwcirclearrowdown () 78 \ndowndownarrows () . . 78
\nbacksim () . . . . . . . . . 54 \ncwcirclearrowleft () 78 \ndowndownarrows () . . . 74
\nbacksim () . . . . . . . . . 52 \ncwcirclearrowright () 78 \ndownfilledspoon () . . 86
\nbacksimeq (+) . . . . . . . 49 \ncwcirclearrowup () . 78 \ndownfootline () . . . . . 52
\nbacksimeq () . . . . . . . 54 \ncwgapcirclearrow () 78 \ndownfree () . . . . . . . . 52
\nbacksimeq () . . . . . . . 52 \ncwleftarcarrow () . . . 78 \ndownharpoonccw () . . . 75
\nbacktriplesim () . . . . 52 \ncwnearcarrow () . . . . 78 \ndownharpooncw () . . . . 75
\nBarv () . . . . . . . . . . . 54 \ncwnwarcarrow () . . . . 78 \ndownharpoonleft () . . 80
\nbarV () . . . . . . . . . . . 54 \ncwopencirclearrow () 78 \ndownharpoonright () . 80
\nbdleftarcarrow () . . . 78 \ncwoverarcarrow () . . 78 \ndownlcurvearrow () . . 79
\nbdnearcarrow () . . . . 78 \ncwrightarcarrow () . . 78 \ndownleftcurvedarrow () .
\nbdnwarcarrow () . . . . 78 \ncwsearcarrow () . . . . 78 . . . . . . . . 79
\nbdoverarcarrow () . . 78 \ncwswarcarrow () . . . . 78 \ndownlsquigarrow () . . 79
\nbdrightarcarrow () . . 78 \ncwunderarcarrow () . 78 \ndownlsquigarrow () . . 74
\nbdsearcarrow () . . . . 78 \ndasharrow () . . . . . . . 79 \nDownmapsto () . . . . . . 78
\nbdswarcarrow () . . . . 78 \ndasharrow () . . . . . . . 75 \ndownmapsto () . . . . . . 78
\nbdunderarcarrow () . 78 \ndasheddownarrow () . . 74 \ndownmapsto () . . . . . . 74
\nblackwhitespoon () . 87 \ndashedleftarrow () . . 74 \ndownModels () . . . . . . 52
\NBSP () . . . . . . . . . . . . 126 \ndashednearrow () . . . 74 \ndownmodels () . . . . . . 54
\NBSP () . . . . . . . . . . . . 126 \ndashednwarrow () . . . 74 \ndownmodels () . . . . . . 52
\nBumpeq ()) . . . . . . . . . . 49 \ndashedrightarrow () . 74 \ndownpitchfork () . . . 88
\nBumpeq () . . . . . . . . . . 54 \ndashedsearrow () . . . 74 \ndownpitchfork () . . . 86
\nBumpeq () . . . . . . . . . . 52 \ndashedswarrow () . . . 74 \ndownrcurvearrow () . . 79
\nBumpeq () . . . . . . . . . 57 \ndasheduparrow () . . . . 74 \ndownrightcurvedarrow ()
\nbumpeq (() . . . . . . . . . . 49 \ndashleftarrow () . . . 79 . . . . . . . . 79
\nbumpeq () . . . . . . . . . . 54 \ndashleftarrow () . . . 75 \ndownrsquigarrow () . . 79
\nbumpeq () . . . . . . . . . . 52 \ndashrightarrow () . . 79 \ndownrsquigarrow () . . 74
\nbumpeq () . . . . . . . . . 57 \ndashrightarrow () . . 75 \ndownspoon () . . . . . . . 87
\nbumpeqq () . . . . . . . . . 54 \nDashV (+) . . . . . . . . . . 50 \ndownspoon () . . . . . . . 86
\ncirceq () . . . . . . . . . . 54 \nDashV () . . . . . . . . . . 54 \ndownuparrows () . . . . 78
\ncirceq () . . . . . . . . . . 52 \nDashv (+) . . . . . . . . . . 50 \ndownuparrows () . . . . 74
\ncirclearrowleft () . 78 \nDashv () . . . . . . . . . . 54 \ndownupcurvearrow () . 79
\ncirclearrowleft () . 75 \ndashV (/) . . . . . . . . . . 50 \ndownupharpoons () . . 80
\ncirclearrowright () 78 \ndashV () . . . . . . . . . . 54 \ndownupharpoons () . . . 75
\ncirclearrowright () 75 \ndashv () . . . . . . . . . . 50 \ndownupharpoonsleftright
\ncirmid () . . . . . . . . . 87 \ndashv () . . . . . . . . . . 54 () . . . . . . . . . . . . 80
\nclosedequal () . . . . . 52 \ndashv () . . . . . . . . . . 52 \ndownupsquigarrow () . 79
\nclosure () . . . . . . . 54, 88 \ndashVv (/) . . . . . . . . . 50 \ndownVDash () . . . . . . . 54
\ncong (fl) . . . . . . . . . . . 50 \ndashVv () . . . . . . . . . 54 \ndownVdash () . . . . . . . 54
\ncong () . . . . . . . . . . . 49 \nDdashv () . . . . . . . . . 54 \ndownVdash () . . . . . . . 52
\ncong () . . . . . . . . . . . 55 \nDdownarrow () . . . . . . 78 \ndownvDash () . . . . . . . 54
\ncong () . . . . . . . . . . . 54 \nddtstile ( ) . . . .. . . 58 \ndownvdash () . . . . . . . 54
\ncong () . . . . . . . . . . . 52 \ndiagdown () . . . .. . . 52 \ndownvdash () . . . . . . . 52
\ncong () . . . . . . . . . . . 57 \ndiagup () . . . . . .. . . 52 \ndownwavearrow () . . . 78
\ncongdot () . . . . . . . . . 57 \ndivides () . . . . . .. . . 52 \ndststile ( ) ....... 58
\ncurlyeqprec () . . . . . 50 \nDoteq () . . . . . . .. . . 54
\ndtstile ( ) . . . . . . . . 58
\ncurlyeqprec () . . . . . 54 \nDoteq () . . . . . . . .. . . 52
\ncurlyeqprec () . . . . . 52 \ndoteq () . . . . . . .. . . 54 \ndttstile ( ) . . . . . . . 58
\ncurlyeqsucc () . . . . . 50 \ndoteq () . . . . . . . .. . . 52 \ndualmap () . . . . . . . . 87
\ncurlyeqsucc () . . . . . 54 \ndoublefrown () . .. . . 87 \NE () . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125
\ncurlyeqsucc () . . . . . 52 \ndoublefrowneq () .. . . 87 \ne . . . . . . . . . . . . . see \neq
\ncurvearrowdownup () . 73 \ndoublesmile () . .. . . 87 \ne () . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54
\ncurvearrowleft () . . 78 \ndoublesmileeq () .. . . 87 \ne () . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52
\ncurvearrowleft () . . 75 \nDownarrow () . . . .. . . 78 \ne () . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57
\ncurvearrowleftright () 73 \nDownarrow () . . . .. . . 74 \Nearrow (t) . . . . . . . . . 71
\ncurvearrownesw () . . 73 \ndownarrow () . . . .. . . 78 \Nearrow () . . . . . . . . . 80
\ncurvearrownwse () . . 73 \ndownarrow () . . . .. . . 74 \Nearrow () . . . . . . . . . 76
\ncurvearrowright () . 78 \ndownarrowtail () . . . 78 \Nearrow () . . . . . . . . . 72
\ncurvearrowright () . . 75 \ndownarrowtail () .. . . 74 \Nearrow () . . . . . . . . . 82
\ncurvearrowrightleft () 73 \ndownAssert () . . .. . . 54 \nearrow () . . . . . . . . . 71

280
\nearrow () . . . . . . 70, 218 \nequiv (@) . . . . . . . . . . 55 \ng () . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 151
\nearrow () . . . . . . . . . 76 \nequiv () . . . . . . . . . . 54 \ng () . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
\nearrow () . . . . . . . . . 72 \nequiv () . . . . . . . . . . . 52 \nge () . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67
\nearrow () . . . . . . . . . 85 \nequiv () . . . . . . . . . . 57 \ngeq () . . . . . . . . . . . . 63
\nearrow () . . . . . . . . . 82 \nequivclosed () . . . . . 52 \ngeq () . . . . . . . . . . 62, 63
\nearrowcorner () . . . . 80 \nercurvearrow () . . . . 77 \ngeq () . . . . . . . . . . . . 66
\nearrowtail ($) . . . . . . 76 \nersquigarrow () . . . . 72 \ngeq () . . . . . . . . . . . . 65
\nearrowtail ($) . . . . . . 72 \nespoon (l) . . . . . . . . . 86 \ngeq () . . . . . . . . . . . . 64
\nebkarrow (d) . . . . . . . 76 \Neswarrow () . . . . . . . 76 \ngeq () . . . . . . . . . . 66, 67
\nefilledspoon (t) . . . . 86 \Neswarrow () . . . . . . . 72 \ngeqclosed () . . . . . 65, 69
\nefootline (|) . . . . . . . 51 \neswarrow ( ) . . . . . . . 218 \ngeqclosed () . . . . . 64, 68
\nefree () . . . . . . . . . . 51 \neswarrow () . . . . . . . 76 \ngeqdot () . . . . . . . . . . 65
\neg () . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115 \neswarrow () . . . . . . . 72 \ngeqdot () . . . . . . . . . . 64
\neg () . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116 \neswarrow () . . . . . . . 82 \ngeqq () . . . . . . . . . . . 63
\neg () . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116 \neswarrows () . . . . . . 76 \ngeqq () . . . . . . . . . . . 62
\neg () . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117 \neswarrows () . . . . . . 72
\ngeqq () . . . . . . . . . . . 66
negation . . see \neg and \sim \neswbipropto () . . . . . 31
\ngeqq () . . . . . . . . . . . 65
\neharpoonccw (D) . . . . . 75 \neswcrossing () . . . . . 52
\ngeqq () . . . . . . . . . . . 64
\neharpooncw (L) . . . . . . 75 \neswcurvearrow () . . . 77
\ngeqq () . . . . . . . . . . . 66
\neharpoonnw (D) . . . . . . 79 \neswharpoonnwse (R) . . 79
\neharpoonse (L) . . . . . . 79 \neswharpoonnwse (R) . . 75 \ngeqslant () . . . . . . . 62
\nelcurvearrow () . . . . 77 \neswharpoons (Z) . . . . . 79 \ngeqslant () . . . . . . . . 66
\nelsquigarrow () . . . . 72 \neswharpoons (Z) . . . . . 75 \ngeqslant () . . . . . . . . 65
\nemapsto (,) . . . . . . . . 72 \neswharpoonsenw (V) . . 79 \ngeqslant () . . . . . . . . 64
\neModels () . . . . . . . . 51 \neswharpoonsenw (V) . . 75 \ngeqslant () . . . . . . . . 66
\nemodels () . . . . . . . . 51 \Neswline () . . . . . . . . 51 \ngeqslantdot () . . . . . 65
\nenearrows (|) . . . . . . 76 \neswline () . . . . . . . . 51 \ngeqslantdot () . . . . . 64
\nenearrows () . . . . . . 72 \Netherlands () . . . . . . . 182 \ngeqslcc () . . . . . . . . . 65
\neovnwarrow () . . . . . . 82 neumes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 154 \ngescc () . . . . . . . . . . 65
\neovsearrow () . . . . . . 82 \neuter () . . . . . . . . . . 127 \ngesdot () . . . . . . . . . . 66
\nepitchfork () . . . . . . 86 \Neutral ({) . . . . . . . . . . 127 \ngesl () . . . . . . . . . . . 66
\Neptune (H) . . . . . . . . . 123 \Neutrey ( ) . . . . . . . . . 184 \ngets () . . . . . . . . . . . 79
\Neptune () . . . . . . . . . 122 \neutrino () . . . . . . . . . 129 \ngets () . . . . . . . . . . . 75
\Neptune (G) . . . . . . . . . 124 \neutron () . . . . . . . . . 129 \ngets () . . . . . . . . . . . 84
\neptune ([) . . . . . . . . . . 122 \neVdash () . . . . . . . . . 51 \ngg (4) . . . . . . . . . . . . 63
\neq () . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50 \nevdash () . . . . . . . . . 51 \ngg () . . . . . . . . . . . . 65
\neq (,) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62 new (old-arrows package option) \ngg () . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64
\neq () . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55 . . . . . . 85, 86 \ngg () . . . . . . . . . . . . 66
\neq () . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54 \newextarrow . . . . . . . . . 109 \nggg () . . . . . . . . . . . 65
\neq () . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52 \newmetrics . . . . . . . . . . 177 \nggg () . . . . . . . . . . . 64
\neq () . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57 \newmoon (N) . . . . . . . . . 123 \ngtcc () . . . . . . . . . . . 65
\neqbump () . . . . . . . . . . 52 \newmoon ( ) . . . . . . . . . 122 \ngtr () . . . . . . . . . . . . 63
\neqcirc () . . . . . . . . . . 54 \newtie ( a) . . . . . . . . . . . 20 \ngtr () . . . . . . . . . . . . 62
\neqcirc () . . . . . . . . . . 52 \nexists (E) . . . . . . . . . . 93 \ngtr () . . . . . . . . . . . . 66
\neqdot () . . . . . . . . . . 54 \nexists (@) . . . . . . . . . . 93 \ngtr () . . . . . . . . . . . . 65
\neqdot () . . . . . . . . . . . 52 \nexists () . . . . . . . . . . 94 \ngtr () . . . . . . . . . . . . 64
\neqfrown () . . . . . . . . . 87 \nexists () . . . . . . . . . . 94 \ngtr () . . . . . . . . . . . . 66
\neqsim () . . . . . . . . . . 54 \nexists () . . . . . . . . . . 93 \ngtrapprox () . . . . . . . 63
\neqsim () . . . . . . . . . . . 52 \nexists () . . . . . . . . . . 94 \ngtrapprox (#) . . . . . . . 63
\neqsim () . . . . . . . . . . 57 \nfallingdotseq () . . . . 54 \ngtrapprox () . . . . . . . 65
\neqslantgtr () . . . . . . 63 \nfallingdotseq () . . . . 52 \ngtrcc () . . . . . . . . . . 65
\neqslantgtr () . . . . . . 65 \nforksnot () . . . . . . . . 57 \ngtrclosed () . . . . . 65, 69
\neqslantgtr () . . . . . . 64 \nfrown () . . . . . . . . 54, 88 \ngtrclosed () . . . . . 64, 68
\neqslantgtr () . . . . . . 66 \nfrown () . . . . . . . . . . . 87 \ngtrdot () . . . . . . . . . . 65
\neqslantless () . . . . . 63 \nfrowneq () . . . . . . . 54, 88 \ngtrdot () . . . . . . . . . . 64
\neqslantless () . . . . . 65 \nfrowneq () . . . . . . . . . 87 \ngtreqless () . . . . . . . 65
\neqslantless () . . . . . 64 \nfrowneqsmile () . . . . . 87 \ngtreqless () . . . . . . . 64
\neqslantless () . . . . . 66 \nfrownsmile () . . . . 54, 88 \ngtreqlessslant () . . . 65
\neqsmile () . . . . . . . . . 87 \nfrownsmile () . . . . . . 87 \ngtreqlessslant () . . . 64
\nequal () . . . . . . . . . . 54 \nfrownsmileeq () . . . . . 87
\ngtreqqless () . . . . . . 65
\nequal () . . . . . . . . . . . 52 \NG () . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125
\nequalclosed () . . . . . 52 \NG () . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 151 \ngtreqqless () . . . . . . 64
\nequiv (.) . . . . . . . . . . 49 \NG () . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 \ngtreqslantless () . . . 65

281
\ngtrless (&) . . . . . . . . . 63
\ngtrless () . . . . . . . . . 65
\ngtrless () . . . . . . . . . 64
\ngtrless () . . . . . . . . . 66
\ngtrsim () . . . . . . . . . 63
\ngtrsim (!) . . . . . . . . . . 63
\ngtrsim () . . . . . . . . . . 65
\ngtrsim () . . . . . . . . . 66
\nhateq () . . . . . . . . . . 54
\nhateq () . . . . . . . . . . . 52
\nHdownarrow () . . . . . . 81
\nHdownarrow () . . . . . . 84
\nhknearrow () . . . . . . 79
\nhknwarrow () . . . . . . 79
\nhksearrow () . . . . . . 79
\nhkswarrow () . . . . . . 79
\nhookdownarrow () . . . 78
\nhookleftarrow () . . . 78
\nhookleftarrow () . . . 75
\nhooknearrow () . . . . . 78
\nhooknwarrow () . . . . . 78
\nhookrightarrow () . . 78
\nhookrightarrow () . . 75
\nhooksearrow () . . . . . 78
\nhookswarrow () . . . . . 78
\nhookuparrow () . . . . . 78
\nhpar () . . . . . . . . . . . 57
\nHuparrow () . . . . . . . . 81
\nHuparrow () . . . . . . . . 84
\nhVvert () . . . . . . . . . 33
\ni () . . . . . . . . . . . 93, 216
\ni () . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53
\ni () . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94
\ni () . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93
\ni () . . . . . . . . . . . . 56, 57
\nialpha () . . . . . . . . . . 19
\nibar . . . . . . see \ownsbar
\nibeta ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . 19
\NibLeft ( ) . . . . . . . . . 132
\NibRight ( ) . . . . . . . . 132
nibs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 132
\NibSolidLeft ( ) . . . . . 132
\NibSolidRight ( ) . . . . 132
nicefrac (package) 117, 231, 232
niceframe (package) . 196199,
202
\NiceReapey ( ) . . . . . . 184
\nichi ([) . . . . . . . . . . . 19
\niepsilon () . . . . . . . . 19
\nigamma () . . . . . . . . . . 19
\niiota ()) . . . . . . . . . . . 19
\nilambda (2) . . . . . . . . . 19
\nimageof () . . . . . . . . 87
\nin () . . . . . . . . . . . 54, 94
\nin () . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93
\Ninja ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . 184
\niobar () . . . . . . . . . . . 56
\niomega (>) . . . . . . . . . . 19
\niphi (C) . . . . . . . . . . . 19
\niplus (B) . . . . . . . . . . 49
\niplus () . . . . . . . . . . . 55
\nis () . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56
\nisd (=) . . . . . . . . . . . . 55
\nisd () . . . . . . . . . . . . 56
\nisigma (O) . . . . . . . . . . 19
\nitheta (S) . . . . . . . . . . 19
\niupsilon (V) . . . . . . . . 19
\niv ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95
\nj (7) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
nkarta (package) . . . 191, 231
\nlcirclearrowdown () 74
\nlcirclearrowleft () 74
\nlcirclearrowright () 74
\nlcirclearrowup () . . 74
\nlcurvearrowdown () . . 74
\nlcurvearrowleft () . . 74
\nlcurvearrowne () . . . 74
\nlcurvearrownw () . . . 74
\nlcurvearrowright () . 74
\nlcurvearrowse () . . . 74
\nlcurvearrowsw () . . . 74
\nlcurvearrowup () . . . . 74
\nle () . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67
\nleadsto () . . . . . . . . 79
\nleadsto () . . . . . . . . 75
\nLeftarrow () . . . . . . 71
\nLeftarrow (:) . . . . . . 70
\nLeftarrow () . . . . . . . 81
\nLeftarrow () . . . . . . 77
\nLeftarrow () . . . . . . 74
\nLeftarrow () . . . . . . . 84
\nleftarrow () . . . . . . 71
\nleftarrow (8) . . . . . . 70
\nleftarrow () . . . . . . . 81
\nleftarrow () . . . . . . . 77
\nleftarrow () . . . . . . . 74
\nleftarrow () . . . . . . . 84
\nleftarrowtail () . . . 77
\nleftarrowtail () . . . 74
\nleftAssert () . . . . . . 54
\nleftassert () . . . . . . 54
\nleftbkarrow () . . . . . 77
\nleftblackspoon () . . 87
\nleftcurvedarrow () . 79
\nleftdowncurvedarrow () .
. . . . . . . . 78
\nleftfilledspoon () . 86
\nleftfootline () . . . . 54
\nleftfootline () . . . . 52
\nleftfree () . . . . . . . . 52
\nleftharpoonccw () . . 75
\nleftharpooncw () . . . 75
\nleftharpoondown () . 80
\nleftharpoonup () . . . 80
\nleftlcurvearrow () . 78
\nleftleftarrows () . . 77
\nleftleftarrows () . . 74
\nleftlsquigarrow () . 78
\nleftlsquigarrow () . . 74
\nLeftmapsto () . . . . . 77
\nleftmapsto () . . . . . . 77
\nleftmapsto () . . . . . . 74
\nleftModels () . . . . . . 52
\nleftmodels () . . . . . . 54
\nleftmodels () . . . . . . 52
282
\nleftpitchfork () . . . 88
\nleftpitchfork () . . . 86
\nleftrcurvearrow () . 78
\nLeftrightarroW () . . 81
\nLeftrightarrow () . . 71
\nLeftrightarrow (<) . . 70
\nLeftrightarrow () . . 81
\nLeftrightarrow () . . 78
\nLeftrightarrow () . . 74
\nLeftrightarrow () . . 84
\nleftrightarrow () . . 71
\nleftrightarrow (=) 28, 70
\nleftrightarrow () . . 81
\nleftrightarrow () . . 77
\nleftrightarrow () . . 74
\nleftrightarrow () . . 84
\nleftrightarrows () . 78
\nleftrightarrows () . . 74
\nleftrightblackspoon () .
. . . . . . . . 87
\nleftrightcurvearrow () .
. . . . . . . . 78
\nleftrightharpoondownup
() . . . . . . . . . . . . 80
\nleftrightharpoondownup
() . . . . . . . . . . . . 75
\nleftrightharpoons () 80
\nleftrightharpoons () 75
\nleftrightharpoonupdown
() . . . . . . . . . . . . 80
\nleftrightharpoonupdown
() . . . . . . . . . . . . 75
\nLeftrightline () . . . 52
\nleftrightline () . . . 52
\nleftrightspoon () . . 87
\nleftrightsquigarrow () .
. . . . . . . . 78
\nleftrightsquigarrow () .
. . . . . . . . 75
\nleftrightwavearrow () 78
\nleftrsquigarrow () . 78
\nleftrsquigarrow () . . 74
\nleftspoon () . . . . . . . 87
\nleftspoon () . . . . . . 86
\nleftsquigarrow () . . 78
\nleftupcurvedarrow () 79
\nleftVDash () . . . . . . 54
\nleftVdash () . . . . . . 54
\nleftVdash () . . . . . . . 52
\nleftvDash () . . . . . . . 54
\nleftvdash () . . . . . . . 54
\nleftvdash () . . . . . . . 52
\nleftwavearrow () . . . 78
\nleq () . . . . . . . . . . . . 63
\nleq () . . . . . . . . . . 62, 63
\nleq () . . . . . . . . . . . . 66
\nleq () . . . . . . . . . . . . 65
\nleq () . . . . . . . . . . . . 64
\nleq () . . . . . . . . . . . . 67
\nleqclosed () . . . . . 65, 69
\nleqclosed () . . . . . 64, 68
\nleqdot () . . . . . . . . . . 65
\nleqdot () . . . . . . . . . . 64
\nleqq () . . . . . . . . . .. 63 \nlll () . . . . . . . . . . . 64 \nnelcurvearrow () . . . 79
\nleqq () . . . . . . . . . .. 62 \nlongdashv () . . . . . 54 \nnelsquigarrow () . . . 74
\nleqq () . . . . . . . . . .. 66 \nlongleadsto () . . . . 79 \nnemapsto () . . . . . . . 74
\nleqq () . . . . . . . . . .. 65 \nLongleftarrow () . . 78 \nneModels () . . . . . . . 52
\nleqq () . . . . . . . . . .. 64 \nlongleftarrow () . . 78 \nnemodels () . . . . . . . 52
\nleqq () . . . . . . . . . .. 67 \nlongleftfootline () 54 \nnenearrows () . . . . . 78
\nLongleftrightarrow () . \nnenearrows () . . . . . 74
\nleqslant (
) . . . . . .. 62
. . . . . . . . 78 \nnepitchfork () . . . . . 86
\nleqslant () . . . . . . .. 66
\nlongleftrightarrow () . \nnercurvearrow () . . . 79
\nleqslant () . . . . . . .. 65
. . . . . . . . 78 \nnersquigarrow () . . . 74
\nleqslant () . . . . . . .. 64
\nlongleftsquigarrow () . \nnespoon () . . . . . . . . 86
\nleqslant () . . . . . . .. 67
. . . . . . . . 79 \nNeswarrow () . . . . . . 78
\nleqslantdot () . . . .. 65
\nlongleftwavearrow () 78 \nNeswarrow () . . . . . . 74
\nleqslantdot () . . . .. 64
\nLongmapsfrom () . 54, 78 \nneswarrow () . . . . . . 78
\nleqslcc () . . . . . . . .. 65
\nlongmapsfrom () . 54, 78 \nneswarrow () . . . . . . 74
\nlescc () . . . . . . . . .. 65
\nLongmapsto () . . . . 78 \nneswarrows () . . . . . 78
\nlesdot () . . . . . . . . .. 65
\nlongmapsto () . . . . 78 \nneswarrows () . . . . . 74
\nlesg () . . . . . . . . . .. 65 \nLongrightarrow () . 78
\nless () . . . . . . . . . .. 63 \nneswcurvearrow () . . 79
\nlongrightarrow () . 78 \nneswharpoonnwse () . 80
\nless () . . . . . . . . . .. 62 \nlongrightfootline () 54
\nless () . . . . . . . . . .. 66 \nlongrightsquigarrow ()
\nneswharpoonnwse () . 75
\nless () . . . . . . . . . .. 65 \nneswharpoons () . . . 80
. . . . . . . . 79 \nneswharpoons () . . . . 75
\nless () . . . . . . . . . .. 64 \nlongrightwavearrow () .
\nless () . . . . . . . . . .. 67 \nneswharpoonsenw () . 80
. . . . . . . . 78 \nneswharpoonsenw () . 75
\nlessapprox () . . . . .. 63 \nltcc () . . . . . . . . . . . 65
\nlessapprox (") . . . . .. 63 \nNeswline () . . . . . . . 52
\nMapsdown () . . . . . . . . 79 \nneswline () . . . . . . . 52
\nlessapprox () . . . . .. 65 \nmapsdown () . . . . . . . . 79
\nlesscc () . . . . . . . .. 65 \nneVdash () . . . . . . . . 52
\nMapsfrom () . . . . . . . 79 \nnevdash () . . . . . . . . 52
\nlessclosed () . . . . 65, 69
\nmapsfrom () . . . . . . . 79 \nni () . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54
\nlessclosed () . . . . 64, 68
\nMapsto () . . . . . . . . . 79 \nni () . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94
\nlessdot () . . . . . . . .. 65
\nmapsto () . . . . . . . . . 79 \nni () . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57
\nlessdot () . . . . . . . .. 64
\nmapsto () . . . . . . . . . 75
\nlesseqgtr () . . . . . .. 65 \nnststile ( ) . . . . . . . 58
\nMapsup () . . . . . . . . . 79
\nlesseqgtr () . . . . . . . 64 \nmapsup () . . . . . . . . . 79 \nntstile ( ) . . . . . . . . 58
\nlesseqgtrslant () . . . 65 \nmid (-) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49 \nnttstile ( ) . . . . . . . 58
\nlesseqgtrslant () . . . 64 \nmid () . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55 \nNwarrow () . . . . . . . . 78
\nmid () . . . . . . . . . . . . 54 \nNwarrow () . . . . . . . . 74
\nlesseqqgtr () . . . . . . 65
\nmid () . . . . . . . . . . . . 52 \nnwarrow (0) . . . . . . . . . 71
\nlesseqqgtr () . . . . . . 64 \nmid () . . . . . . . . . . . . 57 \nnwarrow () . . . . . . . . . 80
\nlesseqslantgtr () . . . 65 \nmidcir () . . . . . . . . . 87 \nnwarrow () . . . . . . . . 78
\nlessgtr (') . . . . . . . . . 63 \nmodels () . . . . . . . . . . 54 \nnwarrow () . . . . . . . . 74
\nlessgtr () . . . . . . . . . 65 \nmodels () . . . . . . . . . . 52 \nnwarrowtail () . . . . . 78
\nlessgtr () . . . . . . . . . 64 \nmultimap () . . . . . . . 87 \nnwarrowtail () . . . . . 74
\nlessgtr () . . . . . . . . . 67 \nmultimap () . . . . . . . 86 \nnwbkarrow () . . . . . . 78
\nlesssim () . . . . . . . . 63 \nmultimapinv () . . . . . 87 \nnwfilledspoon () . . . 86
\nlesssim ( ) . . . . . . . . . 63 \NN (
&) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125 \nnwfootline () . . . . . . 52
\nlesssim () . . . . . . . . . 65 \nndtstile ( ) . . . . . . . 58 \nnwfree () . . . . . . . . . 52
\nlesssim () . . . . . . . . . 67 \nNearrow () . . . . . . . . 78 \nnwharpoonccw () . . . . 75
\nlhookdownarrow () . . . 74 \nNearrow () . . . . . . . . 73 \nnwharpooncw () . . . . . 75
\nlhookleftarrow () . . 74 \nnearrow (1) . . . . . . . . . 71 \nnwharpoonne () . . . . . 80
\nlhooknearrow () . . . . 74 \nnearrow () . . . . . . . . . 80 \nnwharpoonsw () . . . . . 80
\nlhooknwarrow () . . . . 73 \nnearrow () . . . . . . . . 78 \nnwlcurvearrow () . . . 79
\nlhookrightarrow () . . 73 \nnearrow () . . . . . . . . 73 \nnwlsquigarrow () . . . 74
\nlhooksearrow () . . . . 73 \nnearrowtail () . . . . . 78 \nnwmapsto () . . . . . . . 74
\nlhookswarrow () . . . . 73 \nnearrowtail () . . . . . 74 \nnwModels () . . . . . . . 52
\nlhookuparrow () . . . . . 73 \nnebkarrow () . . . . . . 78 \nnwmodels () . . . . . . . 52
\nll (3) . . . . . . . . . . . . 63 \nnefilledspoon () . . . 86 \nnwnwarrows () . . . . . 78
\nll () . . . . . . . . . . . . 65 \nnefootline () . . . . . . 52 \nnwnwarrows () . . . . . 74
\nll () . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64 \nnefree () . . . . . . . . . 52 \nnwpitchfork () . . . . . 86
\nll () . . . . . . . . . . . . 67 \nneharpoonccw () . . . . 75 \nnwrcurvearrow () . . . 79
\nLleftarrow () . . . . . 78 \nneharpooncw () . . . . . 75 \nnwrsquigarrow () . . . 74
\nLleftarrow () . . . . . . 73 \nneharpoonnw () . . . . . 80 \nNwsearrow () . . . . . . 78
\nlll () . . . . . . . . . . . 65 \nneharpoonse () . . . . . 80 \nNwsearrow () . . . . . . 74

283
\nnwsearrow () . . . . . . 78 \notowns see \notowner and
\nnwsearrow () . . . . . . 74 \notni
\nnwsearrows () . . . . . 78 \notperp (M) . . . . . . . . . 50
\nnwsearrows () . . . . . 74 \notslash ()/ . . . . . . . . 124
\nnwsecurvearrow () . . 79 \notsmallin () . . . . . . . 94
\nnwseharpoonnesw () . 80 \notsmallowns () . . . . . . 94
\nnwseharpoonnesw () . 75 \nottop (L) . . . . . . . . . . 93
\nnwseharpoons () . . . 80 \nottop () . . . . . . . . . . 117
\nnwseharpoons () . . . . 75 \NoTumbler () . . . . . . . . 170
\nnwseharpoonswne () . 80 \novelty (N) . . . . . . . . . 174
\nnwseharpoonswne () . 75 \noway (A) . . . . . . . . . . . 170
\nNwseline () . . . . . . . 52 \nowns () . . . . . . . . . 54, 94
\nnwseline () . . . . . . . 52 \nowns () . . . . . . . . . . . 94
\nnwspoon () . . . . . . . . 86 \nowns () . . . . . . . . . . . . 93
\nnwVdash () . . . . . . . . 52 \nparallel () . . . . . . . . 49
\nnwvdash () . . . . . . . . 52 \nparallel () . . . . . . . . 55
no entry . . . . . . . see \noway \nparallel () . . . . . . . . 54
\NoBleech () . . . . . . . . 170 \nparallel () . . . . . . . . 52
\NoChemicalCleaning () 170 \nparallel () . . . . . . . . 57
nointegrals (wasysym package op- \nparallelslant () . . . 59
tion) . . . . . . . . . . . 39 \nperp () . . . . . . . . . . . 54
\NoIroning () . . . . . . . 170 \nperp () . . . . . . . . . . . 52
non-commutative division 110 \npitchfork () . . . . . . 88
nonbreaking space . . . . . . 126 \npitchfork () . . . . . . . 86
NOR gates . . . . . . . . . . . 126 \nplus (`) . . . . . . . . . . . 29
\nplus () . . . . . . . . . . . 32
\npolint () . . . . . . . . . . 45
\NORd () . . . . . . . . . 126
\npolintsl () . . . . . . . . 46
\norigof () . . . . . . . . . 87 \npolintup () . . . . . . . . 46
\nprec () . . . . . . . . . . . 50
\NORl () . . . . . . . . 126 \nprec () . . . . . . . . . . . 49
norm see \lVert and \rVert \nprec () . . . . . . . . . . . 55
normal runes . . . . . . . . . . 151 \nprec () . . . . . . . . . . . 54
\nprec () . . . . . . . . . . . 52
\nprec () . . . . . . . . . . . 57
\NORr (
) . . . . . . . . 126 \nprecapprox () . . . . . . 50 \nrightblackspoon () . 87
\NorthNode (k) . . . . . . . 124 \nprecapprox (7) . . . . . . 49
\nprecapprox () . . . . . . 54
\nprecapprox () . . . . . . 52
\NORu () . . . . . . . . . 126
\npreccurlyeq () . . . . . 50
\Norway () . . . . . . . . . . 182 \npreccurlyeq ($) . . . . . 49

\NoSun ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . 171 \npreccurlyeq () . . . . . 54
\npreccurlyeq () . . . . . 52
\Not () . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56
not . . . . . . . . . . . . . see \neg \npreccurlyeq () . . . . . 57
\not . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50, 216 \npreceq () . . . . . . . . . 50
not equal (= vs. =) . . . . . 50 \npreceq () . . . . . . . . . 49
\notasymp (ffi) . . . . . . . . 50 \npreceq () . . . . . . . . . 55
\notbackslash () . . . . . 124 \npreceq () . . . . . . . . . . 54
\notbot (M) . . . . . . . . . . 93 \npreceq () . . . . . . . . . . 52
\notbot () . . . . . . . . . . 117 \npreceq () . . . . . . . . . 57
\notchar () . . . . . . . . . . . 56 \npreceqq (9) . . . . . . . . . 49
\NotCongruent (^) . . . . . 113 \npreceqq () . . . . . . . . . 54
\notdivides (ffl) . . . . . . . 50 \nprecsim () . . . . . . . . 50
\notequiv () . . . . . . . . 50 \nprecsim () . . . . . . . . . 49
\notin (R) . . . . . . . . . . . 93 \nprecsim () . . . . . . . . . 54
\notin (<) . . . . . . . . . . . 93 \nprecsim () . . . . . . . . . 52
\notin () . . . . . . . . . . . 94 \NR (
) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125
\notin () . . . . . . . . . . . 54 \nrcirclearrowdown () 74
\notin (6) . . . . . . . . . . . 94 \nrcirclearrowleft () 74
\notin () . . . . . . . . . . . . 93 \nrcirclearrowright () 74
\notin () . . . . . . . . . . . 57 \nrcirclearrowup () . . 74
\notni (=) . . . . . . . . . . . 93 \nrcurvearrowdown () . . 74
\notowner (S) . . . . . . . . . 93 \nrcurvearrowleft () . . 74
284
\nrcurvearrowne () . . . 74
\nrcurvearrownw () . . . 74
\nrcurvearrowright () . 74
\nrcurvearrowse () . . . 74
\nrcurvearrowsw () . . . 74
\nrcurvearrowup () . . . . 74
\nRelbar () . . . . . . . . . 52
\nrelbar () . . . . . . . . . 52
\nrestriction () . . . . . 80
\nrestriction () . . . . . 75
\nrhookdownarrow () . . . 74
\nrhookleftarrow () . . 74
\nrhooknearrow () . . . . 74
\nrhooknwarrow () . . . . 74
\nrhookrightarrow () . . 74
\nrhooksearrow () . . . . 74
\nrhookswarrow () . . . . 74
\nrhookuparrow () . . . . . 74
\nRightarrow () . . . . . . 71
\nRightarrow (;) . . . . . 70
\nRightarrow () . . . . . . 81
\nRightarrow () . . . . . 78
\nRightarrow () . . . . . . 74
\nRightarrow () . . . . . . 84
\nrightarrow () . . . . . . 71
\nrightarrow (9) . . . . . 70
\nrightarrow () . . . . . . 81
\nrightarrow () . . . . . . 78
\nrightarrow () . . . . . . 74
\nrightarrow () . . . . . . 84
\nrightarrowtail () . . 78
\nrightarrowtail () . . 74
\nrightAssert () . . . . . 54
\nrightassert () . . . . . 54
\nrightbkarrow () . . . . 78
\nrightcurvedarrow () . 78
\nrightdowncurvedarrow ()
. . . . . . . . 78
\nrightfilledspoon () 86
\nrightfootline () . . . 54
\nrightfootline () . . . 52
\nrightfree () . . . . . . . 52
\nrightharpoonccw () . . 75
\nrightharpooncw () . . 75
\nrightharpoondown () . 80
\nrightharpoonup () . . 80
\nrightlcurvearrow () . 78
\nrightleftarrows () . 78
\nrightleftarrows () . . 73
\nrightleftcurvearrow () .
. . . . . . . . 78
\nrightleftharpoons () 80
\nrightleftharpoons () 75
\nrightleftsquigarrow () .
. . . . . . . . 78
\nrightlsquigarrow () . 78
\nrightlsquigarrow () . 73
\nRightmapsto () . . . . . 78
\nrightmapsto () . . . . . 78
\nrightmapsto () . . . . . 73
\nrightModels () . . . . . 52
\nrightmodels () . . . . . 54
\nrightmodels () . . . . . 52 \nshortmid () . . . . . . .. 57 \nsqsupset (b) . . . . . . . . 60
\nrightpitchfork () . . 88 \nshortparallel (/) . . .. 49 \nsqsupset () . . . . . . . . 61
\nrightpitchfork () . . 86 \nshortparallel () . . .. 55 \nsqsupset () . . . . . . . . 61
\nrightrcurvearrow () . 78 \nshortparallel () . .. 54 \nsqsupset () . . . . . . . . 62
\nrightrightarrows () . 78 \nshortparallel () . . .. 52 \nsqsupseteq () . . . . . . 60
\nrightrightarrows () . 73 \nshortparallel () . . .. 57 \nsqsupseteq (A) . . . . . . 60
\nrightrsquigarrow () . 78 \nshortrighttack () . .. 54 \nsqsupseteq () . . . . . . 61
\nrightrsquigarrow () . 73 \nshortuptack () . . . .. 54 \nsqsupseteq () . . . . . . 61
\nrightspoon () . . . . . . 87 \nsim () . . . . . . . . . . .. 50 \nsqsupseteq () . . . . . . 62
\nrightspoon () . . . . . . 86 \nsim (/) . . . . . . . . . . .. 49 \nsqsupseteqq () . . . . . 60
\nrightsquigarrow () . 79 \nsim () . . . . . . . . . . .. 55 \nsqsupseteqq () . . . . . 61
\nrightsquigarrow () . . 75 \nsim () . . . . . . . . . . .. 54 \nsqsupseteqq () . . . . . 61
\nrightupcurvedarrow () 79 \nsim () . . . . . . . . . . .. 52 \nsqtriplefrown () . . . . 87
\nrightVDash () . . . . . 54 \nsim () . . . . . . . . . . .. 57 \nsqtriplesmile () . . . . 87
\nrightVdash () . . . . . 54 \nsime () . . . . . . . . . .. 54 \nsquigarrowdownup () 74
\nrightVdash () . . . . . . 52 \nsime () . . . . . . . . . .. 57 \nsquigarrowleftright () .
\nrightvDash () . . . . . . 54 \nsimeq (fi) . . . . . . . . .. 50 . . . . . . . . 74
\nrightvdash () . . . . . . 54 \nsimeq (;) . . . . . . . . .. 49 \nsquigarrownesw () . . 74
\nrightvdash () . . . . . . 52 \nsimeq () . . . . . . . . .. 54 \nsquigarrownwse () . . . 74
\nrightwavearrow () . . 78 \nsimeq () . . . . . . . . . .. 52 \nsquigarrowrightleft () .
\nrisingdotseq () . . . . 54 \nsimeq () . . . . . . . . .. 57 . . . . . . . . 74
\nrisingdotseq () . . . . . 52 \nsmile () . . . . . . . . 54, 88 \nsquigarrowsenw () . . 74
\nRrightarrow () . . . . . 77 \nsmile () . . . . . . . . . .. 87 \nsquigarrowswne () . . 74
\nRrightarrow () . . . . . 73 \nsmileeq () . . . . . . . 54, 88 \nsquigarrowupdown () . 74
\nsdtstile ( ) . . . . . . . 58 \nsmileeq () . . . . . . . .. 87 \nsststile ( ) . . . . . . . 58
\nSearrow () . . . . . . . . 77 \nsmileeqfrown () . . . .. 87 \nstareq () . . . . . . . . . . 54
\nSearrow () . . . . . . . . 73 \nsmilefrown () . . . . 54, 88
\nststile ( ) . . . . . . . . 58
\nsearrow () . . . . . . . . 77 \nsmilefrown () . . . . .. 87
\nsmilefrowneq () . . . .. 87 \nsttstile ( ) . . . . . . . 58
\nsearrow () . . . . . . . . 73
\nsearrowtail () . . . . . 77 \nsqdoublefrown () . . .. 87 \nSubset () . . . . . . . . . 60
\nsearrowtail () . . . . . 74 \nsqdoublefrowneq () .. 87 \nSubset (>) . . . . . . . . . . 60
\nsebkarrow () . . . . . . 77 \nsqdoublesmile () . . .. 87 \nSubset () . . . . . . . . . . 61
\nsefilledspoon () . . . 86 \nsqdoublesmileeq () .. 87 \nSubset () . . . . . . . . . . 61
\nsefootline () . . . . . . 52 \nsqeqfrown () . . . . . .. 87 \nsubset () . . . . . . . . . 60
\nsefree () . . . . . . . . . 52 \nsqeqsmile () . . . . . .. 87 \nsubset () . . . . . . . . . 61
\nseharpoonccw () . . . . 75 \nsqfrown () . . . . . . . .. 87 \nsubset () . . . . . . . . . . 61
\nseharpooncw () . . . . . 75 \nsqfrowneq () . . . . . .. 87 \nsubset () . . . . . . . . . . 61
\nseharpoonne () . . . . . 80 \nsqfrowneqsmile () . .. 87 \nsubset () . . . . . . . . . 62
\nseharpoonsw () . . . . . 80 \nsqfrownsmile () . . . .. 87 \nsubseteq () . . . . . . . . 60
\nselcurvearrow () . . . 79 \nsqsmile () . . . . . . . .. 87 \nsubseteq (*) . . . . . . . 60
\nselsquigarrow () . . . 74 \nsqsmileeq () . . . . . .. 87 \nsubseteq () . . . . . . . . 61
\nsemapsto () . . . . . . . 74 \nsqsmileeqfrown () . .. 87 \nsubseteq () . . . . . . . . 61
\nseModels () . . . . . . . 52 \nsqsmilefrown () . . . .. 87 \nsubseteq () . . . . . . . . 61
\nsemodels () . . . . . . . 52 \nSqsubset () . . . . . . .. 61 \nsubseteq () . . . . . . . . 62
\nsenwarrows () . . . . . 77 \nSqsubset () . . . . . . .. 61 \nsubseteqq () . . . . . . . 60
\nsenwarrows () . . . . . 74 \nsqSubset () . . . . . . .. 60 \nsubseteqq (") . . . . . . . 60
\nsenwcurvearrow () . . 79 \nsqsubset () . . . . . . .. 60 \nsubseteqq () . . . . . . . 61
\nsenwharpoons () . . . 80 \nsqsubset (a) . . . . . . .. 60 \nsubseteqq () . . . . . . . 61
\nsenwharpoons () . . . . 75 \nsqsubset () . . . . . . .. 61 \nsubseteqq () . . . . . . . 61
\nsepitchfork () . . . . . 86 \nsqsubset () . . . . . . .. 61 \nsubseteqq () . . . . . . . 62
\nsercurvearrow () . . . 79 \nsqsubset () . . . . . . .. 62 \nsucc () . . . . . . . . . . . 50
\nsersquigarrow () . . . 74 \nsqsubseteq () . . . . .. 60 \nsucc () . . . . . . . . . . . 49
\nsesearrows () . . . . . 77 \nsqsubseteq (@) . . . . .. 60 \nsucc () . . . . . . . . . . . 55
\nsesearrows () . . . . . 74 \nsqsubseteq () . . . . .. 61 \nsucc () . . . . . . . . . . . 54
\nsespoon () . . . . . . . . 86 \nsqsubseteq () . . . . .. 61 \nsucc () . . . . . . . . . . . 52
\nseVdash () . . . . . . . . 52 \nsqsubseteq () . . . . .. 62 \nsucc () . . . . . . . . . . . 57
\nsevdash () . . . . . . . . 52 \nsqsubseteqq () . . . .. 60 \nsuccapprox () . . . . . . 50
\nshortdowntack () . . . 54 \nsqsubseteqq () . . . .. 61 \nsuccapprox (8) . . . . . . 49
\nshortlefttack () . . . . 54 \nsqsubseteqq () . . . .. 61 \nsuccapprox () . . . . . . 54
\nshortmid (.) . . . . . . . . 49 \nSqsupset () . . . . . . .. 61 \nsuccapprox () . . . . . . 52
\nshortmid () . . . . . . . . 55 \nSqsupset () . . . . . . .. 61 \nsucccurlyeq () . . . . . 50
\nshortmid () . . . . . . . . 54 \nsqSupset () . . . . . . .. 60 \nsucccurlyeq (%) . . . . . 49
\nshortmid () . . . . . . . . 52 \nsqsupset () . . . . . . .. 60 \nsucccurlyeq () . . . . . 54

285
\nsucccurlyeq () . . . . . 52 \nswswarrows () . . . . . 78 \ntwoheaduparrow () . . . 74
\nsucccurlyeq () . . . . . 57 \nswswarrows () . . . . . 74 \Nu (N) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90
\nsucceq () . . . . . . . . . 50 \nswVdash () . . .. . . . . 52 \nu () . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90
\nsucceq () . . . . . . . . . 49 \nswvdash () . . .. . . . . 52 nuclear power plant see \SNPP
\nsucceq () . . . . . . . . . 55 \NT () . . . . . . . . .. . . . . 125 \nucleus () . . . . . . . . . 129
\nsucceq () . . . . . . . . . . 54 \ntdtstile ( ) ....... 58 \Nudelholz ( ) . . . . . . 184
\nsucceq () . . . . . . . . . . 52 \NUL () . . . . . . . . . . . . . 126
ntheorem (package) . . . . . 115
\nsucceq () . . . . . . . . . 57 \NUL () . . . . . . . . . . . . . 126
\nthickapprox (5) . . . . . 49
\nsucceqq (:) . . . . . . . . . 49 null infinity . . . see alphabets,
\nto () . . . . . . . . . . . . 79
\nsucceqq () . . . . . . . . . 54 math
\nto () . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75
\nsuccsim () . . . . . . . . 50 null set . . . . . . . . . . 114117
\ntriangleeq () . . . . . . 69
\nsuccsim () . . . . . . . . . 49 number sets . . see alphabets,
\ntriangleeq () . . . . . . 68
\nsuccsim () . . . . . . . . . 54 math
\ntriangleleft () . . . . 67
\nsuccsim () . . . . . . . . . 52 number sign see \textnumero
\ntriangleleft (6) . . . . 67
numbers . . . . . . see numerals
\nSupset () . . . . . . . . . 60 \ntriangleleft () . . . . 69
\nSupset (?) . . . . . . . . . . 60 numerals 27, 113, 121, 134, 168,
\ntriangleleft () . . . . 69
\nSupset () . . . . . . . . . . 61 175, 176, 191192, 209
\ntriangleleft () . . . 64, 68
\nSupset () . . . . . . . . . . 61 circled 134, 175, 176, 209
\ntrianglelefteq () . . 67
\nsupset () . . . . . . . . . 60 Epi-Olmec . . . . . . . . 150
\ntrianglelefteq (5) . . 67
\nsupset () . . . . . . . . . 61 Isthmian . . . . . . . . . 150
\ntrianglelefteq () . . . 69 LCD . . . . . . . . . . . . 121
\nsupset () . . . . . . . . . . 61
\ntrianglelefteq () . . . 69 Linear B . . . . . . . . . 146
\nsupset () . . . . . . . . . . 61
\ntrianglelefteq () . 64, 68 Mayan . . . . . . . . . . . 113
\nsupset () . . . . . . . . . 62
\ntrianglelefteq () . . . 69 old-style . . . . . . . . . . 27
\nsupseteq () . . . . . . . . 60
\ntrianglelefteqslant (R) 67 segmented . . . . . . . . 121
\nsupseteq (+) . . . . . . . 60 \ntriangleright () . . . 67
\nsupseteq () . . . . . . . . 61 \ntriangleright (7) . . . 67
\NumLock ( Num ) . . . . . . 125
\ntriangleright () . . . 69
\nsupseteq () . . . . . . . . 61 \nUparrow () . . . . . . . . 78
\nsupseteq () . . . . . . . . 61 \nUparrow () . . . . . . . . . 74
\ntriangleright () . . . . 69
\nsupseteq () . . . . . . . . 62 \ntriangleright () . . 64, 68 \nuparrow () . . . . . . . . . 78
\nsupseteqq () . . . . . . . 60 \ntrianglerighteq () . . 67 \nuparrow () . . . . . . . . . 74
\nsupseteqq (#) . . . . . . . 60 \nuparrowtail () . . . . . 78
\ntrianglerighteq (4) . 67
\nsupseteqq () . . . . . . . 61 \nuparrowtail () . . . . . 74
\ntrianglerighteq () . . 69
\nsupseteqq () . . . . . . . 61 \nupAssert () . . . . . . . . 54
\ntrianglerighteq () . . 69
\nsupseteqq () . . . . . . . 61 \nupassert () . . . . . . . . 54
\ntrianglerighteq () 64, 68
\nsupseteqq () . . . . . . . 62 \nupbkarrow () . . . . . . . 78
\ntrianglerighteq () . . 69
\nSwarrow () . . . . . . . . 78 \nupblackspoon () . . . . 87
\ntrianglerighteqslant (S)
\nSwarrow () . . . . . . . . 74 \nUpdownarrow () . . . . . 78
. . . . . . . . 67
\nswarrow () . . . . . . . . 77 \nUpdownarrow () . . . . . 74
\ntriplefrown () . . . . . 87
\nswarrow () . . . . . . . . 74 \nupdownarrow () . . . . . 78
\ntriplesim () . . . . . . . 54
\nswarrowtail () . . . . . 78 \nupdownarrow () . . . . . 74
\ntriplesim () . . . . . . . 52
\nswarrowtail () . . . . . 74 \nupdownarrows () . . . . 78
\ntriplesmile () . . . . . 87
\nswbkarrow () . . . . . . 78 \nupdownarrows () . . . . 74
\nswfilledspoon () . . . 86 \ntststile ( ) ....... 58 \nupdowncurvearrow () . 79
\nswfootline () . . . . . . 52 \nttstile ( ) . . . . . . . . 58 \nupdownharpoonleftright
\nswfree () . . . . . . . . . 52 () . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80
\nswharpoonccw () . . . . 75 \ntttstile ( ) ....... 58 \nupdownharpoonleftright
\nswharpooncw () . . . . . 75 \ntwoheaddownarrow () . 78 () . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75
\nswharpoonnw () . . . . . 80 \ntwoheaddownarrow () . 74 \nupdownharpoonrightleft
\nswharpoonse () . . . . . 80 \ntwoheadleftarrow (h) . 49 () . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80
\nswlcurvearrow () . . . 79 \ntwoheadleftarrow () 78 \nupdownharpoonrightleft
\nswlsquigarrow () . . . 74 \ntwoheadleftarrow () 74 () . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75
\nswmapsto () . . . . . . . 74 \ntwoheadnearrow () . . 78 \nupdownharpoons () . . 80
\nswModels () . . . . . . . 52 \ntwoheadnearrow () . . 74 \nupdownharpoons () . . . 75
\nswmodels () . . . . . . . 52 \ntwoheadnwarrow () . . 78 \nupdownharpoonsleftright
\nswnearrows () . . . . . 78 \ntwoheadnwarrow () . . 74 () . . . . . . . . . . . . 80
\nswnearrows () . . . . . 74 \ntwoheadrightarrow (g) 49 \nUpdownline () . . . . . . 52
\nswnecurvearrow () . . 79 \ntwoheadrightarrow () 78 \nupdownline () . . . . . . 52
\nswneharpoons () . . . 80 \ntwoheadrightarrow () 74 \nupdownsquigarrow () . 79
\nswneharpoons () . . . . 75 \ntwoheadsearrow () . . 78 \nupdownwavearrow () . . 78
\nswpitchfork () . . . . . 86 \ntwoheadsearrow () . . 74 \nupfilledspoon () . . . . 86
\nswrcurvearrow () . . . 79 \ntwoheadswarrow () . . 78 \nupfootline () . . . . . . 52
\nswrsquigarrow () . . . 74 \ntwoheadswarrow () . . 74 \nupfree () . . . . . . . . . . 52
\nswspoon () . . . . . . . . 86 \ntwoheaduparrow () . . . 78 \nupharpoonccw () . . . . . 75

