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Streszczenie. In this place the editor of journal inserts Polish version of the abstract. Please leave three lines for this abstract. Of course Polish
language Authors are requested to prepare also Polish "Streszczenie". All papers should have two sets: title, abstract, keywords - Polish and
English. (Przygotowanie artykuu do Przegldu Elektrotechnicznego - polski tytu na kocu streszczenia - Polish tittle at the end).
( 2 .R ) + (Z )
2
ZT =
2
0 . . D (1 1) pp
(4 ) Z pi = + j . 0 . ln e
8 2 . D pi
Where : Dpi the distance between the centre of the pipeline Y
and line conductor, the angular power frequency (rad/s),
De the depth of equivalent earth return conductor (Fig. 3)
can be found using equation (5):
(7) V p = E p .L
D
De
Where: L length of the pipeline in meter.
The shock current that passes through a human body Fig.3. Equivalent distances between conductor and Pipeline
touching the pipeline is limited by the total impedance of the
line Zpp plus that of the ground return path Rg and the The grounding of the pipeline is an effective measure to
resistance of the human body Rc. The shock current is given reduce the induced voltage. The resistance of the electrode
by the expression [9]: from the ground should be chosen to ensure a voltage drop of
less than 50V. Under the condition, the pipeline is grounded
V with electrodes R1 = R2 = R. According to figure 4, we have
=
p
(8 ) I
+ R + Rc
p
Z pp g
the following relationship:
Vp
Where: Vp the induced voltage, Zpp the impedance in the (12 ) IR =
circuit, the impedance of the pipeline with earth return is the 4 + ( Z pp R )
2
( x p + x i ) + ( y p + De + y i )
2 2
. L. n
(14) t = 0 I i ln 20 m
(x p + x i ) + ( y p y i )
12 m
4. i =1 2 2
30 m
Using the total flux found in the previous step and making 1m
use of Faradays law, the induced voltage on the pipeline can
be found.
Fig.6. Single circuit horizontal configuration with ground wire
and above pipeline
t
(15) V ind =
t 8m
10 m 10 m
Combination of equations 14 and 15 gives equation 16
which may be used to calculate the voltage induced in the 8m
10 m 10 m 12 m
circuit:
12 m
(16) V p = j . . t 12 m 12 m
a b c
1
y
Fig.7. Different geometrical configurations for transmission
overhead lines (a) horizontal, (b) vertical, (c) delta
(xi,yi) Vp
100
Pipeline Without ground wire
With ground wire
90
(xp,yp) x
80
X: 30
Y: 67.22
70
Induced voltage [V]
60 X: 30
Y: 65.19
(xp,-yp-De) 50
30
Case study 20
For the present study, we consider a single-circuit 275 KV
10
horizontal overhead transmission line with one earth wire and -80 -60 -40 -20 0 20 40 60 80
Pipeline position from the center of transmission line [m]
an above ground insulated metal pipeline in the vicinity; the
Fig.8. Induced voltage profile on the pipeline with and without
geometrical data of the overhead line circuit and pipeline are
the ground wire (dp=30 m, hp=1 m)
shown in figure 6. The pipeline is parallel to the axis of the
power line at a distance of 30 m, it has an outer radius of 0.3 80
m and its height above ground is 1 m. The length of parallel
60 X: 0.01374
exposure of the pipeline and power line is 4 km. The three- X: 0.007273
Y: 65.19 Y: 67.22
-20
Results and Discussions
-40
Induced voltage due to inductive coupling on the pipeline -60 Without ground wire
located at different distances from the midpoint of the line with With ground wire
-80
and without the ground wire is shown in figure 8. As can be 0 0.002 0.004 0.006 0.008 0.01 0.012 0.014 0.016 0.018 0.02
Time(S)
seen in this figure, the induced voltage is almost negligible at
the central point of the transmission line and maximum where Fig.9. Temporal variation of the instantaneous value
the pipeline is located at separation distance equal to 15 m, of the induced voltage
and then it decreases progressively as the transverse position
of the pipeline increases. We can also see from this figure As can be seen from figure 9, the variation of the
that the presence of a ground wire practically has no influence instantaneous value of the transverse induced voltage
corresponding to the same example for the point in space (dp, As we see in figure 13, the variation of the induced voltage
hp) = (30, 1) [m] is presented for a time interval of [0- (1/ f)], in with the height of the conductors above the ground, the
function of the module and the phase angle of the induced increase in height of the conductors seems the most effective
voltage. method to reduce the induced voltage on the pipeline.
The relation between the induced voltage on the pipeline 72
and its height above ground is shown in figure 10, if the height
of the pipeline is increased above the ground a vertical 71
74 66
73
65
8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
72 Height of phase conductors above the ground hc [m]
Induced voltage [V]
69
We can see in figure 14 the effect of soil resistivity on the
induced voltage in a pipeline exposed to the parallel
68 X: 1
Y: 67.22
transmission line. For a separation distance from the point of
67 symmetry of the line about 30 m, it seems that the induced
voltage is insensitive to the resistivity of the soil. But beyond
66
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5 this distance along the transverse axis, the influence of the
height of the pipeline hp [m] resistivity is marginal on the induced voltage. In other words,
Fig.10. Relation between the induced voltage and the height of the the voltage increases slightly with increasing soil resistivity.