286
\nupharpooncw () . . . . . 75
\nupharpoonleft () . . . 80
\nupharpoonright () . . . 80
\nuplcurvearrow () . . . 79
\nupleftcurvedarrow () 79
\nuplsquigarrow () . . . 79
\nuplsquigarrow () . . . . 74
\nUpmapsto () . . . . . . . . 78
\nupmapsto () . . . . . . . . 78
\nupmapsto () . . . . . . . . 74
\nupModels () . . . . . . . 52
\nupmodels () . . . . . . . . 54
\nupmodels () . . . . . . . . 52
\nuppitchfork () . . . . . 88
\nuppitchfork () . . . . . 86
\nuprcurvearrow () . . . 79
\nuprightcurvearrow () 79
\nuprsquigarrow () . . . 79
\nuprsquigarrow () . . . . 74
\nupspoon () . . . . . . . . . 87
\nupspoon () . . . . . . . . . 86
\nupuparrows () . . . . . . 78
\nupuparrows () . . . . . . 74
\nupVDash () . . . . . . . . 54
\nupVdash () . . . . . . . . 54
\nupVdash () . . . . . . . . 52
\nupvDash () . . . . . . . . 54
\nupvdash () . . . . . . . . 54
\nupvdash () . . . . . . . . . 52
\nupwavearrow () . . . . . 78
\Nursey ( ) . . . . . . . . . . 184
\nuup () . . . . . . . . . . . . 91
\nUuparrow () . . . . . . . 78
\nvardownwavearrow () . 78
\nvargeq () . . . . . . . . . 63
\nvarhookdownarrow () . 78
\nvarhookleftarrow () . 78
\nvarhooknearrow () . . 78
\nvarhooknwarrow () . . 78
\nvarhookrightarrow () 78
\nvarhooksearrow () . . 78
\nvarhookswarrow () . . 78
\nvarhookuparrow () . . . 78
\nvarisinobar () . . . . . 57
\nvarleftrightwavearrow ()
. . . . . . . . 78
\nvarleftwavearrow () . 78
\nvarleq () . . . . . . . . . 63
\nvarniobar () . . . . . . . 57
\nvarparallel () . . . . . 49
\nVDash () . . . . . . . . . . 57 \nwarrowcorner () . . . . 80
\nVdash (.) . . . . . . . . . . 50 \nwarrowtail (%) . . . . . . 76
\nVdash (1) . . . . . . . . . . 49 \nwarrowtail (%) . . . . . . 72
\nVdash () . . . . . . . . . . 55 \nwbkarrow (e) . . . . . . . 76
\nVdash () . . . . . . . . . . 54 \nwedgeq () . . . . . . . . . . 54
\nVdash () . . . . . . . . . . 52 \nwfilledspoon (u) . . . . 86
\nVdash () . . . . . . . . . . 57 \nwfootline (}) . . . . . . . 51
\nvDash (*) . . . . . . . . . . 50 \nwfree () . . . . . . . . . . 51
\nvDash (2) . . . . . . . . . . 49 \nwharpoonccw (E) . . . . . 75
\nvDash () . . . . . . . . . . 55 \nwharpooncw (M) . . . . . . 75
\nvDash () . . . . . . . . . . 54 \nwharpoonne (M) . . . . . . 79
\nvDash () . . . . . . . . . . 52 \nwharpoonsw (E) . . . . . . 79
\nvDash () . . . . . . . . . . 57 \nwhiteblackspoon () . 87
\nvdash (&) . . . . . . . . . . 50 \nwlcurvearrow () . . . . 77
\nvdash (0) . . . . . . . . . . 49 \nwlsquigarrow () . . . . 72
\nvdash () . . . . . . . . . . 55 \nwmapsto (-) . . . . . . . . 72
\nvdash () . . . . . . . . . . 54 \nwModels () . . . . . . . . 51
\nvdash () . . . . . . . . . . 52 \nwmodels () . . . . . . . . 51
\nvdash () . . . . . . . . . . 57 \nwnwarrows (}) . . . . . . 76
\nvDdash () . . . . . . . . . 54 \nwnwarrows () . . . . . . 72
\nveeeq () . . . . . . . . . . 54 \nwovnearrow () . . . . . . 82
\nvinfty () . . . . . . . . . 114 \nwpitchfork () . . . . . . 86
\nVleftarrow () . . . . . . 81 \nwrcurvearrow () . . . . 77
\nVleftarrow () . . . . . . 84 \nwrsquigarrow () . . . . 72
\nvLeftarrow () . . . . . . 84 \Nwsearrow () . . . . . . . 76
\nvleftarrow () . . . . . . 84 \Nwsearrow () . . . . . . . 72
\nVleftarrowtail () . . 84 \nwsearrow () . . . . . . . 218
\nvleftarrowtail () . . 84 \nwsearrow () . . . . . . . 76
\nVleftrightarrow () . 84 \nwsearrow () . . . . . . . 72
\nvLeftrightarrow () . 84 \nwsearrow () . . . . . . . 82
\nvleftrightarrow () . 84 \nwsearrows () . . . . . . 76
\nvlongdash () . . . . . 54 \nwsearrows () . . . . . . 72
\nVrightarrow () . . . . . 81 \nwsebipropto () . . . . . 31
\nVrightarrow () . . . . . 84 \nwsecrossing () . . . . . 51
\nvRightarrow () . . . . . 84 \nwsecurvearrow () . . . 77
\nvrightarrow () . . . . . 84 \nwseharpoonnesw (S) . . 79
\nVrightarrowtail () . 84 \nwseharpoonnesw (S) . . 75
\nvrightarrowtail () . 84 \nwseharpoons (_) . . . . . 79
\nVtwoheadleftarrow () 84 \nwseharpoons (_) . . . . . 75
\nvtwoheadleftarrow () 84 \nwseharpoonswne (W) . . 79
\nVtwoheadleftarrowtail () \nwseharpoonswne (W) . . 75
. . . . . . . . 84 \Nwseline () . . . . . . . . 51
\nvtwoheadleftarrowtail () \nwseline () . . . . . . . . 51
. . . . . . . . 84 \nwspoon (m) . . . . . . . . . 86
\nVtwoheadrightarrow () 84 \nwVdash () . . . . . . . . . 51
\nvtwoheadrightarrow () 84 \nwvdash () . . . . . . . . . 51
\nVtwoheadrightarrowtail
() . . . . . . . . . . . . 84 O
\nvtwoheadrightarrowtail \O () . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
() . . . . . . . . . . . . 84 \o () . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
\nvarparallelinv () . . . 49 \nVvash (.) . . . . . . . . . . 50 o () . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90
\nvarrightwavearrow () 78 \nVvdash () . . . . . . . . . 54 o (o) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 151
\nvartriangleleft () . . 69 \Nwarrow (v) . . . . . . . . . 71 \oast () . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
\nvartriangleright () . 69 \Nwarrow () . . . . . . . . . 80 \oast () . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
\nvarupdownwavearrow () 78 \Nwarrow () . . . . . . . . . 76 \oasterisk (f) . . . . . . . . 34
\nvarupwavearrow () . . . 78 \Nwarrow () . . . . . . . . . 72 \obackslash (n) . . . . . . . 34
\nVbar () . . . . . . . . . . . 54 \Nwarrow () . . . . . . . . . 82 \obackslash () . . . . . . . 35
\nvBar () . . . . . . . . . . . 54 \nwarrow () . . . . . . . . . 71 \obackslash () . . . . . . . 35
\nVDash (*) . . . . . . . . . . 50 \nwarrow () . . . . . . 70, 218 \obar (:) . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
\nVDash (3) . . . . . . . . . . 49 \nwarrow () . . . . . . . . . 76 \obar () . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
\nVDash () . . . . . . . . . . 55 \nwarrow () . . . . . . . . . 72 \obar () . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
\nVDash () . . . . . . . . . . 54 \nwarrow () . . . . . . . . . 85 \Obelus ( ) .. . . . . . . . 176
\nVDash () . . . . . . . . . . 52 \nwarrow () . . . . . . . . . 82 \obelus ( ) . . . . . . . . . 176

287

\Obelus* ( ) . . . . . . . . . 176
\obelus* ( ) . . . . . . . . . 176
\oblong (@) . . . . . . . . . . 29
\oblong (:) . . . . . . . . . . 36
\obot (k) . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
\obot () . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
\obot () . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
\obrbrak () . . . . . . . . . 117
\obslash (;) . . . . . . . . . 29
\obslash () . . . . . . . . . 36
\obslash () . . . . . . . . . 36
\obslash () . . . . . . . . . 37
\oc () . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
\ocirc (e) . . . . . . . . . . . 34
\ocirc () . . . . . . . . . . . 35
\ocirc () . . . . . . . . . . . 35
\oiint ( ) ........... 42 open unit disk (D) . . . . . see
\oiint () . . . . . . . . . . . 44 alphabets, math
\oiint ( ) ........... 47 \openJoin ([) . . . . . . . . . 49
\openo (c) . . . . . . . . . . . 19
\oiint () . . . . . . . . . . . 43
\openo (=) . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
\oiint () . . . . .H. . . . . . 45
\openo (l) . . . . . . . . . . . 19
\oiintclockwise ( ) . . . 41
@ \opentimes (]) . . . . . . . . 49
\oiintctrclockwise ( ) 41 OpenType . . . . . . . . . . . . 152
\oiintsl () . . . . . . . . . 46 operators . . . . . 2830, 3335
\oiintup () . . . . . . . . . . 46 binary . . . . . . . . . 2937
\oint (u) . . . . . . . . . . . . 40 logical . . . . . . see logical
\oint (u) . . . . . . . . . . . . 39 operators
\oint ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . 39 set . . . . see set operators
\oint ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . 39 unary . . . . . . . . . . . 28
\oint () . . . . . . . . . . . . 44 \operp () . . . . . . . . . . . 37
\oint () . . . . . . . . . . . . 43 \oplus () . . . . . . . . . . . 34
\ocircle (#) . . . . . . . . . 30 \oint () . . . . . . . . . . . . 45 \oplus () . . . . . 28, 29, 214
\ocoasterisk (g) . . . . . . 34 \oplus () . . . . . . . . . . . 36
\ointclockwise ( ) . . . . 41
\ocommatopright ( ) . . . . 103 \oplus () . . . . . . . . . . . 35
\ointclockwise ( ) . . . . . 42
\octagon (8) . . . . . . . . . 136 \oplus () . . . . . . . . . . . 35
octonions (O) . see alphabets, \ointclockwise () . . . .

44
\oplus () . . . . . . . . . . . 37
math \ointclockwise ( ) . . . . . 47

\opluslhrim () . . . . . . . 33
\Octosteel () . . . . . . . . 127 \ointctrclockwise ( ) . . 41 \oplusrhrim () . . . . . . . 33

\od (a) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 \ointctrclockwise ( ) . . 42 \opposbishops (o) . . . . . 174
() . . . . . . . . . . . 35
\odash \ointctrclockwise () . . 44 \Opposition (p) . . . . . . . 124
\odiv (c) . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
\ointctrclockwise ( ) . . 47 \opposition (W) . . . . . . 122
\odiv () . . . . . . . . . . . . 37 optical scaling . . . . . . . . . 221
\odot (d) . . . . . . . . . . . . 34 \ointctrclockwise () . . 45
\ointctrclockwisesl () 46 options . . see package options
\odot () . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
\ointctrclockwiseup () 46 \OR () . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125
\odot () . . . . . . . . . . . . 35 or . . . . . . . . . . . . . . see \vee
\odot () . . . . . . . . . . . . 35 \ointsl () . . . . . . . . . . . 46
\ointup () . . . . . . . . . . . 46 OR gates . . . . . . . . . . . . 126
\odot () . . . . . . . . . . . . 37 \orbit () . . . . . . . . . . 129
\odotslashdot () . . . . . 37 \olcross () . . . . . . . . . 37

\odplus ( ) . . . . . . . . . . 34 old-arrows (package) 85, 86, 231
\ORd (
)
\OE () . . . . . . . . . . 15, 228 old-style numerals . . . . . . 27
. . . . . . . . . . 126
\oe () . . . . . . . . . . . 15, 228 \olddWinkey ( ) . . . . . . . 184
\oright (i) . . . . . . . . . . 34
\oequal () . . . . . . . . . . 35 \oright () . . . . . . . . . . 36
\Ofen ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . 184 \oldGclef ( g) . . . . . . . 154 \origof () . . . . . . . . . 87
\officialeuro (e) . . . . . 26 \oldstylenums . . . . . . . . 27 \origof () . . . . . . . . . . 56
\offinterlineskip . . . . . 216 \oldWinkey ( ) . . . . . . . . 184 oriscus . . . . . . . see musixgre
ogonek (package) 24, 231, 232 \oleft (h) . . . . . . . . . . . 34
ogonek ( ) . . . . . see accents \oleft () . . .
\ORl () . . . . . . . . . 126
. . . . . . . . 36

q
\ogreaterthan (=) . . . . . 29 \olessthan (<) . . . . . . . . 29
\ogreaterthan () . . . . . 36 \olessthan () . . . . . . . . 36 \OrnamentDiamondSolid ( ) .
\ogreaterthan () . . . . . 37 \olessthan () . . . . . . . . 37 . . . . . . . 141
{
\ohill (a) . . . . . . . . . . . 23 ornaments . . . . 135, 136, 141,
Olschok, Marc . . . . . . . . . 214
ohm . . . . . . . . see \textohm \OM () . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125 196197, 199202
\ohm () . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121 \Omega () . . . . . . . . . . . 90
/ ) . . . . . . . . . . . . 154
\Ohne (a \omega () . . . . . . . . . . . 90 \ORr ( ) . . . . . . . . . 126
\OHORN () . . . . . . . . . . . 16 \omegaup () . . . . . . . . . 91 orthogonal to . . . . . see \bot
\ohorn ()) . . . . . . . . . . . 16 \Omicron (O) . . . . . . . . . 90
\oiiint ( ) . . . . . . . . . 41 \omicron (o) . . . . . . . . . . 90
\oiiint () . . . . . . . . . 44 \ominus (a) . . . . . . . . . . 34 \ORu () . . . . . . . . . . 126
\ominus () . . . . . . . . . . 29 \oslash (m) . . . . . . . . . . 34
\oiiint ( ) . . . . . . . . . 47
\ominus () . . . . . . . . . . 36 \oslash () . . . . . . . . . . 29
\oiiint () . . . . .L . . . . . 45 \ominus () . . . . . . . . . . 35 \oslash () . . . . . . . . . . 36
\oiiintclockwise ( ) . . 41
D \ominus () . . . . . . . . . . 35 \oslash () . . . . . . . . . . 35
\oiiintctrclockwise ( ) 41 \ominus () . . . . . . . . . . 37 \oslash () . . . . . . . . . . 35
\oiiintsl () . . . . . . . . 46 \onlymove (F) . . . . . . . . 174 \oslash () . . . . . . . . . . 37
\oiiintup () . . . . . . . . 46 \oo () . . . . . . . . . . . . . 176 \ostar () . . . . . . . . . . . 35
\oiint (v) . . . . . . . . . . . 40 \oo (@) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 \osum () . . . . . . . . . . . . 44
\oiint ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . 39 \ooalign . . . . . . . . . . . . 216 .otf files . . . . . . . . . . . . 152
\oiint ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . 41 \open (z) . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 \Otimes () . . . . . . . . . . 37

288

\otimes (b) . . . . . . . . . . 34 \overparenthesis ( ) . 219,
\otimes () . . . . . . . . . . 29 220
\otimes () . . . . . . . . . . 36 \Overrightarrow (= ) . . . 104
\otimes () . . . . . . . . . . 35 overrightarrow (package) . 104,
\otimes () . . . . . . . . . . 35 231
\otimes () . . . . . . . . . . 37 \overrightarrow () . . . . 105
\otimeshat () . . . . . . . . 37 \overrightarrow ( ) 85, 104
\otimeslhrim () . . . . . . 33
\overrightharp ( ) . . . . . 85
\otimesrhrim () . . . . . . 33 \overrightharpdown () . 85
\otop (j) . . . . . . . . . . . . 34 \overrightharpoon ( ) . . 105
\otop () . . . . . . . . . . . . 36 \overrightharpoon ( ) . . 105
\otriangle () . . . . . . . . 36 \overrightharpoon () . . 105
\otriangle (d) . . . . . . 35, 68
\overrightswishingghost (
\otriangleup (o) . . . . . . 34
. . . . . . . 110
\oturnedcomma ( ) . . . . . 103
outer joins . . . . . . . . . . . 117 \overrightwitchonbroom (
. . . . . . . 110
ovals . 139, 162166, 191192,
197, 207208 \overrightwitchonbroom*
\ovee (>) . . . . . . . . . . . . 29 ( ) . . . . . . . . . . 110
\ovee () . . . . . . . . . . . . 36 \overring (x) . . . . . . . . 24
\Oven ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . 183 \overscriptleftarrow (
) 109
\oven ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . 184 \overscriptleftrightarrow
\overarc (a
) . . . . . . . . . . 23 (
) . . . . . . . . . . . 109
hkkikkj \overscriptrightarrow (
) .
\overbrace ( ) . . . . . 106 . . . . . . . 109
\overbrace () . . . . . . . 105 \overset . . . . . . . . . . . . 215
\overt () . . . . . . . . . . . 35
\overbrace ( ) . . . . . . . . 105
\overt () . . . . . . . . . . . 35
\overbrace ( ) . . . . . . 106
\ovhook ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . 103
\overbrace ( ) . . . . 105 \ovoid (l) . . . . . . . . . . . 34
\owedge (?) . . . . . . . . . . 29
\overbrace ( ) . . . . . . 104 \owedge () . . . . . . . . . . 36
\overbracket ( ) . . . . . . 106 \owns . . . . . . . . . . . . see \ni
\overbracket ( ) . . . . 105 \owns (Q) . . . . . . . . . . . . 93
\owns () . . . . . . . . . . 53, 94
\overbracket ( ) . . 219, 220 \owns (3) . . . . . . . . . . . . 94
\overbridge (a) . . . . . . . 22 \owns () . . . . . . . . . . . . 93
hkkk j
\overgroup ( ) ...... 106 \owns () . . . . . . . . . . . . 57
\overgroup () . . . . . . . . 105 \ownsbar (W) . . . . . . . . . . 93
\overgroup ( ) . . . . . . . 105 P 89, 90, 92, 93, 95, 96, 102,
\overleftarrow () . . . . . 105 P (P) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
\overleftarrow ( ) . 85, 104 \P () . . . . . . . . . . . . 15,
\overleftharp ( ) . . . . . 85
\P () . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
\overleftharpdown () . . 85 \p () . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
\overleftharpoon ( ) . . 105 \p ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
\overleftharpoon ( ) . .
105
................
p (p)
\overleftharpoon () . . . 105 \p@ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
\overleftrightarrow () 105 package options
\overleftrightarrow ( ) 85, a (esvect) . . . . . . . . .
104 arrows (boisik) . . . . .
\overleftswishingghost ( ) b (esvect) . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . 110 bbgreekl (mathbbol) .
boondox (emf) . . . . .
\overleftwitchonbroom ( ) c (esvect) . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . 110 cal (emf) . . . . . . . . .
\overleftwitchonbroom* ( ) calligra (emf) . . . . . .
. . . . . . . 110 chorus (emf) . . . . . . .
\overline ( ) . . 28, 102, 104 cmr (emf) . . . . . . . .
\overlinesegment ( ) . . 105 crescent (fge) . . . . . .
\overlinesegment (z x) . . d (esvect) . . . . . . . . .
105
e (esvect) . . . . . . . . .
\overparen ( ) .... 105 f (esvect) . . . . . . . . .
289
fourier (emf) . . . . . . . 122
frcursive (emf) . . . . . 122
g (esvect) . . . . . . . . . 106
german (keystroke) . . 125
greek (babel) . 15, 90, 91,
148
h (esvect) . . . . . . . . . 106
heartctrbull (bullcntr) . 173
integrals (wasysym) . . 39
largectrbull (bullcntr) . 173
mathcal (euscript) . . . 119
mathscr (euscript) . . . 119
mathscr (urwchancal) . 119
)
miama (emf) . . . . . . 122
new (old-arrows) . . 85, 86
) nointegrals (wasysym) 39
polutonikogreek (babel) 15,
90, 91
rsfs (emf) . . . . . . . . . 122
sans (dsfont) . . . . . . . 119
scaled (CountriesOfEurope)
. . . . . . . 183
scr (rsfso) . . . . . . . . . 119
smallctrbull (bullcntr) 173
smartctrbull (bullcntr) 173
upint (stix) . . . 38, 45, 47
utf8x (inputenc) . . . . 229
varg (txfonts/pxfonts) 92
packages
abraces . . . . 107, 231, 232
accents 102, 219, 231, 232
actuarialangle . . 107, 219,
231
adforn 131, 135, 136, 141,
231, 232
adfsymbols 130, 133, 135,
140, 231
allrunes . . . . . . 151, 231
. . . . 12, 15, 29, 39,
48, 49, 60, 62, 67, 70, 85,
151 104, 107, 111, 114, 115,
227 120, 211, 212, 230
amsbsy . . . . . . . . . . . 225
15
151 amsfonts . . . . . 115, 119
176 amsmath 12, 89, 102, 215,
151 224
218 amssymb . . 12, 102, 115,
119, 148, 231
106 amstext . . . . . . 216, 218
81 apl . . . . . . . . . . 125, 231
106 ar . . . . . . . . . . 121, 231
120 arcs . . . . . . . . . . 23, 231
122 arev . . 131134, 141, 152,
106 183, 231
122 ascii . . . . . . 126, 226, 231
122 astrosym . . . . . 193, 231
122 babel . . . 15, 90, 91, 148
122 bartel-chess-fonts 209, 210,
103 231
106 bbding 130133, 135, 139,
106 141, 212, 231
106 bbm . . . . . . . . . 119, 231
 bbold . . . . . . . . 119, 231
bclogo 185, 186, 231, 232
begriff . . . . . . . 112, 231
bigints . . . . 42, 231, 232
bm . . . . . . 225, 231, 232
boisik . . . . . . . 32, 36, 44,
55, 61, 66, 69, 80, 81, 92,
94, 95, 103, 114, 117, 137,
140, 148, 152, 231
braket . . . . . . . . . . . 96
bullcntr . . . 173, 231, 232
bullenum . . . . . . . . . 173
calligra . . . . 119, 231, 232
calrsfs . . . . . . . . . . . 119
cancel . . . . . . . . . . . 104
ccicons . . . . 27, 231, 232
cclicenses . . . . . . 27, 231
centernot . . . . . . . . . 216
chancery . . . . . . . . . . 231
chemarr . . . . . . 108, 231
chemarrow . 85, 108, 231
ChinA2e . 26, 89, 120, 179,
180
china2e . . . 119, 231, 232
clock . . . . . 172, 231, 232
cmll 28, 34, 48, 59, 95, 231
colonequals . . 28, 59, 231
combelow . . 24, 231, 232
cookingsymbols . 183, 231,
232
CountriesOfEurope . 181,
231, 232
cryst . . . . . . . . 207, 231
cypriot . . . . 147, 231, 232
dancers . . . . . . 203, 231
dblaccnt . . . . . . . . . . 219
dice . . . . . . . . . 208, 231
dictsym . . . . . . 177, 231
dingbat 132, 141, 199, 212,
231
DotArrow . . 109, 231, 232
dozenal . . . 113, 173, 231
dsfont . . . . . . . 119, 231
emf . . . . . . 122, 231, 232
epiolmec . . 148, 150, 231,
232
epsdice . . . . . . . 172, 231
esint . . . . . . . . . 42, 231
esrelation . . 86, 109, 231
esvect . . . . . . . 106, 231
eufrak . . . . . . . . . . . 119
eurosym . . . . . . . 26, 231
euscript . . . . . . 119, 231
extarrows . . . . . 108, 231
extpfeil . . . . . . . 109, 231
extraipa . . . . . . . 22, 231
fc . . . . . . . . . . . . 16, 20
fclfont . . . . . . . . . . . 231
fdsymbol . . . . . . 31, 32,
35, 43, 44, 53, 54, 61, 65,
69, 7680, 87, 88, 92, 94,
98, 99, 103, 105, 111, 114,
116, 137, 140, 152, 231
lilyglyphs
feyn . . . . . . . . . 128, 231
fge . 85, 94, 103, 113, 118,
231
fixmath . . . . . . . . . . 225
fontawesome . . . . . . . . . .
25, 26, 123, 127, 131134,
136, 140, 186, 189, 231,
232
fontenc . . 12, 15, 16, 20,
226, 228
fontspec . . . 152, 229, 230
fourier 26, 59, 91, 95, 101,
106, 133, 136, 170, 231
frege . . . . . 113, 231, 232
gensymb . . . . . . . . . . 121
go . . . . . . . . . . 176, 231
graphics . . . . . . . 85, 214
graphicx . . . 24, 211, 214
greenpoint . . . . 191, 231
halloweenmath . 37, 109,
110, 231, 232
hands . . . . . . . . 191, 231
harmony . . . . . . 154, 231
harpoon . . . 85, 231, 232
hhcount 172, 173, 231, 232
hieroglf . . . . . . 143, 231
holtpolt . . . . . . 110, 231
ifsym . 121, 139, 171, 212,
214, 231
igo . . . . . . . . . . 175, 231
inputenc . . . . . . . . . . 229
isoent . . . . . . . . . . . . 228
junicode . . . . . . 229, 231
keystroke . . . . . 125, 231
knitting . . . 181, 231, 232
knot . . . . . . 199, 202, 231
latexsym . . 29, 48, 59, 70,
115, 211, 231
152, 155162,
166168
lilyglyphs . . . . . . . . . 231
linearA . . . . 143, 231, 232
linearb 146, 147, 231, 232
logic . . . . . . . . . . . . 126
longdiv . . . . . . . . . . . 104
magic . . . . . . . . 209, 231
manfnt . . . . . . . 169, 231
marvosym . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . 25, 113, 122, 125127,
131, 134, 169, 170, 180,
212
mathabx 28, 30, 34, 40, 50,
60, 63, 67, 71, 72, 88, 93,
9597, 102, 106, 113, 116,
123, 174, 211, 212, 231
mathbbol . . . . . 119, 120
mathcomp . . . . . . . . 113
mathdesign 25, 33, 47, 94,
100, 118, 231
mathdots . 102, 110, 112,
218, 231
mathrsfs . . . . . . 119, 231
mathspec . . . . . . . . . 90
290
mathtools 28, 57, 85, 106,
108, 231
mbboard . . . 119, 120, 231
mdwmath . . 107, 231, 232
metre . . 23, 102, 176, 231
milstd . . . . 126, 231, 232
MnSymbol . . . 28, 30, 31,
35, 43, 5052, 61, 64, 68,
7275, 86, 87, 92, 93, 97,
102, 104, 105, 111, 114,
116, 136, 140, 152, 231
moonphase . . . . 193, 231
musixgre . . . . . . . . . . 154
musixlit . . . . . . . . . . 154
musixper . . . . . . . . . 154
musixtex . . . . . . 231, 232
nath . . . . . . 95, 101, 231
nicefrac . . . 117, 231, 232
niceframe . . 196199, 202
nkarta . . . . . . . 191, 231
ntheorem . . . . . . . . . 115
ogonek . . . . 24, 231, 232
old-arrows . . . 85, 86, 231
overrightarrow . . 104, 231
phaistos . . . . . . 142, 231
phonetic . 19, 23, 214, 231
pict2e . . . . . . . . . . . 122
pifont . . 16, 130135, 140,
141, 191, 196, 207, 214,
231
pigpen . . . . . . . 179, 231
pmboxdraw . . . . 178, 231
polynom . . . . . . . . . . 104
prodint . . . . . . . . 48, 231
protosem . . . . . 142, 231
psnfss . . . . . . . . . . . 134
PSTricks . . . . . . . . . 186
pxfonts . . . 28, 30, 41, 49,
60, 63, 71, 88, 9193, 115,
119, 140, 211, 226
recycle . . . . . . . 180, 231
relsize . . . . . . . . . . . 23
rotating . . . . . . . 27, 125
rsfso . . . . . . . . 119, 231
rubikcube . . 190, 231, 232
sarabian . . . 148, 231, 232
savesym . . . . . . . . . . 211
semaphor . . 205, 207, 231
semtrans . . . 20, 24, 231
shuffle . . . . . . . . 34, 231
simplewick . . . . . . . . 220
simpsons . . . . . 177, 231
skak . . . . . . 174, 175, 231
skull . . . . . . . . . 174, 231
slashed . . . . . . . . . . . 216
soyombo . . . 180, 231, 232
starfont . . . 124, 231, 232
staves . . . . . . . 178, 231
steinmetz . . 122, 231, 232
stix . . . . . 33, 37, 38, 45,
46, 56, 57, 62, 66, 67, 69,
8284, 89, 9295, 99, 103,
105, 112, 114, 115, 117,
 123, 124, 127, 137, 138,
141, 152, 172, 231, 232
stmaryrd . . 29, 39, 49, 60,
67, 71, 85, 88, 95, 96, 212,
216, 230, 231
svrsymbols . 128, 231, 232
t4phonet . . . 20, 23, 231
teubner 26, 112, 148, 177,
231, 232
textcomp . 12, 14, 15, 20,
2427, 70, 101, 117, 121,
152, 169, 211, 226, 228,
231
textgreek 15, 91, 231, 232
tfrupee . . . . 26, 231, 232
Tik Z . . . . . 184186, 190
tikzsymbols 184, 185, 231,
232
timing . . . . . . . . . . . 121
tipa . . 17, 18, 2023, 214,
231
tipx . . . . . . . . . . 18, 231
trfsigns . . 59, 94, 109, 231
trsym . . . . . . . . . 59, 231
turnstile . . . . . . . 58, 231
txfonts . . . . . . . . . . . 28,
30, 41, 49, 60, 63, 71, 88,
9193, 115, 119, 140, 211,
213, 226, 231
type1cm . . . . . . . . . . 211
ucs . . . . . . . . . . . . . 229
ulsy . . . . 34, 88, 214, 231
umranda . . . . . . 197, 231
umrandb . . . . . . 198, 231
underscore . . . . . . . . 14
undertilde . . . . . 107, 231
units . . . . . . . . . . . . 117
universa . . . 140, 170, 231
upgreek . . . . 15, 91, 231
upquote . . . . . . . . . . 226
url . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 226
urwchancal . . . . 119, 231
ushort . . . . 107, 231, 232
vietnam . . . . . . . . . . 231
vntex . . . . . . . . . . 16, 20
wasysym . . 19, 25, 27, 30,
39, 49, 60, 63, 111, 115,
121, 122, 124, 127, 134
136, 152, 169, 212, 231
webomints . . . . 196, 231
wsuipa . . 19, 22, 24, 212,
214, 219, 231
xfrac . . . . . . . . . . . . 117
yfonts . . . . 119, 120, 231
yhmath 103, 104, 107, 112,
218, 231
\PackingWaste () . . . . . 180
Pakin, Scott . 1, 217, 219, 230
\Pallas (:) . . . . . . . . . . 124
\pan ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . 184
paperclip . . . . . . . . . 185186

\PaperLandscape ( ) . . . 171

\PaperPortrait ( ) . . . . 171
par . . . . . see \bindnasrepma,
\invamp, and \parr
paragraph mark . . . . . . see \P
\parallel () . . . . . . . 48, 98
\parallel () . . . . . . . . . 53
\parallel () . . . . . . . . . 51
\parallel () . . . . . . . . . 56
\parallelogram () . . . . 138
\parallelogramblack () 138
parallelograms . . . . . 137138,
207208
\ParallelPort () . . . . . 125
\parallelslant () . . . . . 59
\parr (`) . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
\parsim () . . . . . . . . . . 56
\partial (B) . . . . . . . . . . 93
\partial () . . . . . . . . . . 93
\partial () . . . . . . . . . . 95
\partialmeetcontraction ()
. . . . . . . . 67
\partialslash (C) . . . . . 93
\partialvardint () . . 116
\partialvardlanddownint ()
. . . . . . . 116
\partialvardlandupint () .
. . . . . . . 116
\partialvardlcircleleftint
() . . . . . . . . . . . 116
\partialvardlcircleleftint
() . . . . . . . . . . . . 72
\partialvardlcirclerightint
() . . . . . . . . . . . 116
\partialvardlcirclerightint
() . . . . . . . . . . . . 72
\partialvardoiint () . 116
\partialvardoint () . . . 116
\partialvardrcircleleftint
() . . . . . . . . . . . 116
\partialvardrcircleleftint
() . . . . . . . . . . . . 72
\partialvardrcirclerightint
() . . . . . . . . . . . 116
\partialvardrcirclerightint
() . . . . . . . . . . . . 72
\partialvardstrokedint () .
. . . . . . . 116
\partialvardsumint () . 116
\partialvartint () . . . 116
\partialvartlanddownint ()
. . . . . . . 116
\partialvartlandupint () .
. . . . . . . 116
\partialvartlcircleleftint
() . . . . . . . . . . . 116
\partialvartlcircleleftint
() . . . . . . . . . . . . 72
\partialvartlcirclerightint
() . . . . . . . . . . . 116
\partialvartlcirclerightint
() . . . . . . . . . . . . 72
\partialvartoiint () . 116
\partialvartoint () . . . 116
291
\partialvartrcircleleftint
() . . . . . . . . . . . 116
\partialvartrcircleleftint
() . . . . . . . . . . . . 72
\partialvartrcirclerightint
() . . . . . . . . . . . 116
\partialvartrcirclerightint
() . . . . . . . . . . . . 73
\partialvartstrokedint ()
. . . . . . . 116
\partialvartsumint () . 116
particle-physics symbols . 128
129
\partof (3) . . . . . . . . . . 214
parts per thousand . . . . . see
\textperthousand
\partvoice (a ) . . . . . . . . 22
\partvoiceless (a
) . . . . . 22
\passedpawn (r) . . . . . . . 174
;
\PAUSe ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . 153
:
\PAuse ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . 153
=
\pause ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . 153
pawn . . . . . . . . 175, 209210
\PD (
) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125
PDF . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 152
.pdf files . . . . . . . . . . . . 228

pdfLATEX . . . . . . . . . . . . . 229
\Peace ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . 141
\PeaceDove (f) . . . . . . . . 170
#
\Ped () . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 153
\peeler ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . 184
\pencil () . . . . . . . . . . 132

\PencilLeft ( ) . . . . . . 132
\PencilLeftDown ( ) . . . 132

\PencilLeftUp ( ) . . . . . 132

\PencilRight ( ) . . . . . 132

\PencilRightDown ( ) . . 132

\PencilRightUp ( ) . . . . 132
pencils . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 132
\pentagon () . . . . . . . . 138
\pentagon (D) . . . . . . . . 136
\pentagonblack () . . . . 138
\Pentagram () . . . . . . . . 124
\pentagram () . . . . . . . . 35
\pentam (||)
. . . . . . . 177
\pentdot (=) . . . . . . . . . . 151
\penteye (@) . . . . . . . . . . 151
people . . . . . . . . . . . see faces
percent sign . . . . . . . . see \%
percussion . . . . . . . . . . . . 154
\permil (h) . . . . . . . . . . 27
\Perp (y) . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
\Perp () . . . . . . . . . . . . 55
\Perp () . . . . . . . . . . . . 59
\perp () . . . . . . . . . 48, 217
\perp () . . . . . . . . . . . . 53
\perp () . . . . . . . . . . . . 51
\perp () . . . . . . . . . . . . 56
\perps () . . . . . . . . . . . 117
\perthousand () . . . . . 121
\Pfanne ( ) . . . . . . . . . 184
\Pfund () . . . . . . . . . . . 25 phonetic symbols .... . 1720
\PgDown ( Page ) . . . . . 125 \phonon () . . . .... . . . 129
\PgUp ( Page ) . . . . . . . 125 \photon (::::) .... . . . 121
phaistos (package) . . 142, 231 photons . . . . . . 121, 128129
Phaistos disk . . . . . . . . . . 142 \PHoxBack (n) . . . . . . . . 142
pharmaceutical prescription see
\textrecipe \PHpapyrus (k) . . . . . . . . 142
\PHarrow (J) . . . . . . . . . . 142 \PHpedestrian (A) . . . . 142
\phase ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . 122
phasor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122 \PHplaneTree (i) . . . . . . 142
\PHbee (h) . . . . . . . . . . 142
\PHplumedHead (B) . . . 142
\PHbeehive (X) . . . . . . 142 \PHram (d) . . . . . . . . . . 142
\PHrosette (l) . . . . . . . 142
\PHboomerang (R) . . . . . 142
\PHsaw (P) . . . . . . . . . . . 142
\PHbow (K) . . . . . . . . . . . . 142
\PHshield (L) . . . . . . . . 142
\PHbullLeg (b) . . . . . . . . 142 \PHship (Y) . . . . . . . . . 142
\PHcaptive (D) . . . . . . . 142 \PHsling (V) . . . . . . . . . 142
\PHcarpentryPlane (S) . 142 \PHsmallAxe (r) . . . . . . 142
\PHcat (c) . . . . . . . . . . 142 \PHstrainer (q) . . . . . 142
\PHchild (E) . . . . . . . . . 142
\PHtattooedHead (C) . . 142
\PHclub (M) . . . . . . . . . . . 142 \PHtiara (I) . . . . . . . . . 142
\PHcolumn (W) . . . . . . . . . 142
\PHtunny (g) . . . . . . . . 142
\PHvine (j) . . . . . . . . . . 142
\PHcomb (U) . . . . . . . . . . 142
\PHdolium (T) . . . . . . . . 142 \PHwavyBand (s) . . . . . . . 142
\PHdove (f) . . . . . . . . . 142 \PHwoman (F) . . . . . . . . . 142
physical symbols . . . . . . . 121
\PHeagle (e) . . . . . . . . . 142
\Pi () . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90
\PHflute (o) . . . . . . . . . 142 \pi () . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90
\pi () . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91
\PHgaunlet (H) . . . . . . . 142
pi fonts . . . . . . . . . . . . 214
piano ( ) . . . . . . . . 157, 168
\PHgrater (p) . . . . . . . . 142
\Pickup (A) . . . . . . . . . . 126
\PHhelmet (G) . . . . . . . . 142 pict2e (package) . . . . . . . . 122
pifont (package) . 16, 130135,
\PHhide (a) . . . . . . . . . 142 140, 141, 191, 196, 207,
214, 231
\PHhorn (Z) . . .... . . . . . 142 pigpen (package) . . . 179, 231
\Phi () . . . . .... . . . . . 90 pigpen cipher . . . . . . . . . 179
\phi () . . . . .... . . . . . 90 {\pigpenfont A} (A) . . . 179
\phimeson () .... . . . . . 129
)
{\pigpenfont B} (B) . . . 179
\phimesonnull () . . . . . 129
\phiup () . . .... . . . . . 91 {\pigpenfont C} (C) . . . 179
{\pigpenfont D} (D) . . . 179
\PHlid (Q) . . . . . . . . . . . 142
{\pigpenfont E} (E) . . . 179
{\pigpenfont N} (N) . . . 179
{\pigpenfont O} (O) . . . 179
{\pigpenfont P} (P) . . . 179
{\pigpenfont Q} (Q) . . . 179
{\pigpenfont R} (R) . . . 179
{\pigpenfont S} (S) . . . 179
{\pigpenfont T} (T) . . . 179
{\pigpenfont U} (U) . . . 179
{\pigpenfont V} (V) . . . 179
{\pigpenfont W} (W) . . . 179
{\pigpenfont X} (X) . . . 179
{\pigpenfont Y} (Y) . . . 179
{\pigpenfont Z} (Z) . . . 179
pilcrow . . . . . . . . . . . . see \P
\pionminus () . . . . . . . 129
\pionnull () . . . . . . . . 129
\pionplus () . . . . . . . . 129
pipe . . . . . . . . see \textpipe
\Pisces () . . . . . . . . . . 122
\Pisces (M) . . . . . . . . . . 124
\Pisces () . . . . . . . . . . 122
\pisces (f) . . . . . . . . . . 122
\Pisymbol . . . . . 191210, 214
\Pisymbol{astrosym}{0} ( )
. . . . . . . 193


\Pisymbol{astrosym}{1} ( )
. . . . . . . 193
\Pisymbol{astrosym}{2} ()
. . . . . . . 193
\Pisymbol{astrosym}{3} ()
....... 193

\Pisymbol{astrosym}{4} ( )
. . . . . . . 193
\Pisymbol{astrosym}{5} () .
. . . . . . . 193
\Pisymbol{astrosym}{6} () .
. . . . . . . 193
\Pisymbol{astrosym}{7} ()
. . . . . . . 193
\Pisymbol{astrosym}{8} ()
. . . . . . . 193
\Pisymbol{astrosym}{9} ( )
. . . . . . . 193
\Pisymbol{astrosym}{10} (
. . . . . . . 193
\Pisymbol{astrosym}{11} ()
. . . . . . . 193
\Pisymbol{astrosym}{12} ()
\PHlily (m) . . . . . . . . . . 142 {\pigpenfont F} (F) . . . 179
{\pigpenfont G} (G) . . . 179
\PHmanacles (N) . . . . . . 142 . . . . . . . 193
\Pisymbol{astrosym}{13} (
)
{\pigpenfont H} (H) . . . 179
\PHmattock (O) . . . . . . . 142

\Phone ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . 141
{\pigpenfont I} (I) . . . 179
{\pigpenfont J} (J) . . . 179
. . . . . . . 193
\Pisymbol{astrosym}{14}
\phone () . . . . . . . . . . . 169

\PhoneHandset ( ) . . . . . 141
{\pigpenfont K} (K) . . . 179 
( ) . . . . . . . . . . . 193
phonetic (package) 19, 23, 214, {\pigpenfont L} (L) . . . 179 \Pisymbol{astrosym}{15} ( )
231 {\pigpenfont M} (M) . . . 179 . . . . . . . 193

292
\Pisymbol{astrosym}{16}
( ) . . . . . . . . . . 193
\Pisymbol{astrosym}{17} ( )  \Pisymbol{astrosym}{45} (-)
. . . . . . . 193
\Pisymbol{astrosym}{18}

( ) . . . . . . . . . . 193

\Pisymbol{astrosym}{19} ( )
. . . . . . . 193
\Pisymbol{astrosym}{20} ()
. . . . . . . 193

\Pisymbol{astrosym}{21}
( ) . . . . . . . . . . . 193

\Pisymbol{astrosym}{22} ( )
. . . . . . . 193
\Pisymbol{astrosym}{23} ()
. . . . . . . 193
\Pisymbol{astrosym}{24}
( ) .......... 193
)
\Pisymbol{astrosym}{25} (
. . . . . . . 193
\Pisymbol{astrosym}{26} ()
. . . . . . . 193

\Pisymbol{astrosym}{27}
( ) . . . . . . . . . . . 193

\Pisymbol{astrosym}{28}
( ) . . . . . . . . . . . 193
\Pisymbol{astrosym}{29} ( ) \Pisymbol{astrosym}{56} ( )
. . . . . . . 193
\Pisymbol{astrosym}{30}
() ........... 193
\Pisymbol{astrosym}{31} ( )
. . . . . . . 193
\Pisymbol{astrosym}{32}
( ) . . . . . . . . . . 193
!)
\Pisymbol{astrosym}{33} (
. . . . . . . 194
\Pisymbol{astrosym}{34}
"
( ) . . . . . . . . . . 194
\Pisymbol{astrosym}{35}
(#) . . . . . . . . . . .
194
\Pisymbol{astrosym}{36}
($) . . . . . . . . . . .
194
\Pisymbol{astrosym}{37}
(%) . . . . . . . . . . .
\Pisymbol{astrosym}{38} (&)
194
. . . . . . . 194
\Pisymbol{astrosym}{39} (')
. . . . . . . 194
\Pisymbol{astrosym}{40} (()
. . . . . . . 194
\Pisymbol{astrosym}{41} ())
. . . . . . . 194
\Pisymbol{astrosym}{42} (*)
. . . . . . . 194
\Pisymbol{astrosym}{43} (+)
....... 194
,
\Pisymbol{astrosym}{44} ( ) \Pisymbol{astrosym}{91} ( ) [
. . . . . . . 194 . . . . . . . 194
\Pisymbol{astrosym}{92} ( ) \
. . . . . . . 194 . . . . . . . 194
\Pisymbol{astrosym}{46} (.) \Pisymbol{astrosym}{93} ( ) ]
. . . . . . . 194 . . . . . . . 194
\Pisymbol{astrosym}{47} (/) \Pisymbol{astrosym}{94} ( ) ^
....... 194 . . . . . . . 195
_
\Pisymbol{astrosym}{48} (0) \Pisymbol{astrosym}{95} ( )
. . . . . . . 195
. . . . . . . 194
\Pisymbol{astrosym}{49} (1) d
\Pisymbol{astrosym}{100}
( ) . . . . . . . . . . . 195
....... 194 \Pisymbol{astrosym}{101}
\Pisymbol{astrosym}{50} ( ) 2 (e) . . . . . . . . . . . 195
. . . . . . . 194 \Pisymbol{astrosym}{102}
\Pisymbol{astrosym}{51} ( ) 3 (f) . . . . . . . . . . . 195
. . . . . . . 194 \Pisymbol{astrosym}{103}
(g) . . . . . . . . . . . 195
\Pisymbol{astrosym}{52}
4
( ) . . . . . . . . . . 194 \Pisymbol{astrosym}{104}
5 (h) . . . . . . . . . . . 195
\Pisymbol{astrosym}{53} ( )
\Pisymbol{astrosym}{105}
(i) . . . . . . . . . . . . 195
. . . . . . . 194
\Pisymbol{astrosym}{54} (6)
\Pisymbol{astrosym}{106}
(j) . . . . . . . . . . . . 195
....... 194
\Pisymbol{astrosym}{55} ( ) 7 \Pisymbol{astrosym}{107}
(k) . . . . . . . . . . . 195
. . . . . . . 194
8
. . . . . . . 194
\Pisymbol{astrosym}{108}
(l) . . . . . . . . . . 195
\Pisymbol{astrosym}{57}
9
\Pisymbol{astrosym}{109}
( ) . . . . . . . . . 194 (m) . . . . . . . . . . . 195
\Pisymbol{astrosym}{58}
: (n) . . . . . . . . . . . 195
\Pisymbol{astrosym}{110}
( ) . . . . . . . . . . . 194
\Pisymbol{astrosym}{59} (;) \Pisymbol{astrosym}{111}
. . . . . . . 194 (o) . . . . . . . . . . . 195
\Pisymbol{astrosym}{60} (<)
\Pisymbol{astrosym}{112}
. . . . . . . 194 (p) . . . . . . . . . . . 195
\Pisymbol{astrosym}{113}
\Pisymbol{astrosym}{61}
= (q) . . . . . . . . . . . 195
( ) . . . . . . . . . . 194
> \Pisymbol{astrosym}{114}
(r) . . . . . . . . . . . 195
\Pisymbol{astrosym}{62} ( )
. . . . . . . 194
\Pisymbol{astrosym}{115}
(s) . . . . . . . . . . . 195
\Pisymbol{astrosym}{63}
?
( ) . . . . . . . . . . . 194
@)
\Pisymbol{astrosym}{116}
(t) . . . . . . . . . . 195
\Pisymbol{astrosym}{64} (
. . . . . . . 194
(u) . . . . . . . . . . . 195
\Pisymbol{astrosym}{117}
\Pisymbol{astrosym}{65} ( A)
. . . . . . . 194 \Pisymbol{astrosym}{118}
(v) . . . . . . . . . . 195
B
\Pisymbol{astrosym}{66} ( ) \Pisymbol{astrosym}{119}
(w) . . . . . . . . . . . 195
. . . . . . . 194
C
\Pisymbol{astrosym}{67} ( )
(x) . . . . . . . . . . . 195
\Pisymbol{astrosym}{120}
. . . . . . . 194
\Pisymbol{astrosym}{68} (D)
(y) . . . . . . . . . . . 195
\Pisymbol{astrosym}{121}
. . . . . . . 194
\Pisymbol{astrosym}{69} (E) \Pisymbol{astrosym}{122}
. . . . . . . 194 (z) . . . . . . . . . . . 195
\Pisymbol{astrosym}{90} (Z) \Pisymbol{astrosym}{123}
....... 194 ({) . . . . . . . . . . . . 195
293

\Pisymbol{astrosym}{124}
|
( ) . . . . . . . . . . 195
\Pisymbol{astrosym}{125}
(}) . . . . . . . . . . . 195
(~) . . . . . . . . . . . 195
\Pisymbol{astrosym}{126}
() . . . . . . . . . . . 195
\Pisymbol{astrosym}{127}
() . . . . . . . . . . . 195
\Pisymbol{astrosym}{128}
() . . . . . . . . . . . 195
\Pisymbol{astrosym}{129}
\Pisymbol{astrosym}{130}
( ) . . . . . . . . . . . 195
\Pisymbol{astrosym}{131}
() . . . . . . . . . . . 195
() . . . . . . . . . . 193
\Pisymbol{astrosym}{132}
() . . . . . . . . . . . 193
\Pisymbol{astrosym}{133}
\Pisymbol{astrosym}{134}
( ) . . . . . . . . . . 193
\Pisymbol{astrosym}{135}
( ) . . . . . . . . . . . 193
\Pisymbol{astrosym}{136}
( ) . . . . . . . . . . . 193
\Pisymbol{astrosym}{137}
( ) . . . . . . . . . . . 193
\Pisymbol{astrosym}{138}
( ) . . . . . . . . . . . 193
\Pisymbol{astrosym}{139}
( ) . . . . . . . . . . . 193
\Pisymbol{astrosym}{140}
( ) . . . . . . . . . . . 193
\Pisymbol{astrosym}{141}
( ) . . . . . . . . . . . 193
\Pisymbol{astrosym}{142}
( ) . . . . . . . . . . . 193
\Pisymbol{astrosym}{143}
( ) . . . . . . . . . . . 193
\Pisymbol{astrosym}{144}
( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . 193
\Pisymbol{astrosym}{145}
( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . 193
\Pisymbol{astrosym}{146}
( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . 193
\Pisymbol{astrosym}{147}
( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . 193
\Pisymbol{astrosym}{148}
() . . . . . . . . . . . 193
\Pisymbol{astrosym}{149}
() . . . . . . . . . . . 193
\Pisymbol{astrosym}{150}
() . . . . . . . . . . . . 193
\Pisymbol{astrosym}{151}
() . . . . . . . . . . . 193
\Pisymbol{astrosym}{152}
() . . . . . . . . . . 193
\Pisymbol{astrosym}{153} \Pisymbol{astrosym}{190}
( ) . . . . . . . . . . . 193 ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . 194
\Pisymbol{astrosym}{191}
\Pisymbol{astrosym}{154}
( ) . . . . . . . . . . . 193 ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . 194
\Pisymbol{astrosym}{155} \Pisymbol{astrosym}{200}
( ) . . . . . . . . . . . 193
( ) . . . . . . . . . . . 194
\Pisymbol{astrosym}{201}
() . . . . . . . . . . . 194
\Pisymbol{astrosym}{156}
() . . . . . . . . . . . 193 \Pisymbol{astrosym}{202}
() . . . . . . . . . . . 194
\Pisymbol{astrosym}{157}
() . . . . . . . . . 193 \Pisymbol{astrosym}{203}
() . . . . . . . . . . . 194
\Pisymbol{astrosym}{158}
() . . . . . . . . . . . 193
\Pisymbol{astrosym}{204}
() . . . . . . . . . . . 193 () . . . . . . . . . . . 194
\Pisymbol{astrosym}{159}
\Pisymbol{astrosym}{205}
() . . . . . . . . . . . . 194
\Pisymbol{astrosym}{160}
() . . . . . . . . . . . 193
\Pisymbol{astrosym}{161} \Pisymbol{astrosym}{206}
() . . . . . . . . . . . . 194
() . . . . . . . . . . . 193
\Pisymbol{astrosym}{207}
() . . . . . . . . . . . 193
\Pisymbol{astrosym}{162}
() . . . . . . . . . . . 194
\Pisymbol{astrosym}{163}
() . . . . . . . . . . . 193
\Pisymbol{astrosym}{208}
\Pisymbol{astrosym}{164}
() . . . . . . . . . . 194
() . . . . . . . . . . . 193
\Pisymbol{astrosym}{209}
() . . . . . . . . . . . 194
\Pisymbol{astrosym}{165}
() . . . . . . . . . . . 194 () . . . . . . . . . . . 194
\Pisymbol{astrosym}{210}
\Pisymbol{astrosym}{166} \Pisymbol{astrosym}{211}
() . . . . . . . . . . . 194
( ) . . . . . . . . . . . 194
\Pisymbol{astrosym}{212}
() . . . . . . . . . . . 194
\Pisymbol{astrosym}{167}
( ) . . . . . . . . . . . 194
\Pisymbol{astrosym}{213}
() . . . . . . . . . . . 194
\Pisymbol{astrosym}{168}
( ) . . . . . . . . . . . 194
\Pisymbol{astrosym}{169} \Pisymbol{astrosym}{214}
() . . . . . . . . . . . 194
( ) . . . . . . . . . . . 194
\Pisymbol{astrosym}{178} \Pisymbol{astrosym}{215}
() . . . . . . . . . . . 194
() . . . . . . . . . . . 194
\Pisymbol{astrosym}{179}
() . . . . . . . . . 194
\Pisymbol{astrosym}{216}
() . . . . . . . . . . 194
\Pisymbol{astrosym}{180}
() . . . . . . . . . . . 194 () . . . . . . . . . . . 194
\Pisymbol{astrosym}{217}
() . . . . . . . . . . . 194
\Pisymbol{astrosym}{181} \Pisymbol{astrosym}{218}
() . . . . . . . . . . 194
\Pisymbol{astrosym}{182}
() . . . . . . . . . . . 194
\Pisymbol{astrosym}{219}
() . . . . . . . . . . . 194
\Pisymbol{astrosym}{183}
() . . . . . . . . . . . 194 () . . . . . . . . . . . 194
\Pisymbol{astrosym}{220}
() . . . . . . . . . . . 194
\Pisymbol{astrosym}{184}
() . . . . . . . . . . . 194
\Pisymbol{astrosym}{221}
\Pisymbol{astrosym}{185}
() . . . . . . . . . . . 194
\Pisymbol{astrosym}{222}
() . . . . . . . . . . . 195
\Pisymbol{astrosym}{186}
() . . . . . . . . . . . 194
\Pisymbol{astrosym}{223}
() . . . . . . . . . . . . 195
\Pisymbol{astrosym}{187} \Pisymbol{astrosym}{224}
() . . . . . . . . . . . 194 () . . . . . . . . . . 195
\Pisymbol{astrosym}{188} \Pisymbol{astrosym}{225}
( ) . . . . . . . . . . . 194 () . . . . . . . . . . . 195
() . . . . . . . . . . . 195
\Pisymbol{astrosym}{189} \Pisymbol{astrosym}{226}
( ) . . . . . . . . . . . 194
294

\Pisymbol{astrosym}{227}
( ) . . . . . . . . . . . 195
\Pisymbol{astrosym}{228}
( ) . . . . . . . . . . . 195
\Pisymbol{astrosym}{229}
( ) . . . . . . . . . . . 195
\Pisymbol{astrosym}{230}
() . . . . . . . . . . . 195
\Pisymbol{astrosym}{231}
) 207 \Pisymbol{cryst}{87} (W) 207
() . . . . . . . . . . . 195
\Pisymbol{cryst}{2} () . 207
\Pisymbol{cryst}{3} () 207
\Pisymbol{cryst}{4} () 207
\Pisymbol{cryst}{5} () 207
\Pisymbol{cryst}{6} () 207
\Pisymbol{cryst}{7} () 207
\Pisymbol{cryst}{8} () 207
\Pisymbol{cryst}{9} ( ) 207
\Pisymbol{cryst}{10} (
\Pisymbol{cryst}{81} (Q) . .
. . . . . . . 207
\Pisymbol{cryst}{82} (R) . .
. . . . . . . 207
\Pisymbol{cryst}{83} (S) . .
. . . . . . . 207
\Pisymbol{cryst}{84} (T) 207
\Pisymbol{cryst}{85} (U) 207
() . . . . . . . . . . 195
\Pisymbol{astrosym}{232}
() . . . . . . . . . . . 195
\Pisymbol{astrosym}{233}
\Pisymbol{astrosym}{234}
() . . . . . . . . . . 195
\Pisymbol{astrosym}{235}
() . . . . . . . . . . . 195
\Pisymbol{astrosym}{236}
() . . . . . . . . . . . 195
\Pisymbol{astrosym}{237}
() . . . . . . . . . . . 195
() . . . . . . . . . . . 195
\Pisymbol{astrosym}{238}
() . . . . . . . . . . . 195
\Pisymbol{astrosym}{239}
() . . . . . . . . . . . 195
\Pisymbol{astrosym}{240}
() . . . . . . . . . . . 195
\Pisymbol{astrosym}{241}
() . . . . . . . . . . . 195
\Pisymbol{astrosym}{242}
() . . . . . . . . . . . 195
\Pisymbol{astrosym}{243}
() . . . . . . . . . . . . 195
\Pisymbol{astrosym}{244}
() . . . . . . . . . . . . 195
\Pisymbol{astrosym}{245}
() . . . . . . . . . . . . 195
\Pisymbol{astrosym}{246}
() . . . . . . . . . . . . 195
\Pisymbol{astrosym}{247}
\Pisymbol{astrosym}{248}
() . . . . . . . . . . . 195
\Pisymbol{astrosym}{249}
() . . . . . . . . . . . 195
\Pisymbol{astrosym}{250}
() . . . . . . . . . . . . 195
\Pisymbol{astrosym}{251}
() . . . . . . . . . . . 195
\Pisymbol{astrosym}{252}
() . . . . . . . . . . 195
\Pisymbol{astrosym}{253}
() . . . . . . . . . . . 195
() . . . . . . . . . . . 195
\Pisymbol{astrosym}{254}
\Pisymbol{astrosym}{255}
( ) . . . . . . . . . . . 195
\Pisymbol{cryst}{0} ( ) . 207
\Pisymbol{cryst}{12} () 207
\Pisymbol{cryst}{15} () 207
\Pisymbol{cryst}{20} () 207
\Pisymbol{cryst}{21} () 207
\Pisymbol{cryst}{22} () 207
\Pisymbol{cryst}{24} () 207
\Pisymbol{cryst}{25} () 207
\Pisymbol{cryst}{27} () 207
\Pisymbol{cryst}{28} () 207
\Pisymbol{cryst}{29} () 207
\Pisymbol{cryst}{30} () 207
\Pisymbol{cryst}{31} () . .
. . . . . . . 207
\Pisymbol{cryst}{32} ( ) . .
. . . . . . . 207
\Pisymbol{cryst}{35} (#) 207
\Pisymbol{cryst}{36} ($) 207
\Pisymbol{cryst}{37} (%) 207
\Pisymbol{cryst}{38} (&) 207
\Pisymbol{cryst}{39} (') 207
\Pisymbol{cryst}{40} (() 207
\Pisymbol{cryst}{41} ()) . .
. . . . . . . 207
\Pisymbol{cryst}{42} (*) 207
\Pisymbol{cryst}{43} (+) . .
. . . . . . . 207
\Pisymbol{cryst}{44} (,) 208
\Pisymbol{cryst}{45} (-) 208
\Pisymbol{cryst}{47} (/) 208
\Pisymbol{cryst}{48} (0) 208
\Pisymbol{cryst}{49} (1) 208
\Pisymbol{cryst}{50} (2) 208
\Pisymbol{cryst}{55} (7) 208
\Pisymbol{cryst}{57} (9) 208
\Pisymbol{cryst}{58} (:) 208
\Pisymbol{cryst}{59} (;) 208
\Pisymbol{cryst}{60} (<) 208
\Pisymbol{cryst}{61} (=) . .
. . . . . . . 208
\Pisymbol{cryst}{62} (>) . .
. . . . . . . 208
\Pisymbol{cryst}{63} (?) 207
\Pisymbol{cryst}{64} (@) . .
. . . . . . . 207
\Pisymbol{cryst}{65} (A) . .
. . . . . . . 207
\Pisymbol{cryst}{66} (B) 207
\Pisymbol{cryst}{75} (K) 207
\Pisymbol{cryst}{77} (M) 207
\Pisymbol{cryst}{78} (N) 207
\Pisymbol{cryst}{79} (O) 207
\Pisymbol{cryst}{80} (P) . .
. . . . . . . 207
295
\Pisymbol{cryst}{88} (X) 207
\Pisymbol{cryst}{89} (Y) 207
\Pisymbol{cryst}{95} (_) 207
\Pisymbol{cryst}{97} (a) 207
\Pisymbol{cryst}{98} (b) 207
\Pisymbol{cryst}{99} (c) 207
\Pisymbol{cryst}{102} (f) .
. . . . . . . 207
\Pisymbol{cryst}{103} (g) .
. . . . . . . 207
\Pisymbol{cryst}{104} (h) 207
\Pisymbol{cryst}{105} (i) .
. . . . . . . 207
\Pisymbol{cryst}{107} (k) .
. . . . . . . 207
\Pisymbol{cryst}{108} (l) .
. . . . . . . 207
\Pisymbol{cryst}{109} (m) .
. . . . . . . 207
\Pisymbol{cryst}{112} (p) .
. . . . . . . 207
\Pisymbol{cryst}{113} (q) .
. . . . . . . 207
\Pisymbol{cryst}{120} (x) .
. . . . . . . 207
\Pisymbol{cryst}{121} (y) .
. . . . . . . 207
\Pisymbol{cryst}{123} ({) .
. . . . . . . 208
\Pisymbol{cryst}{124} (|) 208
\Pisymbol{cryst}{125} (}) . .
. . . . . . . 208
\Pisymbol{cryst}{127} () .
. . . . . . . 208
\Pisymbol{cryst}{128} () . .
. . . . . . . 208
\Pisymbol{cryst}{129} () .
. . . . . . . 208
\Pisymbol{cryst}{130} () .
. . . . . . . 208
\Pisymbol{cryst}{131} () .
. . . . . . . 208
\Pisymbol{cryst}{132} () .
. . . . . . . 208
\Pisymbol{cryst}{133} () .
. . . . . . . 208
\Pisymbol{cryst}{135} () . .
. . . . . . . 208
\Pisymbol{cryst}{136} () .
. . . . . . . 208
\Pisymbol{cryst}{137} () .
. . . . . . . 208
\Pisymbol{cryst}{138} () . .
. . . . . . . 207
\Pisymbol{cryst}{139} () .
. . . . . . . 207
\Pisymbol{cryst}{140} () . .
. . . . . . . 207
\Pisymbol{cryst}{141} () . .
. . . . . . . 207
\Pisymbol{cryst}{142} () .
. . . . . . . 207
\Pisymbol{cryst}{143} () . .
. . . . . . . 207
\Pisymbol{cryst}{145} () 207
\Pisymbol{cryst}{147} () . .
. . . . . . . 207
\Pisymbol{cryst}{148} () 207
\Pisymbol{cryst}{149} () . .
. . . . . . . 207
\Pisymbol{cryst}{155} () . .
. . . . . . . 207
\Pisymbol{cryst}{157} () . .
. . . . . . . 207
\Pisymbol{cryst}{158} () . .
. . . . . . . 207
\Pisymbol{cryst}{159} () . .
. . . . . . . 207
\Pisymbol{cryst}{175} () . .
. . . . . . . 207
\Pisymbol{cryst}{177} () . .
. . . . . . . 207
\Pisymbol{cryst}{178} () 207
\Pisymbol{cryst}{179} () . .
. . . . . . . 207
\Pisymbol{cryst}{185} () . .
. . . . . . . 207
\Pisymbol{dancers}{41}
\Pisymbol{cryst}{187} () .
. . . . . . . 207
\Pisymbol{cryst}{188} () . .
. . . . . . . 207
\Pisymbol{cryst}{223} () . \Pisymbol{dancers}{25} ()
 .
. . . . . . . 208 . . . . . . . 203
\Pisymbol{cryst}{224} () . \Pisymbol{dancers}{26} ()
 .
. . . . . . . 208 . . . . . . . 203
\Pisymbol{cryst}{230} () . \Pisymbol{dancers}{27} ()
 .
. . . . . . . 208 . . . . . . . 203
\Pisymbol{cryst}{231} () . \Pisymbol{dancers}{28} ()
 .
. . . . . . . 208 . . . . . . . 203
\Pisymbol{cryst}{232} () . \Pisymbol{dancers}{29} ()
 .
. . . . . . . 208 . . . . . . . 203
\Pisymbol{cryst}{233} () . \Pisymbol{dancers}{30} ()
 .
. . . . . . . 208 . . . . . . . 203
\Pisymbol{cryst}{236} () . \Pisymbol{dancers}{31} ()
 .
. . . . . . . 208 . . . . . . . 203
\Pisymbol{cryst}{240} () . \Pisymbol{dancers}{32} () .
. . . . . . . 208 . . . . . . . 203
\Pisymbol{cryst}{241} () . \Pisymbol{dancers}{33} ()
! .
. . . . . . . 208 . . . . . . . 203
\Pisymbol{cryst}{242} () . . \Pisymbol{dancers}{34} ()
" .
. . . . . . . 208 . . . . . . . 204
\Pisymbol{cryst}{243} () \Pisymbol{dancers}{35} ()
# .
. . . . . . . 208 . . . . . . . 204
\Pisymbol{dancers}{0} ( ) 203 \Pisymbol{dancers}{36} ()
$ .
\Pisymbol{dancers}{1} ( ) 203

. . . . . . . 204
\Pisymbol{dancers}{2} ( ) 203
 \Pisymbol{dancers}{37} ()
% .
\Pisymbol{dancers}{3} ( ) 203
 . . . . . . . 204
\Pisymbol{dancers}{4} ( ) 203
 \Pisymbol{dancers}{38} ()
& .
\Pisymbol{dancers}{5} ( ) 203
 . . . . . . . 204
\Pisymbol{dancers}{6} ( ) 203
 \Pisymbol{dancers}{39} ()
' .
\Pisymbol{dancers}{7} ( ) 203
 . . . . . . . 204
\Pisymbol{dancers}{8} ( ) 203
 \Pisymbol{dancers}{40} ()
( .
\Pisymbol{dancers}{9} ( ) 203
. . . . . . . 204
\Pisymbol{dancers}{10} ( ) .
()
) .
. . . . . . . 203 . . . . . . . 204
\Pisymbol{dancers}{11} ( ) .
 \Pisymbol{dancers}{42} ()
* .
. . . . . . . 203 . . . . . . . 204
\Pisymbol{dancers}{12} ( ) . \Pisymbol{dancers}{43} ()
+ .
\Pisymbol{cryst}{189} () . 

. . . . . . . 203 . . . . . . . 204
. . . . . . . 207
\Pisymbol{cryst}{195} () . . \Pisymbol{dancers}{13} ( ) .
\Pisymbol{dancers}{44} ()
, .
. . . . . . . 207 . . . . . . . 203 . . . . . . . 204
\Pisymbol{cryst}{197} () . \Pisymbol{dancers}{14} ( ) .
 \Pisymbol{dancers}{45} ()
- .
. . . . . . . 207 . . . . . . . 203 . . . . . . . 204
\Pisymbol{cryst}{198} () . . \Pisymbol{dancers}{15} ( ) .
 \Pisymbol{dancers}{46} ()
. .
. . . . . . . 207 . . . . . . . 203 . . . . . . . 204
\Pisymbol{cryst}{199} () . \Pisymbol{dancers}{16} ( ) .
 \Pisymbol{dancers}{47} ()
/ .
. . . . . . . 207 . . . . . . . 203 . . . . . . . 204
\Pisymbol{cryst}{202} () . \Pisymbol{dancers}{17} ( ) .
 \Pisymbol{dancers}{48} ()
0 .
. . . . . . . 207 . . . . . . . 203 . . . . . . . 204
\Pisymbol{cryst}{203} () . \Pisymbol{dancers}{18} ( ) .
 \Pisymbol{dancers}{49} ()
1 .
. . . . . . . 207 . . . . . . . 203 . . . . . . . 204
\Pisymbol{cryst}{204} () . \Pisymbol{dancers}{19} ( ) .
 \Pisymbol{dancers}{50} ()
2 .
. . . . . . . 207 . . . . . . . 203 . . . . . . . 204
\Pisymbol{cryst}{210} () . . \Pisymbol{dancers}{20} ( ) .
 \Pisymbol{dancers}{51} ()
3 .
. . . . . . . 207 . . . . . . . 203 . . . . . . . 204
\Pisymbol{cryst}{212} () . \Pisymbol{dancers}{21} ( ) .
 \Pisymbol{dancers}{52} ()
4 .
. . . . . . . 207 . . . . . . . 203 . . . . . . . 204
\Pisymbol{cryst}{213} () . \Pisymbol{dancers}{22} ( ) .
 \Pisymbol{dancers}{53} ()
5 .
. . . . . . . 207 . . . . . . . 203 . . . . . . . 204
\Pisymbol{cryst}{220} () . \Pisymbol{dancers}{23} ( ) .
 \Pisymbol{dancers}{54} ()
6 .
. . . . . . . 208 . . . . . . . 203 . . . . . . . 204
\Pisymbol{cryst}{221} () . \Pisymbol{dancers}{24} ( ) .
 \Pisymbol{dancers}{55} ()
7 .
. . . . . . . 208 . . . . . . . 203 . . . . . . . 204

296
\Pisymbol{dancers}{56} ()
8 . \Pisymbol{dancers}{87} ( )
W . \Pisymbol{dancers}{118} () .
v

. . . . . . . 204 . . . . . . . 203 . . . . . . . 203

\Pisymbol{dancers}{57} ()
9 . \Pisymbol{dancers}{88} ( )
X . \Pisymbol{dancers}{119} () .
w

. . . . . . . 204 . . . . . . . 203 . . . . . . . 203

\Pisymbol{dancers}{58} ()
: . \Pisymbol{dancers}{89} ( )
Y . \Pisymbol{dancers}{120} () .
x

. . . . . . . 204 . . . . . . . 203 . . . . . . . 204

\Pisymbol{dancers}{59} ()
; . \Pisymbol{dancers}{90} ( )
Z . \Pisymbol{dancers}{121} () .
y

. . . . . . . 204 . . . . . . . 203 . . . . . . . 204

\Pisymbol{dancers}{60} ()
< . \Pisymbol{dancers}{91} ( )
[ . \Pisymbol{dancers}{122} () .
z

. . . . . . . 204 . . . . . . . 203 . . . . . . . 204

\Pisymbol{dancers}{61} ()
= . \Pisymbol{dancers}{92} ( )
\ . \Pisymbol{dancers}{123} () .
{

. . . . . . . 204 . . . . . . . 203 . . . . . . . 204

\Pisymbol{dancers}{62} ()
> . \Pisymbol{dancers}{93} ( )
] . \Pisymbol{dancers}{124} () .
|

. . . . . . . 204 . . . . . . . 203 . . . . . . . 204

\Pisymbol{dancers}{63} ()
? . \Pisymbol{dancers}{94} ( )
^ . \Pisymbol{dancers}{125} () .
}

. . . . . . . 204 . . . . . . . 203 . . . . . . . 204

\Pisymbol{dancers}{64} ()
@ . \Pisymbol{dancers}{95} ( )
_ . \Pisymbol{dancers}{126} () .
~

. . . . . . . 204 . . . . . . . 203 . . . . . . . 204

\Pisymbol{dancers}{65} ()
A . \Pisymbol{dancers}{96} ( )
` . \Pisymbol{dancers}{127} () .


. . . . . . . 204 . . . . . . . 203 . . . . . . . 204

\Pisymbol{dancers}{66} ()
B . \Pisymbol{dancers}{97} ( )
a . \Pisymbol{dancers}{128} () .

. . . . . . . 204 . . . . . . . 203 . . . . . . . 204

\Pisymbol{dancers}{67} ()
C . \Pisymbol{dancers}{98} ( )
b . \Pisymbol{dancers}{129} () .

. . . . . . . 204 . . . . . . . 203 . . . . . . . 204

\Pisymbol{dancers}{68} ()
D . \Pisymbol{dancers}{99} ( )
c . \Pisymbol{dancers}{130} () .

. . . . . . . 204 . . . . . . . 203 . . . . . . . 204

\Pisymbol{dancers}{69} ()
E . \Pisymbol{dancers}{100} ( ) d . \Pisymbol{dancers}{131} () .

. . . . . . . 205 . . . . . . . 203 . . . . . . . 204

\Pisymbol{dancers}{70} ()
F . \Pisymbol{dancers}{101} ( ) e . \Pisymbol{dancers}{132} () .

. . . . . . . 205 . . . . . . . 203 . . . . . . . 204

\Pisymbol{dancers}{71} ()
G . \Pisymbol{dancers}{102} ( ) f . \Pisymbol{dancers}{133} () .

. . . . . . . 205 . . . . . . . 203 . . . . . . . 204

\Pisymbol{dancers}{72} ()
H . \Pisymbol{dancers}{103} ( ) g . \Pisymbol{dancers}{134} () .

. . . . . . . 205 . . . . . . . 203 . . . . . . . 204

\Pisymbol{dancers}{73} ()
I . \Pisymbol{dancers}{104} ( ) h . \Pisymbol{dancers}{135} () .

. . . . . . . 205 . . . . . . . 203 . . . . . . . 204

\Pisymbol{dancers}{74} ()
J . \Pisymbol{dancers}{105} ( ) i . \Pisymbol{dancers}{136} () .

. . . . . . . 205 . . . . . . . 203 . . . . . . . 204

\Pisymbol{dancers}{75} ()
K . \Pisymbol{dancers}{106} ( ) j . \Pisymbol{dancers}{137} () .

. . . . . . . 205 . . . . . . . 203 . . . . . . . 204

\Pisymbol{dancers}{76} ()
L . \Pisymbol{dancers}{107} ( ) k . \Pisymbol{dancers}{138} () .

. . . . . . . 205 . . . . . . . 203 . . . . . . . 204

\Pisymbol{dancers}{77} ()
M . \Pisymbol{dancers}{108} ( ) l . \Pisymbol{dancers}{139} () .

. . . . . . . 205 . . . . . . . 203 . . . . . . . 204

\Pisymbol{dancers}{78} ()
N . \Pisymbol{dancers}{109} ( ) m . \Pisymbol{dancers}{140} () .

. . . . . . . 205 . . . . . . . 203 . . . . . . . 204

\Pisymbol{dancers}{79} ()
O . \Pisymbol{dancers}{110} ( ) n . \Pisymbol{dancers}{141} () .

. . . . . . . 205 . . . . . . . 203 . . . . . . . 204

\Pisymbol{dancers}{80} ()
P . \Pisymbol{dancers}{111} ( ) o . \Pisymbol{dancers}{142} () .

. . . . . . . 205 . . . . . . . 203 . . . . . . . 204

\Pisymbol{dancers}{81} ()
Q . \Pisymbol{dancers}{112} ( ) p . \Pisymbol{dancers}{143} () .

. . . . . . . 205 . . . . . . . 203 . . . . . . . 204

\Pisymbol{dancers}{82} ()
R . \Pisymbol{dancers}{113} ( ) q . \Pisymbol{dancers}{144} () .

. . . . . . . 205 . . . . . . . 203 . . . . . . . 204

\Pisymbol{dancers}{83} ()
S . \Pisymbol{dancers}{114} ( ) r . \Pisymbol{dancers}{145} () .

. . . . . . . 205 . . . . . . . 203 . . . . . . . 204

\Pisymbol{dancers}{84} ()
T . \Pisymbol{dancers}{115} ( ) s . \Pisymbol{dancers}{146} () .

. . . . . . . 205 . . . . . . . 203 . . . . . . . 204

\Pisymbol{dancers}{85} ()
U . \Pisymbol{dancers}{116} ( ) t . \Pisymbol{dancers}{147} () .

. . . . . . . 205 . . . . . . . 203 . . . . . . . 204

\Pisymbol{dancers}{86} ()
V . \Pisymbol{dancers}{117} ( ) u . \Pisymbol{dancers}{148} () .

. . . . . . . 203 . . . . . . . 203 . . . . . . . 204

297
\Pisymbol{dancers}{149} () .
\Pisymbol{dancers}{180} () .
\Pisymbol{dancers}{211} () .

. . . . . . . 204 . . . . . . . 203 . . . . . . . 204

\Pisymbol{dancers}{150} () .
\Pisymbol{dancers}{181} () .
\Pisymbol{dancers}{212} () .

. . . . . . . 204 . . . . . . . 203 . . . . . . . 204

\Pisymbol{dancers}{151} () .
\Pisymbol{dancers}{182} () .
\Pisymbol{dancers}{213} () .

. . . . . . . 204 . . . . . . . 203 . . . . . . . 204

\Pisymbol{dancers}{152} () .
\Pisymbol{dancers}{183} () .
\Pisymbol{dancers}{214} () .

. . . . . . . 204 . . . . . . . 203 . . . . . . . 204

\Pisymbol{dancers}{153} () .
\Pisymbol{dancers}{184} () .
\Pisymbol{dancers}{215} () .

. . . . . . . 204 . . . . . . . 203 . . . . . . . 204

\Pisymbol{dancers}{154} () .
\Pisymbol{dancers}{185} () .
\Pisymbol{dancers}{216} () .

. . . . . . . 204 . . . . . . . 203 . . . . . . . 204

\Pisymbol{dancers}{155} () .
\Pisymbol{dancers}{186} () .
\Pisymbol{dancers}{217} () .

. . . . . . . 205 . . . . . . . 203 . . . . . . . 204

\Pisymbol{dancers}{156} () .
\Pisymbol{dancers}{187} () .
\Pisymbol{dancers}{218} () .

. . . . . . . 205 . . . . . . . 203 . . . . . . . 204

\Pisymbol{dancers}{157} () .
\Pisymbol{dancers}{188} () .
\Pisymbol{dancers}{219} () .

. . . . . . . 205 . . . . . . . 203 . . . . . . . 204

\Pisymbol{dancers}{158} () .
\Pisymbol{dancers}{189} () .
\Pisymbol{dancers}{220} () .

. . . . . . . 205 . . . . . . . 203 . . . . . . . 204

\Pisymbol{dancers}{159} () .
\Pisymbol{dancers}{190} () .
\Pisymbol{dancers}{221} () .

. . . . . . . 205 . . . . . . . 203 . . . . . . . 204

\Pisymbol{dancers}{160} () .
\Pisymbol{dancers}{191} () .
\Pisymbol{dancers}{222} () .

. . . . . . . 205 . . . . . . . 203 . . . . . . . 204

\Pisymbol{dancers}{161} () .
\Pisymbol{dancers}{192} () .
\Pisymbol{dancers}{223} () .

. . . . . . . 205 . . . . . . . 203 . . . . . . . 204

\Pisymbol{dancers}{162} () .
\Pisymbol{dancers}{193} () .
\Pisymbol{dancers}{224} () .

. . . . . . . 205 . . . . . . . 203 . . . . . . . 204

\Pisymbol{dancers}{163} () .
\Pisymbol{dancers}{194} () .
\Pisymbol{dancers}{225} () .

. . . . . . . 205 . . . . . . . 203 . . . . . . . 204

\Pisymbol{dancers}{164} () .
\Pisymbol{dancers}{195} () .
\Pisymbol{dancers}{226} () .

. . . . . . . 205 . . . . . . . 203 . . . . . . . 204

\Pisymbol{dancers}{165} () .
\Pisymbol{dancers}{196} () .
\Pisymbol{dancers}{227} () .

. . . . . . . 205 . . . . . . . 203 . . . . . . . 204

\Pisymbol{dancers}{166} () .
\Pisymbol{dancers}{197} () .
\Pisymbol{dancers}{228} () .

. . . . . . . 205 . . . . . . . 203 . . . . . . . 204

\Pisymbol{dancers}{167} () .
\Pisymbol{dancers}{198} () .
\Pisymbol{dancers}{229} () .

. . . . . . . 205 . . . . . . . 203 . . . . . . . 204

\Pisymbol{dancers}{168} () .
\Pisymbol{dancers}{199} () .
\Pisymbol{dancers}{230} () .

. . . . . . . 205 . . . . . . . 203 . . . . . . . 204

\Pisymbol{dancers}{169} () .
\Pisymbol{dancers}{200} () .
\Pisymbol{dancers}{231} () .

. . . . . . . 205 . . . . . . . 203 . . . . . . . 204

\Pisymbol{dancers}{170} () .
\Pisymbol{dancers}{201} () .
\Pisymbol{dancers}{232} () .

. . . . . . . 205 . . . . . . . 203 . . . . . . . 204

\Pisymbol{dancers}{171} () .
\Pisymbol{dancers}{202} () .
\Pisymbol{dancers}{233} () .

. . . . . . . 205 . . . . . . . 203 . . . . . . . 204

\Pisymbol{dancers}{172} () .
\Pisymbol{dancers}{203} () .
\Pisymbol{dancers}{234} () .

. . . . . . . 203 . . . . . . . 203 . . . . . . . 204

\Pisymbol{dancers}{173} () .
\Pisymbol{dancers}{204} () .
\Pisymbol{dancers}{235} () .

. . . . . . . 203 . . . . . . . 203 . . . . . . . 204

\Pisymbol{dancers}{174} () .
\Pisymbol{dancers}{205} () .
\Pisymbol{dancers}{236} () .

. . . . . . . 203 . . . . . . . 203 . . . . . . . 204

\Pisymbol{dancers}{175} () .
\Pisymbol{dancers}{206} () .
\Pisymbol{dancers}{237} () .

. . . . . . . 203 . . . . . . . 204 . . . . . . . 204

\Pisymbol{dancers}{176} () .
\Pisymbol{dancers}{207} () .
\Pisymbol{dancers}{238} () .

. . . . . . . 203 . . . . . . . 204 . . . . . . . 204

\Pisymbol{dancers}{177} () .
\Pisymbol{dancers}{208} () .
\Pisymbol{dancers}{239} () .

. . . . . . . 203 . . . . . . . 204 . . . . . . . 204

\Pisymbol{dancers}{178} () .
\Pisymbol{dancers}{209} () .
\Pisymbol{dancers}{240} () .

. . . . . . . 203 . . . . . . . 204 . . . . . . . 204

\Pisymbol{dancers}{179} () .
\Pisymbol{dancers}{210} () .
\Pisymbol{dancers}{241} () .

. . . . . . . 203 . . . . . . . 204 . . . . . . . 205

298
\Pisymbol{dancers}{242} () .
\Pisymbol{dice3d}{107} ( k)
. . . . . . . 205
\Pisymbol{dancers}{243} () .
. . . . . . . 205
() .
\Pisymbol{dancers}{244}
. . . . . . . 205
\Pisymbol{dancers}{245} () .
. . . . . . . 205
\Pisymbol{dancers}{246} () .
. . . . . . . 205
\Pisymbol{dancers}{247} () .
. . . . . . . 205
\Pisymbol{dancers}{248} () .
. . . . . . . 205
\Pisymbol{dancers}{249} () .
. . . . . . . 205
\Pisymbol{dancers}{250}
. . . . . . . 205
() .
\Pisymbol{dancers}{251} () .
. . . . . . . 205
\Pisymbol{dancers}{252} () .
. . . . . . . 205
\Pisymbol{dancers}{253} () .
. . . . . . . 205
\Pisymbol{dancers}{254} () .
. . . . . . . 205
\Pisymbol{dancers}{255} () .
. . . . . . . 205
\Pisymbol{dice3d}{49} (1) .
. . . . . . . 208
2)
\Pisymbol{dice3d}{50} ( .
. . . . . . . 208
\Pisymbol{dice3d}{51} (3) . . . . . . . . 208
. . . . . . . 208
\Pisymbol{dice3d}{52} (4) .
. . . . . . . 208
5)
\Pisymbol{dice3d}{53} ( .
. . . . . . . 208
6)
\Pisymbol{dice3d}{54} ( .
. . . . . . . 208
a)
\Pisymbol{dice3d}{97} ( . \Pisymbol{dingbat}{71}
. . . . . . . 208
b)
\Pisymbol{dice3d}{98} ( .
. . . . . . . 208
\Pisymbol{dice3d}{99} (c) .
) .
. . . . . . . 208
d)
\Pisymbol{dice3d}{100} (
. . . . . . . 208
\Pisymbol{dingbat}{97}
. . . . . . . 208
\Pisymbol{dice3d}{108} ( l) (a ) ......... 199
\Pisymbol{dingbat}{98}
. . . . . . . 208
(b) . . . . . . . . .
m)
\Pisymbol{dice3d}{109} ( 199
. . . . . . . 208 \Pisymbol{dingbat}{99}
(c) . . . . . . . . .
\Pisymbol{dice3d}{110} ( n) 199
. . . . . . . 208
\Pisymbol{dingbat}{100}
o)
(d) . . . . . . . . .
\Pisymbol{dice3d}{111} (
. . . . . . . 208 199
\Pisymbol{dice3d}{112} ( p) \Pisymbol{dingbat}{101}
(e) . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . 208
199
\Pisymbol{dice3d}{113} ( q) \Pisymbol{dingbat}{102}
(f) . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . 208
\Pisymbol{dice3d}{114} ( r) 199
. . . . . . . 208 \Pisymbol{dingbat}{103}
(g) . . . . . . . . .
s)
\Pisymbol{dice3d}{115} ( 199
. . . . . . . 208 \Pisymbol{dingbat}{104}
t)
(h) . . . . . . . . .
\Pisymbol{dice3d}{116} (
. . . . . . . 208 199
\Pisymbol{dice3d}{117} ( u) \Pisymbol{fselch}{0} (
. . . . . . . 209
) ..

) . .
. . . . . . . 208
\Pisymbol{dice3d}{118} ( v) \Pisymbol{fselch}{1} (
. . . . . . . 209
\Pisymbol{fselch}{2} () . .
. . . . . . . 208
\Pisymbol{dice3d}{119} ( w)
. . . . . . . 209
\Pisymbol{fselch}{3} () . .
. . . . . . . 208
\Pisymbol{dice3d}{120} ( x) . . . . . . . 209
\Pisymbol{fselch}{4} () . .
\Pisymbol{dingbat}{69} . . . . . . . 209
\Pisymbol{fselch}{5} () . .
(E ) ... 199 . . . . . . . 209
\Pisymbol{fselch}{6} () . .
\Pisymbol{dingbat}{70}
. . . . . . . 209
\Pisymbol{fselch}{7} () . .
(F ) ... 199
. . . . . . . 209
\Pisymbol{fselch}{8} () . .
G
. . . . . . . 209
\Pisymbol{fselch}{9} ( ) . .
( ) ... 199
\Pisymbol{dingbat}{72} . . . . . . . 209
\Pisymbol{fselch}{10} (
H
. . . . . . . 209
\Pisymbol{fselch}{11} () .
( ) ... 199
\Pisymbol{dingbat}{74}
. . . . . . . 209
e)
\Pisymbol{dice3d}{101} (
. . . . . . . 208
\Pisymbol{dice3d}{102} ( f)
) .
. . . . . . . 208
\Pisymbol{dice3d}{103} (
. . . . . . . 208
g)
\Pisymbol{dice3d}{104} ( h)
. . . . . . . 208
\Pisymbol{dice3d}{105} ( i)
. . . . . . . 208
j)
\Pisymbol{dice3d}{106} (
. . . . . . . 208
\Pisymbol{fselch}{12} () .
J
( ) ... 199 . . . . . . . 209
\Pisymbol{dingbat}{75} \Pisymbol{fselch}{13} (
. . . . . . . 209
(K ) ... 199 \Pisymbol{fselch}{14} () .
. . . . . . . 209
\Pisymbol{fselch}{15} () .
\Pisymbol{dingbat}{76}
(L ) ... 199
. . . . . . . 209
\Pisymbol{fselch}{16} () .
\Pisymbol{dingbat}{77}
. . . . . . . 209
\Pisymbol{fselch}{17} () .
M) . . .
( 199 ....... 209
299
\Pisymbol{fselch}{18} ( ) . \Pisymbol{fselch}{46} ( .) . \Pisymbol{fselch}{74} ( J) .
. . . . . . . 209 . . . . . . . 210 . . . . . . . 209
\Pisymbol{fselch}{19} () . \Pisymbol{fselch}{47} (/) . \Pisymbol{fselch}{75} (K) .
. . . . . . . 209 . . . . . . . 210 . . . . . . . 210
\Pisymbol{fselch}{20} () . \Pisymbol{fselch}{48} (0) . \Pisymbol{fselch}{76} (L) .
. . . . . . . 210 . . . . . . . 210 . . . . . . . 210
\Pisymbol{fselch}{21} () . \Pisymbol{fselch}{49} (1) . \Pisymbol{fselch}{77} (M) .
. . . . . . . 210 . . . . . . . 210 . . . . . . . 210
\Pisymbol{fselch}{22} () . \Pisymbol{fselch}{50} (2) . \Pisymbol{fselch}{78} (N) .
. . . . . . . 210 . . . . . . . 210 . . . . . . . 210
\Pisymbol{fselch}{23} () . \Pisymbol{fselch}{51} (3) . \Pisymbol{fselch}{79} (O) .
. . . . . . . 210 . . . . . . . 210 . . . . . . . 210
\Pisymbol{fselch}{24} () . \Pisymbol{fselch}{52} (4) . \Pisymbol{fselch}{80} (P) .
. . . . . . . 210 . . . . . . . 210 . . . . . . . 210
\Pisymbol{fselch}{25} () . \Pisymbol{fselch}{53} (5) . \Pisymbol{fselch}{81} (Q) .
. . . . . . . 210 . . . . . . . 210 . . . . . . . 210
\Pisymbol{fselch}{26} () . \Pisymbol{fselch}{54} (6) . \Pisymbol{fselch}{82} (R) .
. . . . . . . 210 . . . . . . . 210 . . . . . . . 210
\Pisymbol{fselch}{27} () . \Pisymbol{fselch}{55} (7) . \Pisymbol{fselch}{83} (S) .
. . . . . . . 210 . . . . . . . 209 . . . . . . . 210
\Pisymbol{fselch}{28} () . \Pisymbol{fselch}{56} (8) . \Pisymbol{fselch}{84} (T) .
. . . . . . . 210 . . . . . . . 209 . . . . . . . 210
\Pisymbol{fselch}{29} () . \Pisymbol{fselch}{57} (9) . \Pisymbol{fselch}{85} (U) .
. . . . . . . 210 . . . . . . . 209 . . . . . . . 210
\Pisymbol{fselch}{30} () . \Pisymbol{fselch}{58} (:) . \Pisymbol{fselch}{86} (V) .
. . . . . . . 210 . . . . . . . 209 . . . . . . . 210
\Pisymbol{fselch}{31} () . \Pisymbol{fselch}{59} (;) . \Pisymbol{fselch}{87} (W) .
....... 210 . . . . . . . 209 . . . . . . . 210
\Pisymbol{fselch}{32} ( ) . \Pisymbol{fselch}{60} (<) . \Pisymbol{fselch}{88} (X) .
. . . . . . . 210 . . . . . . . 209 . . . . . . . 210
\Pisymbol{fselch}{33} ( !) . \Pisymbol{fselch}{61} (=) . \Pisymbol{fselch}{89} (Y) .
. . . . . . . 210 . . . . . . . 209 . . . . . . . 210
\Pisymbol{fselch}{34} (") . \Pisymbol{fselch}{62} (>) . \Pisymbol{fselch}{90} (Z) .
. . . . . . . 210 . . . . . . . 209 . . . . . . . 210
\Pisymbol{fselch}{35} (#) . \Pisymbol{fselch}{63} (?) . \Pisymbol{fselch}{91} ([) .
. . . . . . . 210 . . . . . . . 209 . . . . . . . 210
\Pisymbol{fselch}{36} ($) . \Pisymbol{fselch}{64} (@) . \Pisymbol{fselch}{92} (\) .
. . . . . . . 210 . . . . . . . 209 . . . . . . . 210
\Pisymbol{fselch}{37} (%) . \Pisymbol{fselch}{65} (A) . \Pisymbol{fselch}{93} (]) .
. . . . . . . 210 . . . . . . . 209 . . . . . . . 210
\Pisymbol{fselch}{38} (&) . \Pisymbol{fselch}{66} (B) . \Pisymbol{fselch}{94} (^) .
. . . . . . . 210 . . . . . . . 209 . . . . . . . 210
\Pisymbol{fselch}{39} (') . \Pisymbol{fselch}{67} (C) . \Pisymbol{fselch}{95} (_) .
. . . . . . . 210 . . . . . . . 209 . . . . . . . 210
\Pisymbol{fselch}{40} (() . \Pisymbol{fselch}{68} (D) . \Pisymbol{fselch}{96} (`) .
. . . . . . . 210 . . . . . . . 209 . . . . . . . 210
\Pisymbol{fselch}{41} ()) . \Pisymbol{fselch}{69} (E) . \Pisymbol{fselch}{97} (a) .
. . . . . . . 210 . . . . . . . 209 . . . . . . . 210
\Pisymbol{fselch}{42} (*) . \Pisymbol{fselch}{70} (F) . \Pisymbol{fselch}{98} (b) .
. . . . . . . 210 . . . . . . . 209 . . . . . . . 210
\Pisymbol{fselch}{43} (+) . \Pisymbol{fselch}{71} (G) . \Pisymbol{fselch}{99} (c) .
. . . . . . . 210 . . . . . . . 209 . . . . . . . 210
\Pisymbol{fselch}{44} (,) . \Pisymbol{fselch}{72} (H) . \Pisymbol{fselch}{100} (d)
. . . . . . . 210 . . . . . . . 209 . . . . . . . 210
\Pisymbol{fselch}{45} (-) . \Pisymbol{fselch}{73} (I) . \Pisymbol{fselch}{101} (e)
....... 210 ....... 209 ....... 210

300
\Pisymbol{fselch}{102} (f) \Pisymbol{fselch}{130} () \Pisymbol{fselch}{222} ()
. . . . . . . 210 . . . . . . . 210 . . . . . . . 210
\Pisymbol{fselch}{103} (g) \Pisymbol{fselch}{131} () \Pisymbol{fselch}{228} ()
. . . . . . . 210 . . . . . . . 210 . . . . . . . 210
\Pisymbol{fselch}{104} (h) \Pisymbol{fselch}{132} () \Pisymbol{fselch}{234} ()
. . . . . . . 210 . . . . . . . 210 . . . . . . . 210
\Pisymbol{fselch}{105} (i) \Pisymbol{fselch}{133} () \Pisymbol{fselch}{240} ()
. . . . . . . 210 . . . . . . . 210 . . . . . . . 210
\Pisymbol{fselch}{106} (j) \Pisymbol{fselch}{134} () \Pisymbol{fselch}{246} ()
. . . . . . . 210 . . . . . . . 210 . . . . . . . 210
\Pisymbol{fselch}{107} (k) \Pisymbol{fselch}{135} () \Pisymbol{greenpoint}{71}
(G) . . . . . . . . . . . 191
A
. . . . . . . 210 . . . . . . . 210
\Pisymbol{fselch}{108} (l) \Pisymbol{fselch}{136} () \Pisymbol{hands}{65} ( ) . .
. . . . . . . 191
. . . . . . . 210
\Pisymbol{fselch}{109} (m)
. . . . . . . 210
\Pisymbol{fselch}{137} ()
B
\Pisymbol{hands}{66} ( ) . .
. . . . . . . 191
. . . . . . . 210
\Pisymbol{fselch}{110} (n)
. . . . . . . 210
\Pisymbol{fselch}{138} ()
C
\Pisymbol{hands}{67} ( ) . .
. . . . . . . 191
. . . . . . . 209
\Pisymbol{fselch}{111} (o)
. . . . . . . 210
\Pisymbol{fselch}{139} ()
D
\Pisymbol{hands}{68} ( ) . .
. . . . . . . 191
. . . . . . . 209
\Pisymbol{fselch}{112} (p)
. . . . . . . 210
\Pisymbol{fselch}{140} ()
\Pisymbol{knot1}{48} (
. . . . . . . 199
0 ) .

1
. . . . . . . 209 . . . . . . . 210
\Pisymbol{fselch}{113} (q) \Pisymbol{fselch}{141} () \Pisymbol{knot1}{49} ( ) .
. . . . . . . 199
2
. . . . . . . 209 . . . . . . . 210
\Pisymbol{fselch}{114} (r) \Pisymbol{fselch}{142} () \Pisymbol{knot1}{50} ( ) .
. . . . . . . 209 . . . . . . . 210 . . . . . . . 199
\Pisymbol{fselch}{115} (s)
. . . . . . . 209
\Pisymbol{fselch}{143} ()
. . . . . . . 210
\Pisymbol{knot1}{51} ( 3 ) .

\Pisymbol{fselch}{116} (t) \Pisymbol{fselch}{144} ()

. . . . . . . 199

. . . . . . . 209 . . . . . . . 210 \Pisymbol{knot1}{52} ( 4 ) .

\Pisymbol{fselch}{117} (u) \Pisymbol{fselch}{145} ()
. . . . . . . 199
. . . . . . . 209
\Pisymbol{fselch}{118} (v)
. . . . . . . 210
\Pisymbol{fselch}{151} ()
\Pisymbol{knot1}{53} (
. . . . . . . 199
5 ) .