pipeline (xp=30 m)
100
rho=100 ohm.m
68.5
90 rho=500 ohm.m
rho=1000 ohm.m
80
68
Induced voltage [V]
70
Induced voltage [V]
X: 30
60 Y: 67.22
67.5 X: 0.3
Y: 67.22
50
67 40
30
66.5 20
10
-80 -60 -40 -20 0 20 40 60 80
66
0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 Pipeline position from the center of transmission line [m]
Radius of the pipeline rp [m] Fig.14. Variation of Induced voltage with the soil resistivity
Fig.11. Relation between the induced voltage and the radius of the (dp=30 m, hp=1 m)
pipeline (dp=30 m, hp=1 m)
As can be seen in figure 15, a non-linear relation between
85
the effective values of the induced voltage with the soil
80 resistivity, starting from point of symmetry as distances less
75 than 15 metre (y=5 m) , the graph is a horizontal line with a
X: 10
70 constant slope, outside the zone (y=30 m) the slope of the
Induced voltage [V]
Y: 67.22
100
70 Horizontal configuration
Vertical configuration
90 Delta configuration
x=30 m
x=5 m 80
65
X: 30
70 Y: 65.19
Induced voltage [V]
Induced voltage [V]
60
60
50
40
55 X: 30
Y: 41.4
30
20 X: 30
Y: 25.46
50
10
0
-80 -60 -40 -20 0 20 40 60 80
45
0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 Pipeline position from the center of transmission line [m]
soil resistivity [Ohm.m]
Fig.18. Induced voltage on the pipeline for various phase
Fig.15. Relation between induced voltage and the soil resistivity
(dp=30 m, d=5 m ,hp=1 m) configurations
40
study are also compared to results obtained with the results
obtained through another numerical method. The
30 comparison shows a good agreement that confirms the
validity of the proposed methods.
20
10 REFERENCES
[1] CIGRE, Guide Concerning Influence of High Voltage AC Power
0
-80 -60 -40 -20 0 20 40 60 80
Systems on metallic Pipelines, CIGRE Working group 36.02
Pipeline position from the center of transmission line [m] 1995.
Fig.19. Shock current passing through the human body [2] J. AL-GAHTANI, Electromagnetic Interference Caused by a high
voltage Transmission network on Buried Pipelines and
communication cables Master of Science (M.S.) degree in
X: 1.012
Y: 50 Electrical Engineering, King Fahd University of Petroleum &
50 Minerals. January, 2009. Dhahran, Saudi Arabia.
Safe limit
[3] Abhishek Gupta,A Study on High Voltage AC Power
40 Transmission Line Electric and Magnetic Field Coupling with
Nearby Metallic Pipelines, Master of Science (Engineering),
Voltage [V]
30
Faculty of Engineering, Indian Institute of Science Bangalore-
August 2006, India.
[4] D.Markovic, V.Smith, S.Perera, S.Elphick, modelling of the
20
interaction between gas pipelines and power transmission lines in
shared corridors,Australasian Universities Power Engineering
10 Conference (AUPEC 2004), 26-29 September 2004, Brisbane,
Australia.
0 [5] M. H. Shwehdi, A Practical Study of an Electromagnetic
0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1
Interference (EMI) Problem from Saudi Arabia accepted for
Resistance [Ohm]
presentation at Large engineering Systems Conference on Power
Fig.20. Electrode voltage Engineering LESCOPE04, pp 162 169, July 28-31, 2004,
1.1
Halifax, Canada.
[6] Australian/New Zealand Standard 4853:2000, Electrical
Hazards on Metallic Pipelines, Standards Australia/Standards
1.05
X: 30
Y: 1.012
New Zealand.
[7] Nassereddine M, Hellany A, Nagrial M, Analysis of the impact of
Resistance [Ohm]
1
the OHEW under full load and fault current International Jurnal of
Energy and Environment (IJEE), Volume 1, Issue 4, pp. 727-736.
0.95
2010.
[8] Ahmed Hossam-Eldin, Wael Mokhtar, Ehab Mohamed Ali,
0.9 Effect of Electromagnetic Fields from Power Lines on Metallic
Objects and Human Bodies, International Journal of
0.85 Electromagnetics and Applications 2012, 2(6): 151-158
[9] IEEE Standards Board, IEEE Guide to Grounding During the
0.8 Installation of Overhead Transmission Line Conductors, IEEE Std
-40 -30 -20 -10 0 10 20 30 40
Pipeline position from the center of transmission line [m]
524a-1993, Supplement to IEEE Guide to the Installation of
Overhead Transmission Line Conductors, Approved December 2,
Fig.21. Earth electrode resistance of the pipeline 1993..
[10] SafeGrid Earthing Design Software Comparison of substation
100
safety criteria given by the American (IEEE) and European (IEC)
Faradays Law Standards, ElectroTechnik Pty Ltd..
90 Carsons equation
[11] Transmission Line Reference Book. 345kV and Above (UHV)
80 Second Edition.Electric Power Research Institute, 34 12. Hillview
X: 30
Avenue, Palo Alto, California
Induced voltage [kV]
Y: 67.33
70
X: 30
60 Y: 67.22 Authors: Mr Rabah Djekidel, Laboratory of studies and Development
50
of Semiconductor and Dielectric Materials, LeDMaScD University
Amar Telidji - Laghouat, Algeria., E-mail dje_rabah@yahoo.fr. Pr
40
Mahi djillali, Laboratory of studies and Development of
30 Semiconductor and Dielectric Materials, LeDMaScD,University Amar
Telidji of Laghouat, E-mail mahidjillali@yahoo.fr
20
10
-80 -60 -40 -20 0 20 40 60 80
The correspondence address is:
Pipeline position from the center of transmission line [m] e-mail: dje_rabah@yahoo.fr
Fig.22. Comparison of induced voltages between the
Carson's Formulae and the Faradays Law