. . . . . . . 209
\Pisymbol{fselch}{119} (w)
. . . . . . . 210
\Pisymbol{fselch}{157} ()
\Pisymbol{knot1}{58} (
. . . . . . . 199
: ) .

. . . . . . . 209
\Pisymbol{fselch}{120} (x)
. . . . . . . 210
\Pisymbol{fselch}{163} ()
\Pisymbol{knot1}{59} (
. . . . . . . 199
; ) .

<
. . . . . . . 209 . . . . . . . 210
\Pisymbol{fselch}{121} (y) \Pisymbol{fselch}{169} () \Pisymbol{knot1}{60} ( ) .
. . . . . . . 199
=
. . . . . . . 209 . . . . . . . 210
\Pisymbol{fselch}{122} (z) \Pisymbol{fselch}{175} () \Pisymbol{knot1}{61} ( ) .
. . . . . . . 209 . . . . . . . 210 . . . . . . . 199
\Pisymbol{fselch}{123} ({) \Pisymbol{fselch}{180} ()
. . . . . . . 209 . . . . . . . 210 \Pisymbol{knot1}{62} ( > ) .

\Pisymbol{fselch}{124} (|) \Pisymbol{fselch}{186} ()

. . . . . . . 200

. . . . . . . 209 . . . . . . . 210 \Pisymbol{knot1}{63} ( ? ) .

\Pisymbol{fselch}{125} (}) \Pisymbol{fselch}{192} () . . . . . . . 200
. . . . . . . 209
\Pisymbol{fselch}{126} (~)
. . . . . . . 210
\Pisymbol{fselch}{198} ()
\Pisymbol{knot1}{64} (
. . . . . . . 200
@ ) .

. . . . . . . 209
\Pisymbol{fselch}{127} ()
. . . . . . . 210
\Pisymbol{fselch}{204} ()
\Pisymbol{knot1}{65} (
. . . . . . . 200
A ) .

. . . . . . . 209
\Pisymbol{fselch}{128} ()
. . . . . . . 210
\Pisymbol{fselch}{210} () \Pisymbol{knot1}{66} (
. . . . . . . 200
B ) .

C
. . . . . . . 209 . . . . . . . 210
\Pisymbol{fselch}{129} () \Pisymbol{fselch}{216} () \Pisymbol{knot1}{67} ( ) .
....... 209 ....... 210 . . . . . . . 200

301
\Pisymbol{knot1}{68} ( D ) . \Pisymbol{knot1}{100} (d ) \Pisymbol{knot2}{71} ( G ) .

E e H
. . . . . . . 199 . . . . . . . 199 . . . . . . . 200
\Pisymbol{knot1}{69} ( ) . \Pisymbol{knot1}{101} ( ) \Pisymbol{knot2}{72} ( ) .

F f I
. . . . . . . 199 . . . . . . . 200 . . . . . . . 200
\Pisymbol{knot1}{70} ( ) . \Pisymbol{knot1}{102} ( ) \Pisymbol{knot2}{73} ( ) .

G g J
. . . . . . . 199 . . . . . . . 200 . . . . . . . 200
\Pisymbol{knot1}{71} ( ) . \Pisymbol{knot1}{103} ( ) \Pisymbol{knot2}{74} ( ) .

H h K
. . . . . . . 199 . . . . . . . 200 . . . . . . . 200
\Pisymbol{knot1}{72} ( ) . \Pisymbol{knot1}{104} ( ) \Pisymbol{knot2}{75} ( ) .

I i L
. . . . . . . 199 . . . . . . . 200 . . . . . . . 200
\Pisymbol{knot1}{73} ( ) . \Pisymbol{knot1}{105} ( ) \Pisymbol{knot2}{76} ( ) .

J 0 M
. . . . . . . 199 . . . . . . . 200 . . . . . . . 200
\Pisymbol{knot1}{74} ( ) . \Pisymbol{knot2}{48} ( ) . \Pisymbol{knot2}{77} ( ) .

K 1 N
. . . . . . . 199 . . . . . . . 200 . . . . . . . 200
\Pisymbol{knot1}{75} ( ) . \Pisymbol{knot2}{49} ( ) . \Pisymbol{knot2}{78} ( ) .

L 2 O
. . . . . . . 199 . . . . . . . 200 . . . . . . . 200
\Pisymbol{knot1}{76} ( ) . \Pisymbol{knot2}{50} ( ) . \Pisymbol{knot2}{79} ( ) .

M 3 P
. . . . . . . 199 . . . . . . . 200 . . . . . . . 200
\Pisymbol{knot1}{77} ( ) . \Pisymbol{knot2}{51} ( ) . \Pisymbol{knot2}{80} ( ) .

N 4 Q
. . . . . . . 199 . . . . . . . 200 . . . . . . . 200
\Pisymbol{knot1}{78} ( ) . \Pisymbol{knot2}{52} ( ) . \Pisymbol{knot2}{81} ( ) .

O 5 R
. . . . . . . 200 . . . . . . . 200 . . . . . . . 200
\Pisymbol{knot1}{79} ( ) . \Pisymbol{knot2}{53} ( ) . \Pisymbol{knot2}{82} ( ) .

P : S
. . . . . . . 200 . . . . . . . 200 . . . . . . . 200
\Pisymbol{knot1}{80} ( ) . \Pisymbol{knot2}{58} ( ) . \Pisymbol{knot2}{83} ( ) .

Q ; T
. . . . . . . 200 . . . . . . . 200 . . . . . . . 200
\Pisymbol{knot1}{81} ( ) . \Pisymbol{knot2}{59} ( ) . \Pisymbol{knot2}{84} ( ) .

R < U
. . . . . . . 200 . . . . . . . 200 . . . . . . . 200
\Pisymbol{knot1}{82} ( ) . \Pisymbol{knot2}{60} ( ) . \Pisymbol{knot2}{85} ( ) .

S = V
. . . . . . . 200 . . . . . . . 200 . . . . . . . 200
\Pisymbol{knot1}{83} ( ) . \Pisymbol{knot2}{61} ( ) . \Pisymbol{knot2}{86} ( ) .

T > W
. . . . . . . 200 . . . . . . . 200 . . . . . . . 200
\Pisymbol{knot1}{84} ( ) . \Pisymbol{knot2}{62} ( ) . \Pisymbol{knot2}{87} ( ) .

U ? X
. . . . . . . 199 . . . . . . . 200 . . . . . . . 200
\Pisymbol{knot1}{85} ( ) . \Pisymbol{knot2}{63} ( ) . \Pisymbol{knot2}{88} ( ) .

V @ `
. . . . . . . 199 . . . . . . . 200 . . . . . . . 200
\Pisymbol{knot1}{86} ( ) . \Pisymbol{knot2}{64} ( ) . \Pisymbol{knot2}{96} ( ) .

W A a
. . . . . . . 199 . . . . . . . 200 . . . . . . . 200
\Pisymbol{knot1}{87} ( ) . \Pisymbol{knot2}{65} ( ) . \Pisymbol{knot2}{97} ( ) .

X B b
. . . . . . . 199 . . . . . . . 200 . . . . . . . 200
\Pisymbol{knot1}{88} ( ) . \Pisymbol{knot2}{66} ( ) . \Pisymbol{knot2}{98} ( ) .

` C c
. . . . . . . 199 . . . . . . . 200 . . . . . . . 200
\Pisymbol{knot1}{96} ( ) . \Pisymbol{knot2}{67} ( ) . \Pisymbol{knot2}{99} ( ) .

a D d
. . . . . . . 199 . . . . . . . 200 . . . . . . . 200
\Pisymbol{knot1}{97} ( ) . \Pisymbol{knot2}{68} ( ) . \Pisymbol{knot2}{100} ( )

b E e
. . . . . . . 199 . . . . . . . 200 . . . . . . . 200
\Pisymbol{knot1}{98} ( ) . \Pisymbol{knot2}{69} ( ) . \Pisymbol{knot2}{101} ( )

c F f
. . . . . . . 199 . . . . . . . 200 . . . . . . . 200
\Pisymbol{knot1}{99} ( ) . \Pisymbol{knot2}{70} ( ) . \Pisymbol{knot2}{102} ( )
. . . . . . . 199 . . . . . . . 200 . . . . . . . 200

302
\Pisymbol{knot2}{103} (g ) \Pisymbol{knot3}{74} ( J ) . \Pisymbol{knot4}{48} ( 0 ) .

h K 1
. . . . . . . 200 . . . . . . . 200 . . . . . . . 201
\Pisymbol{knot2}{104} ( ) \Pisymbol{knot3}{75} ( ) . \Pisymbol{knot4}{49} ( ) .

i L 2
. . . . . . . 200 . . . . . . . 200 . . . . . . . 201
\Pisymbol{knot2}{105} ( ) \Pisymbol{knot3}{76} ( ) . \Pisymbol{knot4}{50} ( ) .

0 M 3
. . . . . . . 200 . . . . . . . 200 . . . . . . . 201
\Pisymbol{knot3}{48} ( ) . \Pisymbol{knot3}{77} ( ) . \Pisymbol{knot4}{51} ( ) .

1 N 4
. . . . . . . 200 . . . . . . . 200 . . . . . . . 201
\Pisymbol{knot3}{49} ( ) . \Pisymbol{knot3}{78} ( ) . \Pisymbol{knot4}{52} ( ) .

2 O 5
. . . . . . . 200 . . . . . . . 200 . . . . . . . 201
\Pisymbol{knot3}{50} ( ) . \Pisymbol{knot3}{79} ( ) . \Pisymbol{knot4}{53} ( ) .

3 P :
. . . . . . . 200 . . . . . . . 200 . . . . . . . 201
\Pisymbol{knot3}{51} ( ) . \Pisymbol{knot3}{80} ( ) . \Pisymbol{knot4}{58} ( ) .

4 Q ;
. . . . . . . 200 . . . . . . . 200 . . . . . . . 201
\Pisymbol{knot3}{52} ( ) . \Pisymbol{knot3}{81} ( ) . \Pisymbol{knot4}{59} ( ) .

5 R <
. . . . . . . 200 . . . . . . . 200 . . . . . . . 201
\Pisymbol{knot3}{53} ( ) . \Pisymbol{knot3}{82} ( ) . \Pisymbol{knot4}{60} ( ) .

: S =
. . . . . . . 200 . . . . . . . 200 . . . . . . . 201
\Pisymbol{knot3}{58} ( ) . \Pisymbol{knot3}{83} ( ) . \Pisymbol{knot4}{61} ( ) .

; T >
. . . . . . . 200 . . . . . . . 201 . . . . . . . 201
\Pisymbol{knot3}{59} ( ) . \Pisymbol{knot3}{84} ( ) . \Pisymbol{knot4}{62} ( ) .

< U ?
. . . . . . . 200 . . . . . . . 200 . . . . . . . 201
\Pisymbol{knot3}{60} ( ) . \Pisymbol{knot3}{85} ( ) . \Pisymbol{knot4}{63} ( ) .

= V @
. . . . . . . 200 . . . . . . . 200 . . . . . . . 201
\Pisymbol{knot3}{61} ( ) . \Pisymbol{knot3}{86} ( ) . \Pisymbol{knot4}{64} ( ) .

> W A
. . . . . . . 200 . . . . . . . 200 . . . . . . . 201
\Pisymbol{knot3}{62} ( ) . \Pisymbol{knot3}{87} ( ) . \Pisymbol{knot4}{65} ( ) .

? X B
. . . . . . . 200 . . . . . . . 200 . . . . . . . 201
\Pisymbol{knot3}{63} ( ) . \Pisymbol{knot3}{88} ( ) . \Pisymbol{knot4}{66} ( ) .

@ ` C
. . . . . . . 200 . . . . . . . 200 . . . . . . . 201
\Pisymbol{knot3}{64} ( ) . \Pisymbol{knot3}{96} ( ) . \Pisymbol{knot4}{67} ( ) .

A a D
. . . . . . . 200 . . . . . . . 200 . . . . . . . 201
\Pisymbol{knot3}{65} ( ) . \Pisymbol{knot3}{97} ( ) . \Pisymbol{knot4}{68} ( ) .

B b E
. . . . . . . 200 . . . . . . . 200 . . . . . . . 201
\Pisymbol{knot3}{66} ( ) . \Pisymbol{knot3}{98} ( ) . \Pisymbol{knot4}{69} ( ) .

C c F
. . . . . . . 200 . . . . . . . 200 . . . . . . . 201
\Pisymbol{knot3}{67} ( ) . \Pisymbol{knot3}{99} ( ) . \Pisymbol{knot4}{70} ( ) .

D d G
. . . . . . . 201 . . . . . . . 200 . . . . . . . 201
\Pisymbol{knot3}{68} ( ) . \Pisymbol{knot3}{100} ( ) \Pisymbol{knot4}{71} ( ) .

E e H
. . . . . . . 200 . . . . . . . 200 . . . . . . . 201
\Pisymbol{knot3}{69} ( ) . \Pisymbol{knot3}{101} ( ) \Pisymbol{knot4}{72} ( ) .

F f I
. . . . . . . 200 . . . . . . . 200 . . . . . . . 201
\Pisymbol{knot3}{70} ( ) . \Pisymbol{knot3}{102} ( ) \Pisymbol{knot4}{73} ( ) .

G g J
. . . . . . . 200 . . . . . . . 200 . . . . . . . 201
\Pisymbol{knot3}{71} ( ) . \Pisymbol{knot3}{103} ( ) \Pisymbol{knot4}{74} ( ) .

H h K
. . . . . . . 200 . . . . . . . 200 . . . . . . . 201
\Pisymbol{knot3}{72} ( ) . \Pisymbol{knot3}{104} ( ) \Pisymbol{knot4}{75} ( ) .

I i L
. . . . . . . 200 . . . . . . . 200 . . . . . . . 201
\Pisymbol{knot3}{73} ( ) . \Pisymbol{knot3}{105} ( ) \Pisymbol{knot4}{76} ( ) .
. . . . . . . 200 . . . . . . . 200 . . . . . . . 201

303
\Pisymbol{knot4}{77} ( M ) . \Pisymbol{knot5}{51} ( 3 ) . \Pisymbol{knot5}{80} ( P ) .

N 4 Q
. . . . . . . 201 . . . . . . . 201 . . . . . . . 201
\Pisymbol{knot4}{78} ( ) . \Pisymbol{knot5}{52} ( ) . \Pisymbol{knot5}{81} ( ) .

O 5 R
. . . . . . . 201 . . . . . . . 201 . . . . . . . 201
\Pisymbol{knot4}{79} ( ) . \Pisymbol{knot5}{53} ( ) . \Pisymbol{knot5}{82} ( ) .

P : S
. . . . . . . 201 . . . . . . . 201 . . . . . . . 201
\Pisymbol{knot4}{80} ( ) . \Pisymbol{knot5}{58} ( ) . \Pisymbol{knot5}{83} ( ) .

Q ; T
. . . . . . . 201 . . . . . . . 201 . . . . . . . 201
\Pisymbol{knot4}{81} ( ) . \Pisymbol{knot5}{59} ( ) . \Pisymbol{knot5}{84} ( ) .

R < U
. . . . . . . 201 . . . . . . . 201 . . . . . . . 201
\Pisymbol{knot4}{82} ( ) . \Pisymbol{knot5}{60} ( ) . \Pisymbol{knot5}{85} ( ) .

S = V
. . . . . . . 201 . . . . . . . 201 . . . . . . . 201
\Pisymbol{knot4}{83} ( ) . \Pisymbol{knot5}{61} ( ) . \Pisymbol{knot5}{86} ( ) .

T > W
. . . . . . . 201 . . . . . . . 201 . . . . . . . 201
\Pisymbol{knot4}{84} ( ) . \Pisymbol{knot5}{62} ( ) . \Pisymbol{knot5}{87} ( ) .

U ? X
. . . . . . . 201 . . . . . . . 201 . . . . . . . 201
\Pisymbol{knot4}{85} ( ) . \Pisymbol{knot5}{63} ( ) . \Pisymbol{knot5}{88} ( ) .

V @ `
. . . . . . . 201 . . . . . . . 201 . . . . . . . 201
\Pisymbol{knot4}{86} ( ) . \Pisymbol{knot5}{64} ( ) . \Pisymbol{knot5}{96} ( ) .

W A a
. . . . . . . 201 . . . . . . . 201 . . . . . . . 201
\Pisymbol{knot4}{87} ( ) . \Pisymbol{knot5}{65} ( ) . \Pisymbol{knot5}{97} ( ) .

X B b
. . . . . . . 201 . . . . . . . 201 . . . . . . . 201
\Pisymbol{knot4}{88} ( ) . \Pisymbol{knot5}{66} ( ) . \Pisymbol{knot5}{98} ( ) .

` C c
. . . . . . . 201 . . . . . . . 201 . . . . . . . 201
\Pisymbol{knot4}{96} ( ) . \Pisymbol{knot5}{67} ( ) . \Pisymbol{knot5}{99} ( ) .

a D d
. . . . . . . 201 . . . . . . . 201 . . . . . . . 201
\Pisymbol{knot4}{97} ( ) . \Pisymbol{knot5}{68} ( ) . \Pisymbol{knot5}{100} ( )

b E e
. . . . . . . 201 . . . . . . . 201 . . . . . . . 201
\Pisymbol{knot4}{98} ( ) . \Pisymbol{knot5}{69} ( ) . \Pisymbol{knot5}{101} ( )

c F f
. . . . . . . 201 . . . . . . . 201 . . . . . . . 201
\Pisymbol{knot4}{99} ( ) . \Pisymbol{knot5}{70} ( ) . \Pisymbol{knot5}{102} ( )

d G g
. . . . . . . 201 . . . . . . . 201 . . . . . . . 201
\Pisymbol{knot4}{100} ( ) \Pisymbol{knot5}{71} ( ) . \Pisymbol{knot5}{103} ( )

e H h
. . . . . . . 201 . . . . . . . 201 . . . . . . . 201
\Pisymbol{knot4}{101} ( ) \Pisymbol{knot5}{72} ( ) . \Pisymbol{knot5}{104} ( )

f I i
. . . . . . . 201 . . . . . . . 201 . . . . . . . 201
\Pisymbol{knot4}{102} ( ) \Pisymbol{knot5}{73} ( ) . \Pisymbol{knot5}{105} ( )

g J 0
. . . . . . . 201 . . . . . . . 201 . . . . . . . 201
\Pisymbol{knot4}{103} ( ) \Pisymbol{knot5}{74} ( ) . \Pisymbol{knot6}{48} ( ) .

h K 1
. . . . . . . 201 . . . . . . . 201 . . . . . . . 201
\Pisymbol{knot4}{104} ( ) \Pisymbol{knot5}{75} ( ) . \Pisymbol{knot6}{49} ( ) .

i L 2
. . . . . . . 201 . . . . . . . 201 . . . . . . . 201
\Pisymbol{knot4}{105} ( ) \Pisymbol{knot5}{76} ( ) . \Pisymbol{knot6}{50} ( ) .

0 M 3
. . . . . . . 201 . . . . . . . 201 . . . . . . . 201
\Pisymbol{knot5}{48} ( ) . \Pisymbol{knot5}{77} ( ) . \Pisymbol{knot6}{51} ( ) .

1 N 4
. . . . . . . 201 . . . . . . . 201 . . . . . . . 201
\Pisymbol{knot5}{49} ( ) . \Pisymbol{knot5}{78} ( ) . \Pisymbol{knot6}{52} ( ) .

2 O 5
. . . . . . . 201 . . . . . . . 201 . . . . . . . 202
\Pisymbol{knot5}{50} ( ) . \Pisymbol{knot5}{79} ( ) . \Pisymbol{knot6}{53} ( ) .
. . . . . . . 201 . . . . . . . 201 . . . . . . . 202

304
\Pisymbol{knot6}{58} ( : ) . \Pisymbol{knot6}{83} ( S ) . \Pisymbol{knot7}{61} ( = ) .

; T >
. . . . . . . 202 . . . . . . . 202 . . . . . . . 202
\Pisymbol{knot6}{59} ( ) . \Pisymbol{knot6}{84} ( ) . \Pisymbol{knot7}{62} ( ) .

< U ?
. . . . . . . 202 . . . . . . . 201 . . . . . . . 202
\Pisymbol{knot6}{60} ( ) . \Pisymbol{knot6}{85} ( ) . \Pisymbol{knot7}{63} ( ) .

= V @
. . . . . . . 202 . . . . . . . 201 . . . . . . . 202
\Pisymbol{knot6}{61} ( ) . \Pisymbol{knot6}{86} ( ) . \Pisymbol{knot7}{64} ( ) .

> W A
. . . . . . . 202 . . . . . . . 201 . . . . . . . 202
\Pisymbol{knot6}{62} ( ) . \Pisymbol{knot6}{87} ( ) . \Pisymbol{knot7}{65} ( ) .

? X B
. . . . . . . 202 . . . . . . . 201 . . . . . . . 202
\Pisymbol{knot6}{63} ( ) . \Pisymbol{knot6}{88} ( ) . \Pisymbol{knot7}{66} ( ) .

@ ` C
. . . . . . . 202 . . . . . . . 202 . . . . . . . 202
\Pisymbol{knot6}{64} ( ) . \Pisymbol{knot6}{96} ( ) . \Pisymbol{knot7}{67} ( ) .

A a D
. . . . . . . 202 . . . . . . . 202 . . . . . . . 202
\Pisymbol{knot6}{65} ( ) . \Pisymbol{knot6}{97} ( ) . \Pisymbol{knot7}{68} ( ) .

B b E
. . . . . . . 202 . . . . . . . 202 . . . . . . . 202
\Pisymbol{knot6}{66} ( ) . \Pisymbol{knot6}{98} ( ) . \Pisymbol{knot7}{69} ( ) .

C c F
. . . . . . . 202 . . . . . . . 202 . . . . . . . 202
\Pisymbol{knot6}{67} ( ) . \Pisymbol{knot6}{99} ( ) . \Pisymbol{knot7}{70} ( ) .

D d G
. . . . . . . 202 . . . . . . . 202 . . . . . . . 202
\Pisymbol{knot6}{68} ( ) . \Pisymbol{knot6}{100} ( ) \Pisymbol{knot7}{71} ( ) .

E e H
. . . . . . . 201 . . . . . . . 202 . . . . . . . 202
\Pisymbol{knot6}{69} ( ) . \Pisymbol{knot6}{101} ( ) \Pisymbol{knot7}{72} ( ) .

F f I
. . . . . . . 201 . . . . . . . 202 . . . . . . . 202
\Pisymbol{knot6}{70} ( ) . \Pisymbol{knot6}{102} ( ) \Pisymbol{knot7}{73} ( ) .

G g J
. . . . . . . 201 . . . . . . . 202 . . . . . . . 202
\Pisymbol{knot6}{71} ( ) . \Pisymbol{knot6}{103} ( ) \Pisymbol{knot7}{74} ( ) .

H h K
. . . . . . . 201 . . . . . . . 202 . . . . . . . 202
\Pisymbol{knot6}{72} ( ) . \Pisymbol{knot6}{104} ( ) \Pisymbol{knot7}{75} ( ) .

I i L
. . . . . . . 202 . . . . . . . 202 . . . . . . . 202
\Pisymbol{knot6}{73} ( ) . \Pisymbol{knot6}{105} ( ) \Pisymbol{knot7}{76} ( ) .

J 0 M
. . . . . . . 202 . . . . . . . 202 . . . . . . . 202
\Pisymbol{knot6}{74} ( ) . \Pisymbol{knot7}{48} ( ) . \Pisymbol{knot7}{77} ( ) .

K 1 N
. . . . . . . 202 . . . . . . . 202 . . . . . . . 202
\Pisymbol{knot6}{75} ( ) . \Pisymbol{knot7}{49} ( ) . \Pisymbol{knot7}{78} ( ) .

L 2 O
. . . . . . . 202 . . . . . . . 202 . . . . . . . 202
\Pisymbol{knot6}{76} ( ) . \Pisymbol{knot7}{50} ( ) . \Pisymbol{knot7}{79} ( ) .

M 3 P
. . . . . . . 202 . . . . . . . 202 . . . . . . . 202
\Pisymbol{knot6}{77} ( ) . \Pisymbol{knot7}{51} ( ) . \Pisymbol{knot7}{80} ( ) .

N 4 Q
. . . . . . . 202 . . . . . . . 202 . . . . . . . 202
\Pisymbol{knot6}{78} ( ) . \Pisymbol{knot7}{52} ( ) . \Pisymbol{knot7}{81} ( ) .

O 5 R
. . . . . . . 202 . . . . . . . 202 . . . . . . . 202
\Pisymbol{knot6}{79} ( ) . \Pisymbol{knot7}{53} ( ) . \Pisymbol{knot7}{82} ( ) .

P : S
. . . . . . . 202 . . . . . . . 202 . . . . . . . 202
\Pisymbol{knot6}{80} ( ) . \Pisymbol{knot7}{58} ( ) . \Pisymbol{knot7}{83} ( ) .

Q ; T
. . . . . . . 202 . . . . . . . 202 . . . . . . . 202
\Pisymbol{knot6}{81} ( ) . \Pisymbol{knot7}{59} ( ) . \Pisymbol{knot7}{84} ( ) .

R < U
. . . . . . . 202 . . . . . . . 202 . . . . . . . 202
\Pisymbol{knot6}{82} ( ) . \Pisymbol{knot7}{60} ( ) . \Pisymbol{knot7}{85} ( ) .
. . . . . . . 202 . . . . . . . 202 . . . . . . . 202

305
\Pisymbol{knot7}{86} ( V ) . \Pisymbol{magic}{85} (
. . . . . . . 209
U) .. \Pisymbol{nkarta}{61} (=) . .
. . . . . . . 192

W
. . . . . . . 202
\Pisymbol{magic}{87} (W) .. \Pisymbol{nkarta}{62} (>) .
\Pisymbol{knot7}{87} ( ) . . . . . . . . 192
. . . . . . . 209
\Pisymbol{magic}{88} (X)
X
. . . . . . . 202 \Pisymbol{nkarta}{63} (?) . .
..
\Pisymbol{knot7}{88} ( ) . . . . . . . . 192
. . . . . . . 209
\Pisymbol{nkarta}{64} (@) . .
\Pisymbol{magic}{90} (Z)
`
. . . . . . . 202
.. . . . . . . . 192
\Pisymbol{knot7}{96} ( ) . ....... 209 \Pisymbol{nkarta}{65} (A) .

a
. . . . . . . 202 \Pisymbol{moonphase}{0} ( ) . . . . . . . 192
. . . . . . . 193 \Pisymbol{nkarta}{66} (B) . .


\Pisymbol{knot7}{97} ( ) .
\Pisymbol{moonphase}{1} ( ) . . . . . . . 192

b
. . . . . . . 202
. . . . . . . 193 \Pisymbol{nkarta}{67} (C) .
\Pisymbol{moonphase}{2} ()
\Pisymbol{knot7}{98} ( ) . . . . . . . . 192
\Pisymbol{nkarta}{68} (D) .
c
. . . . . . . 202
. . . . . . . 193
\Pisymbol{moonphase}{3} ()
\Pisymbol{knot7}{99} ( ) . . . . . . . . 192
\Pisymbol{nkarta}{69} (E) .

d
. . . . . . . 202 . . . . . . . 193 . . . . . . . 192
\Pisymbol{knot7}{100} ( ) \Pisymbol{nkarta}{33} (!) . . \Pisymbol{nkarta}{70} (F) .
. . . . . . . 191
e
. . . . . . . 202 . . . . . . . 192
\Pisymbol{nkarta}{34} (") . . \Pisymbol{nkarta}{71} (G) . .
\Pisymbol{knot7}{101} ( )
. . . . . . . 191 . . . . . . . 192

f
. . . . . . . 202
\Pisymbol{nkarta}{35} (#) . . \Pisymbol{nkarta}{72} (H) .
\Pisymbol{knot7}{102} ( ) . . . . . . . 191 . . . . . . . 192
\Pisymbol{nkarta}{36} ($) . . \Pisymbol{nkarta}{73} (I) .
g
. . . . . . . 202
. . . . . . . 191 . . . . . . . 192
\Pisymbol{knot7}{103} ( )
\Pisymbol{nkarta}{37} (%) . . \Pisymbol{nkarta}{74} (J) .

h
. . . . . . . 202
. . . . . . . 191 . . . . . . . 192
\Pisymbol{knot7}{104} ( ) \Pisymbol{nkarta}{38} (&) . \Pisymbol{nkarta}{75} (K) 192
\Pisymbol{nkarta}{76} (L) .
i
. . . . . . . 202 . . . . . . . 191
\Pisymbol{knot7}{105} ( ) \Pisymbol{nkarta}{39} (') . . . . . . . . . 192
. . . . . . . 202 . . . . . . . 191 \Pisymbol{nkarta}{77} (M) . .
\Pisymbol{magic}{48} (0) ..
\Pisymbol{nkarta}{40} (() 191
\Pisymbol{nkarta}{41} ()) 191
. . . . . . . 192
\Pisymbol{nkarta}{78} (N) .
. . . . . . . 209
\Pisymbol{magic}{49} (1) .. \Pisymbol{nkarta}{42} (*)
. . . . . . . 191
. . . . . . . 192
\Pisymbol{nkarta}{79} (O)
. . . . . . . 209
2) \Pisymbol{nkarta}{43} (+) . . . . . . . . . 192
\Pisymbol{magic}{50} ( ..
. . . . . . . 191 \Pisymbol{nkarta}{80} (P) .
. . . . . . . 209 . . . . . . . 192
\Pisymbol{magic}{51} (3) ..
\Pisymbol{nkarta}{44} (,) .
. . . . . . . 191 \Pisymbol{nkarta}{81} (Q) .
. . . . . . . 209 \Pisymbol{nkarta}{45} (-) . . . . . . . . 192
\Pisymbol{magic}{52} (4) .. . . . . . . . 191 \Pisymbol{nkarta}{82} (R) .
. . . . . . . 192
. . . . . . . 209 \Pisymbol{nkarta}{46} (.) .
\Pisymbol{magic}{53} (5) .. . . . . . . . 191
\Pisymbol{nkarta}{83} (S) .
. . . . . . . 192
. . . . . . . 209 \Pisymbol{nkarta}{47} (/) . .
\Pisymbol{magic}{54} (6) .. . . . . . . . 191
\Pisymbol{nkarta}{84} (T) .
. . . . . . . 192
. . . . . . . 209 \Pisymbol{nkarta}{48} (0) 191
\Pisymbol{nkarta}{85} (U) .
\Pisymbol{magic}{55} (7) .. \Pisymbol{nkarta}{49} (1) 191
\Pisymbol{nkarta}{50} (2) 192
. . . . . . . 192
. . . . . . . 209 \Pisymbol{nkarta}{86} (V) . .
\Pisymbol{magic}{56} (8) .. \Pisymbol{nkarta}{51} (3) 192
\Pisymbol{nkarta}{52} (4) 192
. . . . . . . 192
. . . . . . . 209 \Pisymbol{nkarta}{87} (W) .
\Pisymbol{magic}{57} (9) ..
\Pisymbol{nkarta}{53} (5) 192
\Pisymbol{nkarta}{54} (6) 192
. . . . . . . 192
. . . . . . . 209 \Pisymbol{nkarta}{88} (X) .
\Pisymbol{magic}{66} (B) ..
\Pisymbol{nkarta}{55} (7) 192
\Pisymbol{nkarta}{56} (8) 192
. . . . . . . 192
\Pisymbol{nkarta}{89} (Y) .
. . . . . . . 209
\Pisymbol{nkarta}{57} (9) 192
\Pisymbol{magic}{71} (G) .. \Pisymbol{nkarta}{58} (:) . .
. . . . . . . 192
\Pisymbol{nkarta}{90} (Z) 192
. . . . . . . 209
R)
. . . . . . . 192
\Pisymbol{nkarta}{91} ([) . .
\Pisymbol{magic}{82} ( .. \Pisymbol{nkarta}{59} (;) . . . . . . . . . 192
. . . . . . . 209 . . . . . . . 192
\Pisymbol{magic}{84} (T) .. \Pisymbol{nkarta}{60} (<) . \Pisymbol{nkarta}{92} (\)
. . . . . . . 209 . . . . . . . 192 . . . . . . . 192

306
 \Pisymbol{nkarta}{124} (|)
\Pisymbol{nkarta}{93} (]) 192
. . . . . . . 192
\Pisymbol{nkarta}{94} (^) \Pisymbol{nkarta}{125} (})
. . . . . . . 192 . . . . . . . 192
\Pisymbol{nkarta}{95} (_) . \Pisymbol{nkarta}{126} (~) .
. . . . . . . 192 . . . . . . . 192
\Pisymbol{nkarta}{96} (`) . . \Pisymbol{nkarta}{161} ()
. . . . . . . 191 . . . . . . . 192
\Pisymbol{nkarta}{97} (a) . \Pisymbol{nkarta}{162} () .
. . . . . . . 191 . . . . . . . 192
\Pisymbol{nkarta}{98} (b) . . \Pisymbol{nkarta}{163} () .
. . . . . . . 191 . . . . . . . 192
\Pisymbol{nkarta}{99} (c) . \Pisymbol{nkarta}{164}
. . . . . . . 191 () . . . . . . . . 192
\Pisymbol{nkarta}{100} (d) \Pisymbol{nkarta}{165}
. . . . . . . 191 () . . . . . . . . . . 192
\Pisymbol{nkarta}{101} (e) . \Pisymbol{nkarta}{166}
. . . . . . . 191 () . . . . . . . . . . 192
\Pisymbol{nkarta}{102} (f) . \Pisymbol{nkarta}{167} ()
. . . . . . . 191 . . . . . . . 192
\Pisymbol{nkarta}{103} (g) . \Pisymbol{nkarta}{168} () .
. . . . . . . 191 . . . . . . . 192
\Pisymbol{nkarta}{104} (h) . \Pisymbol{nkarta}{169} () .
. . . . . . . 191 . . . . . . . 192
\Pisymbol{nkarta}{105} (i) \Pisymbol{nkarta}{170} () .
. . . . . . . 191 . . . . . . . 192
\Pisymbol{nkarta}{106} (j) . \Pisymbol{nkarta}{171} () .
. . . . . . . 191 . . . . . . . 192
\Pisymbol{nkarta}{107} (k) . \Pisymbol{nkarta}{172} ()
. . . . . . . 191 . . . . . . . 192
\Pisymbol{nkarta}{108} (l) \Pisymbol{nkarta}{173} () .
. . . . . . . 191 . . . . . . . 192
\Pisymbol{nkarta}{109} (m) . \Pisymbol{nkarta}{174} () .
. . . . . . . 191 . . . . . . . 192
\Pisymbol{nkarta}{110} (n) \Pisymbol{nkarta}{175} ()
. . . . . . . 191 . . . . . . . 192
\Pisymbol{nkarta}{111} (o) \Pisymbol{nkarta}{176} () .
. . . . . . . 191 . . . . . . . 192
\Pisymbol{nkarta}{112} (p) \Pisymbol{nkarta}{177} () .
. . . . . . . 191 . . . . . . . 192
\Pisymbol{nkarta}{113} (q) \Pisymbol{nkarta}{178} () .
. . . . . . . 192 . . . . . . . 192
\Pisymbol{nkarta}{114} (r) . \Pisymbol{nkarta}{179} () .
. . . . . . . 192 . . . . . . . 192
\Pisymbol{nkarta}{115} (s) \Pisymbol{nkarta}{180} () .
. . . . . . . 192 . . . . . . . 192
\Pisymbol{nkarta}{116} (t) . \Pisymbol{nkarta}{181} () .
. . . . . . . 192 . . . . . . . 192
\Pisymbol{nkarta}{117} (u) \Pisymbol{nkarta}{182} ()
. . . . . . . 192 . . . . . . . 192
\Pisymbol{nkarta}{118} (v) \Pisymbol{nkarta}{183} () .
. . . . . . . 192 . . . . . . . 192
\Pisymbol{nkarta}{119} (w) \Pisymbol{nkarta}{184} ()
. . . . . . . 192 . . . . . . . 192
\Pisymbol{nkarta}{120} (x) . \Pisymbol{nkarta}{185} ()
. . . . . . . 192 . . . . . . . 192
\Pisymbol{nkarta}{121} (y) . \Pisymbol{nkarta}{186} () .
. . . . . . . 192 . . . . . . . 192
\Pisymbol{nkarta}{122} (z) . \Pisymbol{nkarta}{187} ()
. . . . . . . 192 . . . . . . . 192
\Pisymbol{nkarta}{123} \Pisymbol{nkarta}{188} () .
({) . . . . . . . . . . 192 . . . . . . . 192
307
\Pisymbol{nkarta}{189} () .
. . . . . . . 192
\Pisymbol{nkarta}{190} () .
. . . . . . . 192
\Pisymbol{nkarta}{191} ()
. . . . . . . 192
\Pisymbol{nkarta}{192} () .
. . . . . . . 192
\Pisymbol{nkarta}{193} () .
. . . . . . . 191
\Pisymbol{nkarta}{194} ()
. . . . . . . 191
\Pisymbol{nkarta}{195} () .
. . . . . . . 191
\Pisymbol{nkarta}{196} ()
. . . . . . . 191
\Pisymbol{nkarta}{197} () .
. . . . . . . 191
\Pisymbol{nkarta}{198} ()
. . . . . . . 191
\Pisymbol{nkarta}{199} ()
. . . . . . . 191
\Pisymbol{nkarta}{200} ()
. . . . . . . 191
\Pisymbol{nkarta}{201} () .
. . . . . . . 191
\Pisymbol{nkarta}{202} ()
. . . . . . . 191
\Pisymbol{nkarta}{203} ()
. . . . . . . 191
\Pisymbol{nkarta}{204} ()
. . . . . . . 191
\Pisymbol{nkarta}{205} ()
. . . . . . . 191
\Pisymbol{nkarta}{206} () .
. . . . . . . 191
\Pisymbol{nkarta}{207} () .
. . . . . . . 191
\Pisymbol{nkarta}{208} ()
. . . . . . . 191
\Pisymbol{nkarta}{209} ()
. . . . . . . 191
\Pisymbol{nkarta}{210} ()
. . . . . . . 192
\Pisymbol{nkarta}{211} ()
. . . . . . . 192
\Pisymbol{nkarta}{212} ()
. . . . . . . 192
\Pisymbol{nkarta}{213} ()
. . . . . . . 192
\Pisymbol{nkarta}{214} () .
. . . . . . . 192
\Pisymbol{nkarta}{215} () .
. . . . . . . 192
\Pisymbol{nkarta}{216} ()
. . . . . . . 192
\Pisymbol{nkarta}{217} ()
. . . . . . . 192
\Pisymbol{nkarta}{218} () .
. . . . . . . 192
\Pisymbol{nkarta}{219} ()
. . . . . . . 192
\Pisymbol{nkarta}{220} () \Pisymbol{nkarta}{251} () \Pisymbol{smfpr10}{77} (M)
. . . . . . . 192 . . . . . . . 192 . . . . . . . 206
\Pisymbol{nkarta}{221} () \Pisymbol{nkarta}{252} () \Pisymbol{smfpr10}{78} (N)
. . . . . . . 192 . . . . . . . 192 . . . . . . . 206
\Pisymbol{nkarta}{222} () \Pisymbol{nkarta}{253} () \Pisymbol{smfpr10}{79} (O) .
. . . . . . . 192 . . . . . . . 192 . . . . . . . 206
\Pisymbol{nkarta}{223} () \Pisymbol{nkarta}{254} () \Pisymbol{smfpr10}{80} (P) .
. . . . . . . 192 . . . . . . . 192 . . . . . . . 206
\Pisymbol{nkarta}{224} () \Pisymbol{smfpr10}{34} () . . \Pisymbol{smfpr10}{81} (Q)
. . . . . . . 192 . . . . . . . 205 . . . . . . . 206
\Pisymbol{nkarta}{225} () . \Pisymbol{smfpr10}{35} (#) \Pisymbol{smfpr10}{82} (R)
. . . . . . . 192 . . . . . . . 205 . . . . . . . 206
\Pisymbol{nkarta}{226} () . \Pisymbol{smfpr10}{36} ($)
\Pisymbol{smfpr10}{83} (S)
. . . . . . . 192 . . . . . . . 206
. . . . . . . 205
\Pisymbol{nkarta}{227} () . \Pisymbol{smfpr10}{42} (*)
\Pisymbol{smfpr10}{84} (T) .
. . . . . . . 192 . . . . . . . 206
. . . . . . . 205
\Pisymbol{nkarta}{228} () . \Pisymbol{smfpr10}{46} (.)
\Pisymbol{smfpr10}{85} (U)
. . . . . . . 192 . . . . . . . 206
. . . . . . . 205
\Pisymbol{nkarta}{229} () . \Pisymbol{smfpr10}{48} \Pisymbol{smfpr10}{86} (V) .
. . . . . . . 192 ($0#) . . . . . . . . . 205 . . . . . . . 206
\Pisymbol{nkarta}{230} () . \Pisymbol{smfpr10}{49} \Pisymbol{smfpr10}{87} (W) .
. . . . . . . 192 ($1#) . . . . . . . . . 205 . . . . . . . 206
\Pisymbol{nkarta}{231} () \Pisymbol{smfpr10}{50} \Pisymbol{smfpr10}{88} (X) .
. . . . . . . 192 ($2#) . . . . . . . . . 205 . . . . . . . 206
\Pisymbol{nkarta}{232} () \Pisymbol{smfpr10}{51} \Pisymbol{smfpr10}{89} (Y)
. . . . . . . 192 ($3#) . . . . . . . . . 205 . . . . . . . 206
\Pisymbol{nkarta}{233} () . \Pisymbol{smfpr10}{52} \Pisymbol{smfpr10}{90} (Z) .
. . . . . . . 192 ($4#) . . . . . . . . . . 205 . . . . . . . 206
\Pisymbol{nkarta}{234} () . \Pisymbol{smfpr10}{53} \Pisymbol{smfpr10}{97} (a) .
. . . . . . . 192 ($5#) . . . . . . . . . 205 . . . . . . . 206
\Pisymbol{nkarta}{235} () . \Pisymbol{smfpr10}{54} \Pisymbol{smfpr10}{98} (b) .
. . . . . . . 192 ($6#) . . . . . . . . . 205 . . . . . . . 206
\Pisymbol{nkarta}{236} () . \Pisymbol{smfpr10}{55} \Pisymbol{smfpr10}{99} (c) .
. . . . . . . 192 ($7#) . . . . . . . . . 205 . . . . . . . 206
\Pisymbol{nkarta}{237} () . \Pisymbol{smfpr10}{56} \Pisymbol{smfpr10}{100} (d)
. . . . . . . 192 ($8#) . . . . . . . . . 205 . . . . . . . 206
\Pisymbol{nkarta}{238} () . \Pisymbol{smfpr10}{57} \Pisymbol{smfpr10}{101} (e)
. . . . . . . 192 ($9#) . . . . . . . . . 205 . . . . . . . 206
\Pisymbol{nkarta}{239} () . \Pisymbol{smfpr10}{65} (A) . \Pisymbol{smfpr10}{102} (f)
. . . . . . . 192 . . . . . . . 206 . . . . . . . 206
\Pisymbol{nkarta}{240} () \Pisymbol{smfpr10}{66} (B) . \Pisymbol{smfpr10}{103} (g)
. . . . . . . 192 . . . . . . . 206 . . . . . . . 206
\Pisymbol{nkarta}{241} () \Pisymbol{smfpr10}{67} (C) . \Pisymbol{smfpr10}{104} (h)
. . . . . . . 192 . . . . . . . 206 . . . . . . . 206
\Pisymbol{nkarta}{242} () . \Pisymbol{smfpr10}{68} (D) . \Pisymbol{smfpr10}{105} (i)
. . . . . . . 192 . . . . . . . 206 . . . . . . . 206
\Pisymbol{nkarta}{243} () \Pisymbol{smfpr10}{69} (E) . \Pisymbol{smfpr10}{106} (j)
. . . . . . . 192 . . . . . . . 206 . . . . . . . 206
\Pisymbol{nkarta}{244} () . \Pisymbol{smfpr10}{70} (F) . \Pisymbol{smfpr10}{107} (k)
. . . . . . . 192 . . . . . . . 206 . . . . . . . 206
\Pisymbol{nkarta}{245} () . \Pisymbol{smfpr10}{71} (G) . \Pisymbol{smfpr10}{108} (l)
. . . . . . . 192 . . . . . . . 206 . . . . . . . 206
\Pisymbol{nkarta}{246} () \Pisymbol{smfpr10}{72} (H) . \Pisymbol{smfpr10}{109} (m)
. . . . . . . 192 . . . . . . . 206 . . . . . . . 206
\Pisymbol{nkarta}{247} () . \Pisymbol{smfpr10}{73} (I) . \Pisymbol{smfpr10}{110} (n)
. . . . . . . 192 . . . . . . . 206 . . . . . . . 206
\Pisymbol{nkarta}{248} () \Pisymbol{smfpr10}{74} (J) \Pisymbol{smfpr10}{111} (o)
. . . . . . . 192 . . . . . . . 206 . . . . . . . 206
\Pisymbol{nkarta}{249} () \Pisymbol{smfpr10}{75} (K) . \Pisymbol{smfpr10}{112} (p)
. . . . . . . 192 . . . . . . . 206 . . . . . . . 206
\Pisymbol{nkarta}{250} () \Pisymbol{smfpr10}{76} (L) \Pisymbol{smfpr10}{113} (q)
. . . . . . . 192 . . . . . . . 206 . . . . . . . 206

308
\Pisymbol{smfpr10}{114} (r) \Pisymbol{smfpr10}{150} () \Pisymbol{smfpr10}{184} ()
. . . . . . . 206 . . . . . . . 206 . . . . . . . 205
\Pisymbol{smfpr10}{115} (s) \Pisymbol{smfpr10}{151} () \Pisymbol{smfpr10}{185} ()
. . . . . . . 206 . . . . . . . 206 . . . . . . . 205
\Pisymbol{smfpr10}{116} (t) \Pisymbol{smfpr10}{152} () \Pisymbol{smfpr10}{186} ()
. . . . . . . 205 . . . . . . . 206 . . . . . . . 205
\Pisymbol{smfpr10}{117} (u) \Pisymbol{smfpr10}{153} () \Pisymbol{smfpr10}{187} ()
. . . . . . . 205 . . . . . . . 206 . . . . . . . 205
\Pisymbol{smfpr10}{118} (v) \Pisymbol{smfpr10}{154} () \Pisymbol{smfpr10}{192} ()
. . . . . . . 205 . . . . . . . 206 . . . . . . . 205
\Pisymbol{smfpr10}{119} (w) \Pisymbol{smfpr10}{155} () \Pisymbol{smfpr10}{193} ()
. . . . . . . 205 . . . . . . . 206 . . . . . . . 205
\Pisymbol{smfpr10}{120} (x) \Pisymbol{smfpr10}{157} () \Pisymbol{smfpr10}{194} ()
. . . . . . . 205 . . . . . . . 206 . . . . . . . 205
\Pisymbol{smfpr10}{121} (y) \Pisymbol{smfpr10}{158} () \Pisymbol{smfpr10}{195} ()
. . . . . . . 205 . . . . . . . 206 . . . . . . . 205
\Pisymbol{smfpr10}{122} (z) \Pisymbol{smfpr10}{160} () \Pisymbol{smfpr10}{196} ()
. . . . . . . 205 . . . . . . . 206 . . . . . . . 205
\Pisymbol{smfpr10}{126} () \Pisymbol{smfpr10}{161} () \Pisymbol{smfpr10}{197} ()
. . . . . . . 205 . . . . . . . 206 . . . . . . . 205
\Pisymbol{smfpr10}{128} () \Pisymbol{smfpr10}{162} () \Pisymbol{smfpr10}{199} ()
. . . . . . . 205 . . . . . . . 206 . . . . . . . 205
\Pisymbol{smfpr10}{129} () \Pisymbol{smfpr10}{163} () \Pisymbol{smfpr10}{200} ()
. . . . . . . 205 . . . . . . . 206 . . . . . . . 205
\Pisymbol{smfpr10}{130} () \Pisymbol{smfpr10}{164} () \Pisymbol{smfpr10}{201} ()
. . . . . . . 205 . . . . . . . 206 . . . . . . . 205
\Pisymbol{smfpr10}{131} () \Pisymbol{smfpr10}{165} () \Pisymbol{smfpr10}{202} ()
. . . . . . . 205 . . . . . . . 206 . . . . . . . 205
\Pisymbol{smfpr10}{132} () \Pisymbol{smfpr10}{166} () \Pisymbol{smfpr10}{203} ()
. . . . . . . 205 . . . . . . . 206 . . . . . . . 205
\Pisymbol{smfpr10}{133} () \Pisymbol{smfpr10}{167} () \Pisymbol{smfpr10}{204} ()
. . . . . . . 205 . . . . . . . 206 . . . . . . . 206
\Pisymbol{smfpr10}{134} () \Pisymbol{smfpr10}{168} () \Pisymbol{smfpr10}{205} ()
. . . . . . . 205 . . . . . . . 206 . . . . . . . 206
\Pisymbol{smfpr10}{135} () \Pisymbol{smfpr10}{169} () \Pisymbol{smfpr10}{206} ()
. . . . . . . 206 . . . . . . . 206 . . . . . . . 206
\Pisymbol{smfpr10}{136} () \Pisymbol{smfpr10}{170} () \Pisymbol{smfpr10}{207} ()
. . . . . . . 206 . . . . . . . 206 . . . . . . . 206
\Pisymbol{smfpr10}{137} () \Pisymbol{smfpr10}{171} () \Pisymbol{smfpr10}{209} ()
. . . . . . . 206 . . . . . . . 206 . . . . . . . 206
\Pisymbol{smfpr10}{138} () \Pisymbol{smfpr10}{172} () \Pisymbol{smfpr10}{210} ()
. . . . . . . 206 . . . . . . . 206 . . . . . . . 206
\Pisymbol{smfpr10}{139} () \Pisymbol{smfpr10}{174} () \Pisymbol{smfpr10}{211} ()
. . . . . . . 206 . . . . . . . 206 . . . . . . . 206
\Pisymbol{smfpr10}{140} () \Pisymbol{smfpr10}{175} () \Pisymbol{smfpr10}{212} ()
. . . . . . . 206 . . . . . . . 206 . . . . . . . 206
\Pisymbol{smfpr10}{142} () \Pisymbol{smfpr10}{176} () \Pisymbol{smfpr10}{213} ()
. . . . . . . 206 . . . . . . . 206 . . . . . . . 206
\Pisymbol{smfpr10}{143} () \Pisymbol{smfpr10}{177} () \Pisymbol{smfpr10}{214} ()
. . . . . . . 206 . . . . . . . 206 . . . . . . . 206
\Pisymbol{smfpr10}{144} () \Pisymbol{smfpr10}{178} () \Pisymbol{smfpr10}{216} ()
. . . . . . . 206 . . . . . . . 206 . . . . . . . 206
\Pisymbol{smfpr10}{145} () \Pisymbol{smfpr10}{179} () \Pisymbol{smfpr10}{217} ()
. . . . . . . 206 . . . . . . . 206 . . . . . . . 206
\Pisymbol{smfpr10}{146} () \Pisymbol{smfpr10}{180} () \Pisymbol{smfpr10}{218} ()
. . . . . . . 206 . . . . . . . 206 . . . . . . . 206
\Pisymbol{smfpr10}{147} () \Pisymbol{smfpr10}{181} () \Pisymbol{smfpr10}{219} ()
. . . . . . . 206 . . . . . . . 206 . . . . . . . 206
\Pisymbol{smfpr10}{148} () \Pisymbol{smfpr10}{182} () \Pisymbol{smfpr10}{220} ()
. . . . . . . 206 . . . . . . . 206 . . . . . . . 206
\Pisymbol{smfpr10}{149} () \Pisymbol{smfpr10}{183} () \Pisymbol{smfpr10}{221} ()
. . . . . . . 206 . . . . . . . 206 . . . . . . . 206

309
\Pisymbol{smfpr10}{224} ()
. . . . . . . 206
\Pisymbol{smfpr10}{225} ()
. . . . . . . 206
\Pisymbol{smfpr10}{226} ()
. . . . . . . 206
\Pisymbol{smfpr10}{227} ()
. . . . . . . 206
\Pisymbol{smfpr10}{228} ()
. . . . . . . 206
\Pisymbol{smfpr10}{229} ()
. . . . . . . 206
\Pisymbol{smfpr10}{231} ()
. . . . . . . 206
\Pisymbol{smfpr10}{232} ()
) \Pisymbol{umranda}{38} (
. . . . . . . 206
\Pisymbol{smfpr10}{233} ()
. . . . . . . 206
\Pisymbol{umranda}{4} ( ) . \Pisymbol{umranda}{32} ( )
. . . . . . . 197 . . . . . . . 197
\Pisymbol{umranda}{5} () . \Pisymbol{umranda}{33} (!)
. . . . . . . 197 . . . . . . . 197
\Pisymbol{umranda}{6} () . \Pisymbol{umranda}{34} (")
. . . . . . . 197
. . . . . . . 197
\Pisymbol{umranda}{7} () . (#)
\Pisymbol{umranda}{35}
. . . . . . . 197 . . . . . . . 197
($)
\Pisymbol{umranda}{8} () . \Pisymbol{umranda}{36}
. . . . . . . 197 . . . . . . . 197
\Pisymbol{umranda}{9} ( ) . \Pisymbol{umranda}{37} ( %)
. . . . . . . 197 . . . . . . . 197
\Pisymbol{umranda}{10} (
&)
. . . . . . . 197 . . . . . . . 197
\Pisymbol{umranda}{11} () ')
\Pisymbol{umranda}{39} (
. . . . . . . 197 . . . . . . . 197
\Pisymbol{smfpr10}{234} () \Pisymbol{umranda}{12} () \Pisymbol{umranda}{40} ( ()
. . . . . . . 206 . . . . . . . 197 . . . . . . . 197
\Pisymbol{smfpr10}{235} () \Pisymbol{umranda}{13} (
) \Pisymbol{umranda}{41} ( ))
. . . . . . . 206 . . . . . . . 197
\Pisymbol{umranda}{14} ()
. . . . . . . 197
\Pisymbol{smfpr10}{236} ()
. . . . . . . 206
. . . . . . . 197
\Pisymbol{umranda}{42} ( *)
. . . . . . . 197
\Pisymbol{umranda}{15} ()
\Pisymbol{smfpr10}{237} ()
. . . . . . . 206
\Pisymbol{smfpr10}{238} () . . . . . . . 197
\Pisymbol{umranda}{43} ( +)
\Pisymbol{umranda}{16} ()
. . . . . . . 197
. . . . . . . 206
\Pisymbol{smfpr10}{239} () . . . . . . . 197
\Pisymbol{umranda}{44} ( ,)
\Pisymbol{umranda}{17} ()
. . . . . . . 197
. . . . . . . 206
\Pisymbol{smfpr10}{241} () . . . . . . . 197 \Pisymbol{umranda}{45} ( -)
\Pisymbol{umranda}{18} ()
. . . . . . . 206 . . . . . . . 197
\Pisymbol{smfpr10}{242} ()
. . . . . . . 197 \Pisymbol{umranda}{46} ( .)
\Pisymbol{umranda}{19} ()
. . . . . . . 206 . . . . . . . 197
\Pisymbol{smfpr10}{243} ()
. . . . . . . 206 . . . . . . . 197 \Pisymbol{umranda}{47} ( /)
\Pisymbol{umranda}{20} () . . . . . . . 197
0)
\Pisymbol{smfpr10}{244} ()
. . . . . . . 206 . . . . . . . 197 \Pisymbol{umranda}{48} (
\Pisymbol{umranda}{21} ()
\Pisymbol{smfpr10}{245} () . . . . . . . 197
. . . . . . . 206 . . . . . . . 197 \Pisymbol{umranda}{49} ( 1)
\Pisymbol{umranda}{22} ()
\Pisymbol{smfpr10}{246} () . . . . . . . 197
. . . . . . . 206
. . . . . . . 197 \Pisymbol{umranda}{50} ( 2)
\Pisymbol{umranda}{23} ()
\Pisymbol{smfpr10}{248} ()
. . . . . . . 197
. . . . . . . 206
\Pisymbol{smfpr10}{249} () . . . . . . . 197 \Pisymbol{umranda}{51} ( ) 3
. . . . . . . 206 \Pisymbol{umranda}{24} () . . . . . . . 197
\Pisymbol{smfpr10}{250} () . . . . . . . 197 \Pisymbol{umranda}{52} ( ) 4
. . . . . . . 206 \Pisymbol{umranda}{25} () . . . . . . . 197
\Pisymbol{smfpr10}{251} ()
5
. . . . . . . 197 \Pisymbol{umranda}{53}
\Pisymbol{umranda}{26} ()
. . . . . . . 206 ( ) . . . . . . . . . 197
\Pisymbol{smfpr10}{252} () \Pisymbol{umranda}{54}
. . . . . . . 197
\Pisymbol{umranda}{27} () 6)
. . . . . . . 206
\Pisymbol{smfpr10}{253} () ( .......... 197
. . . . . . . 197
7)
. . . . . . . 206
\Pisymbol{umranda}{0} ( ) . \Pisymbol{umranda}{28} () \Pisymbol{umranda}{55} (
. . . . . . . 197 . . . . . . . 197 . . . . . . . 197

) \Pisymbol{umranda}{29} ()
\Pisymbol{umranda}{56}
\Pisymbol{umranda}{1} ( .
. . . . . . . 197 . . . . . . . 197 ( 8 ) . . . . . . . . . . 197
\Pisymbol{umranda}{2} () . \Pisymbol{umranda}{30} () \Pisymbol{umranda}{57} ( ) 9
. . . . . . . 197 . . . . . . . 197 . . . . . . . 197
\Pisymbol{umranda}{3} () . \Pisymbol{umranda}{31} () \Pisymbol{umranda}{58} ( ) :
....... 197 ....... 197 . . . . . . . 197

310
\Pisymbol{umranda}{59} (;) \Pisymbol{umrandb}{11} ()
V
\Pisymbol{umranda}{86}
. . . . . . . 197 ( ) ......... 197 . . . . . . . 198
\Pisymbol{umranda}{60} (<)
. . . . . . . 197
\Pisymbol{umranda}{61} (=)
)
. . . . . . . 197
\Pisymbol{umranda}{62} (>)
. . . . . . . 197
\Pisymbol{umranda}{63} (?)
. . . . . . . 197
\Pisymbol{umranda}{64} (@)
. . . . . . . 197
A
\Pisymbol{umranda}{65}
( ) ......... 197
B
\Pisymbol{umranda}{66}
( ) ......... 197
\Pisymbol{umranda}{67} ( C)
. . . . . . . 197
\Pisymbol{umranda}{68} ( ) D . . . . . . . 197
. . . . . . . 197
E
\Pisymbol{umranda}{69}
( ) . . . . . . . . . 197
F
\Pisymbol{umranda}{70}
( ) . . . . . . . . . 197
\Pisymbol{umranda}{71} ( G)
. . . . . . . 197
H
\Pisymbol{umranda}{72} ( )
. . . . . . . 197
I
\Pisymbol{umranda}{73}
( ) . . . . . . . . . 197
\Pisymbol{umranda}{74} (J)
. . . . . . . 197
\Pisymbol{umranda}{75} (K)
. . . . . . . 197
\Pisymbol{umranda}{76} (L)
. . . . . . . 197
\Pisymbol{umranda}{77} (M)
. . . . . . . 197
\Pisymbol{umranda}{78} (N)
. . . . . . . 197
\Pisymbol{umranda}{79} (O)
. . . . . . . 197
\Pisymbol{umranda}{80} (P)
. . . . . . . 197
\Pisymbol{umranda}{81} (Q)
. . . . . . . 197
\Pisymbol{umranda}{82} (R)
. . . . . . . 197
\Pisymbol{umranda}{83} (S)
. . . . . . . 197
\Pisymbol{umranda}{84} (T)
. . . . . . . 197
\Pisymbol{umranda}{85} (U)
) \Pisymbol{umrandb}{38} (&)
....... 197
W
\Pisymbol{umranda}{87}
( ) ......... 197
\Pisymbol{umranda}{88} ( X)
. . . . . . . 197
Y . . . . . . . 198
\Pisymbol{umranda}{89} ( )
. . . . . . . 197
Z
\Pisymbol{umranda}{90}
( ) . . . . . . . . . 197
[
\Pisymbol{umranda}{91}
( ) . . . . . . . . . 197
\)
\Pisymbol{umranda}{92} (
. . . . . . . 197
\Pisymbol{umranda}{93} (])
. . . . . . . 197
\Pisymbol{umranda}{94} (^)
\Pisymbol{umranda}{95} (_)
. . . . . . . 197
\Pisymbol{umranda}{96} (`)
. . . . . . . 197
\Pisymbol{umranda}{97} (a)
. . . . . . . 197
\Pisymbol{umranda}{98} (b)
. . . . . . . 197
\Pisymbol{umranda}{99} (c)
. . . . . . . 197
\Pisymbol{umranda}{100} (d)
. . . . . . . 197
\Pisymbol{umranda}{101} (e)
....... 197
\Pisymbol{umrandb}{0} ( ) .
. . . . . . . 198
\Pisymbol{umrandb}{1} (
) .
. . . . . . . 198
\Pisymbol{umrandb}{2} () .
. . . . . . . 198
\Pisymbol{umrandb}{3} () .
. . . . . . . 198
\Pisymbol{umrandb}{4} () .
. . . . . . . 198
\Pisymbol{umrandb}{5} () .
. . . . . . . 198
\Pisymbol{umrandb}{6} () .
. . . . . . . 198
\Pisymbol{umrandb}{7} () .
. . . . . . . 198
\Pisymbol{umrandb}{8} () .
. . . . . . . 198
\Pisymbol{umrandb}{9} ( ) .
. . . . . . . 198
\Pisymbol{umrandb}{10} (
....... 198
311
\Pisymbol{umrandb}{12} ()
. . . . . . . 198
\Pisymbol{umrandb}{13} (
. . . . . . . 198
\Pisymbol{umrandb}{14} ()
\Pisymbol{umrandb}{15} ()
. . . . . . . 198
\Pisymbol{umrandb}{16} ()
. . . . . . . 198
\Pisymbol{umrandb}{17} ()
. . . . . . . 198
\Pisymbol{umrandb}{18} ()
. . . . . . . 198
\Pisymbol{umrandb}{19} ()
. . . . . . . 198
\Pisymbol{umrandb}{20} ()
. . . . . . . 198
\Pisymbol{umrandb}{21} ()
. . . . . . . 198
\Pisymbol{umrandb}{22} ()
. . . . . . . 198
\Pisymbol{umrandb}{23} ()
. . . . . . . 198
\Pisymbol{umrandb}{24} ()
. . . . . . . 198
\Pisymbol{umrandb}{25} ()
. . . . . . . 198
\Pisymbol{umrandb}{26} ()
. . . . . . . 198
\Pisymbol{umrandb}{27} ()
. . . . . . . 198
\Pisymbol{umrandb}{28} ()
. . . . . . . 198
\Pisymbol{umrandb}{29} ()
. . . . . . . 198
\Pisymbol{umrandb}{30} ()
. . . . . . . 198
\Pisymbol{umrandb}{31} ()
....... 198
\Pisymbol{umrandb}{32} ( )
. . . . . . . 198
\Pisymbol{umrandb}{33} (!)
. . . . . . . 198
\Pisymbol{umrandb}{34} (")
. . . . . . . 198
\Pisymbol{umrandb}{35} (#)
. . . . . . . 198
\Pisymbol{umrandb}{36} ($)
. . . . . . . 198
\Pisymbol{umrandb}{37} (%)
. . . . . . . 198
....... 198
\Pisymbol{umrandb}{39} (') \Pisymbol{umrandb}{67} (C) \Pisymbol{umrandb}{95} (_)
. . . . . . . 198 . . . . . . . 198 . . . . . . . 198
\Pisymbol{umrandb}{40} (() \Pisymbol{umrandb}{68} (D) \Pisymbol{umrandb}{96} (`)
. . . . . . . 198 . . . . . . . 198 . . . . . . . 198
\Pisymbol{umrandb}{41} ()) \Pisymbol{umrandb}{69} (E) \Pisymbol{umrandb}{97} (a)
. . . . . . . 198 . . . . . . . 198 . . . . . . . 198
\Pisymbol{umrandb}{42} (*) \Pisymbol{umrandb}{70} (F) \Pisymbol{umrandb}{98} (b)
. . . . . . . 198 . . . . . . . 198 . . . . . . . 198
\Pisymbol{umrandb}{43} (+) \Pisymbol{umrandb}{71} (G) \Pisymbol{umrandb}{99} (c)
. . . . . . . 198 . . . . . . . 198 . . . . . . . 198
\Pisymbol{umrandb}{44} (,) \Pisymbol{umrandb}{72} (H) \Pisymbol{umrandb}{100} (d)
. . . . . . . 198 . . . . . . . 198 . . . . . . . 198
\Pisymbol{umrandb}{45} (-) \Pisymbol{umrandb}{73} (I) \Pisymbol{umrandb}{101} (e)
. . . . . . . 198 . . . . . . . 198 . . . . . . . 198
\Pisymbol{umrandb}{46} (.) \Pisymbol{umrandb}{74} (J) \Pisymbol{umrandb}{102} (f)
. . . . . . . 198 . . . . . . . 198 . . . . . . . 198
\Pisymbol{umrandb}{47} (/) \Pisymbol{umrandb}{75} (K) \Pisymbol{umrandb}{103} (g)
. . . . . . . 198 . . . . . . . 198 . . . . . . . 198
\Pisymbol{umrandb}{48} (0) \Pisymbol{umrandb}{76} (L) \Pisymbol{umrandb}{104} (h)
. . . . . . . 198 . . . . . . . 198 . . . . . . . 198
\Pisymbol{umrandb}{49} (1) \Pisymbol{umrandb}{77} (M) \Pisymbol{umrandb}{105} (i)
. . . . . . . 198 . . . . . . . 198 . . . . . . . 198
\Pisymbol{umrandb}{50} (2) \Pisymbol{umrandb}{78} (N) \Pisymbol{umrandb}{106} (j)
. . . . . . . 198 . . . . . . . 198 . . . . . . . 198
\Pisymbol{umrandb}{51} (3) \Pisymbol{umrandb}{79} (O) \Pisymbol{umrandb}{107} (k)
. . . . . . . 198 . . . . . . . 198 . . . . . . . 198
\Pisymbol{umrandb}{52} (4) \Pisymbol{umrandb}{80} (P) \Pisymbol{umrandb}{108} (l)
. . . . . . . 198 . . . . . . . 198 . . . . . . . 198
\Pisymbol{umrandb}{53} (5) \Pisymbol{umrandb}{81} (Q) \Pisymbol{umrandb}{109} (m)
. . . . . . . 198 . . . . . . . 198 . . . . . . . 198
\Pisymbol{umrandb}{54} (6) \Pisymbol{umrandb}{82} (R) \Pisymbol{umrandb}{110} (n)
. . . . . . . 198 . . . . . . . 198 . . . . . . . 198
\Pisymbol{umrandb}{55} (7) \Pisymbol{umrandb}{83} (S) \Pisymbol{umrandb}{111} (o)
. . . . . . . 198 . . . . . . . 198 . . . . . . . 198
\Pisymbol{umrandb}{56} (8) \Pisymbol{umrandb}{84} (T) \Pisymbol{umrandb}{112} (p)
. . . . . . . 198 . . . . . . . 198 . . . . . . . 198
\Pisymbol{umrandb}{57} (9) \Pisymbol{umrandb}{85} (U) \Pisymbol{umrandb}{113} (q)
. . . . . . . 198 . . . . . . . 198 . . . . . . . 198
\Pisymbol{umrandb}{58} (:) \Pisymbol{umrandb}{86} (V) \Pisymbol{umrandb}{114} (r)
. . . . . . . 198 . . . . . . . 198 . . . . . . . 198
\Pisymbol{umrandb}{59} (;) \Pisymbol{umrandb}{87} (W) \Pisymbol{umrandb}{115} (s)
. . . . . . . 198 . . . . . . . 198 . . . . . . . 198
\Pisymbol{umrandb}{60} (<) \Pisymbol{umrandb}{88} (X) \Pisymbol{umrandb}{116} (t)
. . . . . . . 198 . . . . . . . 198 . . . . . . . 198
\Pisymbol{umrandb}{61} (=) \Pisymbol{umrandb}{89} (Y) \Pisymbol{umrandb}{117} (u)
. . . . . . . 198 . . . . . . . 198 . . . . . . . 198
\Pisymbol{umrandb}{62} (>) \Pisymbol{umrandb}{90} (Z) \Pisymbol{umrandb}{118} (v)
. . . . . . . 198 . . . . . . . 198 . . . . . . . 198
\Pisymbol{umrandb}{63} (?) \Pisymbol{umrandb}{91} ([) \Pisymbol{umrandb}{119} (w)
. . . . . . . 198 . . . . . . . 198 . . . . . . . 198
\Pisymbol{umrandb}{64} (@) \Pisymbol{umrandb}{92} (\) \Pisymbol{umrandb}{120} (x)
. . . . . . . 198 . . . . . . . 198 . . . . . . . 198
\Pisymbol{umrandb}{65} (A) \Pisymbol{umrandb}{93} (]) \Pisymbol{umrandb}{121} (y)
. . . . . . . 198 . . . . . . . 198 . . . . . . . 198
\Pisymbol{umrandb}{66} (B) \Pisymbol{umrandb}{94} (^) \Pisymbol{umrandb}{122} (z)
....... 198 ....... 198 ....... 198

312
\Pisymbol{umrandb}{123} ( ) { \Pisymbol{WebOMintsGD}{84}
. . . . . . . 198
\Pisymbol{WebOMintsGD}{47}
(/) . . . . . . . . . . . . 196
\Pisymbol{WebOMintsGD}{48}
(0) . . . . . . . . . . . 196
\Pisymbol{WebOMintsGD}{49}
(1) . . . . . . . . . . . 196
\Pisymbol{WebOMintsGD}{50}
(2) . . . . . . . . . . . 196
\Pisymbol{WebOMintsGD}{51}
(3) . . . . . . . . . . . . 196
\Pisymbol{WebOMintsGD}{52}
(4) . . . . . . . . . 196
\Pisymbol{WebOMintsGD}{53}
(5) . . . . . . . . . . . 196
\Pisymbol{WebOMintsGD}{54}
(6) . . . . . . . . . . . 196
\Pisymbol{WebOMintsGD}{55}
(7) . . . . . . . . . . . 196
\Pisymbol{WebOMintsGD}{56}
(8) . . . . . . . . . . . 196
\Pisymbol{WebOMintsGD}{57}
(9) . . . . . . . . . . . 196
\Pisymbol{WebOMintsGD}{65}
(A) . . . . . . . . . . . 196
\Pisymbol{WebOMintsGD}{66}
(B) . . . . . . . . . . . 196
\Pisymbol{WebOMintsGD}{67}
(C) . . . . . . . . . . . 196
\Pisymbol{WebOMintsGD}{68}
(D) . . . . . . . . . . . 196
\Pisymbol{WebOMintsGD}{69}
(E) . . . . . . . . . . . 196
\Pisymbol{WebOMintsGD}{70}
(F) . . . . . . . . . . . 196
\Pisymbol{WebOMintsGD}{71}
(G) . . . . . . . . . . . 196
\Pisymbol{WebOMintsGD}{72}
(H) . . . . . . . . . . . 196
\Pisymbol{WebOMintsGD}{73}
(I) . . . . . . . . . 196
\Pisymbol{WebOMintsGD}{74}
(J) . . . . . . . . . 196
\Pisymbol{WebOMintsGD}{75}
(K) . . . . . . . . . 196
\Pisymbol{WebOMintsGD}{76}
(L) . . . . . . . . . 196
\Pisymbol{WebOMintsGD}{77}
(M) . . . . . . . . . . . 196
\Pisymbol{WebOMintsGD}{78}
(N) . . . . . . . . . . . 196
\Pisymbol{WebOMintsGD}{79}
(O) . . . . . . . . . . . 196
\Pisymbol{WebOMintsGD}{80}
(P) . . . . . . . . . . . 196
\Pisymbol{WebOMintsGD}{81}
(Q) . . . . . . . . . . . 196
\Pisymbol{WebOMintsGD}{82}
(R) . . . . . . . . . . . 196
\Pisymbol{WebOMintsGD}{83}
(S) . . . . . . . . . . . 196
(T) . . . . . . . . . . . 196
\Pisymbol{WebOMintsGD}{85}
(U) . . . . . . . . . . . 196
\Pisymbol{WebOMintsGD}{86}
(V) . . . . . . . . . . . 196
\Pisymbol{WebOMintsGD}{87}
(W) . . . . . . . . . . . . 196
\Pisymbol{WebOMintsGD}{88}
(X) . . . . . . . . . . . . 196
\Pisymbol{WebOMintsGD}{89}
(Y) . . . . . . . . . . . . 196
\Pisymbol{WebOMintsGD}{90}
(Z) . . . . . . . . . . . . 196
\Pisymbol{WebOMintsGD}{91}
([) . . . . . . . . . . . 196
\Pisymbol{WebOMintsGD}{93}
(]) . . . . . . . . . . . 196
\Pisymbol{WebOMintsGD}{97}
(a) . . . . . . . . . . . 196
\Pisymbol{WebOMintsGD}{98}
(b) . . . . . . . . . . . 196
\Pisymbol{WebOMintsGD}{99}
(c) . . . . . . . . . . . 196
\Pisymbol{WebOMintsGD}{100}
(d) . . . . . . . . . . . 196
\Pisymbol{WebOMintsGD}{101}
(e) . . . . . . . . . . . 196
\Pisymbol{WebOMintsGD}{102}
(f) . . . . . . . . . . . 196
\Pisymbol{WebOMintsGD}{103}
(g) . . . . . . . . . . . 196
\Pisymbol{WebOMintsGD}{104}
(h) . . . . . . . . . . . 196
\Pisymbol{WebOMintsGD}{105}
(i) . . . . . . . . . . . 196
\Pisymbol{WebOMintsGD}{106}
(j) . . . . . . . . . . . 196
\Pisymbol{WebOMintsGD}{107}
(k) . . . . . . . . . . . 196
\Pisymbol{WebOMintsGD}{108}
(l) . . . . . . . . . . . 196
\Pisymbol{WebOMintsGD}{109}
(m) . . . . . . . . . . . 196
\Pisymbol{WebOMintsGD}{110}
(n) . . . . . . . . . . . . 196
\Pisymbol{WebOMintsGD}{111}
(o) . . . . . . . . . . . . 196
\Pisymbol{WebOMintsGD}{112}
(p) . . . . . . . . . . . 196
\Pisymbol{WebOMintsGD}{113}
(q) . . . . . . . . . . . 196
\Pisymbol{WebOMintsGD}{114}
(r) . . . . . . . . . . . 196
\Pisymbol{WebOMintsGD}{115}
(s) . . . . . . . . . . . 196
\Pisymbol{WebOMintsGD}{116}
(t) . . . . . . . . . . . 196
\Pisymbol{WebOMintsGD}{117}
(u) . . . . . . . . . . . 196
\Pisymbol{WebOMintsGD}{118}
(v) . . . . . . . . . . . 196
313
\Pisymbol{WebOMintsGD}{119}
(w) . . . . . . . . . . . 196
\Pisymbol{WebOMintsGD}{120}
(x) . . . . . . . . . . . 196
\Pisymbol{WebOMintsGD}{121}
(y) . . . . . . . . . . . 196
\Pisymbol{WebOMintsGD}{122}
(z) . . . . . . . . . . . 196
\pitchfork (&) . . . . . . . . 116
\pitchfork (t) . . . . . . . . 48
\pitchfork () . . . . . . . . 55
\pitchfork () . . . . . . . . 88
\pitchfork () . . . . . . . . 86
\pitchfork () . . . . . . . . 56
pitchforks 48, 86, 88, 110, 116
Pitmans base 12 symbols 113,
173
\piup () . . . . . . . . . . . . 91
\planck (h) . . . . . . . . . . 19

\Plane ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . 141
planets . . . 122124, 193195
\plasmon () . . . . . . . . 129
playing cards . . . . . . 140, 141
Plimsoll line . . . . . . . . . . 216
'
\Plus ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . 133
\plus (+) . . . . . . . . . . . . 151
\plus (+) . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
\plus (+) . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
plus-or-minus sign . . . see \pm
(
\PlusCenterOpen ( ) . . . 133
\pluscirc () . . . . . . . . 30
\pluscirc () . . . . . . . . . 32
\plusdot () . . . . . . . . . 32
\plusdot () . . . . . . . . . 33
\pluseqq () . . . . . . . . . 33
\plushat () . . . . . . . . . 33
&
\PlusOutline ( ) . . . . . . 133
plusses . . . . . . . 133, 191192
\plussim () . . . . . . . . . 33
\plussubtwo () . . . . . . . 33
\PlusThinCenterOpen ( ) 133 )
\plustrif () . . . . . . . . . 32
\plustrif () . . . . . . . . . 33
\Pluto (I) . . . . . . . . . . . 123
\Pluto () . . . . . . . . . . . 122
\Pluto (J) . . . . . . . . . . . 124
\pluto (\) . . . . . . . . . . . 122
\pm () . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
\pm (~) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
\pm () . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
\pm () . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
\pm () . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
\pm ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 176
\pmb . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 225
pmboxdraw (package) 178, 231
\pmod . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89
\pod . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89
\pointer ( ) . . . . . . . . . . 169
pointing finger . . . . . see fists
\PointingHand (Z) . . . . . 170
\pointint () . . . . . . . . . 45
\pointintsl () . . . . . . . 47
\pointintup () . . . .
\pointright () . . . .
\Poland () . . . . . . .
\polariton () . . . . .
\polaron () . . . . .
\polishhook (~) . . . .
\polter ( ) . . . . . . . . . 110
polutonikogreek (babel package
option) . . . . . 15, 90, 91
polygons . . 136138, 162166,
191192, 207208
polynom (package) . . . . . . 104
polynomial division . . . . . 104
polytonic Greek . . . 15, 90, 91
\portato ( ) . . . . . . . . . . 157
\portatoDown ( ) . . . . . . . 157
\Portugal () . . . . . . . . . 182
\Poseidon () . . . . . . . . 124
\positron () . . . . . . . . 129
\postalmark () . . . . . . . 117
#
\Postbox ( ) . . . . . . . . . 180
PostScript . 91, 120, 130, 214,
223
PostScript fonts . . . . . . . . 130
\pot ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . 184
\Pound ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . 26
\pounds . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
\pounds ($) . . . . . . 227, 228
power set see alphabets, math
\powerset () . . . . . . . . . 93
\Pp () . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 176
\pp ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 176
\ppm ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 176
) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 176
\Ppp (
\ppp ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . 176
\Pppp () . . . . . . . . . . . . . 176
\pppp ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . 176
\Ppppp () . . . . . . . . . . . . 176
\ppppp ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . 176
\Pr (Pr) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89
\Prec () . . . . . . . . . . . . 56
\prec () . . . . . . . . . . . . 48
\prec () . . . . . . . . . . . . 53
\prec () . . . . . . . . . . . . 51
\prec () . . . . . . . . . . . . 56
\precapprox () . . . . . . . 50
\precapprox (w) . . . . . . . 48
\precapprox () . . . . . . . 55
\precapprox () . . . . . . . 53
\precapprox () . . . . . . . 51
\precapprox () . . . . . . . 56
\preccurlyeq () . . . . . . 50
\preccurlyeq (4) . . . . . . 48
\preccurlyeq () . . . . . . 55
\preccurlyeq () . . . . . . 53
\preccurlyeq () . . . . . . 51
\preccurlyeq () . . . . . . 56
\precdot () . . . . . . . . . 50
\preceq () . . . . . . . . . . 48
\preceq () . . . . . . . . . . 53
\preceq () . . . . . . . . . . . 51
\preceq () . . . . . . . . . . 56
. . . 47 \preceqq () . . . . . . . . . . 49
. . . 133 \preceqq () . . . . . . . . . . 53
. . . 182 \preceqq () . . . . . . . . . 56
. . . 129 \precnapprox () . . . . . . 50
. . . 129 \precnapprox () . . . . . . 49
. . . 24 \precnapprox () . . . . . . 55
\precnapprox () . . . . . . 53
\precnapprox () . . . . . . 52
\precnapprox () . . . . . . 56
\precneq () . . . . . . . . . 50
\precneq () . . . . . . . . 53, 54
\precneq () . . . . . . . . . 56
\precneqq () . . . . . . . . 49
\precneqq () . . . . . . . . . 55
\precneqq () . . . . . . . 53, 54
\precneqq () . . . . . . . . . 56
\precnsim () . . . . . . . . 50
\precnsim () . . . . . . . . 49
\precnsim () . . . . . . . . . 55
\precnsim () . . . . . . . . . 53
\precnsim () . . . . . . . . . 52
\precnsim () . . . . . . . . . 56
\precsim () . . . . . . . . . 50
\precsim (-) . . . . . . . . . 48
\precsim () . . . . . . . . . 55
\precsim () . . . . . . . . . . 53
\precsim () . . . . . . . . . . 51
\precsim () . . . . . . . . . 57
prescription . see \textrecipe
present-value symbols 107, 219
\prime () . . . . . . . . . . . . 115
\prime () . . . . . . . . . . . . 116
\prime () . . . . . . . . . . . . 116
\prime () . . . . . . . . . . . . 114
primes . . . . . . . . . . 114117
\Printer () . . . . . . . . . 125
printers fist . . . . . . see fists
printers flowers . . see fleurons
and flowers
probabilistic independence 217
probability limit (plim ) . . see
\DeclareMathOperator
\prod ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
\prod () . . . . . . . . . . . 44
\prod () . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
\prod ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . 45
\PRODI . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48
\PRODI (T) . . . . . . . . .
\Prodi . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
\Prodi (R) . . . . . . . ...
\prodi . . . . . . . . . . . ...
\prodi (P) . . . . . . . . ...
prodint (package) . . . . 48,
product integrals . . . . ...
\profline () . . . . . ... 117
\profsurf () . . . . . ... 117
Project Gutenberg . . . ...
projective space (P) . ...
alphabets, math
\projlim (proj lim) . . ...
314
pronunciation symbols . . . see
phonetic symbols
proof, end of . . . . . . . . . . 115
proper subset/superset . . . see
\subsetneq/\supsetneq
proper vertices . . . . . . . . 128
\PropertyLine () . . . . . 117
\propfrom () . . . . . . . . 53
\propto (9) . . . . . . . . . . 116
\propto () . . . . . . . . . . 48
\propto () . . . . . . . . . . 53
\propto () . . . . . . . . . . 51
\propto () . . . . . . . . . . 57
\protein () . . . . . . . . . . 128
proto-Semitic symbols . . . 142
\proton () . . . . . . . . . . 128
protosem (package) . 142, 231
\ProvidesPackage . . . . . . 230
\PrtSc ( PrtSc ) . . . . . . . 125
\prurel (:) . . . . . . . . . . 55
\prurel () . . . . . . . . . . 57
\ps ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 176
pseudographics . . . . . . . . 178
\Psi () . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90
\psi () . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90
\psiup () . . . . . . . . . . . 91
psnfss (package) . . . . . . . . 134
PSTricks (package) . . . . . . 186
\Psyche () . . . . . . . . . . 124
\Pu ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 154
\pullback () . . . . . . . . . 32
\pullback () . . . . . . . . . 57
pullback diagrams . . . . . . 218
pulse diagram symbols . . . 121
$
\PulseHigh ( ) . . . . . . . 121
%
\PulseLow ( ) . . . . . . . 121
\pumpkin ( ) . . . . . . . . . 37
pumpkins . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
punctuation . . . . . . . . . . 16
punctum . . . . . . see musixgre
\Purierstab ( ) . . . . . . . 184
\pushout () . . . . . . . . . 32
\pushout () . . . . . . . . . 57
pushout diagrams . . . . . . 218
\pwedge (U) . . . . . . . . . . 19
pxfonts (package) . . . . . . . 28,
30, 41, 49, 60, 63, 71, 88,
9193, 115, 119, 140, 211,
48 226
\Pxp () . . . . . . . . . . . . . 176
48
\pxp ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . 176
48
48 Q
48 Q.E.D. . . ... . . . . . . . . . 115
231 \QED () . ... . . . . . . . . . 117
48 \Qoppa (]) .. . . . . . . . . . 148
\qoppa (*) ... . . . . . . . . . 148
\qoppa () ... . . . . . . . . . 148
214
see >
\qp () . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 153
\qprime () . . . . . . . . . . 114
89 ') . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125
\QQ (


B
\qqs () . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 153
@
\qs () . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 153
\qside (M) . . . . . . . . . . . 174
\quaddot (<) . . . . . . . . . . 151
\quadeye (?) . . . . . . . . . . 151
\Quadrad (]]) . . . . . . . . . . 102
\quadrad (]]) . . . . . . . . . . 102
\Quadras ([[) . . . . . . . . . . 102
\quadras ([[) . . . . . . . . . . 102
\quadrupole () . . . . . . . 128
\quark () . . . . . . . . . . . . 128
\quarkb () . . . . . . . . . . . 128
\quarkc () . . . . . . . . . . . 128
\quarkd () . . . . . . . . . . . 128
\quarks () . . . . . . . . . . . 128
\quarkt () . . . . . . . . . . . 128
\quarku () . . . . . . . . . . . 128
quarter note . . . . see musical
symbols
\quarterNote ( C ) . . . . . . 155
\quarternote () . . . . . . 152
\quarternote () . . . . . . . 152
\quarternote () . . . . . . . 152
\quarterNoteDotted ( u ) . 155
\quarterNoteDottedDouble
( u u ) . . . . . . . . . . . 155
\quarterNoteDottedDoubleDown
uu
( ) . . . . . . . . . . . 155
u
\quarterNoteDottedDown ( ) .
. . . . . . . 155
C \ranglebar (s) . . . . . . . .
\quarterNoteDown ( ) . . . 155
quasi-quotation marks (p q) .
. . . . see \ulcorner and
\urcorner
quaternions (H) see alphabets,
math
quaver . see musical symbols
\quaver ( ) . . . . . . . . . . 155
\quaverDotted (
) . . . . . 155
\quaverDottedDouble (
) 155

\RATIONAL ( ) . . . . . . . . . 89
\quaverDottedDoubleDown (  )
. . . . . . . 155


\quaverDottedDown (  ) . . 155
\quaverDown (  ) . . . . . . . 155
\quaverRest ( ) . . . . . . . 156
\quaverRestDotted ( ) . . 156
queen . . . . . . . . 175, 209210
\questeq () . . . . . . . . . 57
\Question () . . . . . . . . 117
quilisma . . . . . . see musixgre
\Quincunx (o) . . . . . . . . . 124
Quine corners (p q) . . . . see
\ulcorner and \urcorner
quotation marks . . 14, 16, 27,
183, 225, 228
\quotedblbase () . . . 16, 228
\quotesinglbase () . 16, 228
R \rbrace (}) . . . . . . . . . . .
R (R) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 151
\R () . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 151
}
\R () . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 176
\rbrace ( ) . . . . . . . . . . 100
\r (a) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
\r () . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 176 \Rbrack (]) . . . . . . . . . . . 120
r (r) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 151 \rBrack (]]) . . . . . . . . . . . 101
r (r) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119

\Radiation ( ) . . . . . . . 171 \rBrack () .......... 99
\radiation () . . . . . . . . 183
radicals . see \sqrt and \surd \rBrack () . . . . . . . . . . . 99
\Radioactivity (j) . . . . 127
\Radix ()) . . . . . . . . . . . 124 \rBrack ( ) . . . . . . . . . . 100

\Rain ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . 171

\RainCloud ( ) . . . . . . . 171 \rbrack (]) . . . . . . . . . . . 99
raindrop . . . . . . . . . . . . . 209
\rbrack (]) . . . . . . . . . . . 99
raising . . . see \textraising
\rbracklrtick () . . . . . . 95
\RaisingEdge ( ) . . . . . . 121
\rbrackubar () . . . . . . . 95
\Rangle (>) . . . . . . . . . . 120
\rbrackurtick () . . . . . . 95
\rAngle () . . . . . . . . . . . 101
\Rbrbrak () . . . . . . . . . . 95
\rAngle () . . . . . . . . . . 98
\rbrbrak ( ) . . . . . . . . . 100
\rAngle ( ) . . . . . . . . . 100 ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
\rc (a 23
\rCeil () . . . . . . . . . . . . 101
\rangle () . . . . . . . . . 28, 96 \rceil () . . . . . . . . . . . . 96
\rangle () . . . . . . . . . . . 98 \rceil () ........... 99
\rangle () . . . . . . . . . . . 97 \rceil ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . 97
\rangle ( ) . . . . . . . . . . 100 \rceil ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . 99
\rcirclearrowdown () . 73
98
\rcirclearrowleft () . 73
\rcirclearrowright () 73
\rangledot () . . . . . . . . 98 \rcirclearrowup () . . . 73
\rcircleleftint () . . . 44
\rangledot () . . . . . . . . 95
\rcircleleftint () . . . . 43
\rangledownzigzagarrow ()
. . . . . . . 115 \rcirclerightint () . . . 44
\rcirclerightint () . . . 43
\RArrow ( ) . . . . . . . . 125
\rcorners (w) . . . . . . . . . 95
\rarrowfill . . . . . . . . . . 108
\ratio (:) . . . . . . . . . . . . 59 \rcurvearrowdown () . . . 73
\rcurvearrowleft () . . 73
\Rational ( ) . . . . . . . . . 89
\rcurvearrowne () . . . . 73
\rcurvearrownw () . . . . 73
rational numbers (Q) . . . . see
\rcurvearrowright () . . 73
alphabets, math
\rcurvearrowse () . . . . 73
rationalized Planck constant see
\rcurvearrowsw () . . . . 73
\hbar
\rcurvearrowup () . . . . . 73
\RB (}) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125
\rcurvyangle () . . . . . . 95
\Rbag (Q) . . . . . . . . . . . . 95
\rdbrack (w) . . . . . . . . . . 97
\rbag (O) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95
\rdiagovfdiag () . . . . . 117
\rbag () . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
\rbag () . . . . . . . . . . . . 95 \rdiagovsearrow () . . . 82
\rblackbowtie () . . . . . 32 \Rdsh () . . . . . . . . . . . . 76
\rblkbrbrak () . . . . . . . 95 \Rdsh () . . . . . . . . . . . . 82
\Re () . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93
\rBrace ( ) . . . . . . . . . 100 \Re () . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94
\REAL ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . 89
\rbrace (}) .......... 98
\Real ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . 89
real numbers (R) . . . . . . . see
99 alphabets, math
recipe . . . . . see \textrecipe
\rbrace ( ) . . . . . . . . .
98 \recorder () . . . . . . . . . 169
315
 u
\Rectangle ( ) . . . . . . . . 139
v
\RectangleBold ( ) . . . . . 139
rectangles . 139, 140, 162166,
t
191192
\RectangleThin ( ) . . . . . 139
\Rectpipe () . . . . . . . . . 127
\Rectsteel () . . . . . . . . 127
A
recycle (package) . . . 180, 231
\recycle () . . . . . . . . . 183
\recycle ( ) . . . . 180
\Recycling () . . . . . . . 180
recycling symbols . . 179, 180,
183, 185189, 191
reduced quadrupole moment see
\rqm
\reference () . . . . . . . . 128
\reflectbox . . . . . . . . . . 214
registered trademark . 14, 26,
227
\Reibe ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . 184
relational database symbols 117
relational symbols . . . . . . 48
binary . 4851, 53, 5567,
8688
negated binary . . 49, 50,
5255, 57
triangle . . . . . . . . 6769
\relationleftproject ( &) . .
. . . . . . . 109
\relationlifting ( $##) . . 109
\relationrightproject ( $ ) .
. . . . . . . 109
relations . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109
\Relbar (=) . . . . . . . 88, 215
\Relbar () . . . . . . . . . . 51
\Relbar () . . . . . . . . . . . 89
\relbar () . . . . . . . 88, 215
\relbar () . . . . . . . . . . 51
\relbar () . . . . . . . . . . . 89
relsize (package) . . . . . . . . 23
\Request ( ) . . . . . . . . . 180
\resistivity () . . . . . . 128
\resizebox . . . . . . . . 85, 211
\Respondens () . . . . . . . 176
\respondens ( ) . . . . . . . 176
response ( ) . . . . . . 229, 230
\restoresymbol . . . . . . . 211
\restrictbarb () . . . . . . 86
\restrictbarbup ()) . . . . 86
\restriction () . . . . . . 71
) . 80
\restriction () . . . . . . 79
\restriction () . . . . . . 75
\restriction () . . . . . . 84
restrictions 71, 75, 79, 80, 84,
86
\restrictmallet () . . . . 86
\restrictmalletup (*) . . 86
\restrictwand () . . . . . . 86
\restrictwandup (() . . . . 86
rests . . . see musical symbols
retracting . . . . . . . . . . . . see
\textretracting
\Retrograde (5) . . . . . . . 124
\Return ( ) . . . . . . . . 125
return . . . see carriage return
\revangle () . . . . . . . . . 114
\revangle () . . . . . . . . . 115
\revangleubar () . . . . . 115
\revaw ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . 100
\revD () . . . . . . . . .
. \rhooknearrow () . . . . . 73
\revddots ( . . ) . . . . .
\reve () . . . . . . . . .
\reveject (f) . . . . . .
\revemptyset () . . .
\revemptyset () . . .
\revepsilon () . . . .
\revepsilon () . . . .
reverse solidus . . . . . .
\textbackslash
\reverseallabreve ( {)
\reverseC ( T ) ......
reversed symbols . . . . . . .
\reversedvideodbend ( )
\reversemathcloud ( ) 37
\reversemathwitch ( ) 37
\reversemathwitch* ( ) 37
\revglotstop (c) . . . . . .
\revmeasuredangle () . .
\revnmid () . . . . . . . . . .
\revsphericalangle () .
\Rewind () . . . . . . . . . .
\RewindToIndex () . . .
\RewindToStart () . . . .
\rfbowtie? () . . . . . . . .
? \Rightarrow () . . . . . . 76
\rfilet (??) . . . . . . . . . . .
\rFloor () . . . . . . . . . . . 101
\rfloor () . . . . . . . . . . . 96
\rfloor () . . . . . . . . . . .
\rfloor ( ) . . . . . . . . . .
\rfloor ( ) . . . . . . . . . .
() . .
\rftimes .......
\rgroup ( ) . . .
.......
\rgroup (
) . . . .......
\rgroup (
) . . .......
\rgroup ( ) . . .......
\RHD () . . . . . . . . . .
\rhd (B) . . . . . . . . . .
\rhd () . . . . . . . . . .
\rhd () . . . . . . . . . .
\rhd () . . . . . . . . . .
\Rho (P) . . . . . . . . . .
316
\rho () . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90
\rho ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91
\rhomesonminus () . . . . 128
\rhomesonnull () . . . . . 128
\rhomesonplus () . . . . . 128
\rhook () . . . . . . . . . . . . 89
\rhookdownarrow (;) . . . . 77
\rhookdownarrow (;) . . . . 73
\rhookleftarrow () . . . 77
\rhookleftarrow () . . . 73
\rhooknearrow () . . . . . 77
. . . 19
. . . 218 \rhooknwarrow () . . . . . 77
. . . 19 \rhooknwarrow (=) . . . . . 73
. . . 19 \rhookrightarrow () . . 77
. . . 116 \rhookrightarrow (8) . . 73
. . . 114 \rhooksearrow () . . . . . 77
. . . 19 \rhooksearrow (?) . . . . . 73
. . . 214 \rhookswarrow () . . . . . 77
. . . see \rhookswarrow () . . . . . 72
\rhookuparrow (9) . . . . . 77
. 153 \rhookuparrow (9) . . . . . . 72
\rhoup () . . . . . . . . . . . 91
153 \right 96, 100, 101, 211, 213
214 \rightangle () . . . . . . . 114
169 \rightangle () . . . . . . . 114
\rightangle () . . . . . . . 118
\rightangle () . . . . . . . 115
\rightanglemdot () . . . . 114
\rightanglemdot () . . . 114
19
114 \rightanglemdot () . . . . 115
\rightanglesqr () . . . . 114
57
\rightanglesqr () . . . . 114
114
169 \rightanglesqr () . . . . 115
\rightanglesquare () . . 114
169
\RIGHTarrow () . . . . . . . 169
169
\Rightarrow () . . . . 28, 70
57
97 \Rightarrow () . . . . . . 72
\Rightarrow () . . . . . . . 82
\rightarrow () . . . . . . 71
\rightarrow () . . . . . . 70
\rightarrow () . . . . . . . 76
99
\rightarrow () . . . . . . . 72
\rightarrow () . . . . . . 85
97
\rightarrow () . . . . . . . 82
\rightarrowapprox () . 82
99
\rightarrowbackapprox () .
57 . . . . . . . . 82
\rightarrowbar () . . . . 80
96
\rightarrowbar () . . . . 82
\rightarrowbsimilar () 82
99 \rightarrowcircle (
\rightarrowdiamond () . 82
97 \rightarrowgtr () . . . . 67
\rightarrowonoplus () 82
99
\rightarrowplus () . . . 82
. . . 30 \rightarrowshortleftarrow
. 29, 30 () . . . . . . . . . . . . 82
. . . 65 \rightarrowsimilar () . 82
. 64, 68 \rightarrowsupset () . 62
33, 138 \rightarrowtail () . . . 70
. . . 90 \rightarrowtail () . . . 80
\rightarrowtail () . . . 76
\rightarrowtail () . . . 72
\rightarrowtail () . . . 82
\rightarrowTriangle () 80
) 70 \rightthreetimes () . . .
\rightarrowtriangle (_) 71
\rightarrowtriangle () 80
\rightarrowtriangle () 82
\rightarrowx () . . . . . . 82
\rightAssert () . . . . . . 53
\rightassert () . . . . . . 53
\rightbarharpoon () . . 72
\rightbkarrow () . . . . . 76
\rightbkarrow () . . . . . 82
\rightblackarrow (.) . . 80
\rightblackspoon (l) . . 87
\RIGHTCIRCLE (H) . . . . . . 136
\RIGHTcircle (H #) . . . . . . 136
\Rightcircle (J) . . . . . . 136
\rightcurvedarrow () . 77
\rightcurvedarrow () . 82
\rightdasharrow (!) . . . 80
\rightdasharrow () . . . 82
\rightdbltail () . . . . . 57
?
\RightDiamond ( ) . . . . . 139
\rightdotarrow () . . . . 82
\rightdowncurvedarrow () .
. . . . . . . . 77
\rightdowncurvedarrow () 82
\rightevaw ( ) . . . . . . . . 100
\rightfilledspoon (p) . 86
\rightfishtail () . . . .
\rightfootline () . . . .
56
53
\rightfootline (x) . . . . 51
\rightfree () . . . . . . . . 51
\righthalfcap () . . . . . 31
\righthalfcup () . . . . . 31
\righthand (u) . . . . . . . 133
\rightharpoonaccent () 103
\rightharpoonccw () . . 75
\rightharpooncw () . . . 75
\rightharpoondown () . 72
\rightharpoondown () . 70
\rightharpoondown () . . 81
\rightharpoondown () . 79
\rightharpoondown () . 84
\rightharpoondownbar () 84
\rightharpoonsupdown () 84
\rightharpoonup () . . . 72
\rightharpoonup () . . . 70
\rightharpoonup () . . . 81
\rightharpoonup () . . . 79
\rightharpoonup () . . . 84
\rightharpoonupbar () . 84
\rightleftcurvearrow () 77
\rightleftharpoon () . 72
\rightleftharpoons () 72
\rightleftharpoons (
30
\rightleftharpoons ( ) 70
\rightleftharpoons () . 81
\rightleftharpoons () . 79
\rightleftharpoons () . 75
\rightleftharpoons () . 84
\rightleftharpoonsdown ()
. . . . . . . . 84
\rightleftharpoonsfill . 108
\rightleftharpoonsup () 84
\rightleftsquigarrow () 77
\rightlsquigarrow () . 77
\rightlsquigarrow () . . 72
\Rightmapsto () . . . . . 76
\rightmapsto () . . . . . . 77
\rightmapsto () . . . . . . 72
\rightModels () . . . . . . 51
\rightmodels () . . . . . . 53
\rightmodels () . . . . . . 51
\rightmoon (L) . . . . . . . . 123
\rightmoon () . . . . . . . . 123
\rightmoon (%) . . . . . . . . 122
\rightouterjoin () . . . 117
\rightp (w) . . . . . . . . . . . 24
\rightpentagon () . . . . 138
\rightpentagonblack () 138
\rightpitchfork (t) . . . 88
\rightpitchfork () . . . 86
\rightpointleft ( L ) . . 132
\rightpointright ( N ) . 132
\rightpropto () . . . . . . 50
\rightrcurvearrow () . 77
\rightrightarrows () . 71
\rightrightarrows () . 70
\rightrightarrows () . . 80
\rightrightarrows () . 76
\rightrightarrows () . . 72
\rightrightarrows () . 82
\rightrightharpoons () 72
\rightrsquigarrow () . 77
\rightrsquigarrow () . . 72
\RightScissors (S) . . . . 131
\rightslice (3) . . . . . . . 29
\rightslice () . . . . . . . 32
\rightslice () . . . . . . . 50
\rightspoon () . . . . . . . 87
\rightspoon () . . . . . . 86
\rightsquigarrow () . 71
\rightsquigarrow ( ) . . 70
\rightsquigarrow () . . 80
\rightsquigarrow () . . 77
\rightthreetimes (i) . . 29
\rightthreetimes () . . . 32
\rightthreetimes () . . . 32
\rightthreetimes () . . 33
\rightthumbsdown ( d ) . 132
\rightthumbsup ( u ) ... 132
\righttoleftarrow () . 71
\righttoleftarrow () . . 80
\Righttorque (') . . . . . . 127
\rightturn (!) . . . . . . . 169
\rightupcurvedarrow () 77
\rightVDash () . . . . . . 53
\rightVdash () . . . . . . 53
\rightVdash () . . . . . . . 50
\rightvDash () . . . . . . . 53
\rightvdash () . . . . . . . 53
\rightvdash () ....... 50
\rightwave ( ) . . . . . . . . 100
\rightwavearrow () . . . 76
\rightwavearrow () . . . 82
\rightwhitearrow () . . 80
\rightwhitearrow () . . 82
\rightwhiteroundarrow () 80
\rightY (,) . . . . . . . . . . 32
\rightY (() . . . . . . . . . . 30
rinforzando () . . . . . . . . . 157
\ring () . . . . . . . . . . . . 103
ring (a) . . . . . . . . see accents
ring equal to . . . see \circeq
ring in equal to . see \eqcirc
\ringplus () . . . . . . . . . 33
\riota (}) . . . . . . . . . . . . 117
\riota ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
\rip (O) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 174
\risingdotseq () . . . . . 50
\risingdotseq (:) . . . . . 48
\risingdotseq () . . . . . 55
\risingdotseq () . . . . . 53
\risingdotseq () . . . . . 50
\risingdotseq () . . . . . 56
\rJoin (Y) . . . . . . . . . . . 49
\rJoin () . . . . . . . . . . . 32
\RK () . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125
\rlap . . 24, 25, 139, 217, 218
\rmoustache () . . . . . . . 96
\rmoustache ( ) . . . . . . 99
\rmoustache (
) . . . . . . 97
\rmoustache ( ) . . . . . . 99
\rightharpoonupdash ()
\rightimply () . . . . . . .
\rightlcurvearrow () .
\rightleftarrows () . .
\rightleftarrows () . .
\rightleftarrows () . .
\rightleftarrows () . .
\rightleftarrows () . .
\rightleftarrows () . .
84 \rightsquigarrow () . . 73 \RO () . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125
56 \rightsquigarrow () 82, 83 rock/paper/scissors . . . . . 133
77 \rightt (o) . . . . . . . . . . . 24 \rollingpin ( ) . . . . . 184
71 \righttail () . . . . . . . 56 Roman coins . . . . . . . . . . 26
70 \righttherefore ( ) . . . 111 \Romania () . . . . . . . . . 182
80 \righttherefore ( ) . 30, 111 Romanian comma-belo accent
76 \rightthreearrows () . . 80 (a, ) . . . . . . . see accents
72 \rightthreearrows () . 82 rook . . . . . . . . . 175, 209210
82 \rightthreetimes (%) . . 116 roots . . . . . . . . . . . see \sqrt
317
roshambo . . . . . . . . . . . . 133 \rrhLap ( ) . . . . . . . . 190 \Rsh () . . . . .. . . . . . . . 80
\rotatebox . . . . . . . . 24, 214 \Rsh () . . . . .. . . . . . . . 76
\rrhLp ( ) . . . . . . . . . 190
rotated symbols 1719, 24, 214 \Rsh () . . . . .. . . . . . . . 72
rotating (package) . . . 27, 125 \rrhLs ( ) . . . . . . . . . 190 \Rsh () . . . . .. . . . . . . . 83
\rotm (m) . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 \rrhLsp ( ) . . . . . . . . 190 \rsolbar () . .. . . . . . . . 33
\rotOmega (
) . . . . . . . . . 19 \rsqhook () . . . . . . . . 56
\rotr (r) . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 \rrhLw ( ) . . . . . . . . . 190 \rsub () . . .. . . . . . . . 37
\rotvara (A) . . . . . . . . . . 19 \rrhLwp ( ) . . . . . . . . 190 \rtborder ( ) . . . . . . . . 176
\rotw (w) . . . . . . . . . . . .
\roty (y) . . . . . . . . . . . .
19
19 \rrhM ( ) . . . . . . . . . . 190 \rtbotcorner ( ) . . . . . 176
\rtimes () . . . . . . . . . . 30
\RoundedLsteel () . . . . . 127 \rrhMp ( ) . . . . . . . . . 190 \rtimes (o) . . . . . . . . . . 29
\RoundedLsteel () . . . . . 127
\rrhR ( ) . . . . . . . . . . 190 \rtimes () . . . . . . . . . . 32
\RoundedTsteel () . . . . 127
\rtimes () . . . . . . . . 31, 32
\RoundedTsteel () . . . . 127 \rrhRa ( ) . . . . . . . . . 190 \rtimes () . . . . . . . . . . 30
\RoundedTTsteel () . . . . 127
\rrhRap ( ) . . . . . . . . 190 \rtimes () . . . . . . . . . . 33
\rtimesblack ()
\Rparen ()) . . . . . . . . . . . 120
. . . . . . 32
\rrhRp ( ) . . . . . . . . . 190
\rtriltri () . . . . . . . . 69
\rParen ( ) .......... 99
\rrhRs ( ) . . . . . . . . . 190 \rtriple . . . . . . . . . . . . 101
\rrhRsp ( ) . . . . . . . . 190 
\rttopcorner ( ) . . . . . 176
\rparen ()) . . . . . . . . . . . 98 \RU () . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125
\rrhRw ( ) . . . . . . . . . 190 Rubiks Cube . . . . . . . . . 190
\rparen ()) . . . . . . . . . . . 99
\rrhRwp ( ) . . . . . . . . 190 rubikcube (package) . 190, 231,
\rparengtr () . . . . . . . . 95
232
\Rparenless () . . . . . . . 95 \rrhSd ( ) . . . . . . . . . 190
\ruledelayed () . . . . . . 56
\rppolint () . . . . . . . . . 45
\rrhSdp ( ) . . . . . . . . 190 runes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 151
\rppolintsl () . . . . . . . 46
Anglo-Frisian . . . . . . 151
\rppolintup () . . . . . . . 46 \rrhSl ( ) . . . . . . . . . 190
Danish . see normal runes
- ......
\rqm () . . . . . . . 216 \rrhSlp ( ) . . . . . . . . 190 Germanic . . . . . . . . . 151
\RR (z) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 151
\rrhSr ( ) . . . . . . . . . 190 Halsinge . . see staveless
\rrangle () ......... 97 runes
\rrhSrp ( ) . . . . . . . . 190 long-branch . see normal
\rrangle () . . . . . . . . . . 95 runes
\rrhSu ( ) . . . . . . . . . 190
\rrbracket () . . . . . . . . 96 medieval . . . . . . . . . 151
\rrhSup ( ) . . . . . . . . 190

\rrbracket ( ) . . . . . . . . 101 normal . . . . . . . . . . . 151
\rrhU ( ) . . . . . . . . . . 190 short-twig . . . . . . . . 151
\rrceil (W) . . . . . . . . . . . 95 staveless . . . . . . . . . 151
\rrhUa ( ) . . . . . . . . . 190 Swedo-Norwegian . . . see
\RRelbar () . . . . . . . . . . 89
\Rrelbar () . . . . . . . . . . 89 \rrhUap ( ) . . . . . . . . 190 short-twig runes
\rrfloor (U) . . . . . . . . . . 95 \rupee (|) . . . . . . . . . . . 26
\rrhUp ( ) . . . . . . . . . 190
\RV (|
) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125
\rrhD ( ) . . . . . . . . . . 190
\rrhUs ( ) . . . . . . . . . 190 \rVert (||) . . . . . . . . . . . . 101
\rrhDa ( ) . . . . . . . . . 190 \rVert () . . . . . . . . . . . 96
\rrhUsp ( ) . . . . . . . . 190


\rrhDap ( ) . . . . . . . . 190
\rrhUw ( ) . . . . . . . . . 190 \rVert ( ) . . . . . . . . . . 98

\rrhDp ( ) . . . . . . . . . 190 \rvert (|) . . . . . . . . . . . . 96
\rrhUwp ( ) . . . . . . . . 190
\rrhDs ( ) . . . . . . . . . 190
\RRightarrow () . . . . . . 82
\rrhDsp ( ) . . . . . . . . 190 \Rrightarrow (V) . . . . . 71 \rvert ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . 98


\Rrightarrow () . . . . . . 80


\rrhDw ( ) . . . . . . . . . 190 \Rrightarrow () . . . . . 76 \rVvert ( ) . . . . . . . . . 98
\rrhDwp ( ) . . . . . . . . 190 \Rrightarrow () . . . . . . 72 \Rvzigzag () . . . . . . . . . 95
\Rrightarrow () . . . . . . 82 \rvzigzag () . . . . . . . . . 95
\rrhE ( ) . . . . . . . . . . 190 \rrparenthesis (M) . . . . . 95 \rWalley ( ) . . . . . . . . . 184
\rrhEp ( ) . . . . . . . . . 190 \rrparenthesis () . . . . . 95
\RS () . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 126 \rwave ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . 100
\rrhF ( ) . . . . . . . . . . 190
\rsem () . . . . . . . . . . . . 99 _
_
\rrhFp ( ) . . . . . . . . . 190 M
Q \rWavy ( _ _
_) . . . . . . . . . . 97
\rsem ( QQ
Q ) . . . . . . . . . . . 97 ^^_
\rrhFw ( ) . . . . . . . . . 190 O . . . see \rdbrack
\rsemantic \rwavy ( ^^^) . . . . . . . . . . . 97
\rrhFwp ( ) . . . . . . . . 190 rsfs (emf package option) . 122 ^
rsfso (package) . . . . . 119, 231 S
\rrhL ( ) . . . . . . . . . . 190
\Rsh () . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71 S (S) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 151
\rrhLa ( ) . . . . . . . . . 190 \Rsh () . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70 \S () . . . . . . . . . . . . 15, 227

318
\S (S) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 \scalebox . . . . . . . . . . . . 211 \Searrow () . . . . . . ... 80
\s () . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 151 scaled (CountriesOfEurope pack- \Searrow () . . . . . . ... 76
s (s) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 151 age option) . . . . . . 183 \Searrow () . . . . . . ... 72

scaling . . . . . . . . . . 221, 223 \Searrow () . . . . . . ... 83
\sA ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 180 mechanical . . . . 221, 223 \searrow () . . . . . . ... 71
\SAa (a) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 148 optical . . . . . . . . . . . 221 \searrow () . . . . . . 70, 218
\SAb (b) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 148 \scd () . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 \searrow () . . . . . . ... 76
\SAd (d) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 148 \scg () . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 \searrow () . . . . . . ... 72
\SAdb (D) . . . . . . . . . . . . 148 \Schaler ( ) . . . . . . . . . . 184 \searrow () . . . . . . ... 85
\SAdd (B) . . . . . . . . . . . . 148 \Schneebesen ( ) . . . . . . . 184 \searrow () . . . . . . ... 83
\Sadey ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . 184 \Schussel ( ) . . . . . . . . 184 \searrowtail (') . . . ... 76
\sadface () . . . . . . . . . 183 \schwa (e) . . . . . . . . . . . 19 \searrowtail (') . . . ... 72
\SAf (f) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 148 \schwa () . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 \sebkarrow (g) . . . . ... 76
safety-related symbols . . . 127 Schwartz distribution spaces see \sec (sec) . . . . . . . . . ... 89
\Saftpresse ( ) . . . . . . . 184 alphabets, math
\Sech ( ) ) . . . . . . . . . . . . 154
\SAg (g) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 148 \sci (*) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 ==
\SAga (G) . . . . . . . . . . . . 148 scientific symbols . . . 121129, \SechBL ( ) . . . . . . . . . . 154
\Sagittarius (V) . . . . . . 124
===
 \SechBl ( )
207208 . . . . . . . . . . 154
\Sagittarius () . . . . . . 122 \ScissorHollowLeft ( ) 131 ==
\sagittarius (c) . . . . . . 122 \ScissorHollowRight ( ) 131 \SechBR ( )
===
. . . . . . . . . . 154
\SAh (h) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 148
\SAhd (H) . . . . . . . . . . . . 148 
\ScissorLeft ( ) . . . . . 131
\SechBr ( )
..
\second (2) . . .
. . . . . . . . 154
. . . . . . . . 116

\SAhu (I) . . . . . . . . . . . . 148
\SAk (k) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 148
\SAl (l) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 148
\SAlq () . . . . . . . . . . . . 148
\SAm (m) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 148
\samebishops (s) . . . . . . 174
\Sampi (^) . . . . . . . . . . . 148
\Sampi () . . . . . . . . . . . 148
\sampi (+) . . . . . . . . . . . 148
\sampi () . . . . . . . . . . . 148
\SAn (n) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 148
sans (dsfont package option) 119
\sansLmirrored () . . . . . 117
\sansLturned () . . . . . . 117
\SAo (o) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 148
\Sappho () . . . . . . . . . . 124
\SAq (q) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 148
\SAr (r) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 148
\sarabfamily . . . . . . . . . 148
sarabian (package) . . 148, 231,
232
\SAs (s) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 148
\SAsa (X) . . . . . . . . . . . . 148
\SAsd (x) . . . . . . . . . . . . 148
\SAsv (S) . . . . . . . . . . . . 148
\SAt (t) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 148
\SAtb (J) . . . . . . . . . . . . 148
\SAtd (T) . . . . . . . . . . . . 148
\satellitedish ( I) . . . . 141
satisfies . . . . . . . see \models
\Saturn (F) . . . . . . . . . . 123
\Saturn (S) . . . . . . . . . . 124
\Saturn () . . . . . . . . . . 122
\saturn (Y) . . . . . . . . . . 122
savesym (package) . . . . . . 211
\savesymbol . . . . . . . . . . 211
\SAw (w) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 148
\SAy (y) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 148
\SAz (z) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 148

\ScissorLeftBrokenBottom
( ) . . . . . . . . . . . 131
\ScissorLeftBrokenTop ( ) .  \secstress (i) .
. . . . . . . 131


\ScissorRight ( ) . . . . . 131
\ScissorRightBrokenBottom
( ) . . . . . . . . . . . 131

\ScissorRightBrokenTop ( )
. . . . . . . 131
scissors . . . . . . . 131, 186189
\scn (:) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
\scoh () . . . . . . . . . . . . 59
\Scorpio (C) . . . . . . . . . 124
\Scorpio () . . . . . . . . . 122
\scorpio (b) . . . . . . . . . 122
\scpolint () . . . . . . . . . 45
\scpolintsl () . . . . . . . 46
\scpolintup () . . . . . . . 46
scr (rsfso package option) . 119
\scr (J) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
script letters . . see alphabets,
math
\scripta (
) . . . . . . . . . . 19
\scriptg () . . . . . . . . . . 19
\scriptscriptstyle . . . . 217
\scriptstyle . . . . . . . . . 217
\scriptv (Y) . . . . . . . . . . 19
\Scroll ( Scroll ) . . . . . . 125
\scu (W) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
\scurel (;) . . . . . . . . . . 55
\scurel () . . . . . . . . . . 56
\scy (]) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
\sddtstile ( ) . . . . . . . 58
h
\sDep () . . . . . . . . . . . . . 153
\sdststile ( ) ....... 58
\sdtstile ( ) ........ 58
\sdttstile ( ) . . . . . . . 58
seconds, angular see \second
section mark . .
. . . . . . . . 24
. . . . . . see \S
\SectioningDiamond ( ) 171

\sector () . . . . . . . . . . 116
sedenions (S) . see alphabets,
math
\sefilledspoon (w) . . . . 86
\sefootline () . . . . . . . 50
\sefree () . . . . . . . . . . 50
segmented numerals . . . . . 121
\Segno ( n) . . . . . . . . . . . 153
V
\segno () . . . . . . . . . . . . 153
\seharpoonccw (G) . . . . . 75
\seharpooncw (O) . . . . . . 75
\seharpoonne (G) . . . . . . 79
\seharpoonsw (O) . . . . . . 79
\seight () . . . . . . . . . . . 151
\selcurvearrow () . . . . 77
\selectfont . . . . . . . . . . 12
\selsquigarrow () . . . . 72
semaf.fd (file) . . . . . . . . 207
semantic valuation 96, 97, 101
semaphor (package) . 205, 207,
231
semaphore symbols . 205207
\semapsto (/) . . . . . . . . 72
semibreve see musical symbols
\semibreve ( ) . . . . . . . . 155
\semibreveDotted ( ) . . 155
semidirect products 29, 30, 116
semiquaver . . . . . see musical
symbols
\semiquaver ( ) . . . . . . . 155
\semiquaverDotted (
) . 155

S
\SAzd (Z) . . . . . . . . . . . . 148 seagull . . . see \textseagull \semiquaverDottedDouble

\Sborder ( ) . . . . . . . . . 141 \Searrow (u) . . . . . . . . . 71 (
) . . . . . . . . . . . 155

319
\semiquaverDottedDoubleDown


(  ) . . . . . . . . . . . 155


\semiquaverDottedDown (  ) .
. . . . . . . 155
\semiquaverDown (  ) . . . . 155
\semiquaverRest ( ) . . . . 156
\semiquaverRestDotted ( ) .
. . . . . . . 156
\Semisextile (w) . . . . . . 124
\Semisquare (e) . . . . . . . 124
semitic transliteration . 20, 24
\seModels () . . . . . . . . 50
\semodels () . . . . . . . . 50
semtrans (package) 20, 24, 231
\senwarrows () . . . . . . 76
\senwarrows () . . . . . . 72
\senwcurvearrow () . . . 77
\senwharpoons ([) . . . . . 79
\senwharpoons ([) . . . . . 75
\seovnearrow () . . . . . . 83
\SePa ( @ ) . . . . . . . . . . . . 154
\separated () . . . . . . . . 50
separation vector (r) . . . . 119
\sepitchfork () . . . . . . 86
\seppawns (q) . . . . . . . . 174
\Serbia () . . . . . . . . . . . 182
\sercurvearrow () . . . . 77
\SerialInterface () . . 125
\SerialPort () . . . . . . . 125
\sersquigarrow () . . . . 72
\sesearrows () . . . . . . 76
\sesearrows () . . . . . . 72
\sespoon (o) . . . . . . . . . 86
\Sesquiquadrate (i) . . . . 124
set interior . . . see \mathring
set operators
intersection . . . see \cap
membership . . . . see \in
union . . . . . . . . see \cup
\setminus () . . . . . . . . . 29
\setminus (\) . . . . . . . . . 31
\setminus () . . . . . . . . . 31
\setminus () . . . . . . . . . 33
\seVdash () . . . . . . . . . 50
\sevdash () . . . . . . . . . 51
\Sextile (r) . . . . . . . . . 124
\Sey ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 184
\sfive () . . . . . . . . . . . . 151
\sfour () . . . . . . . . . . . . 151
X
SGML . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 228
sha ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 214
X
\Shake () . . . . . . . . . . . . 153
W
\shake () . . . . . . . . . . . . 153
j
\Shakel () . . . . . . . . . . . 153
m
\Shakene () . . . . . . . . . . . 153
k
\Shakenw () . . . . . . . . . . . 153
l
\Shakesw () . . . . . . . . . . . 153
\sharp () . . . . . . . . . . . . 152
\sharp () . . . . . . . . . . . . 152
\sharp () . . . . . . . . . . . 152
\sharp ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . 156
\sharp () . . . . . . . . . . . . 152
\sharp () . . . . . . . . . . . . 152
\sharpArrowboth ( ) . . . . 156
\sharpArrowdown ( ) . . . . 156
\sharpArrowup ( ) . . . . . . 156
Sharpe, Michael . . . . . . . . 23
\sharpSlashslashslashStem
( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . 156
\sharpSlashslashslashStemstem
( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . 156
\sharpSlashslashStem ( ) 156
\sharpSlashslashStemstemstem
( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . 156
\shfermion () . . . . . . . . . 128
\Shift ( Shift ) . . . . . . 125
\shift () . . . . . . . . . . . 28
\Shilling () . . . . . . . . . 25
\shneg () . . . . . . . . . . . 28
short-twig runes . . . . . . . 151
\shortcastling (O-O) . . 174
\shortdownarrow () . . . . 71
\shortdowntack () . . . . 53
\shortdowntack () . . . . 56
\ShortFifty () . . . . . . 170
\ShortForty () . . . . . . 170
\shortleftarrow ( ) . . . 71
\shortlefttack () . . . . 53
\shortlefttack () . . . . . 56
\shortmid (p) . . . . . . . . . 48
\shortmid () . . . . . . . . . 55
\shortmid () . . . . . . . . . 53
\shortmid () . . . . . . . . . 31
\shortmid () . . . . . . . . . 56
\ShortNinetyFive () . . 170
\shortparallel (q) . . . . . 48
\shortparallel () . . . . . 55
\shortparallel () . . . . 53
\shortparallel () . . . . 51
\shortparallel () . . . . . 56
"
\ShortPulseHigh ( ) . . . 121
#
\ShortPulseLow ( ) . . . . 121
\shortrightarrow (
) . . 71
\shortrightarrowleftarrow
() . . . . . . . . . . . . 83
\shortrighttack () . . . . 53
\ShortSixty () . . . . . . 170
\ShortThirty () . . . . . 170
\shortuparrow () . . . . . 71
\shortuptack () . . . . . . 53
\shortuptack () . . . . . . 56
\showclock . . . . . . . . . . . 171
\shpos () . . . . . . . . . . . 28
shuffle (package) . . . . 34, 231
\shuffle () . . . . . . . . . 33


\shuffle ( ) . . . . . . . . . 34


shuffle product ( ) . . . . . 34
\SI () . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 126
\Sieb ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . 184
\sieve ( ) . . . . . . . . . . 184
\Sigma () . . . . . . . . . . . 90
\sigma () . . . . . . . . . . . 90
320
\sigmaup () . . . . . . . . . . 91
\sim () . . . . . . 48, 216, 226
\sim () . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53
\sim () . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51
\sim () . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56
\simbot () . . . . . . . . . . 95
\simcolon (:) . . . . . . . . 59
\simcoloncolon (::) . . . 59
\simeq () . . . . . . . . . . . 48
\simeq () . . . . . . . . . . . 53
\simeq () . . . . . . . . . . . 51
\simeq () . . . . . . . . . . . 56
\simgE () . . . . . . . . . . . 67
\simgtr () . . . . . . . . . . 67
\similarleftarrow () .
\similarrightarrow () .
83
83
\simlE () . . . . . . . . . . . 67
\simless () . . . . . . . . . 67
\simminussim () . . . . . . 56
\simneqq () . . . . . . . . . . 54
\simneqq () . . . . . . . . . 56
\simperp () . . . . . . . . . 59
simplewick (package) . . . . 220
\simplus () . . . . . . . . . 33
simpsons (package) . . 177, 231
Simpsons characters . . . . . 177
\simrdots () . . . . . . . . 55
\simrdots () . . . . . . . . . 56
\sin (sin) . . . . . . . . . . . . 89
\sincoh () . . . . . . . . . . 59
\sinewave () . . . . . . . . 117
\sinewave () . . . . . . . . . 117
\sinh (sinh) . . . . . . . . . . 89
\SixFlowerAlternate ( O) 135
U) 135
\SixFlowerAltPetal (
\SixFlowerOpenCenter (M) . .
. . . . . . . 135
\SixFlowerPetalDotted (Q) .
. . . . . . . 135
\SixFlowerPetalRemoved (L)
. . . . . . . 135
[
\SixFlowerRemovedOpenPetal
( ) . . . . . . . . . . . 135
\SixStar ( G) . . . . . . . . . 135
K
\SixteenStarLight ( ) . 135
sixteenth note . . . see musical
symbols
\sixteenthNote ( ) . . . . 155
\sixteenthnote () . . . . 152
\sixteenthNoteDotted (
) . .
. . . . . . . 155
\sixteenthNoteDottedDouble
(
) . . . . . . . . . . . 155
\sixteenthNoteDottedDoubleDown


(  ) . . . . . . . . . . . 155
\sixteenthNoteDottedDown


(  ) . . . . . . . . . . . . 155
\sixteenthNoteDown (  ) . 155
skak (package) . . 174, 175, 231
skull (package) . . . . . 174, 231
\skull () . . . . . . . . . . . 183
 A
\skull ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . 174
skulls . . . . . . . . 174, 183, 209
\slash (/) . . . . . . . . . . .
\slashb () . . . . . . . . . . .
226
19
\slashc (
) . . . . . . . . . . . 19 \smalliiiintsl () . . . . 38
\slashd () . . . . . . . . . . . 19
\slashdiv () . . . . . . . . . 30
slashed (package) . . . . . . . 216
\slashed . . . . . . . . . . . .
slashed letters . . . . . . . . .
216
216
slashed.sty (file) . . . . . . 216
\slashu (U) . . . . . . . . . . . 19

\Sleet ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . 171
\sliding (a) . . . . . . . . . . 22
\Slovakia () . . . . . . . . . 182
\Slovenia () . . . . . . . . . 182
\smallaltoclef ( L) .. . 153
\smallawint () . ..... . 38
\smallawintsl () .... . 38
\smallawintup () ..... . 38
J \smallintbarup () . . . . . 38
\smallbassclef ( ) . . . 153
\smallblackcircle () . . 35
\smallblackdiamond () . 35
\smallblacklozenge () . 137
\smallblacksquare () . . 35
\smallblackstar () . . . . 35
\smallblacktriangledown ()
. . . . . . 35, 69
\smallblacktriangleleft ()
. . . . . . 35, 69
\smallblacktriangleleft ()
. . . . . . . 138
\smallblacktriangleright
() . . . . . . . . . . 35, 69
\smallblacktriangleright
() . . . . . . . . . . . . 138
\smallblacktriangleup () .
. . . . . . 35, 69
\smallbosonloop () . . . . . 128
\smallbosonloopA () . . . . 128
\smallbosonloopV () . . . . 128
E
\SmallCircle ( ) . . . . . . 139
\smallcircle () . . . . . . 35
\smallcirfnint () . . . . . 38
\smallcirfnintsl () . . . 38
\smallcirfnintup () . . . 38

\SmallCross ( ) . . . . . . 139
smallctrbull (bullcntr package op-
tion) . . . . . . . . . . 173
\smallctrbull . . . . . . . . 173
\smalldiamond () . . . . . 35
\smalldiamond () . . . . . 35
\SmallDiamondshape ( ) 139 F \smalloiintup () . . . . . 38
\smalldivslash () . . . . 32
\smallfint () . . . . . . . . 38
\smallfintsl () . . . . . . 38
\smallfintup () . . . . . . 38
\smallfrown (a) . . . . . . . 48
\smallfrown () . . . . . . . 55
\smallfrown () . . . . . 53, 88
\smallfrown () . . . . . . . 87
\smallfrown () . . . . . . . 56
\SmallHBar ( ) . . . . . . . 139
\smalliiiint () . . . . . 38
\smallpointint () . .
\smalliiiintup () . . . . 38
\smalliiint () . . . . . . 38
\smalliiintsl () . . . . . 38
\smalliiintup () . . . . . 38
\smalliint () . . . . . . . . 38
\smalliintsl () . . . . . . 38
\smalliintup () . . . . . . 38
\smallin ( ) . . . . . . . . . . 94
\smallin () . . . . . . . . . . 56
\smallint () . . . . . . . . . 116
\smallint () . . . . . . . . . 116
\smallint () . . . . . . . . . 38
\smallintBar () . . . . . . 38
\smallintbar () . . . . . . 38
\smallintBarsl () . . . . . 38
\smallintbarsl () . . . . . 38
\smallintBarup () . . . . . 38
\smallintcap () . . . . . . 38
\smallintcapsl () . . . . . 38
\smallintcapup () . . . . . 38
\smallintclockwise () . 38
\smallintclockwisesl () 38
\smallintclockwiseup () 38
\smallintcup () . . . . . . 38
\smallintcupsl () . . . . . 38
\smallintcupup () . . . . . 38
\smallintlarhk () . . . . 38
\smallintlarhksl () . . . 38
\smallintlarhkup () . . . 38
\smallintsl () . . . . . . . 38
\smallintup () . . . . . . . 38
\smallintx () . . . . . . . . 38
\smallintxsl () . . . . . . 38
\smallintxup () . . . . . . 38

\SmallLowerDiamond ( ) 139
\smalllowint () . . . . . . 38
\smalllowintsl () . . . . . 38
\smalllowintup () . . . . . 38
\smalllozenge () . . . . . 137
\smalllozenge () . . . . . . 136
\smallni () . . . . . . . . . . 56
\smallnpolint () . . . . . 38
\smallnpolintsl () . . . . 38
\smallnpolintup () . . . . 38
\smalloiiint () . . . . . . 38
\smalloiiintsl () . . . . 38
\smalloiiintup () . . . . 38
\smalloiint () . . . . . . . 38
\smalloiintsl () . . . . . 38
\smalloint () . . . . . . . . 38
\smallointctrclockwise () .
. . . . . . . . 38
\smallointctrclockwisesl ()
. . . . . . . . 38
\smallointctrclockwiseup ()
. . . . . . . . 38
321
\smallointsl () . . . . . . 38
\smallointup () . . . . . . 38
\smallowns (
) . . . . .
\smallpencil ( P ) .
.
.
. . 94
. . 132
. . . 38
\smallpointintsl () . . . 38
\smallpointintup () . . . 38
\smallprod () . . . . . . . . 30
\SmallRightDiamond ( O ) 139
\smallrppolint () . . . . . 38
\smallrppolintsl () . . . 38
\smallrppolintup () . . . 38
\smallscpolint () . . . . . 38
\smallscpolintsl () . . . 38
\smallscpolintup () . . . 38
\smallsetminus (r) . . . . 29
\smallsetminus () . . . . 32
\smallsetminus () . . . . 32
\smallsetminus () . . . . 31
\smallsetminus () . . . . . 33
\smallsmile (`) . . . . . . . 48
\smallsmile () . . . . . . . 55
\smallsmile () . . . . . 53, 88
\smallsmile () . . . . . . . 87
\smallsmile () . . . . . . . 56
\smallsqint () . . . . . . . 38
\smallsqintsl () . . . . . 38
\smallsqintup () . . . . . . 38
@
\SmallSquare ( ) . . . . . . 139
\smallsquare () . . . . . . 35
\smallsquare () . . . . . . 35
\smallstar () . . . . . . . . 35
\smallsumint () . . . . . . 38
\smallsumintsl () . . . . . 38
\smallsumintup () . . . . . 38
\smalltrebleclef ( H) . 153
C
\SmallTriangleDown ( ) 139
\smalltriangledown () . 34
\smalltriangledown () . 35,
69
\smalltriangledown () 35, 68
B
\SmallTriangleLeft ( ) 139
\smalltriangleleft () . 34
\smalltriangleleft () . 35,
69
\smalltriangleleft () 35, 68
\smalltriangleleft () . 137
D
\SmallTriangleRight ( ) 139
\smalltriangleright () 34
\smalltriangleright () 35,
69
\smalltriangleright () 35,
68
\smalltriangleright () 137
A
\SmallTriangleUp ( ) . . 139
\smalltriangleup () . . . 34
\smalltriangleup () . 35, 69
\smalltriangleup () . 35, 68
\smallupint () . . . . . . . 38
\smallupintsl () . . . . . . 38
\smallupintup () . . . . . . 38
\smallvarointclockwise () .


\SNPP ( ) . . . . . . . . ... 177 \Sqcap () . . . . . . . .
\sqcap ([) . . . . . . . .
.
.
.
.
. 33
. 30
\snststile ( ) . . . . ... 58
. . . . . . . . 38 \sqcap () . . . . . . . . . . . 29
\sntstile ( ) . . . . . ... 58
\smallvarointclockwisesl () \sqcap () . . . . . . . . . . . 31
. . . . . . . . 38 \snttstile ( ) . . . . ... 58 \sqcap () . . . . . . . . . . . 30
\smallvarointclockwiseup () \SO () . . . . . . . . . . 125, 126 \sqcap () . . . . . . . . . . . 33
. . . . . . . . 38
\sO ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 180 \sqcapdot (I) . . . . . . . . . 31

\SmallVBar ( ) . . . . . . . 139 \SOH () . . . . . . . . . . . . . 126 \sqcapdot (E) . . . . . . . . . 30
\smallwhitestar () . . . 35 \SOH () . . . . . . . . . . . . . 126 \sqcapplus (}) . . . . . . . . 30
smartctrbull (bullcntr package op- \solid () . . . . . . . . . . . 128 \sqcapplus (K) . . . . . . . . 31
tion) . . . . . . . . . . 173 South Arabian alphabet . . 148 \sqcapplus (G) . . . . . . . . 30
\smartctrbull . . . . . . . . 173 \SouthNode (?) . . . . . . . 124 \Sqcup () . . . . . . . . . . . 32
\smashtimes () . . . . . . . 32 \Sqcup () . . . . . . . . . . . 33
\smashtimes () . . . . . . . 33
\smblkcircle () . . . . . . 36
\smblkcircle () . . . . . . 37
\Soyombo ( # ) . . . . . . . . 180
soyombo (package) . . 180, 231,
\sqcup (\) . . . . . . . .
\sqcup () . . . . . . . .
\sqcup () . . . . . . . .
.
.
.
. . 30
28, 29
. . 31
\smblkdiamond () . . . . . 36 232 \sqcup () . . . . . . . . . . . 30
\smblkdiamond () . . . . . 137 Soyombo (font) . . . . . . . . 180 \sqcup () . . . . . . . . . . . 33
\smblklozenge () . . . . . 137 Soyombo symbols . . . . . . 180 \sqcupdot (H) . . . . . . . . . 31
\smblklozenge () . . . . . . 137 space . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 224 \sqcupdot (D) . . . . . . . . . 31
\smblksquare () . . . . . . 36 thin . . . . . . . . . . . . . 224 \sqcupplus (|) . . . . . . . . 30
\smblksquare () . . . . . . 137 visible . . . . . . . . . . . see \sqcupplus (J) . . . . . . . . 31
\smeparsl () . . . . . . . . . 56 \textvisiblespace \sqcupplus (F) . . . . . . . . 31
\smile () . . . . . . . . . . . 48 \Spacebar ( ) . . 125 \sqdoublecap (^) . . . . . . 30
\smile () . . . . . . . . . . . 55 spades . . . . 140, 141, 185186 \sqdoublecup (_) . . . . . . 30
\smile () . . . . . . . . . 53, 88 \spadesuit () . . . . . . . . 140 \sqdoublefrown (-) . . . . . 87
\smile () . . . . . . . . . . . 87 \spadesuit () . . . . . . . . 140 \sqdoublefrowneq (7) . . . 87
\smile () . . . . . . . . . . . 56 \spadesuit () . . . . . . . . 140 \sqdoublesmile (,) . . . . . 87
smile symbols . . . . . . . 87, 88 \spadesuit () . . . . . . . . 140 \sqdoublesmileeq (6) . . . 87
\smileeq () . . . . . . . . 53, 88 \spadesuit () . . . . . . . . 141 \sqeqfrown (5) . . . . . . . . 87
\smileeq ( ) . . . . . . . . . . 87 \Spain () . . . . . . . . . . . 183 \sqeqsmile (4) . . . . . . . . 87
\smileeqfrown (&) . . . . . 87
]
\Sparkle ( ) . . . . . . . . . 135
\sqfrown (+) . . . . . . . . . . 87
\smileface () . . . . . . . . 183
\smilefrown () . . . . . 53, 88 \
\SparkleBold ( ) . . . . . . 135
\sqfrowneq (3) . . . . .
\sqfrowneqsmile (9) .
.
.
. . 87
. . 87
\smilefrown () . . . . . . . 87 sparkles . . . . . . . . . . . . . 135
special characters . . . . . 14 R (1) . .
\sqfrownsmile . . . 87
\smilefrowneq (() . . . . . 87 \sqiiint ( ) . . . . . . . . 41
\Smiley () . . . . . . 170, 184 \SpecialForty () . . . . 170 P
\sqiint ( ) . . . . . . . . . . 41
\smiley (,) . . . . . . . . . . 169 "
\sPed () . . . . . . . . . . . . . 153
\sphericalangle (?) . . . 116 \sqiint ( ) . . . . . . . . . . 42
smiley faces 117, 126, 169, 170,
\sphericalangle (^) . . . 114 \sqint ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . 41
179, 183189, 193195
\smt () . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67 \sphericalangle () . . . . 114 \sqint ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
\smte () . . . . . . . . . . . . 67 \sphericalangle () . . . 114 \sqint () . . . . . . . . . . . 45
\smwhitestar () . . . . . . 36 \sphericalangle () . . . 114 \sqintsl () . . . . . . . . . . 47
\smwhitestar () . . . . . . 137 \sphericalangle () . . . . 115 \sqintup () . . . . . . . . . . 47
\smwhtcircle () . . . . . . 36 \sphericalangledown () 114 \sqlozenge () . . . . . . . . 137

\smwhtcircle () . . 137, 138 \sphericalangleleft () 114 \sqrt ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . 105
\sphericalangleup () . . 114
\smwhtdiamond () . . . . . 36 \sqrt ( ) . . . . 104, 217218
\sphericalangleup () . . 115
\smwhtdiamond () . 137, 138 \sqrt* ( ) . . . . . . . . . . 107
\smwhtlozenge () . . . . . 137 \spin () . . . . . . . . . . . . 128
*
\sqsmile (*) . . . . . . . . . . 87
\smwhtlozenge () . . . . . . 137 \SpinDown () . . . . . . . . . . 139 \sqsmileeq (2) . . . . . . . . 87
\smwhtsquare () . . . . . . 36 \spindown () . . . . . . . . . 128 \sqsmileeqfrown (8) . . . . 87
\smwhtsquare () . . . . . . 137
snakes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 197
)
\SpinUp () . . . . . . . . . . . 139 \sqsmilefrown (0) . . . . . 87
\spinup () . . . . . . . . . . 128 \Sqsubset (J) . . . . . . . . . 61
\sndtstile ( ) . . . . . . . 58 spirals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 197 \Sqsubset (^) . . . . . . . . . 61

\Snow ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . 171 \spirituslenis (a ) . . . . . 103 \sqSubset () . . . . . . . . 60

\SnowCloud ( ) . . . . . . . 171 \spirituslenis () . . . . . 103 \sqSubset () . . . . . . . . . 61

`
\Snowflake ( ) . . . . . . . 135
\splitvert () . . . . . . . . 126
\Spoon ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . 183
\sqsubset () . . . . . . . . 60

^
\SnowflakeChevron ( ) . 135
\sqsubset (@) . . . . . . 59, 60

_
\SnowflakeChevronBold ( ) .
. . . . . . . 135
snowflakes . . . . . . . . . . . . 135
\Snowman ( ) . . . . . . . . . . 185
spoon symbols . . . . . . . 86, 87 \sqsubset () . . . . . . . . . 61
\spreadlips (a) . . . . . . . 22 \sqsubset () . . . . . . . . . 61
\Springtree ( ) . . . . . . . 184 \sqsubset () . . . . . . . . . 61
\sqbullet () . . . . . . . . . 30 \sqsubset () . . . . . . . . . 62
\Sqcap () . . . . . . . . . . . 32 \sqsubseteq () . . . . . . . 60

322
 l
\sqsubseteq () . . . . . .
. 59 \SquareCastShadowTopRight \ssttstile ( ) . . . . . . . 58
\sqsubseteq () . . . . . .
. 61 ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . 139 \sswarrow ($) . . . . . . . . . 71
\sqsubseteq () . . . . . .
. 61 \squarecrossfill () . . 137 \sswarrow () . . . . . . . . . 81
\sqsubseteq () . . . . . .
. 62 \squaredots () . . . . . . . 111 \staccatissimo ( ) . . . . . 157
\sqsubseteqq () . . . . .
. 60 \squaredots () . . . . 31, 111 \stackrel . . . . . 28, 215, 219
\sqsubseteqq (H) . . . . .
. 61 \squarehfill () . . . . . . 137 standard state . . . . . . . . . 216
\sqsubseteqq (\) . . . . .
. 61 \squarehvfill () . . . . . 137 \star () . . . . . . . . . 29, 219
\sqsubsetneq () . . . . .
. 60 \squareleftblack () . . 137 \star ($) . . . . . . . . . . . . 151
\sqsubsetneq () . . . . .
. 61 \squarellblack () . . . . 137 \star () . . . . . . . . . 36, 137
\sqsubsetneq () . . . . .
. 61 \squarellquad () . . . . . 137 \star () . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
\sqsubsetneq () . . . . .
. 62 \squarelrblack () . . . . 137 \star () . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
\sqsubsetneqq () . . . .
. 60 \squarelrquad () . . . . . 137 \star () . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
\sqsubsetneqq () . . . .
. 61 \squareneswfill () . . . 137 Star of David . . . . . . . . . 135
\sqsubsetneqq () . . . .
. 61 \squarenwsefill () . . . 137 \stareq () . . . . . . . . . . 53
\Sqsupset (K) . . . . . . . .
. 61 \Squarepipe () . . . . . . . 127 \stareq () . . . . . . . . . . 56
\Sqsupset (_) . . . . . . . .
. 61 \squarerightblack () . 138 starfont (package) 124, 231, 232
\sqSupset () . . . . . . .
. 60 squares 136141, 162166, 175, \starofdavid () . . . . . . 137
\sqSupset () . . . . . . . .
. 61 176, 191192, 197, 207 \starredbullet (d) . . . . . 136
\sqsupset () . . . . . . .
. 60 208 stars . . . . . 115, 124, 135138,
\sqsupset (A) . . . . . . 59, 60 \SquareShadowA ( ) . . . . 139 191192
\sqsupset () . . . . .
\sqsupset () . . . . .
.
.
.
.
. . 61
. . 61


\SquareShadowB ( ) . . . . 139 \stater () . . . . . . . . . . . 26
\Station (6) . . . . . . . . . 124
h
\SquareShadowBottomRight
\sqsupset () . . . . . . . . . 61 statistical independence . . 217
( ) . . . . . . . . . . . 139
\sqsupset () . . . . . . . . . 62

\SquareShadowC ( ) . . . . 139
j
\sqsupseteq () . . . . . . . 60 \staveI ( ) . . . . . . . . 178
\sqsupseteq () . . . . . . . 59 \SquareShadowTopLeft ( ) . .
. . . . . . . 139
i
\sqsupseteq () . . . . . . . 61 \staveII (
) . . . . . . . . 178
\sqsupseteq () . . . . . . . 61 \SquareShadowTopRight ( ) . \staveIII () . . . . . . 178
\sqsupseteq () . . . . . . . 62 . . . . . . . 139
\sqsupseteqq () . .
\sqsupseteqq (I) . .
.
.
.
.
. . 60
. . 61
g
\SquareSolid ( ) . . . . . . 139
\staveIV () . . . . . . . 178

\Squaresteel () . . . . . . 127 \staveIX () . . . . . . . . 178

\sqsupseteqq (]) . . . . . . 61 \squaretopblack () . . . 138 \staveL (1) . . . . . . . . 178
\sqsupsetneq () . . . . . . 60 \squareulblack () . . . . 138
\sqsupsetneq () . . . . . . 61 \staveL (1) . . . . . . . . 179
\squareulquad () . . . . . 138
\sqsupsetneq () . . . . . . 61 staveless runes . . . . . . . . . 151
\squareurblack () . . . . 138
\sqsupsetneq () . . . . . . 62 \squareurquad () . . . . . 138 \staveLI (2) . . . . . . . 178
\sqsupsetneqq () . . . . . 60 \squarevfill () . . . . . . 138
B
\staveLII (3) . . . . . . 178
\sqsupsetneqq () . . . . . 61
\squarewithdots ( ) . . . 141
\sqsupsetneqq () . . . . . 61
\squeezer ( ) . . . . . . . . 184 \staveLIII (4) . . . . . . 178
\sqtriplefrown (/) . . . . . 87
\squigarrowdownup () . 72 \staveLIV (5) . . . . . . 178
\sqtriplesmile (.) . . . . . 87
\squigarrowleftright () 72 \staveLIX (:) . . . . . . 179
\Square (t) . . . . . . . . . . 124
\squigarrownesw () . . . 72
\Square () . . . . . . . . . . 134
f
\Square ( ) . . . . . . . . . . 139
\squigarrownwse () . . . . 72 \staveLV (6) . . . . . . . . 178

0
\squigarrowrightleft () 72
\Square ( ) . . . . . . . . . . 139 \squigarrowsenw () . . . 72 \staveLVI (7) . . . . . . . 178
0
\Square ( ) . . . . . . . . . . 139 \squigarrowswne () . . . 72
\Square ( vs. f 0vs. ) . 212 \squigarrowupdown () . . 72
\squoval () . . . . . . . . . 138
\staveLVII (8) . . . . . . 178

\square () . . . . . . . . . . . 30 \staveLVIII (9) . . . . . 179

\square () . . . . . . . . . . 115 \squplus (]) . . . . . . . . . 30
\staveLX (;) . . . . . 179
\square () . . . . . . . . . . 137 \squplus () . . . . . . . . . . 32
\square () . . . . . . . . . . 36 \SS (SS) . . . . . . . . . . 15, 125 \staveLXI (<) . . . . . . . 179
~
\square ( ) . . . . . . . . . . 176
\ss () . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
\ssdtstile ( ) . . . . . . . 58 \staveLXII (=) . . . . . . 179
\square () . . . . . . . . . . 35
\square () . . . . . . . . . . 138 \ssearrow (%) .. . . . . . . . 71 \staveLXIII (>) . . . . . 179
square impulse . . . . . . . . 121 \ssearrow () .. . . . . . . . 81
\sseven () . . .. . . . . . . . 151 \staveLXIV (?) . . . . . . . 179
square root . . . . . . see \sqrt
hooked . . . see \hksqrt \ssix () . . . .. . . . . . . . 151 \staveLXV (@) . . . . . . . 179
\squarebotblack () . . . 137 \sslash () . .. . . . . . . . 29
\sslash (<) . .. . . . . . . . 32 \staveLXVI (A) . . . . . . 179
k
\SquareCastShadowBottomRight
( ) . . . . . . . . . . . 139 \sslash () . .. . . . . . . . 33
\staveLXVII (B) . . . . . . 179
\ssststile ( ) ....... 58
m
\SquareCastShadowTopLeft
( ) . . . . . . . . . . . 139 \sststile ( ) ........ 58 \staveLXVIII (C) . . . . . 179

323
staves . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 178
staves (package) . . . . 178, 231
\staveV () . . . . . . . . 178
\staveVI () . . . . . . . 178
\staveVII () . . . . . . 178
\staveVIII () . . . . . 178
\staveX ( ) . . . . . . . . 178
\staveXI (
) . . . . . . . . 178 232
\staveXII () . . . . . . . 179
\staveXXXIV (!) . . . . 178
\staveXXXIX (&) . . . . 179
\staveXXXV (") . . . . . 179
\staveXXXVI (#) . . . . 179
\staveXXXVII ($) . . . 179
\staveXXXVIII (%) . . 179
\stdtstile ( ) .......
\steaming () . . . . . . . . 183
steinmetz (package) . 122, 231,
\Subset (b) . . . . . . . . . . 60
Steinmetz phasor notation 122
sterling . . . . . . . see \pounds
subatomic particles . 128129
\subcorner (a) . . . . . . . . 22
^ (a) . . . . . 22
\subdoublebar
\subdoublevert (a) . . . . . 22
\subedot () . . "". . . . . . . 62
\sublptr (a) . . . . . . . . . . 22
\submult () . . . . . . . . . 62
\subrarr () . . . . . . . . . 62
\subrptr (a) . . . . . . . . . . 22
58 subscripts
new symbols used in . 217
\Subset () . . . . . . . . . . 60
\Subset () . . . . . . . . . . 61
\Subset () . . . . . . . . . . 61
\staveXIII () . . . . . . 179
\staveXIV (
) . . . . . . 179
\staveXIX () . . . . . . 179
\staveXL (') . . . . . . . . 179
\staveXLI (() . . . . . . . 179
\staveXLII ()) . . . . . 179
\staveXLIII (*) . . . . . . 179
\staveXLIV (+) . . . . . 179
\staveXLIX (0) . . . . . . 178
\staveXLV (,) . . . . . . 179
\staveXLVI (-) . . . . . . 179
\staveXLVII (.) . . . . . 178
\staveXLVIII (/) . . . 178
\staveXV () . . . . . . . 179
\staveXVI () . . . . . . . 179
\staveXVII () . . . . . . 179
\staveXVIII () . . . . . 179
\staveXX () . . . . . . . 179
\staveXXI () . . . . . . 179
\staveXXII () . . . . . . 179
\staveXXIII () . . . 179
\staveXXIV () . . . . . . 178
\staveXXIX () . . . . . 178
\staveXXV () . . . . . . 178
\staveXXVI () . . . . . 178
\staveXXVII () . . . . . 178
\staveXXVIII () . . . . 178
\staveXXX () . . . . . . 178
\staveXXXI () . . . . . . 178
\staveXXXII () . . . . 178
\staveXXXIII ( ) . . . . . 178
\sthree () . . . . . . . . . . . 151
stick figures 142, 185, 203207
\subset () . . . . . . . . . . 60
\Stigma () . . . . . . . . . . 148
\Stigma () . . . . . . . . . . 148
\stigma (-) . . . . . . . . . . . 148
\stigma () . . . . . . . . . . . 148
stix (package) . 33, 37, 38, 45,
46, 56, 57, 62, 66, 67, 69,
8284, 89, 9295, 99, 103,
105, 112, 114, 115, 117,
123, 124, 127, 137, 138,
141, 152, 172, 231, 232
stmaryrd (package) . 29, 39, 49,
60, 67, 71, 85, 88, 95, 96,
212, 216, 230, 231
stochastic independence . . see

\bot
\StoneMan ( ) . . . . . . . . . 171
\Stopsign (!) . . . . . . . . 127
\StopWatchEnd ( ) . . . . . 171
\StopWatchStart ( ) . . . 171
\stress (h) . . . . . . . . . .
\Strichmaxerl ( ) . . . . .
\strictfi (K) . . . . . . .
\strictfi () . . . . . . . . . 55
\strictif (J) . . . . . . .
\strictif () . . . . . . . . . 55
\strictiff (L) . . . . . .
\StrikingThrough (_) . . .
\strns () . . . . . . . . . . . 117
\strokedint () . . . . . . . 43
;
\StrokeFive ( ) . . . . .
::::
\StrokeFour ( ) . . . . . .
:
\StrokeOne ( ) . . . . . . . .
:::
\StrokeThree ( ) . . . . .
\strokethrough () . . . . . 103
::
\StrokeTwo ( ) . . . . . . . . 171
\stst (
) . . . . . . . . . . . . 216
\stststile ( ) .......
\sttstile ( ) ........
\stttstile ( ) .......
\STX () . . . . . . . . . . . . . 126
.sty files . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
\SUB () . . . . . . . . . . . . . 126
324
\Subset () . . . . . . . . . . . 61
\Subset () . . . . . . . . . . 62
\subset () . . . . . . . . . . 59
\subset () . . . . . . . . . . 61
\subset () . . . . . . . . . . . 61
\subset () . . . . . . . . . . 62
\subsetapprox () . . . . . 62
\subsetcirc () . . . . . . . 62
\subsetdot () . . . . . . . . 62
\subseteq () . . . . . . . . 60
\subseteq () . . . . . . . . 59
\subseteq () . . . . . . . . . 61
\subseteq () . . . . . . . . . 61
\subseteq () . . . . . . . . . 62
\subseteqq () . . . . . . . . 60
\subseteqq (j) . . . . . . . 60
\subseteqq () . . . . . . . . 61
\subseteqq () . . . . . . . . 61
\subseteqq () . . . . . . . . 61
\subseteqq () . . . . . . . . 62
\subsetneq () . . . . . . . . 60
. 24 \subsetneq (() . . . . . . . 60
. 185 \subsetneq () . . . . . . . . 61
. 49 \subsetneq () . . . . . . . . 61
\subsetneq () . . . . . . . . 61
. 49 \subsetneq () . . . . . . . . 62
\subsetneqq () . . . . . . . 60
. 49 \subsetneqq ($) . . . . . . . 60
. 25 \subsetneqq () . . . . . . . 61
\subsetneqq () . . . . . . . 61
\subsetneqq () . . . . . . . 61
. 171 \subsetneqq () . . . . . . . 62
. 171 \subsetplus (D) . . . . . . . 60
\subsetplus () . . . . . . . 61
. 171
\subsetplus () . . . . . . . 62
. 171 \subsetpluseq (F) . . . . . 60
\subsetpluseq () . . . . . 61
subsets . . . . . . . . . . . . 5962
\subsim () . . . . . . . . . . 62
\subsub () . . . . . . . . . . 62
58 \subsup () . . . . . . . . . . 62
58 \Succ () . . . . . . . . . . . . 56
\succ () . . . . . . . . . . . . 48
58 \succ () . . . . . . . . . . . . 53
\succ () . . . . . . . . . . . . 51
\succ () . . . . . . . . . . . . 56
\succapprox () . . . . . . . 50
\succapprox (v) . . . .... 48 \Sun ( vs.  vs. @) . . . 212 \supsup () . . . . . . . . . . 62
\succapprox () .

. . .... 55 sun . . 122124, 141, 169, 171, \surd ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . 115
\succapprox () . . . .... 53 185186, 209, 212 \surface () . . . . . . . . . 129
\succapprox () . . . .... 51 \sun () . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123 
\SurveySign ( ) . . . . . . . 171
\succapprox () . . . .... 56 \sun () . . . . . . . . . . . . . 169 \svrexample () . . . . . . . 129
\succcurlyeq () . . .... 50 
\SunCloud ( ) . . . . . . . . 171 \svrphoton () . . . . . . . . 129
\succcurlyeq (<)
\succcurlyeq ()
.
.
.
.
.
.
...
...
48
55
\SunshineOpenCircled ( ) . . T svrsymbols (package)
232
128, 231,
. . . . . . . 141
\succcurlyeq () . . .... 53 \sup (sup) . . . . . . . . . . . 89 \Swarrow (w) . . . . . . ... 71
\succcurlyeq () . . .... 51 \supdsub () . . . . . . . . . 62 \Swarrow () . . . . . . ... 81
\succcurlyeq () . . .... 56 \supedot () . . . . . . . . . 62 \Swarrow () . . . . . . ... 76
\succdot () . . . . . .... 50 superscripts \Swarrow () . . . . . . ... 72
\succeq () . . . . . . .... 48 new symbols used in . 217 \Swarrow () . . . . . . ... 83
\succeq () . . . . . . .... 53 supersets . . . . . . . . . . . 5962 \swarrow () . . . . . . ... 71
\succeq () . . . . . . . .... 51 \suphsol () . . . . . . . . . 62 \swarrow () . . . . . . 70, 218
\succeq () . . . . . . .... 56 \suphsub () . . . . . . . . . 62 \swarrow () . . . . . . ... 76
\succeqq () . . . . . . .... 49 \suplarr () . . . . . . . . . 62 \swarrow () . . . . . . ... 72
\succeqq () . . . . . . .... 53 \supmult () . . . . . . . . . 62 \swarrow () . . . . . . ... 85
\succeqq () . . . . . .... 56 supremum . . . . . . . . see \sup \swarrow () . . . . . . ... 83
\succnapprox () . . .... 50 \Supset () . . . . . . . . . . 60 \swarrowtail (&) . . . ... 76
\succnapprox () . . .... 49 \Supset (c) . . . . . . . . . . 60 \swarrowtail (&) . . . ... 72
\succnapprox () . . .... 55 \Supset () . . . . . . . . . . 61 \swbkarrow (f) . . . . ... 76
\succnapprox () . . .... 54 \Supset () . . . . . . . . . . 61
\succnapprox () . . .... 52 \Supset () . . . . . . . . . . . 61 \Sweden () . . . . . . . . . . . 183
\succnapprox () . . .... 56 \Supset () . . . . . . . . . . 62 Swedo-Norwegian runes . . see
\succneq () . . . . . .... 50 \supset () . . . . . . . . . . 60 short-twig runes
\succneq () . . . . . . .... 54 \supset () . . . . . . . . . . 59 \swfilledspoon (v) . . . . 86
\succneq () . . . . . .... 56 \supset () . . . . . . . . . . 61 \swfootline (~) . . . . . . . 51
\succneqq () . . . . .... 49 \supset () . . . . . . . . . . . 61 \swfree () . . . . . . . . . . 51
\succneqq () . . . . . .... 55 \supset () . . . . . . . . . . 62 \swharpoonccw (F) . . . . . 75
\succneqq () . . . . . .... 54 \supsetapprox () . . . . . 62 \swharpooncw (N) . . . . . . 75
\succneqq () . . . . . .... 56 \supsetcirc () . . . . . . . 62 \swharpoonnw (N) . . . . . . 79
\succnsim () . . . . .... 50 \supsetdot () . . . . . . . . 62 \swharpoonse (F) . . . . . . 79
\succnsim () . . . . .... 49 \supseteq () . . . . . . . . 60 \Switzerland () . . . . . . . 183
\succnsim () . . . . . .... 55 \supseteq () . . . . . . . . 59 \swlcurvearrow () . . . . 77
\succnsim () . . . . . .... 54 \supseteq () . . . . . . . . . 61 \swlsquigarrow () . . . . 72
\succnsim () . . . . . .... 52 \supseteq () . . . . . . . . . 61 \swmapsto (.) . . . . . . . . 72
\succnsim () . . . . . .... 56 \supseteq () . . . . . . . . . 62 \swModels () . . . . . . . . 51
\succsim () . . . . . .... 50 \supseteqq () . . . . . . . . 60 \swmodels () . . . . . . . . 51
\succsim (%) . . . . . .... 48 \supseteqq (k) . . . . . . . 60 \swnearrows () . . . . . . 76
\succsim () . . . . . .... 55 \supseteqq () . . . . . . . . 61 \swnearrows () . . . . . . 72
\succsim () . . . . . . .... 53 \supseteqq () . . . . . . . . 61 \swnecurvearrow () . . . 77
\succsim () . . . . . . .... 51 \supseteqq () . . . . . . . . 61 \swneharpoons (^) . . . . . 79
\succsim () . . . . . .... 56 \supseteqq () . . . . . . . . 62 \swneharpoons (^) . . . . . 75
such that . . . . . . . . 214, 216 \supsetneq () . . . . . . . . 60 swords . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 170
(
\suchthat ) . . . . .... 216 \supsetneq ()) . . . . . . . 60 \swords () . . . . . . . . . . 183
\sum ( ) . . . . . . . . .... 39 \supsetneq () . . . . . . . . 61 \swpitchfork () . . . . . . 86
\sum () . . . . . . . . . .... 44 \supsetneq () . . . . . . . . 61 \swrcurvearrow () . . . . 77
\sum () . . . . . . . . . .... 43 \supsetneq () . . . . . . . . 61
\swrsquigarrow () . . . . 72
\sum ( ) . . . . . . . . . .... 45 \supsetneq () . . . . . . . . 62 \swspoon (n) . . . . . . . . . 86
\sumint () . . . . . . .... 44 \supsetneqq () . . . . . . . 60 \swswarrows (~) . . . . . . 76
\sumint () . . . . . . . .... 43 \supsetneqq (%) . . . . . . . 60 \swswarrows () . . . . . . 72
\sumint () . . . . . . .... 45 \supsetneqq () . . . . . . . 61 swung dash . . . . . . . see \sim
\sumintsl () . . . . . .... 46 \supsetneqq () . . . . . . . 61 \swVdash () . . . . . . . . . 51
\sumintup () . . . . . .... 46 \supsetneqq () . . . . . . . 61
\swvdash () . . . . . . . . . 51
\supsetneqq () . . . . . . . 62
\Summertree ( ) . . . .... 184 \syl (a) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23

\Summit ( ) . . . . . . .... 171
\supsetplus (E) . . . . . . . 60
\supsetplus () . . . . . . . 61
\syllabic (j) . . . . . . . . . 24

\SummitSign ( ) . . . .... 171
\symA ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . 119

\supsetplus () . . . . . . . 62
\Sun (@) . . . . . . . . . .... 123 \supsetpluseq (G) . . . . . 60 \symAE ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . 120
\Sun (s) . . . . . . . . .... 124 \supsetpluseq () . . . . . 61
\symB ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . 119
\Sun () . . . . . . . . . .... 122 \supsim () . . . . . . . . . . 62 \symbishop (B) . . . . . . . 175

\Sun ( ) . . . . . . . . .... 171 \supsub () . . . . . . . . . . 62 Symbol (font) . . . . . . 91, 214

325
symbols 14142, 152191, 193,
208, 209, 211, 213, 219,
224225, 227
actuarial . . . . . 107, 219
alpine . . . . . . . . . . . 171
ancient language 142151
annuity . . . . . . 107, 219
APL . . . 5657, 124, 125
astrological . . . 122124,
193195
astronomical . . 122124,
179, 193195
Begriffsschrift . . 112, 113
biological . . . . . . . . . 127
block-element . . . . . . 178
body-text . . . . . . . 1427
bold . . . . . . . . 224225
box-drawing . . . . . . . 178
chess . 174, 175, 209210
cipher . . . . . . . . . . . 179
clock . 169172, 185186
communication . . . . . 126
computer . . . . . 186189
computer hardware . . 125
contradiction . . . . 28, 88
cooking 183, 184, 186189
countries . . . . . . . . . 181
crystallography 207208
currency 25, 26, 117, 120
dangerous bend . . . . 169
database . . . . . . . . . 117
definition . . . . . . 28, 219
dictionary . . 1720, 177
dingbat . . . . . . 130141
dot . . . 14, 110112, 218
electrical . . . . . . . . . 121
engineering 117, 121, 127
Epi-Olmec . . . . 148150
life insurance . . 107, 219 \symknight (N) . . . . . . . 175
linear logic 2830, 34, 35,
\symOE ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . 120
39, 4344, 48, 59, 93, 94 \sympawn (p) . . . . . . . . . 175
linguistic . . . . . . . 1720 \symqueen (Q) . . . . . . . . 175
log-like . . . . . . . 89, 224 \symrook (R) . . . . . . . . . 175
logic . . . . . . . . . . . . 126
\symUE ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . 120
Magic: The Gathering 209 \SYN () . . . . . . . . . . . . . 126
magical signs . . . . . . 178
map . . . . . . . . 191192 T
maps . . . . . . . . . . . . 181 T (T) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 151
mathematical . . . 28120 \T . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
media control . . . . . 169, \T ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
a
186189 \T () . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 176
METAFONTbook . . . 169 \t (a)
 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
metrical . . . . . . 176, 177 \t () . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 176
miscellaneous . . 115118, t (t) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 151
141, 169186, 190 t4phonet (package) 20, 23, 231
monetary . . . 25, 26, 120 \Tab ( ) . . . . . . . . . 125
musical . . . 27, 152168, \tabcolsep . . . . . . . . . . . 215
185189 \tachyon () . . . . . . . . . . 129
non-commutative division tacks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48, 93
. . . . . . . 110 \taild () . . . . . . . . . . . 19
particle physics 128129 \tailinvr (H) . . . . . . . . . 19
Phaistos disk . . . . . . 142 \taill (0) . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
phonetic . . . . . . . 1720 \tailn (9) . . . . . . . . . . . 19
physical . . . . . . . . . . 121 \tailr (F) . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
Pitmans base 12 113, 173 \tails (L) . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
present value . . 107, 219 \tailt (P) . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
proto-Semitic . . . . . . 142 \tailz (_) . . . . . . . . . . . 19
pulse diagram . . . . . 121 \Takt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 154
recycling . 179, 180, 183, \talloblong (8) . . . . . . . 29
185189, 191 \talloblong (;) . . . . . . . 36
relational . . . . . . . . . 48 \talloblong () . . . . . . . 37
relational database . . 117 \tally (1 2 3 4 5 6) . . . 173
reversed . . . . . . . . . . 214 tally markers . . . 146, 171, 173
rotated . . 1719, 24, 214 \tan (tan) . . . . . . . . . . . . 89
runes . . . . . . . . . . . . 151 \tanh (tanh) . . . . . . . . . . 89
safety-related . . . . . . 127

extensible . 85, 104110,
122, 213, 219220
Feynman diagram . . . 128
file . . . . . . . . . . 186189
Frege logic . . 85, 94, 112,
113, 118
frown . . . . . . . . . . 87, 88
game-related . . 140, 141,
171, 172, 174176, 186
189, 208210
gates, digital logic . . 126
genealogical . . . . . . . 169
general . . . . . . . . . . 169
Go stones . . . . 175, 176
Halloween . . . . . 37, 110
information . . . . . . . 170
informator . . . . . . . . 174
inverted . . 1719, 24, 214
Isthmian . . . . . 148150
keyboard . . . . . . . . . 125
knitting . . . . . . . . . . 181
Knuths . . . . . . . . . . 169
laundry . . . . . . . . . . 170
legal . 14, 15, 26, 27, 227
letter-like 9395, 186189
scientific . . . . . 121129,
207208
semaphore . . . . 205207
Simpsons characters . 177
smile . . . . . . . . . . 87, 88
Soyombo . . . . . . . . . 180
spoon . . . . . . . . . 86, 87
staves . . . . . . . . . . . 178
subset and superset 5962
technological . . 121129
TEXbook . . . . . . . . . 169
transliteration . . . . . 20
upside-down . . 1719, 24,
214, 226
variable-sized 3948, 211,
213
weather . . . 171, 185186
Web . . . . . . . . 186189
yin-yang . . . . . 170, 183,
185186, 197
zodiacal 122124, 193195
symbols.tex (file) . . 211, 230,
231
\symC ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . 119
\symking (K) . . . . . . . . . 175
\Tape ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . 141
\Taschenuhr ( ) . . . . . . 171
Tate-Shafarevich group see sha
\Tau (T) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90
\tau ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90
\tauleptonminus () . . . 129
\tauleptonplus () . . . . 129
\Taurus (Q) . . . . . . . . . . 123
\Taurus (c) . . . . . . . . . . 124
\Taurus () . . . . . . . . . . 122
\taurus (]) . . . . . . . . . . 122
tautology . . . . . . . . see \top
\tauup () . . . . . . . . . . . . 91
\tccentigrade () . . . . . 113
\tcmu () . . . . . . . . . . . . 113
\tcohm () . . . . . . . . . . . 113
\tcpertenthousand () 113
\tcperthousand () . . . . 113
\td (a
..) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
\tddtstile ( ) ...... 58
\tdststile ( ) ....... 58
\tdtstile ( ) ....... 58
\tdttstile ( ) . . . . . . 58
technological symbols 121129

326
\Telefon (T) . . . . . . . . . 126
\Telephone ( ( ) . . . . . . 171
@
\Telephone ( ) . . . . . . . 180
Tennent, Bob . . . . . . . . . 28
tensor product . . see \otimes
\Tent ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . 171
\tenuto ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . 157
\Terminus () . . . . . . . . 176
\terminus () . . . . . . . . . 176
\Terminus* () . . . . . . . . 176
\terminus* () . . . . . . . . 176
\Terra (L) . . . . . . . . . . . 124
\tesh (Q) . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
testfont.dvi (file) . . . . . 223
testfont.tex (file) . 221, 223
\tetartemorion () . . . . . 26
teubner (package) 26, 112, 148,
177, 231, 232
TEX . . . . . . . . 12, 68, 69, 85,
111, 122, 178, 211, 214
221, 223, 224, 226, 228,
229, 233
.tex files . . . . . . . . 228, 229
TEXbook, The . 215, 217, 218,
220, 224
symbols from . . . . . . 169
\text . . . . . . . . 28, 216, 218
\textacutedbl () . . . . . 24
\textacutemacron ( a) . . . 21
\textacutewedge ( a) . . . . 21
\textadvancing (affi) . . . . . 21
\textAlpha () . . . . . . . . 15
\textalpha () . . . . . . . . 15
\textaolig (") . . . . . . . . 18
\textara . . . . . . . . . . . . 151
\textarc . . . . . . . . . . . . 151
\textarl . . . . . . . . . . . . 151
\textarm . . . . . . . . . . . . 151
\textarn . . . . . . . . . . . . 151
\textart . . . . . . . . . . . . 151
\textasciiacute () . 24, 227
\textasciibreve () . . . . 24
\textasciicaron () . . . . 24
\textasciicircum . . . . . . 14
\textasciicircum (^) 14, 226,
228
\textasciidieresis () . 24,
227
\textasciigrave (`) . . . . 24
\textasciimacron . . . . . . 226
\textasciimacron () 24, 227
\textasciitilde . . . . . . 14
\textasciitilde () 14, 226,
228
\textasteriskcentered (*) 14
\textasteriskcentered () 14
\textbabygamma () . . . . . 17
\textbackslash . . . . . . . 14
\textbackslash () . 225, 226
\textbaht () . . . . . . . . . 25
\textbar . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
\textbar (|) . . . . . . 225, 226
\textbarb (b) . . . . . . . . . 17
\textbarc (c) . . . . . . . . . 17
\textbard (d) . . . . . . . . . 17
\textbardbl () . . . . . . . 14
\textbardbl () . . . . . . . 14
\textbardotlessj () . . . 17
\textbarg (g) . . . . . . . . . 17
\textbarglotstop () . . . 17
\textbari (1) . . . . . . . . . 17
\textbarl () . . . . . . . . . 17
\textbaro (8) . . . . . . . . . 17
\textbarrevglotstop () 17
\textbaru (0) . . . . . . . . . 17
\textbeltl () . . . . . . . . 17
\textbenttailyogh (B) . . 18
\textBeta () . . . . . . . . . 15
\textbeta () . . . . . . . 15, 17
\textbigcircle () . . . . 14
\textbigcircle () . . . . 14
\textbktailgamma (.) . . . 18
\textblank () . . . . . . . . 27
\textblock ( ) . . . . . . . 178
\textborn (b) . . . . . . . . . 169
\textbottomtiebar (a <) . . 21
\textbraceleft . . . . . . . 14
\textbraceright . . . . . . 14
\textbrevemacron ( a) . . . 21
\textbrokenbar () . . 27, 227
\textbullet () . . . . . . . 14
\textbullet () . . . . 14, 228
\textbullseye () . . . . . 17
\textcelsius () . . 121, 229
\textceltpal ( ) . . . . . . . 17
\textcent () . . . . . . 25, 227
\textcentoldstyle () . . 25
\textChi () . . . . . . . . . 15
\textchi () . . . . . . . . 15, 17
\textcircled () . . . . . . 20
\textcircledP . . . . . . . . 26
\textcircledP () . . . . 26
\textcircumacute ( a) . . . 21
\textcircumdot ( a) . . . . . 21
\textcloseepsilon () . . 17
\textcloseomega () . . . . 17
\textcloserevepsilon () 17
\textcolonmonetary () . 25
\textcommatailz () . . . . 17
textcomp (package) . . . . . 12,
14, 15, 20, 2427, 70, 101,
117, 121, 152, 169, 211,
226, 228, 231
\textcopyleft . . . . . . . . 26
\textcopyleft () . . . . 26
\textcopyright () c . . 14, 26
\textcopyright () . 14, 26,
227
\textcorner (^) . . . . . . . . 17
\textcrb () . . . . . . . . . . 17
\textcrd () . . . . . . . . . . 20
\textcrd () . . . . . . . . . . 17
\textcrg (g) . . . . . . . . . . 17
\textcrh () . . . . . . . . . . 20
\textcrh () . . . . . . . . . . 17
\textcrinvglotstop () . 17
327
\textcrlambda () . . . . . 17
\textcrtwo (2) . . . . . . . . 17
\textctc (C) . . . . . . . . . . 17
\textctd () . . . . . . . . . . 17
\textctdctzlig () . . . . 17
\textctesh () . . . . . . . . 17
\textctinvglotstop (D) . 18
\textctj (J) . . . . . . . . . . 17
\textctjvar (2) . . . . . . . 18
\textctn () . . . . . . . . . . 17
\textctstretchc (%) . . . . 18
\textctstretchcvar (&) . 18
\textctt () . . . . . . . . . . 17
\textcttctclig (C) . . . . 17
\textctturnt (@) . . . . . . . 18
\textctyogh () . . . . . . . 17
\textctz () . . . . . . . . . . 17
\textcurrency () . . 25, 227
\textcypr . . . . . . . . . . . . 147
\textdagger () . . . . . . . 14
\textdagger () . . . . . . . 14
\textdaggerdbl () . . . . . 14
\textdaggerdbl () . . . . . 14

\textdbend ( ) . . . . . . . 169
\textdblhyphen (-) . . . . . 27
\textdblhyphenchar () . . 27
\textdblig ()) . . . . . . . 18
\textdctzlig (d) . . . . . . 17
\textdegree () . . . 117, 227
\textDelta () . . . . . . . 15
\textdelta () . . . . . . . . 15
\textdied (d) . . . . . . . . . 169
\textdiscount () . . . . . 27
\textdiv () . . . . . . . . . 117
\textdivorced (c) . . . . . 169
\textdkshade ( ) . . . . . 178
\textdnblock ( ) . . . . . 178
\textdollar ($) . . . . . . . 14
\textdollar ($) . . . . . 14, 25
\textdollaroldstyle () 25
\textdong () . . . . . . . . . 25
\textdotacute ( a) . . . . . 21
\textdotbreve (a) . . . . . 21
\textdoublebaresh (S) . . 17
\textdoublebarpipe (}) . 17
\textdoublebarpipevar (H) 18
\textdoublebarslash (= / ) 17
\textdoublegrave ( a) . . . 21
\textdoublegrave (a ) . . . 23
\textdoublepipe ({) . . . . 17
\textdoublepipevar (G) . 18
\textdoublevbaraccent ( a) 21
\textdoublevbaraccent (a ) 23
\textdoublevertline () 17
\textdownarrow () . . . . . 70
\textdownfullarrow () . 18
\textdownstep () . . . . . . 17
\textdyoghlig () . . . . . 17
\textdzlig (dz) . . . . . . . . 17
\texteightoldstyle () . 27
\textellipsis . . . . . . . . 14
\textemdash . . . . . . . . . . 14
\textendash . . . . . . . . . . 14
\textEpsilon () . . . . . . 15
\textepsilon () . . . . . . 20
\textepsilon () . . . . 15, 17
\textesh () . . . . . . . . . . 20
\textesh (S) . . . . . . . . . . 17
\textestimated () . . . . 27
\textEta () . . . . . . . . . 15
\texteta () . . . . . . . . . . 15
\texteuro () . . . . . . . . . 26
\texteuro () . . . . . . . . 25
\texteuro () . . . . . 25, 228
\textexclamdown . . . . . . 14
\textfallrise ( a) . . . . . 21
\textfemale (7) . . . . . . . 18
\textfishhookr (R) . . . . . 17
\textfiveoldstyle () . . 27
\textfjlig () . . . . . . . . 20
\textflorin () . . . . . . . . 25
\textfouroldstyle () . . 27
\textfractionsolidus () 117
\textfrak . . . . . . . . . . . . 119
\textfrbarn (5) . . . . . . . 18
\textfrhookd () . . . . . . 18
\textfrhookdvar (() . . . . 18
\textfrhookt (?) . . . . . . 18
\textfrtailgamma (-) . . . 18
\textg () . . . . . . . . . . . 18
\textGamma () . . . . . . . . 15
\textgamma () . . . . . . 15, 18
\textglobfall () . . . . . 18
\textglobrise () . . . . . 18
\textglotstop (P) . . . . . 17
\textglotstopvari (T) . . 18
\textglotstopvarii (U) . 18
\textglotstopvariii (V) 18
\textgoth . . . . . . . . . . . . 119
\textgravecircum ( a) . . . 21
\textgravedbl () . . . . . 24
\textgravedot ( a) . . . . . 21
\textgravemacron (` a) . . . 21
\textgravemid ( a) . . . . . 21
\textgreater . . . . . . . . . 14
\textgreater (>) . . 225, 226
textgreek (package) 15, 91, 231,
232
\textgrgamma (,) . . . . . . 18
\textguarani () . . . . . . 25
\texthalflength (;) . . . . 17
\texthardsign () . . . . . 17
\textheng (0) . . . . . . . . . 18
\texthighrise ( a) . . . . . 21
\texthmlig (4) . . . . . . . 18
\texthooktop (#) . . . . . . . 17
\texthtb () . . . . . . . . . . 20
\texthtb () . . . . . . . . . . 17
\texthtbardotlessj () . . 17
\texthtbardotlessjvar (3) 18
\texthtc () . . . . . . . . . . 20
\texthtc () . . . . . . . . . . 17
\texthtd () . . . . . . . . . 20
\texthtd () . . . . . . . . . . 17
\texthtg () . . . . . . . . . . 17
\texthth (H) . . . . . . . . . . 17
\texththeng () . . . . . . . 17
\texthtk () . . . . . . . . . . 20
\texthtk () . . . . . . . . . . 17
\texthtp () . . . . . . . . . . 20
\texthtp () . . . . . . . . . . 17
\texthtq () . . . . . . . . . . 17
\texthtrtaild () . . . . . 17
\texthtscg () . . . . . . . . 17
\texthtt () . . . . . . . . . . 20
\texthtt () . . . . . . . . . . 17
\texthvlig () . . . . . . . . 17
\textifsym . . . . . . . . . . . 121
\textinterrobang () . . . 27
\textinterrobangdown () 27
\textinvglotstop () . . . 17
\textinvomega (;) . . . . . 18
\textinvsca (p) . . . . . . . 18
\textinvscr (K) . . . . . . . 17
\textinvscripta (!) . . . . 18
\textinvsubbridge (a ) . . 21
\textIota () . . . . . . . . . 15
\textiota () . . . . . . . . . 20
\textiota () . . . . . . . 15, 17
\textKappa () . . . . . . . . 15
\textkappa () . . . . . . . . 15
\textknit . . . . . . . . . . . . 181
\textknit{2} (2 2) . . . . . 181
\textknit{3} (3 3) . . . . . 181
\textknit{4} (4 4) . . . . . 181
\textknit{5} (5 5) . . . . . 181
\textknit{6} (6 6) . . . . . 181
\textknit{7} (7 7) . . . . . 181
\textknit{8} (8 8) . . . . . 181
\textknit{9} (9 9) . . . . . 181
\textknit{"} (" ") . . . . . 181
\textknit{(} (( () . . . . . 181
\textknit{)} () )) . . . . . 181
\textknit{*} (* *) . . . . . 181
\textknit{-} (- -) . . . . . 181
\textknit{:} (: :) . . . . . 181
\textknit{;} (; ;) . . . . . 181
\textknit{<} (< <) . . . . . 181
\textknit{@} (@ @) . . . . . 181
\textknit{[} ([ [) . . . . . 181
\textknit{]} (] ]) . . . . . 181
\textknit{A} (A A) . . . . . 181
\textknit{a} (a a) . . . . . 181
\textknit{B} (B B) . . . . . 181
\textknit{b} (b b) . . . . . 181
\textknit{E} (E E) . . . . . 181
\textknit{F} (F F) . . . . . 181
\textknit{f} (f f) . . . . . 181
\textknit{H} (H H) . . . . . 181
\textknit{h} (h h) . . . . . 181
\textknit{I} (I I) . . . . . 181
\textknit{i} (i i) . . . . . 181
\textknit{J} (J J) . . . . . 181
\textknit{j} (j j) . . . . . 181
328
\textknit{L} (L L) . . . . . 181
\textknit{l} (l l) . . . . . 181
\textknit{M} (M M) . . . . . 181
\textknit{m} (m m) . . . . . 181
\textknit{O} (O O) . . . . . 181
\textknit{Q} (Q Q) . . . . . 181
\textknit{q} (q q) . . . . . 181
\textknit{R} (R R) . . . . . 181
\textknit{r} (r r) . . . . . 181
\textknit{S} (S S) . . . . . 181
\textknit{s} (s s) . . . . . 181
\textknit{T} (T T) . . . . . 181
\textknit{t} (t t) . . . . . 181
\textknit{U} (U U) . . . . . 181
\textknit{u} (u u) . . . . . 181
\textknit{V} (V V) . . . . . 181
\textknit{v} (v v) . . . . . 181
\textknit{W} (W W) . . . . . 181
\textknit{w} (w w) . . . . . 181
\textknit{X} (X X) . . . . . 181
\textknit{x} (x x) . . . . . 181
\textknit{Y} (Y Y) . . . . . 181
\textknit{y} (y y) . . . . . 181
\textknit{Z} (Z Z) . . . . . 181
\textknit{z} (z z) . . . . . 181
\textLambda () . . . . . . . 15
\textlambda () . . . . . 15, 17
\textlangle () . . . 101, 226
\textlbrackdbl () . . . . . 101
\textleaf (l) . . . . . . . . 169
\textleftarrow () . . . . 70
\textlengthmark (:) . . . . 17
\textless . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
\textless (<) . . . . 225, 226
\textlfblock ( ) . . . . . 178
\textlfishhookrlig (I) . 18
~
\textlhdbend ( ) . . . . . 169
\textlhookfour (#) . . . . . 18
\textlhookp (<) . . . . . . . 18
\textlhookt () . . . . . . . 17
\textlhti (1) . . . . . . . . . 18
\textlhtlongi () . . . . . . 17
\textlhtlongy () . . . . . 17
\textlinb . . . . . . . . 146, 147
\textlira () . . . . . . . . . 25
\textlnot () . . . . . 117, 227
\textlonglegr () . . . . . . 17
\textlooptoprevesh (>) . . 18
\textlowering (afl) . . . . . 21
\textlowrise ( a) . . . . . . 21
\textlptr () . . . . . . . . . 17
\textlquill () . . . . . . . 101
\textltailm (M) . . . . . . . 17
\textltailn () . . . . . . . 20
\textltailn () . . . . . . . 17
\textltilde () . . . . . . . 17
\textltshade ( ) . . . . . 178
\textlyoghlig () . . . . . 17
\textmarried (m) . . . . . . 169
\textmho () . . . . . . . . . 121 \textprimstress (") . . . . 17 \textrtailt () . . . . . . . 17
\textmicro () . . . . . . . . 15 \textproto . . . . . . . . . . . 142 \textrtailz () . . . . . . . 17
\textmidacute ( a) . . . . . 21 \textPsi () . . . . . . . . . 15 \textrtblock ( ) . . . . . 178
\textminus () . . . . . . . . 117 \textpsi () . . . . . . . . . . 15 \textrthook ($) . . . . . . . . 17
\textMu () . . . . . . . . . . 15 \textqplig (=) . . . . . . . 18 \textrthooklong () . . . . 18
\textmu () . . . . . . . 121, 227 \textquestiondown . . . . . 14 \textRubikUa (Ua ) . . 190
\textmu () . . . . . . . . . . . 15 \textquotedbl (") . . 16, 226
\textsarab . . . . . . . . . . . 148
\textmugreek () . . . . . . 15 \textquotedblleft . . . . . 14
\textsca () . . . . . . . . . . 17
\textmusicalnote () . . . 152 \textquotedblright . . . . 14
\textscaolig (q) . . . . . . 18
\textnaira () . . . . . . . . 25 \textquoteleft . . . . . . . 14
\textscb () . . . . . . . . . . 17
\textnineoldstyle () . . 27 \textquoteright . . . . . . 14
\textscdelta (r) . . . . . . 18
\textnrleg (6) . . . . . . . . 18 \textquotesingle (') 27, 226
\textsce () . . . . . . . . . . 17
\textNu () . . . . . . . . . . 15 \textquotestraightbase () .
\textscf (s) . . . . . . . . . . 18
\textnu () . . . . . . . . . . . 15 . . . . . . . . 27
\textscg () . . . . . . . . . . 17
\textnumero () . . . . . . . 27 \textquotestraightdblbase
\textsch () . . . . . . . . . . 17
\textObardotlessj () . . 17 () . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
\textschwa () . . . . . . . . 20
\textObullseye (9) . . . . 18 \textraiseglotstop () . 17
\textschwa (@) . . . . . . . . 17
\textohm () . . . . . . . . . 121 \textraisevibyi () . . . . 17
\textsci (I) . . . . . . . . . . 17
\textOlyoghlig () . . . . . 17 \textraising (afi) . . . . . . 21
\textscj () . . . . . . . . . . 17
\textOmega () . . . . . . . . 15 \textramshorns (7) . . . . . 17
\textsck (t) . . . . . . . . . . 18
\textomega () . . . . . . 15, 17 \textrangle () . . . 101, 226
\textscl () . . . . . . . . . . 17
\textOmikron () . . . . . . 15 \textrbrackdbl () . . . . . 101
\textscm (w) . . . . . . . . . 18
\textomikron () . . . . . . 15 \textrecipe () . . . . 27, 213
\textscn () . . . . . . . . . . 17
\textonehalf () . . 117, 227 \textrectangle () . . . . . 18
\textreferencemark () . 27, \textscoelig () . . . . . . 17
\textoneoldstyle . . . . . . 27 \textscomega () . . . . . . 17
\textoneoldstyle () . . . 27 28
\textregistered () r . 14, 26 \textscp (x) . . . . . . . . . . 18
\textonequarter () 117, 227 \textscq (y) . . . . . . . . . . 18
\textonesuperior () 117, 227 \textregistered () 14, 26,
227 \textscr () . . . . . . . . . . 17
\textopenbullet () . . . . 27 \textscripta (A) . . . . . . 17
\textopencorner (_) . . . . 17 \textretracting (affl) . . . . 21
\textretractingvar () . 18 \textscriptg (g) . . . . . . 17
\textopeno () . . . . . . . . 20 \textscriptv () . . . . . . . 20
\textopeno (O) . . . . . . . . 17 \textrevapostrophe (\) . . 17
\textreve (9) . . . . . . . . . 17 \textscriptv (V) . . . . . . 17
\textordfeminine (a ) . . . 14 \textscu () . . . . . . . . . . 17
\textordfeminine () 14, 227 \textrevepsilon (3) . 17, 214
\textreversedvideodbend \textscy (Y) . . . . . . . . . . 17
\textordmasculine (o ) . . 14 \textseagull (a) . . . . . . 21
\textordmasculine () 14, 227 ( ) . . . . . . . . . . 169 \textsecstress () . . . . . 17
(
\textovercross a) . . . . . 21 \textrevglotstop (Q) . . . 17 \textsection () . . . . . . 151
\textoverw (a) . . . . . . . . 21 \textrevscl (v) . . . . . . . 18 \textsection (S) . . . . . . 14
\textpalhook (%) . . . . . . . 17 \textrevscr (z) . . . . . . . 18 \textsection () . . . . . . 14
\textpalhooklong () . . . 18 \textrevyogh () . . . . . . 17 \textservicemark . . . . . . 26
\textpalhookvar () . . . . 18 \textRho () . . . . . . . . . 15 \textservicemark () . . . 26
\textparagraph () . . . . 14 \textrho () . . . . . . . . . . 15 \textsevenoldstyle () . 27
\textparagraph () . . . . 14 \textrhooka ( ) . . . . . . . 18 \textSFi ( ) . . . . . . . . . . 178
\textperiodcentered () . 14 \textrhooke (*) . . . . . . . 18 \textSFii ( ) . . . . . . . . . 178
\textperiodcentered () . 14, \textrhookepsilon (+) . . 18 \textSFiii ( ) . . . . . . . . 178
227 \textrhookopeno (:) . . . . 18 \textSFiv ( ) . . . . . . . . . 178
\textpertenthousand (%) 14 \textrhookrevepsilon () 17 \textSFix ( ) . . . . . . . . . 178
\textpertenthousand () 14 \textrhookschwa () . . . . 17 \textSFl ( ) . . . . . . . . . . 178
\textperthousand (%) . . 14 \textrhoticity (~) . . . . . 18 \textSFli ( ) . . . . . . . . . 178
\textperthousand () . . 14, \textrightarrow () . . . 70 \textSFlii ( ) . . . . . . . . 178
228 \textringmacron ( a) . . . . 21 \textSFliii ( ) . . . . . . . 178
\textpeso () . . . . . . . . . 25 \textrisefall (a) . . . . . 21 \textSFliv ( ) . . . . . . . . 178
\textPhi () . . . . . . . . . 15 \textroundcap (a) . . . . . 21 \textSFv ( ) . . . . . . . . . . 178
\textphi () . . . . . . . . 15, 17 \textrptr () . . . . . . . . . 18 \textSFvi ( ) . . . . . . . . . 178
\textPi () . . . . . . . . . . 15 \textrquill () . . . . . . . 101 \textSFvii ( ) . . . . . . . . 178
\textpi () . . . . . . . . . . . 15 \textrtaild () . . . . . . . 20 \textSFviii ( ) . . . . . . . 178
\textpilcrow () . . . . . . 27 \textrtaild () . . . . . . . 18 \textSFx ( ) . . . . . . . . . . 178
\textpipe (|) . . . . . . . . . 20 \textrtailhth (/) . . . . . 18 \textSFxi ( ) . . . . . . . . . 178
\textpipe (|) . . . . . . . . . 17 \textrtaill () . . . . . . . . 18 \textSFxix ( ) . . . . . . . . 178
\textpipevar (F) . . . . . . . 18 \textrtailn () . . . . . . . 17 \textSFxl ( ) . . . . . . . . . 178
\textpm () . . . . . . 117, 227 \textrtailr () . . . . . . . 17 \textSFxli ( ) . . . . . . . . 178
\textpmhg . . . . . . . . . . . . 143 \textrtails () . . . . . . . 17 \textSFxlii ( ) . . . . . . . 178
\textpolhook (a ) . . . . . . 21 \textrtailt () . . . . . . . 20 \textSFxliii ( ) . . . . . . 178

329
\textSFxliv ( ) . . . . . . . 178
\textSFxlix ( ) . . . . . . . 178
\textSFxlv ( ) . . . . . . . . 178
\textSFxlvi ( ) . . . . . . . 178
\textSFxlvii ( ) . . . . . . 178
\textSFxlviii ( ) . . . . . 178
\textSFxx ( ) . . . . . . . . . 178
\textSFxxi ( ) . . . . . . . . 178
\textSFxxii ( ) . . . . . . . 178
\textSFxxiii ( ) . . . . . . 178
\textSFxxiv ( ) . . . . . . . 178
\textSFxxv ( ) . . . . . . . . 178
\textSFxxvi ( ) . . . . . . . 178
\textSFxxvii ( ) . . . . . . 178
\textSFxxviii ( ) . . . . . 178
\textSFxxxix ( ) . . . . . . 178
\textSFxxxvi ( ) . . . . . . 178
\textSFxxxvii ( ) . . . . . 178
\textSFxxxviii ( ) . . . . . 178
\textshade ( ) . . . . . . . 178
\textSigma () . . . . . . . . 15
\textsigma () . . . . . . . . 15
\textsixoldstyle () . . . 27
\textsoftsign () . . . . . . 17
\textspleftarrow () . . . 18
\textsterling ($) . . . . . 14
\textsterling ($) . . . 14, 25
\textstretchc () . . . . . 17
\textstretchcvar ($) . . . 18
\textstyle . . . . 217, 218, 224
\textsubacute (a) . . . . . 21
\textsubarch (a) . . . . . . 21
\textsubbar (a) . . . . . . . 21
\textsubbridge (a ) . . . . . 21
\textsubcircum (a) . . . . . 21
\textsubdot (a) . . . . . . . 21
\textsubdoublearrow () 18
\textsubgrave (a) . . . . . 21
(a) . . 21
\textsublhalfring
\textsubplus (aff) . . . . . . 21
\textsubrhalfring (a ) . . 21
\textsubrightarrow () . 18
\textsubring (a) . . . . . . 21
\textsubsquare(a ) . . . . . 22
\textsubtilde (a) . . . . . 22
\textsubumlaut (a) . . . . . 22
) . . . . . . . . . 22
\textsubw (a
\textsubwedge (a) . . . . . 22
\textsuperimposetilde (a
&) 22
\textsuperscript . . . . . . 23
\textsurd () . . . . . . . . . 117
\textswab . . . . . . . . . . . . 119
\textsyllabic (a) . . . . . 22
\textTau () . ". . . . . . . . 15
\texttau () . . . . . . . . . . 15
\texttctclig (tC) . . . . . . 17
\textteshlig () . . . . . . 20
\textteshlig () . . . . . . 17
\textTheta () . . . . . . . . 15
\texttheta () . . . . . . 15, 17
\textthing (N) . . . . . . . . 170
\textthorn () . . . . . . . . 17
\textthornvari (P) . . . . . 18
\textthornvarii (Q) . . . . 18
\textthornvariii (R) . . . 18
\textthornvariv (S) . . . . 18
\textthreeoldstyle () . 27
\textthreequarters () 117,
227
\textthreequartersemdash
() . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
\textthreesuperior () 117,
227
\texttildedot ( a) . . . . . 22
\texttildelow (~) . . 27, 226
\texttimes () . . . . . . . . 117
\texttoneletterstem () . 17
\texttoptiebar (> a) . . . . . 22
\texttrademark (TM ) . 14, 26
\texttrademark () . 14, 26,
228
\texttslig () . . . . . . . . 17
\textturna (5) . . . . . . . . 17
\textturncelig () . . . . 17
\textturnglotstop (E) . . 18
\textturnh (4) . . . . . . . . 17
\textturnk () . . . . . . . . 17
\textturnlonglegr () . . 17
\textturnm (W) . . . . . . . 17
\textturnmrleg () . . . . 17
\textturnr () . . . . . . . . 17
\textturnrrtail () . . . . 17
\textturnsck (u) . . . . . . 18
\textturnscripta (6) . . . 17
\textturnscu ({) . . . . . . 18
\textturnt () . . . . . . . . 17
\textturnthree (C) . . . . . 18
\textturntwo (A) . . . . . . 18
\textturnv (2) . . . . . . . . 17
\textturnw () . . . . . . . . 17
\textturny (L) . . . . . . . . 17
\texttwelveudash () . . . 27
\texttwooldstyle . . . . . . 27
\texttwooldstyle () . . . 27
\texttwosuperior () 117, 227
\textuncrfemale (8) . . . . 18
\textunderscore . . . . . . 14
\textuparrow () . . . . . . 70
\textupblock ( ) . . . . . 178
\textupfullarrow () . . . 18
\textUpsilon () . . . . . . 15
\textupsilon () . . . . 15, 17
\textupstep () . . . . . . . 17
\textvbaraccent ( a) . . . . 22
\textvbaraccent (a ) . . . . 23
\textvertline () . . . . . . 17
\textvibyi () . . . . . . . . 17
\textvibyy () . . . . . . . . 18
\textvisiblespace . . . . . 14
\textwon () . . . . . . . . . 25
\textwynn () . . . . . . . . . 18
\textXi () . . . . . . . . . . 15
\textxi () . . . . . . . . . . . 15
\textxswdown (U) . . . . . . 170
\textxswup (T) . . . . . . . 170
\textyen () . . . . . . 25, 227
330
\textyogh () . . . . . . . . . 20
\textyogh (Z) . . . . . . . . . 18
\textzerooldstyle () . . 27
\textZeta () . . . . . . . . . 15
\textzeta () . . . . . . . . . 15
.tfm files . . 12, 191, 211, 229
tfrupee (package) 26, 231, 232
\TH () . . . . . . . . . . . 15, 227
\th () . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 151
\th () . . . . . . . . . . . 15, 227
Thanh, Han Th ^e . . . . . . . 219
\therefore (6) . . . . . . . . 50
\therefore () . . . . . 48, 111
\therefore () . . . . . . . . 55
\therefore () . . . . . . . . 111
\therefore () . . . . . . . . 111
\therefore () . . . . . . . . 112
\Thermo . . . . . . . . . . . . . 171
\thermod () . . . . . . . . . . 117
\Theta () . . . . . . . . . . . 90
\theta () . . . . . . . . . . . 90
\thetaup () . . . . . . . . . . 91
\thething (N) . . . . . . . . 170
\thickapprox () . . . . . . 48
\thickapprox () . . . . . . 55
\thickapprox () . . . . . . 53
\thickapprox () . . . . . . 56
\thicksim () . . . . . . . . 48
\thicksim () . . . . . . . . 55
\thicksim () . . . . . . . . . 53
\thicksim () . . . . . . . . . 56
\thickvert (~) . . . . . . . . 97
thin space . . . . . . . . . . . . 224

\ThinFog ( ) . . . . . . . . . 171
\thinstar () . . . . . . . . . 35
\third (3) . . . . . . . . . . . 116
thirty-second note see musical
symbols
\thirtysecondNote ( Z ) . . 155


\thirtysecondNoteDotted ( Z )
. . . . . . . 155
\thirtysecondNoteDottedDouble


( Z ) . . . . . . . . . . . 155
\thirtysecondNoteDottedDoubleDown
Z
(
) . . . . . . . . . . . 155
\thirtysecondNoteDottedDown
Z
(
) . . . . . . . . . . . . 155
Z
\thirtysecondNoteDown ( ) . .
. . . . . . . 155
\Thorn () . . . . . . . . . . . 19
\thorn (p) . . . . . . . . . . . 19
\thorn (B) . . . . . . . . . . . 19
\thorn () . . . . . . . . . . . 19
thousandths . . . . . . . . . . see
\textperthousand
\threeBeamedQuavers ( Z Z Z) .
. . . . . . . 155
\threeBeamedQuaversI ( Z Z Z )
. . . . . . . 155
\threeBeamedQuaversII
( Z Z Z) . . . . . . . . . 155
\threeBeamedQuaversIII \topsemicircle () . . . . 138 \triangleq (,) . . . . . 28, 67
( Z Z Z) . . . . . . . . . 155 torus (T) see alphabets, math \triangleq () . . . . . . . . 55
\threedangle () . . . . . . 115 \tosa () . . . . . . . . . . . . 83 \triangleq () . . . . . . . . 69
\threedotcolon () . . . . 33 \ToTop () . . . . . . . . . . . 169 \triangleq () . . . . . . . . 68
\threesim (
) . . . . . . . . 216 \towa () . . . . . . . . . . . . 83 \triangleq () . . . . . . . . 69
thumb pizzicato . . . . . . . . see
\lilyThumb
\tplus () . . . . . . . . . . . 33
\TR (\
) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125
4
\TriangleRight ( ) . . . . 139
\triangleright () . . . . 67
tick . . . . . . . see check marks trademark . . . 14, 26, 227, 228 \triangleright () . . . . . 29
\triangleright () . . 69, 137
\tieinfty () . . . . . . . . 114 registered . . . 14, 26, 227
Tik Z (package) . 184186, 190 \TransformHoriz ( ) . . 59 \triangleright () . . 36, 69


tikzsymbols (package) 184, 185, transforms . . . . . . . . 59, 109 \triangleright () . . . . 68
231, 232
\TransformVert ( ) . . . . 59 \trianglerightblack () 138
tilde 14, 17, 19, 2122, 24, 27,
transliteration . . . . . . . 20, 24 \trianglerighteq () . . 67
102, 104, 107, 219, 226
semitic . . . . . . . . . 20, 24 \trianglerighteq (D) . . 67
extensible . . . . 104, 107
transliteration symbols . . 20 \trianglerighteq () . . . 69
vertically centered . . 226
transpose . . . . . . . . . . . . 29 \trianglerighteq () . . . 69
\tilde ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . 103
transversal intersection . . see \trianglerighteq () . 64, 68
\tilde () . . . . . . . 102, 219
\pitchfork \trianglerighteq () . . . 69
\tildel (-) . . . . . . . . . . 19
\trapezium () . . . . . . . 138 \trianglerighteqslant (Q) 67
time of day . . . . . . . 171, 172
\trianglerighteqslant () 69
time signatures . . . . . . . . 156
\trebleclef ( G) . . . . . 153 triangles 115, 124, 126, 136140,
\timelimit (T) . . . . . . . 174
162166, 175, 176, 191
\times () . . . . . . . . . . . 29
trees . . . . . . . . . . . . 184, 209 192, 207208
\times (z) . . . . . . . . . . . 32
trema (a) . . . . . . see accents \triangles () . . . . . . . 138
\times () . . . . . . . . . . . 31
trfsigns (package) . 59, 94, 109, \triangleserifs () . . . 37
\times () . . . . . . . . . . . 31
231 \triangletimes () . . . . 37
\times () . . . . . . . . . . . 33
\triangleubar () . . . . 138
n) . . . . . . 139
Times Roman (font) . 25, 213 \triangle () . . . . . . . . 115
\triangle () . . . . . . 36, 69 \TriangleUp (

\timesbar () . . . . . . . . . 31
\timesbar () . . . . . . . . . 33 \triangle ( ) . . . . . . . . 176 \TriangleUp (1) . . . . . . 139
timing (package) . . . . . . . 121 \triangle () . . . . . . . . 68 \TriangleUp (n vs. 1) . . 212
tipa (package) . 17, 18, 2023, \triangle () . . . . . 37, 138 \Tribar ( ) . . . . . . . ... 185
214, 231 triangle relations . . . . . 6769 \trident ( ) . . . . . . . ... 184
tipx (package) . . . . . . 18, 231 \trianglecdot () . . . . 138
o
\Tmesonminus () . . . . . 129
E
\trill ( ) . . . . . . . . ... 153
\TriangleDown ( ) . . . . . 139 \Trine (u) . . . . . . . . ... 124
\Tmesonnull () . . . . . . 129
3
\TriangleDown ( ) . . . . . 139 \triple . . . . . . . . . . ... 101
\Tmesonplus () . . . . . . 129
\tminus () . . . . . . . . . . 33 o 3
\TriangleDown ( vs. ) 212 \triplebar (#) . . . . .
\triplecovbond ()
.
.
..
..
151
129
\triangledown (O) . . . . . 115
\tndtstile ( ) . . . . . . 58 \triplecross (&) . . . ... 151
\triangledown () . . . . . 137
\tnststile ( ) . . . . . . . 58 \triangledown () . . . 36, 69 \tripledot (;) . . . . . ... 151
\tntstile ( ) . . . . . . . 58 \triangledown () . . . . . 68 \tripleeye (>) . . . . . ... 151
\triangledown () . . . . . 138 \triplefrown () . . . ... 87
\tnttstile ( ) . . . . . . 58
\triangleeq () . . . . . . . 69 \tripleplus (-) . . . . ... 151
\to . . . . . . . see \rightarrow
\triangleeq () . . . . . . . 68 \tripleplus () . . . . ... 33
\to () . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77
\ToBottom () . . . . . . . . . 169 2
\TriangleLeft ( ) . . . . . 139
\triplesim () . . . . .
\triplesim () . . . . .
.
.
..
..
53
51
\toea () . . . . . . . . . . . . 83 \triangleleft () . . . . . 67
\triplesmile () . . . ... 87
\tona () . . . . . . . . . . . . 83 \triangleleft () . . . . . 29
\triangleleft () . . 69, 137
\trprime () . . . . . . ... 114
\tone . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
\trslash () . . . . . . ... 33
\Tongey ( ) . . . . . . . . . . 184 \triangleleft () . . . 36, 69
\top () . . . . . . . 29, 93, 217 trsym (package) . . . . . 59, 231
\triangleleft () . . . . . 68
\top () . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94 \tsbm ( ) . . . . . . . . . ... 176
\triangleleftblack () 138
\top () . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93 \trianglelefteq () . . . 67 \tsdtstile ( ) . . . . . . 58
\top () . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94 \trianglelefteq (E) . . . 67 \tsmb ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . 176

\topborder ( ) . . . . . . . 176 \trianglelefteq () . . . 69
\trianglelefteq () . . . . 69
\tsmm ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . 176
\tsststile ( ) . . . . . . . 58
) . . . . .
\topbot ( . 217, 218
\topbot () . . . . . . . . . . 94 \trianglelefteq () . . 64, 68 \Tsteel () . . . . . . . . . . 127
\Topbottomheat (
) . . . . 183 \trianglelefteq () . . . . 69 \tststile ( ) ....... 58
\topcir () . . . . . . . . . . . 117 \trianglelefteqslant (P) 67
\tsttstile ( ) ...... 58
\topdoteq () . . . . . . . . 50 \trianglelefteqslant () 69
\topfork () . . . . . . . . . . 55 \triangleminus () . . . . 37 \ttdtstile ( ) ...... 58
\topfork () . . . . . . . . . . 56 \triangleodot () . . . . 138 \ttimes (() . . . . . . . . . . 32
\Topheat () . . . . . . . . . 183 \triangleplus () . . . . 37 \TTsteel () . . . . . . . . . 127

331
\ttststile ( ) ....... 58 \typecolon () . . . . . . . . 33 \underbrace (loomoon) . . . . 106
Type 1 (font) . . . . . . . . . 223 \underbrace ( ) . . . . . . 105
\tttstile ( ) ....... 58
\underbrace ( ) . . . . . . . 105

\ttttstile ( ) ...... 58 U
U (U) . . . . . . . . . . . . ... 151 \underbrace ( ) . . . . . 106
TUGboat . . . . . . . . 104, 233
\U (a) . . . . . . . . . . . . ... 24
\Tumbler () . . . . .. . . . 170 \underbrace ( ) . . . 105
) . . . . . . . . . . . .
\U (a ... 20
D
\turn () . . . . . . . . .. . . . 153
\U (
a) . . . . . . . . . . . . ... 20 \underbrace ( ) . . . . . 104
\turnangle () . . . .. . . . 115
\u (a) . . . . . . . . . . . . ... 20
\turnedbackneg () . . . . 116 \underbracket ( ) . . . . . 106
u (u) . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... 151
\turnediota () . . . . . . . 92
\UA (^) . . . . . . . . . . . ... 125 \underbracket ( ) . . . 105
\turnedneg () . . . . . . . . 116
\UArrow ( ) . . . . . ... 125
\turnednot () . . . . . . . . 117 \underbracket ( ) . 219, 220
\UB (<) . . . . . . . . . . . ... 154
turnstile (package) . . . 58, 231 \underdots (r) . . . . . . . . 24
\TwelweStar ( ) .J . . . . . 135
\ubar (u) . . . . . . . . .
\ubarbbrevis () . .
.
.
..
..
19
177 \undergroup (looo n) . . . . . 106
twiddle . . . . . . . . . . see tilde \ubarbrevis () . . . . ... 177 \undergroup ( ) . . . . . . . 105
\twoBeamedQuavers ( C C ) . 155 \ubarsbrevis () . . ... 177
\undergroup ( ) . . . . . . 105
\twocaps () . . . . . . . . . 33 \ubrbrak () . . . . . . ... 117
\twocups () . . . . . . . . . 33 \ubrevislonga () . . ... 177 \underleftarrow ( ) . . . . 105
\twoheaddownarrow (
) . . 81 ubulb.fd (file) . . . . . ... 223
(
\twoheaddownarrow () . . 76 ucs (package) . . . . . . . ... 229
\underleftarrow ) 85, 104
\underleftharp () . . . . . 85
\twoheaddownarrow () . . 72 \udesc (u) . . . . . . . . ... 19
\twoheaddownarrow () . . 83 udingbat.fd (file) . . . ... 199 \underleftharpdown () . 85
\twoheadleftarrow () . 70 \udot () . . . . . . . . . . ... 30 \underleftharpoon ( ) . . 105

\twoheadleftarrow () . 81 \udotdot () . . . . . . . 31, 111 \underleftrightarrow ( ) 105
\twoheadleftarrow () . 76 \udotdot () . . . . . . . 31, 111 \underleftrightarrow ( ) .

\twoheadleftarrow () . 73 \udots () . . . . . . . . ... 111 . . . . . . 85, 104
\twoheadleftarrow () . 83 \udots () . . . . . . . . ... 111 \underleftswishingghost ( )
\twoheadleftarrowtail () . \udtimes (]) . . . . . . ... 33
. . . . . . . 110
. . . . . . . . 83 \UHORN () . . . . . . . . ... 16
\underleftwitchonbroom ( )
\twoheadleftdbkarrow () 83 \uhorn () . . . . . . . . ... 16
\twoheadmapsfrom () . . 83 \ularc () . . . . . . . . ... 117 . . . . . . . 110
\twoheadmapsto () . . . . 83 \ulblacktriangle () .. 138 \underleftwitchonbroom*
\twoheadnearrow () . . . 76 \ulcorner (x) . . . . . . ... 95 ( ) . . . . . . . . . . 110

\twoheadnearrow () . . . 73 \ulcorner (p) . . . . . . ... 95
\ulcorner () . . . . . .
underline . . . 14, 28, 104, 107
\twoheadnwarrow () . . . 76 ... 95
\underline ( ) . . . . . . . . 104
\twoheadnwarrow () . . . 73
\ulcorner () . . . . . . . . . 98 \underlinesegment ( ) . 105
\twoheadrightarrow () 70
z
x
\twoheadrightarrow () . 81 \underlinesegment ( ) . . 105
\twoheadrightarrow () 76 \ulcorner () . . . . . . . . . 97 \underparen ( ) . . . 105
\twoheadrightarrow () 73
\twoheadrightarrow () . 83 \ulcorner () . . . . . . . . . 95 \underparenthesis ( ) 219,
\twoheadrightarrowtail () 220
\ullcorner (S) . . . . . . . . 98
. . . . . . . . 83 \underrightarrow ( ) . . . 105
\twoheadsearrow () . . . 76
\underrightarrow (
) 85, 104
\twoheadsearrow () . . . 73 \ullcorner (6) . . . . . . . . 97
\underrightharp () . . . . 85
\twoheadswarrow () . . . 76
\twoheadswarrow () . . . 73 \ulrcorner (Y) . . . . . . . . 98 \underrightharpdown () 85
\twoheaduparrow ( ) . . . . 81 \underrightharpoon ( ) . 105
\underrightswishingghost
\twoheaduparrow () . . . . 76 \ulrcorner (;) . . . . . . . . 97
\twoheaduparrow () . . . . 73 ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . 110
\twoheaduparrow () . . . . 83 ulsy (package) 34, 88, 214, 231 \underrightwitchonbroom
\twoheaduparrowcircle () 83 \ultriangle () . . . . . . . 138 ( ) . . . . . . . . . . 110

\twoheadwhiteuparrow (*) 81 a) . . . . . . . . . . . . 154
\Umd ( \underrightwitchonbroom*
\twoheadwhiteuparrowpedestal \uminus () . . . . . . . . . . 33 ( ) . . . . . . . . . . 110
(+) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81 umlaut (a) . . . . . see accents

\twonotes () . . . . . . . . 152 umranda (package) . . 197, 231 \underring (y) . . . . . . . . 24

\twonotes () . . . . . . . . . 152
txfonts (package) . . . . . . . 28,
30, 41, 49, 60, 63, 71, 88,
9193, 115, 119, 140, 211,
213, 226, 231
type1cm (package) . . . . . . 211
umrandb (package) . . 198, 231
unary operators . . . . . . . . 28
\unclear (k) . . . . . . . . . 174
\underaccent . . . . . . . . . 219
\underarc (a
) . . . . . . . . . 23
\underarch (a) . . . . . . . . 22
underscore . . . see underline
underscore (package) . . . . 14
\underscriptleftarrow (
) .
. . . . . . . 109
\underscriptleftrightarrow
(
) . . . . . . . . . . . 109

332
\underscriptrightarrow (
) \Updownarrow () . . . . 70, 96
. . . . . . . 109
\underset . . . . . . . . . . . . 215
undertilde (package) . 107, 231
\undertilde (|) . . . . . . . 24
\underwedge (}) . . . . . . . 24
Unicode . . . 12, 178, 228230
union . . . . . . . . . . . see \cup
unit disk (D) . . see alphabets,
math
\unitedpawns (u) . . . . . . 174
units (package) . . . . . . . . 117
unity (1) see alphabets, math
universa (package) . . 140, 170,
231
\unlhd (E) . . . . . . . . . 29, 30
\unlhd () . . . . . . . . . . . 66
\unlhd () . . . . . . . . . 64, 68
\unlhd () . . . . . . . . . . . 33
\unrhd (D) . . . . . . . . . 29, 30
\unrhd () . . . . . . . . . . . 66
\unrhd () . . . . . . . . . 64, 68
\unrhd () . . . . . . . . . . . 33
\upalpha () . . . . . . . . . 91
\upand () . . . . . . . . . . . 33
\UParrow (K) . . . . . . . . . . 169
\Uparrow () . . . . . . . . 70, 96
\Uparrow () . . . . . . . . . . 76
\Uparrow ( ) . . . . . . . . 98
\Uparrow () . . . . . . . . . . 73
\Uparrow () . . . . . . . . . 83
\Uparrow ( ) . . . . . . . . 100
\uparrow () . . . . 70, 96, 211
\uparrow ( ) . . . . . . . . . 98
\uparrow () . . ........ 76
\uparrow () . . ........ 73
\uparrow () . . ........ 85
\uparrow (
) . ..... . . . 100
\uparrow () . . ..... . . . 83
\uparrowbarred () . . . . . 83
\uparrowoncircle () . . 138
\uparrowtail (!) . . . . . . 76
\uparrowtail (!) . . . . . . 73
\upAssert () . . . . . . . . 53
\upassert () . . . . . . . . 53
\upbackepsilon () . . . . . 92
\upbar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
\upbeta () . . . . . . . . . . 91
\upbkarrow () . . . . . . . . 76
\upblackarrow (/) . . . . . . 81
\upblackspoon (m) . . . . . 87

\upbow () . . . . . . . . . . . . 153
\upbowtie () . . . . . . . 31, 32
\upbracketfill . . . . . . . 220
\upchi () . . . . . . . . . . . 91
\updasharrow (") . . . . . . 81
\updasharrow () . . . . . . 83
\Updelta () . . . . . . . . . 91
\updelta () . . . . . . . . . . 91
\Updownarrow () . . . . . . 76
\Updownarrow ( ) . . . . . 99
\Updownarrow () . . . . . . 73
\Updownarrow () . . . . . . 83
\Updownarrow (
) . . . . . 100
\updownarrow () . . . . 70, 96
\updownarrow ( ) . . . . . 99
\updownarrow () . . . . . . 76
\updownarrow () . . . . . . 73
\updownarrow () . . . . . . 85
\updownarrow (
) . . . . . . 100
\updownarrow () . . . . . . 83
\updownarrowbar () . . . . 81
\updownarrowbar () . . . . 83
\updownarrows () . . . . . 71
\updownarrows () . . . . . 76
\updownarrows () . . . . . 73
\updownarrows () . . . . . 83
\updownblackarrow (2) . . 81
\updowncurvearrow () . . 77
\updownharpoonleftleft () .
. . . . . . . . 84
\updownharpoonleftright ()
. . . . . . . . 79
\updownharpoonleftright (Q)
. . . . . . . . 75
\updownharpoonleftright ()
. . . . . . . . 84
\updownharpoonrightleft ()
. . . . . . . . 79
\updownharpoonrightleft (U)
. . . . . . . . 75
\updownharpoonrightleft ()
. . . . . . . . 84
\updownharpoonrightright ()
. . . . . . . . 84
\updownharpoons () . . . . 72
\updownharpoons () . . . 79
\updownharpoons () . . . . 75
\updownharpoonsleftright
() . . . . . . . . . . . . 79
\updownharpoonsleftright
() . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84
\Updownline () . . . . . . . 51
\updownline () . . . . . . . 51
\updownsquigarrow () . . 77
\updownwavearrow () . . . 76
\updownwhitearrow (,) . . 81
\upepsilon () . . . . . . . . 91
\upeta () . . . . . . . . . . . 91
\upfilledspoon (q) . . . . . 86
\upfishtail () . . . . . . . 56
\upfootline (y) . . . . . . . 51
\upfree () . . . . . . . . . . 51
\Upgamma () . . . . . . . . . . 91
\upgamma () . . . . . . . . . 91
upgreek (package) 15, 91, 231
\upharpoonccw () . . . . . . 75
333
\upharpooncw () . . . . . . 75
\upharpoonleft () . . . . . 72
\upharpoonleft () . . . . . 70
\upharpoonleft () . . . . . 81
\upharpoonleft () . . . . . 79
\upharpoonleft () . . . . . 84
\upharpoonleftbar () . . 84
\upharpoonright () . . . . 72
\upharpoonright () . . . . 70
\upharpoonright () . . . . 81
\upharpoonright () . . . . 79
\upharpoonright () . . . . 84
\upharpoonrightbar () . 84
\upharpoonsleftright () 84
\upin () . . . . . . . . . . . . 56
upint (stix package option) 38,
45, 47
\upint () . . . . . . . . . . . . 45
\upintsl () . . . . . . . . . . 47
\upintup () . . . . . . . . . . 47
\upiota () . . . . . . . . . . . 91
\upkappa () . . . . . . . . . 91
\Uplambda () . . . . . . . . 91
\uplambda () . . . . . . . . . 91
\uplcurvearrow () . . . . . 77
\upleftcurvedarrow () 77
\uplett . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
\uplsquigarrow () . . . . . 77
\uplsquigarrow () . . . . . 73
\uplus (Z) . . . . . . . . . . . 30
\uplus () . . . . . . . . . . . 29
\uplus () . . . . . . . . . . . 32
\uplus () . . . . . . . . . . . 32
\uplus () . . . . . . . . . . . 31
\uplus () . . . . . . . . . . . 33
\Upmapsto (-) . . . . . . . . . 76
\upmapsto () . . . . . . . . . 76
\upmapsto () . . . . . . . . . 73
\upModels () . . . . . . . . . 51
\upmodels () . . . . . . . . 53
\upmodels () . . . . . . . . . 51
\upmu () . . . . . . . . . . . . 91
\upnu () . . . . . . . . . . . . 91
\Upomega () . . . . . . . . . 91
\upomega () . . . . . . . . . 91
\upp (t) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
\upparenthfill . . . . . . . 220
\Upphi () . . . . . . . . . . . 91
\upphi () . . . . . . . . . . . 91
\Uppi () . . . . . . . . . . . . 91
\uppi () . . . . . . . . . . . . 91
\uppitchfork () . . . . . . 88
\uppitchfork () . . . . . . 86
\uppropto () . . . . . . . . . 51
\Uppsi () . . . . . . . . . . . 91
\uppsi () . . . . . . . . . . . 91
upquote (package) . . . . . . 226
\uprcurvearrow () . . . . . 77
\uprho () . . . . . . . . . . . 91
upright Greek letters . . 15, 91
\uprightcurvearrow () 77
\uprightcurvearrow () . 83
\uprsquigarrow () . . . . . 77
\uprsquigarrow () . . . . . 73
upside-down symbols . . . . 226
upside-down symbols . 1719,
24, 214
\Upsigma () . . . . . .
\upsigma () . . . . . .
.
.
..
..
\Upsilon () . . . . . . ...
\upsilon () . . . . . . . ...
\Upsilonmeson () . . ...
\upsilonup () . . . . . ...
\upslice () . . . . . . ...
\upspoon () . . . . . . . ...
\upspoon () . . . . . . . ...
\upt (l) . . . . . . . . . . ...
\uptau () . . . . . . . . ...
\uptherefore () . . . ...
\uptherefore () . . . 31,
\Uptheta () . . . . . . ...
\uptheta () . . . . . . ...
\uptodownarrow () . ...
\uptodownarrow () . ...
\upuparrows () . . . . ...
\upuparrows () . . . ...
\upuparrows () . . . . ...
\upuparrows () . . . . ...
\upuparrows () . . . . ...
\upuparrows () . . . . ...
\upupharpoons () . . ...
\Upupsilon () . . . . ...
\upupsilon () . . . . . ...
\upvarepsilon () . . ...
\upvarphi () . . . . . ...
\upvarpi ($) . . . . . . ...
\upvarrho () . . . . . . ...
\upvarsigma () . . . . ...
\upvartheta () . . . . ...
\upVDash () . . . . . . ...
\upVdash () . . . . . . ...
\upVdash () . . . . . . ...
\upvDash () . . . . . . ...
\upvdash () . . . . . . ...
\upvdash () . . . . . . . ...
\upwavearrow () . . . ...
\upwhitearrow ($) . . . ...
\upwhitearrow () . . ...
\Upxi () . . . . . . . . .
\upxi () . . . . . . . . .
...
...
\upY (-) . . . . . . . . . . ...
\upY ()) . . . . . . . . . . ...
\upzeta () . . . . . . . ...
\Uranus (G) . . . . . . . ...
\Uranus (F) . . . . . . . ...
\Uranus () . . . . . . . . ...
\uranus (Z) . . . . . . . . ...
\urarc () . . . . . . . . ...
\urblacktriangle () ..
\urcorner (y) . . . . . . ...
\urcorner (q) . . . . . . ...
\urcorner () . . . . . . ...
\urcorner () . . . . . . . . .
\urcorner () . . . . . . . . .
\urcorner () . . . . . .... 95 \varepsilon () . . . . . . . 90
url (package) . . . . . . .... 226 \varepsilon (") . . . . . . . 92
\urtriangle () . . . .... 138 \varepsilon () . . . . . . . 92
urwchancal (package) 119, 231 \varepsilonup () . . . . . . 91
91
91
\US () . . . . . . . . . .
\US () . . . . . . . . . .
125,
....
126
126
\VarFlag ( ) . . . . . . . . . 171
varg (txfonts/pxfonts package op-
90 \usepackage . . . . . . .... 12 tion) . . . . . . . . . . . 92
90 \varg (1) . . . . . . . . . . . . 92
129
ffi
\usf () . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 153
\varg () . . . . . . . . . . . . 92
91
\usfz () . . . . . . . . . . . . . 153 \varg (G) . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
35 ushort (package) 107, 231, 232 \vargeq () . . . . . . . . . . 63
87 \ushort ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . 107 \varhash (#) . . . . . . . . . 116
86 \ushortdw ( ) . . . . . . . . . 107 \varhash (?) . . . . . . . . . 55
24 \ushortw ( ) . . . . . . . . . . 107 \varheart () . . . . . . . . 141
91 \ut (a) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 \varheartsuit (r) . . . . . 140
UTF-8 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 229
111 \varheartsuit () . . . . . 140
111 utf8x (inputenc package option) \varheartsuit () . . . . . 141
91 . . . . . . . 229 \varhexagon () . . . . . . . 138
91 \utilde ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . 107 \varhexagon (9) . . . . . . . 136
71 \utimes (() . . . . . . . . 31, 32
\varhexagonblack () . . 138
81 \utimes (^) . . . . . . . . . . 33 \varhexagonlrbonds () . 138
71 \utimes ($) . . . . . . . . . . 31 \varhexstar (B) . . . . . . . 135
70 Utopia (font) . . . . . . . . 25, 47 \varhookdownarrow (3) . . 76
81 \UU () . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125 \varhookleftarrow () . 76
76 \UUparrow () . . . . . . . . 83 \varhookleftarrow () . 85
73
\UUparrow (
) . . . . . . 100 \varhooknearrow () . . . 76
83
\varhooknwarrow () . . . 76
72 \Uuparrow () . . . . . . . . . 76
\varhookrightarrow () . 76
91 \Uuparrow () . . . . . . . . 83
\varhookrightarrow () 85
91 \Uuparrow (
) . . . . . . . 100 \varhooksearrow () . . . 76
91
uwebo.fd (file) . . . . . . . . 196 \varhookswarrow () . . . 76
91 \varhookuparrow (9) . . . . 76
91 V \vari (i) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
91 \v (a) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 variable-sized symbols 3948,
91 211, 213

\vara (a) . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
91 \varamalg () . . . . . . . . . 31 \VarIceMountain ( ) . . . 171
53 \varangle () . . . . . . . . 115 \varinjlim (lim) . . . . . 85, 89
53 r
\varbarwedge () . . . . . . 33 \varint ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . 39
51 \varbeta (/) . . . . . . . . . . 92 \varintercal () . . . . . . 32
53 \varbigcirc (,) . . . . . . 29 \various (R) . . . . . . . . . 174
53 \varbigtriangledown () 138 \varisinobar () . . . . . . 56
51 \varbigtriangleup () . 138 \varisins () . . . . . . . . . 55
76 \varcap () . . . . . . . . . . 32 \varisins () . . . . . . . . . 56
81 \varCapricorn (Z) . . . . . 124 \varkappa () . . . . . . . . 90
83 \varcarriagereturn () . 83 \varkappa (.) . . . . . . . . . 92
91
91
\VarClock ( ) . . . . . . . . 171 \varkappa () . . . . . . . . . 92
\varleftarrow () . . . . . 85
\varclub () . . . . . . . . . 141
31 \varleftrightarrow () 85
\varclubsuit (p) . . . . . . 140
31 \varleftrightwavearrow ()
\varclubsuit () . . . . . . 141
91 . . . . . . . . 76
\varcoppa () . . . . . . . . . 148
123 \varleftwavearrow () . 76
\varcoprod () . . . . . . . 44
124
\varcup () . . . . . . . . . . 32 \varleq () . . . . . . . . . . 63
122 \varliminf (lim) . . . . . . . 89
\varcurlyvee () . . . . . . 29
122
\varcurlywedge ( ) . . . . 29 \varlimsup (lim) . . . . . . . 89
117
\vardiamond () . . . . . . . 141 \varlongleftarrow () 85
138
\vardiamondsuit (q) . . . . 140 \varlongleftrightarrow
95
\vardiamondsuit () . . . 140 () . . . . . . . . . . . 85
95
\vardiamondsuit () . . . . 141 \varlongmapsfrom ([) . 85
95
\vardigamma ()) . . . . . . . 148 \varlongmapsto () . . . 85
99 \vardoublebarwedge () . 33 \varlongrightarrow () 85
\vardownarrow () . . . . . 85 \varlrtriangle () . . . . 138
\vardownwavearrow () . . 76 \varlrttriangle () . 69, 137
97 \varEarth (J) . . . . . . . . . 123 \varmapsfrom ([) . . . . . . 85
334
\varmapsto () . . . . . . . 85
\varmathbb . . . . . . . . . . . 119
\varmodtwosum () . . . . . 44
\varMoon (a) . . . . . . . . . . 124

\VarMountain ( ) . . . . . . 171
\varnearrow () . . . . . . 85
\varniobar () . . . . . . . . 56
\varnis () . . . . . . . . . . . 55
\varnis () . . . . . . . . . . 56
\varnothing () . . . . 28, 115
\varnothing () . . . . . . . 117
\varnothing () . . . . . . . 116
\varnothing () . . . . . . . 116
\varnothing () . . . . . . . 114
\varnotin (T) . . . . . . . . . 93
\varnotowner (U) . . . . . . 93
\varnwarrow () . . . . . . 85
\varoast () . . . . . . . . . 29
\varobar () . . . . . . . . . 29
\varobslash () . . . . . . . 29
\varocircle () . . . . . . . 29
\varodot () . . . . . . . . . 29
\varogreaterthan (5) F. . 29
\varoiiintclockwise ( ) 41
N \vartriangleright () . . 69
\varoiiintctrclockwise ( )
. . . . .!. . . 41
\varoiint ( ) . . . . B . . . . 42
\varoiintclockwise ( ) 41
J \varsqcup () . . . . . . . . . 32
\varoiintctrclockwise ( ) .
. . . .u. . . . 41
\varoint ( ) . . . . .- . . . . 39
\varointclockwise ( ) . . 41
ff
\varointclockwise ( ) . . 42
\varointclockwise () . . 44
\varointclockwise () . . 45
\varointclockwisesl () 46
\varointclockwiseup ()+ 46
\varointctrclockwise ( ) 41
fl
\varointctrclockwise ( ) 42
\varointctrclockwise () 44
\varolessthan (4) . . . . . 29
\varomega () . . . . . . . . . 19
\varominus () . . . . . . . . 29
\varopeno (C) . . . . . . . . . 19
\varoplus () . . . . . . . . 29
\varoslash () . . . . . . . . 29
\varosum () . . . . . . . . . 44
\varotimes () . . . . . . . . 29
\varovee (6) . . . . . . . . . 29
\varowedge (7) . . . . . . . . 29
\varparallel () . . . . . . 49
\varparallelinv (
) . . . . 49 \varsupsetneq (!) . . . . . 60
\varpartialdiff () . . . . 95
\varphi () . . . . . . . . . . 90
\varphi (') . . . . . . . . . . . 92
\varphi () . . . . . . . . . . 92
\varphiup () . . . . . . . . . 91
) . . . . . . . . . . . 48
\varphoton () . . . . . . . . 129
\varpi () . . . . . . . . . . . 90
\varpi ($) . . . . . . . . . . . 92
\varpi ($) . . . . . . . . . . . 91
\varpi () . . . . . . . . . . . 92
\varpiup ($) . . . . . . . . . 91
\varPluto (H) . . . . . . . . . 124

\varprod ( ) . . . . . . . . . 41
\varprod () . . . . . . . . . 44
\varprojlim (lim) . . . . 85, 89
\varpropto () . . . . . . . 48
\varpropto () . . . . . . . . 55
\varpropto () . . . . . . . 53
\varpropto () . . . . . . . . 51
\varpropto () . . . . . . . . 56
\varrho () . . . . . . . . . . . 90
\varrho (%) . . . . . . . . . . . 92
\varrho (%) . . . . . . . . . . . 91
\varrho () . . . . . . . . . . . 92
\varrhoup (%) . . . . . . . . . 91
\varrightarrow () . . . . 85
\varrightwavearrow () . 76
\Varsampi (_) . . . . . . . . . 148
\varsampi (,) . . . . . . . . . 148
\varsearrow () . . . . . . 85
\varsigma () . . . . . . . . . 90
\varsigma (&) . . . . . . . . . 92
\varsigma () . . . . . . . . . 92
\varsigmaup () . . . . . . . 91
\varspade () . . . . . . . . 141
\varspadesuit (s) . . . . . 140
\varspadesuit () . . . . . 141
\varsqcap () . . . . . . . . . 32
\varsqsubsetneq () . . . 60
\varsqsubsetneqq () . . 60
\varsqsupsetneq () . . . 60
\varsqsupsetneqq () . . 60
\varstar () . . . . . . . . . . 30
\varstar () . . . . . . . . . 138
\varstigma () . . . . . . . . 148
\varsubsetneq () . . . . . 60
\varsubsetneq ( ) . . . . . 60
\varsubsetneq () . . . . . 61
\varsubsetneq () . . . . . 61
\varsubsetneq () . . . . . 61
\varsubsetneq () . . . . . 62
\varsubsetneqq () . . . . 60
\varsubsetneqq (&) . . . . 60
\varsubsetneqq () . . . . 61
\varsubsetneqq () . . . . 61
\varsubsetneqq () . . . . . 61
\varsubsetneqq () . . . . 62
\varsum () . . . . . . . . . . 44
\varsumint () . . . . . . . . 44
\VarSummit ( ) . . . . . . . 171
\varsupsetneq () . . . . . 60
\VDash () . . . . . . . . . . . 55
\varsupsetneq () . . . . . 61
\varsupsetneq () . . . . . 61
\varsupsetneq () . . . . . 61
\varsupsetneq () . . . . . 62
\varsupsetneqq () . . . . 60
\varsupsetneqq (') . . . . 60
\varsupsetneqq () . . . . 61
\varsupsetneqq () . . . . 61
\varsupsetneqq () . . . . . 61
\varsupsetneqq () . . . . 62
335
\varswarrow () ...... 85
\VarTaschenuhr ( ) . . . . 171
\varTerra (l) . . . . . . . . . 124
\vartheta () . . . . . . . . . 90
\vartheta (#) . . . . . . . . . 92
\vartheta () . . . . . . . . . 92
\varthetaup () . . . . . . . 91
\vartimes (") . . . . . . . . . 29
\vartimes () . . . . . . . . . 32
\vartriangle (M) . . . . . . 115
\vartriangle () . . . . . . 69
\vartriangle () . . . . 36, 69
\vartriangle () . . . . . . 68
\vartriangle () . . . . . . 69
\vartriangleleft () . . 67
\vartriangleleft (C) . . 67
\vartriangleleft () . . . 69
\vartriangleleft () . . . 69
\vartriangleleft () . 64, 68
\vartriangleleft () 69, 138
\vartriangleright () . . 67
\vartriangleright (B) . 67
\vartriangleright () . . 69
\vartriangleright () 64, 68
\vartriangleright () . . 69,
138
\varuparrow () . . . . . . . 85
\varupdownarrow () . . . . 85
\varupdownwavearrow () 76
\varupwavearrow () . . . . 76
\varUranus (A) . . . . . . . . 124
\varv (3) . . . . . . . . . . . . 92
\varvarpi () . . . . . . . . 91
\varvarrho () . . . . . . . . 91
\varVdash () . . . . . . . . . 56
\varveebar () . . . . . . . . 33
\varw (4) . . . . . . . . . . . . 92
\vary (2) . . . . . . . . . . . . 92
\VBar ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . 139
\Vbar () . . . . . . . . . . . . 53
\Vbar () . . . . . . . . . . . . 56
\vBar () . . . . . . . . . . . . 53
\vBar () . . . . . . . . . . . . 56
\vBarv () . . . . . . . . . . . 56
\vbipropto () . . . . . . . . 31
\vbrtri () . . . . . . . . . . 69
\vcentcolon (:) . . . . . . . . 57
\vcenter . . . . . . . . 215, 216
\vcrossing () . . . . . . . . 51
\VDash (() . . . . . . . . . . . 50
\VDash () . . . . . . . . . . . 53
\VDash () . . . . . . . . . . . 51
\VDash () . . . . . . . . . . . 57
\Vdash (,) . . . . . . . . . . . 50
\Vdash (
\Vdash () . . . . . . . . . . . 55
\Vdash () . . . . . . . . . . . 53
\Vdash () . . . . . . . . . . . 51
\Vdash () . . . . . . . . . . . 56
\vDash (() . . . . . . . . . . . 50


\vDash () . . . . . . . . . .. 48 \Walley ( ) . . . . . . . . . . 184
\vDash () . . . . . . . . . .. 55 \Vert (
) . . . . ....... 99 \warning () . . . . . . . . . 183
\vDash () . . . . . . . . . .. 53 \Vert () . . . . . ....... 99 \WashCotton () . . . . . . 170
\vDash () . . . . . . . . . .. 51
\WashSynthetics () . . 170
\Vert ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . 100
\vDash () . . . . . . . . . .. 57 \WashWool () . . . . . . . . 170
\vdash () . . . . . . . . . .. 48 \vert (|) . . . . . . . . . . . 96, 98
\wasylozenge () . . . . . . 169
\vdash () . . . . . . . . . .. 53 \wasypropto () . . . . . . . 49
\vdash () . . . . . . . . . .. 51 \vert ( ) . . . . . ....... 99 wasysym (package) . . . . . . . . .
\vdash () . . . . . . . . . .. 56 \vert () . . . . . . ....... 99 . . . . . . . . 19, 25, 27, 30,
\vDdash () . . . . . . . . .. 53 ||
39, 49, 60, 63, 111, 115,
\vert ( ||) . . . . . .. . . . . . 100
\vDdash () . . . . . . . . .. 57 || 121, 122, 124, 127, 134
\vdotdot () . . . . . . . 31, 111 \vertbowtie () .. . . . . . 31 136, 152, 169, 212, 231
\vdotdot () . . . . . . . 31, 111 \vertdiv () . . . .. . . . . . 31
\wasytherefore () . . . . 111
. \Vertex (!) . . .. . . . . . 124
\Water () . . . . . . . . . . . 124
\vdots (..) . . . . . . . . . . . . 112 \vertoverlay () .. . . . . . 57
\water () . . . . . . . . . . . 129
. \Vesta () . . . . .. . . . . . 124
\vdots (..) . . . . . . . . . . . . 110 \VHF (@) . . . . . . .. . . . . . 121
wavy-line delimiters . . 97100
\wbetter (f) . . . . . . . . . 174
\vdots () . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 \Vier ( ) . . . . . .. . . . . . 154
\vdots () . . . . . . . . . . . . 111 vietnam (package) . . . . . . 231 \Wboson () . . . . . . . . . . 129
\vdots () . . . . . . . . . . . 57 \viewdata () . .. . . . . . 117 \Wbosonminus () . . . . . 129
\vec ( ) . . . . . . . .
\vec () . . . . . . . .
.
.
.
.
. . . 103
. . . 103
\Village (  ) . . . . . . 171
\Wbosonplus () . . . . . . 129
\wdecisive (h) . . . . . . . 174
\vin ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95 \weakpt (J) . . . . . . . . . . 174
\vec () . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102
\vec () . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103
vinculum . . . . . see \overline

\WeakRain ( ) . . . . . . . . 171
\vec () . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102 \ViPa (> ) . . . . . . . . . . . . 154
virga . . . . . . . . . see musixgre

\WeakRainCloud ( ) . . . . 171
\vectimes () . . . . . . . . . 33 weather symbols 171, 185186
\Vee () . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32 \Virgo (m) . . . . . . . . . . . 124 Web symbols . . . . . . 186189
\Vee () . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33 \Virgo () . . . . . . . . . . . 122 webomints (package) 196, 231
\vee (_) . . . . . . . .
\vee () . . . . . . . .
.
.
.
.
. . . 30
. . . 29
\virgo (`) . . . . . . . . . . 122
\vlongdash () . . . . . . 53
\Wecker ( ) . . . . . . . . . 171
\vlongdash () . . . . . . 57 \Wedge () . . . . . . . . . . . 32
\vee () . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
\VM (>) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 154 \Wedge () . . . . . . . . . . . 33
\vee () . . . . . . . . . . . 31, 32
vntex (package) . . . . . . 16, 20 \wedge (^) . . . . . . . . . . . 30
\vee () . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
\vod (v) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 \wedge () . . . . . . . . . . . 29
\vee () . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
\voicedh (h) . . . . . . . . . . 19 \wedge () . . . . . . . . . . . 32
\veebar (Y) . . . . . . . . . . 30
\Vomey ( ) . . . . . . . . . . 184 \wedge () . . . . . . . . . . . 32
\veebar (Y) . . . . . . . . . . 29
\veebar () . . . . .
\vppm ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . 176 \wedge () . . . . . . . . . . . 31
. . . . . 32
\vpppm ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . 176 \wedge () . . . . . . . . . . . 33
\veebar () . . . . . . . . . . 31 () . . . . . . . 138
\vrectangle \wedgebar () . . . . . . . . . 33
\veebar () . . . . . . . . . . 33
\vrectangleblack () . . . 138 \wedgedot () . . . . . . . . . 32
\veedot () . . . . . . . . . . 32
\vrule . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 178 \wedgedot (.) . . . . . . . . . 31
\veedot (/) . . . . . . . . . . 31
\VT () . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 126 \wedgedot () . . . . . . . . . 33
\veedot () . . . . . . . . . . 33
\Vulkanus () . . . . . . . . . 124 \wedgedoublebar () . . . . 33
\vv ( #) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106
\veedoublebar ([) . . . . . 30
\veedoublebar () . . . . . 32 \wedgemidvert () . . . . . 33
\VvDash () . . . . . . . . . . 49 \wedgeodot () . . . . . . . . 33
\veedoublebar () . . . . . 33
\Vvdash (,) . . . . . . . . . . 50
\veeeq () . . . . . . . . . . . 55 \Vvdash () . . . . . . . . . . 48
\wedgeonwedge () . . . . . 32
\veeeq () . . . . . . . . . . . 53 \wedgeonwedge () . . . . . 33
\Vvdash () . . . . . . . . . . 55
\veeeq () . . . . . . . . . . . 57 \wedgeq () . . . . . . . . . . 53
\Vvdash () . . . . . . . . . . 53
\veemidvert () . . . . . . . 33 \wedgeq () . . . . . . . . . . 57
\Vvdash () . . . . . . . . . . 51
\veeodot () . . . . . . . . . . 33 \Vvdash () . . . . . . . . . . 57 Weierstrass function see \wp
\veeonvee () . . . \westcross () . . . . . . . . 133


. . . . . 32


\wfermion ( ) . . . . . . . . . 128
\veeonvee () . . . . . . . . 32 \Vvert ( ) . . . . . . . . . . 99
\Wheelchair (w) . . . . . . . 170

\veeonvee () . . . . . . . . 33

\veeonwedge () . . . . . . . 57 \Vvert ( ) . . . . . . . . . . 100 \whfermion ( ) . . . . . . . 128
\Venus (B) . . . . . . . . . . . 123
. . . . . . . . . . 97 \whistle (a ) . . . . . . . . . . 22
\vvvert (~)
\Venus (g) . . . . . . . . . . . 124 \vysmblkcircle () . . . . . 37 \white . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 176
\Venus () . . . . . . . . . . . 122 \vysmblksquare () . . . . . 138 \whitearrowupfrombar (&) 81
\venus () . . . . . . . . . . . 122 \vysmwhtcircle () . . . . . 37 \whitearrowupfrombar () 83
\vernal () . . . . . . . . . . 122 \vysmwhtsquare () . . . . . 138 \whitearrowuppedestal (') 81
versicle ( ) . . . . . . . 229, 230 \vzigzag () . . . . . . . . . . 117 \whitearrowuppedestalhbar
(() . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81


\VERT (
) . . . . . . . . . . . . 101 W \whitearrowuppedestalvbar
\Vert () . . . . . . . . . . 96, 98 w (w) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 151 ()) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81

336
 A) .
\widehat () . . . . . . . . . . 104 XETEX . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
\WhiteBishopOnBlack ( \wideOarc () . . . . . . . . . 106 \Xey ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 184
. . . . . . . 175 \wideparen (u) . . . . . . . . 106 xfrac (package) . . . . . . . . 117

\WhiteBishopOnWhite ( B
) .
\wideparen ()
\wideparen ( )
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
105
106
) . . . 108
\xhookleftarrow (
\xhookleftarrow ( ) . . . . 85
. . . . . . . 175 \wideparen () . . . . . . . . 105

0
\whiteblackspoon () . . 87 \xhookrightarrow ( ) . . 108
\wideparen ( ) . . . . . . . . 104
\WhiteEmptySquare ( ) 175 \xhookrightarrow ( ) . . . 85
\whiteinwhitetriangle () . \widering (u) . . . . . . . . . 106 \Xi () . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90
. . . . . . . 138 \widering () . . . . . . . . . 106 \xi () . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90
\xiup () . . . . . . . . . . . . 91
\WhiteKingOnBlack (J) 175 \widering ( ) ..
\widetilde () .
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
104
105 =)
\xLeftarrow ( . . . . . . 108

\WhiteKingOnWhite (K) 175

\widetilde () . . . . . . . . 105 ) . . . 85, 107
\xleftarrow (
\widetilde () . . . . . . . . 105
) . 108
\xleftharpoondown (
\WhiteKnightOnBlack (M) .
\widetilde ( ) . . . . . . . . 104
) . . . 108
\xleftharpoonup (
\widetilde () . . . . 104, 107
....... 175 )
\xLeftrightarrow ( . 108
\widetriangle ( ) . . . . . 104
\WhiteKnightOnWhite ( N) . \wind . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 171
Windows . . . . . . . . . . . 228
)
\xLeftrightarrow (
)
\xleftrightarrow (
. 108
. 108
. . . . . . . 175
\Winkey ( ) . . . . . . . . . . 184 \xleftrightarrow () . 108
\WhitePawnOnBlack (O) 175 \wInnocey ( ) . . . . . . . . . 184
\Wintertree ( ) . . . . . . . 184
\xleftrightarrow ( ) . . . 85

\WhitePawnOnWhite (P) 175

\whitepointerleft () . 138
\whitepointerright () . 138
\WhiteQueenOnBlack ( L)
. . . . . . . 175
\WhiteQueenOnWhite ( Q)
. . . . . . . 175
\xleftrightharpoons (
) 108
witches . . . . . . . . . . . 37, 110
\with (&) . . . . . . . . . . . . 34 \xleftswishingghost ( ) ..
\with (v) . . . . . . . . . . . . 174 . . . . . . . 110
\withattack (A) . . . . . . . 174
.
\withidea (E) . . . . . . . . 174
\withinit (C) . . . . . . . . . 174
\xleftwitchonbroom () 110
\without (w) . . . . . . . . . 174 \xleftwitchonbroom* () .
.
Wizards of the Coast . . . . 209
\wn (?) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
. . . . . . . 110
\xlongequal (===) . . . . . . 109
woman . . . . . . . . . . 142, 170

S) 175 \WomanFace () . . . . . . . 170 \xlongequal (===) . . . . . . 108

\WhiteRookOnBlack ( won . . . . . . . . see \textwon \xLongleftarrow (=
=) . . 108

\WhiteRookOnWhite (R) 175

world . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 170 ) . . 108
\xlongleftarrow (
\WorstTree ( ) . . . . . . . . 184
\whitesquaretickleft () 37 \wp () . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93 \xLongleftrightarrow (==)
\whitesquaretickright () . \wp () . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94 . . . . . . . 108
. . . . . . . . 37 \wp () . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94 \xlongleftrightarrow ()
\whitestone . . . . . . . . . . 175 \wp () . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93 . . . . . . . 108
whole note see musical symbols \wp () . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94 =) . 108
\xLongrightarrow (=
\wholeNote ( ) . . . . . . . . 155 8
\wq () . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 153
\wholeNoteDotted ( ) . . 155
\wqq () . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 153 ) . 108
\xlongrightarrow (
\wholeNoteRest ( ) . . . . 156 \wr () . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29 \xmapsto () . . . . . . . . 108
\wholeNoteRestDotted ( ) . \wr () . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32 \xmapsto () ... . . . . . 109
. . . . . . . 156 \wr () . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 \xmapsto ( ) . .... . . . . . 85
\wholeof (3) . . . . . . . . . . 214 \wr () . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33 XML . . . . . . .... . . . . . 228
\whthorzoval () . . . . . . 138 \wreath () . . . . . . . . . . . 32 \XQ (
) . . . . . .... . . . . . 125
\whtvertoval () . . . . . . 138 \wreath () . . . . . . . . . . . 31
Wick contractions . . . . . . 220 ) . . . . . . 108
\xRightarrow (=
wreath product . . . . . see \wr
\wideangledown () . . . . 115 \WritingHand (b) . . . . . . 170 ) . . 85, 107
\xrightarrow (
\wideangleup () . . . . . . 115 wsuipa (package) . . 19, 22, 24, \xrightharpoondown (
) 108
\widearc () . . . . . . . . . . 106 212, 214, 219, 231
\widearrow (t) . . . . . . . . 106 \xrightharpoonup (
) . . 108
\wupperhand (c) . . . . . . . 174
\widebar (s) . . . . . . . . . . 106

\xrightleftharpoons () 108
\widebridgeabove () . . . 103 X
\xrightleftharpoons (

) 108
\widecheck (q) . . . . . . . . 106 \x (X) . . . . .. . . . ...... 113
\widecheck () . . . . . . . . 105 \x () . . . . .. . . . ...... 176
(4) \xrightswishingghost ( ) .
\widehat () . . . . . . . . . . 105 \XBox . .. . . . ...... 134
\widehat () . . . . . . . . . . 105 . . . . . . . 110
\xbsol ( ) .. . . . ...... 45
\widehat () . . . . . . . . . . 105 Xdvi . . . . . .. . . . . . . 85, 214 \xrightwitchonbroom () .
\widehat (
) . . . . . . . . . . 104 XELATEX . . .. . . 90, 152, 229 . . . . . . . 110

337
 \Yleft () . . . . . . . . . . . 29 \ZJ (
J) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125
\xrightwitchonbroom* () .
\Yleft () . . . . . . . . . . . 32 \ZK (
K) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125
. . . . . . . 110
\yogh (x) . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 \ZL (
L) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125
Xs . . . . . . . . . . 133, 134, 170
\yogh (`) . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 \ZM (
M) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125
\xsol ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . 45 \ZN (
N) . . . . . . .
#
\Yright () . . . . . . . . . . 29 . . . . . . . 125
\XSolid ( ) . . . . . . . . . . 133 \Yright () . . . . . . . . . . . 32 \ZO (
O) . . . . . . .
$
. . . . . . . 125
\XSolidBold ( ) . . . . . . 133 Yu, Billy . . . . . . . . . . . . . 219 \Zodiac . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122
%
\XSolidBrush ( ) . . . . . . 133 \Yup () . .
\Yup () . .
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
. 29
. 32
zodiacal symbols
193195
. . . 122124,
\xswordsdown (U) . . . . . . 170
\xswordsup (T) . . . . . . . 170
\Yup () . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94 \ZP (
P) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125
\zpipe () . . . . . . . . . . 117
\xtofrom (==

) . . . . . . . 109 Z \zproject () . . . . . . . . . 117
\xtwoheadleftarrow () . \ZA (
A) . . . . . . . . . . .... 125 \ZQ (
Q) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125
. . . . . . . 109 Zapf Chancery (font) .... 119 \ZR (
R) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125
Zapf Dingbats (font) 130, 134 \ZS (
S) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125
\xtwoheadrightarrow () \ZB (
B) . . . . . . . . . . .... 125
\ZT (
T) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125
Z
. . . . . . . 109 \Zbar () . . . . . . . . .... 94 .
XY-pic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 218 \Zborder ( ) . . . . . .... 141 \Ztransf ( ... ) . . . . . . . 59
\Zboson () . . . . . . .... 129 \Ztransf () . . . . . . . . . 55
\ZC (
C) . . . . . . . . . .
.
Y .... 125 \ztransf ( ... ) . . . . . . . 59
\Ydown () . . . . . . . . . . . 29 \zcmp () . . . . . . . . .... 117 \ztransf () . . . . . . . . . 55
\Ydown () . . . . . . . . . . . 32 \ZD (
D) . . . . . . . . . . .... 125 \ZU (
U) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125
yen . . . . . . . . . see \textyen \ZE (
E) . . . . . . . . . . .... 125 \zugzwang (D) . . . . . . . . 174
\yen () . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117 \Zeta (Z) . . . . . . . . .... 90 \ZV (
V) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125
yfonts (package) . 119, 120, 231 \zeta () . . . . . . . . .... 90 \ZW (
W) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125
yhmath (package) . . . 103, 104, \zetaup () . . . . . . . .... 91
107, 112, 218, 231 \Zeus () . . . . . . . . .... 124 \Zwdr ( * ) . . . . . . . . . . . . 154
yin-yang symbols . . . 170, 183, \ZF (
F) . . . . . . . . . . .... 125 \ZwPa ( A ) . . . . . . . . . . . . 154
185186, 197 \ZG (
G) . . . . . . . . . . .... 125 \ZX (
X) .. . . . . . . . . . . . . 125
\Yinyang (Y) . . . . . . . . . 170 \ZH (
H) . . . . . . . . . . .... 125 \ZY (
Y) .. . . . . . . . . . . . . 125
\yinyang () . . . . . . . . . 183 \ZI (
I) . . . . . . . . . . .... 125 \ZZ (
Z) .. . . . . . . . . . . . . 125

338