Chapter-8: Introduction to Trigonometry

Exercise 8.1

Q1) In ABC , 90 at B, AB=24cm, BC = 7cm.

Determine:

(i)sin(A), cos(A)

(ii) sin(C), cos(C)

Ans.) In ABC , B = 90
By Applying Pythagoras theorem, we get

AC 2 = AB 2 + BC 2
(24) 2 + 72 =(576+49)
AC 2 = 625cm
2

AC = 25cm

(i) sin(A) = BC/AC = 7/25

Cos(A) = AB/AC = 24/25

(ii) sin(C) = AB/AC =24/25

cos(C) = BC/AC = 7/25

Q2) In the given figure find tan(P) cot(R)

Ans.) PR = 13cm,PQ = 12cm and QR = 5cm

According to Pythagorean theorem,

132 = QR 2 + 122 169 = QR 2 + 144 QR 2 = 169 144 = 25 QR = 25 = 5
opposite side QR 5
tan(P) = adjacent side = P Q = 12
adjacent side PQ 5
cot(P) = opposite side = QR = 12
5 5
tan(P) cot(R) = 12 12 =0
Therefore ,tan(P) cot(R) = 0

Q3) If sin(A) = 3/4, calculate cos(A) and tan(A)

Ans.) Let ABC , be a right-angled triangle, right-angled at B.

We know that sin(A) = BC/AC = 3/4

Let BC be 3k and AC will be 4k where k is a positive real number.

By Pythagoras theorem we get,

AC 2 = AB 2 + BC 2

(4k) 2 = AB 2 + (3k) 2
16k2 9k2 = AB 2

AB 2 = 7k2

AB = 7 k

cos(A) = AB/AC = 7 k/4k = 7/4

tan(A) = BC/AB =3k/ 7 = 3/ 7

Q4) In question given below 15cot(A) = 8 ,find sin A and sec A.

Ans.) Let ABC be a right angled triangle, right-angled at B.

We know that cot(A) = AB/BC = 8/15

Given

Let AB side be 8k and BC side 15k

Where k is positive real number

By Pythagoras theorem we get,

AC 2 = AB 2 + BC 2

AC 2 = (8k) 2 + (15k) 2

AC 2 = 64k2 + 225 k2

AC 2 = 289k2
AC = 17k

sin(A) = BC/AC = 15k/17k = 15/7

sec(A) =AC/AB =17k/8k = 17/8

Q5) Given sec =13/12, calculate all other trigonometric ratios.

Ans.) Let ABC be right-angled triangle, right-angled at B.

We know that sec =OP/OM =13/12(Given)

Let side OP be 13k and side OM will be 12k where k is positive real number.

By Pythagoras theorem we get,

OP 2 = OM 2 + M P 2

(13k) 2 = (12k) 2 + M P 2

169(k) 2 144(k) 2 = M P 2

M P 2 = 25k 2
MP = 5

Now,

sin = MP/OP = 5k/13k =5/13

cos = OM/OP = 12k/13k = 12/13

tan = MP/OM = 5k/12k = 5/12

cot = OM/MP = 12k/5k = 12/5

cosec = OP/MP = 13k/5k = 13/5

Q6) If A and B are acute angles such that

cos(A) = cos(B), then show A =B .

Ans.) Let ABC in which CD AB .

A/q,

cos(A) = cos(B)

AD/AC = BD/BC

AD/BD = AC/BC

Let AD/BD =AC/BC =k

AD =kBD . (i)

AC=kBC . (ii)

By applying Pythagoras theorem in CAD and CBD we get,

C D 2 = AC 2 AD 2 .(iv)

From the equations (iii) and (iv) we get,

AC 2 AD 2 = BC 2 BD 2 AC 2 AD 2 = BC 2 BD 2 k2 (BC 2 BD 2 ) = BC 2 BD 2 k2 = 1
Putting this value in equation (ii) , we obtain

AC = BC

A = B (Angles opposite to equal side are equal-isosceles triangle)

Q7) If cot = 7/8, evaluate :

(i) (1+sin )(1-sin ) / (1+cos )(1-cos )

2
(ii) co t
Ans.) Let ABC in which B = 90
and C =
A/q,

cot =BC/AB = 7/8

Let BC = 7k and AB = 8k, where k is a positive real number

According to Pythagoras theorem in ABC we get.

AC 2 = AB 2 + BC 2
AC 2 = (8k) 2 + (7k) 2

AC 2 = 64k2 + 49 k2

AC 2 = 113k2

AC = 113k

sin = AB/AC = 8k/ 113k = 8/ 113

and cos = BC/AC = 7k/ 113k = 7/ 113

(i) (1+sin )(1-sin)/(1+cos)(1-cos ) = (1 sin 2 )/(1 cos 2 )

=1 (8/ 113) 2 /1 (7/ 113) 2
= {1-(64/113)}/{1-(49/113)} = {(113-64)/113}/{(113-49)/113} = 49/64

2
(ii) co t = (7/8) 2 = 49/64

Q8) If 3cot(A) = 4/3, check whether (1 tan 2 A)/(1 + tan 2 A) = co s 2 A sin 2 A or not.

Ans.) Let ABC in which B = 90

A/q,

cot(A) = AB/BC = 4/3

Let AB = 4k an BC =3k, where k is a positive real number.

AC 2 = AB 2 + BC 2

AC 2 = (4k) 2 + (3k) 2

AC 2 = 16k2 + 9 k2

AC 2 = 25k2

AC = 5k

tan(A) = BC/AB = 3/4

sin(A) = BC/AC = 3/5

cos(A) = AB/AC = 4/5

L.H.S. =
(1 tan 2 A)(1 + tan 2 A) = 1 (3/4 ) 2 /1 + (3/4 ) 2 = (1 9/16)/(1 + 9/16) = (16 9)/(16 + 9) = 7/25
2
R.H.S. =co s A sin 2 A = (4/5) 2 (3/4 ) 2 = (16/25) (9/25) = 7/25
R.H.S. =L.H.S.
Hence, (1 tan 2 A)/(1 + tan 2 A) = co s 2 A sin 2 A

Q9) In triangle EFG, right-angled at F, if tan E =1/3 find the value of:
(i) sin EcosG + cosE sin G
(ii) cosEcosG sin E sin G

Answer

LetEFG in which F = 90 , E/q

FC FC 1
tanE = EF tanE = EF = 3
Where k is the positive real number of the problem

By Pythagoras theorem in EFG we get:

2
E G 2 = E F 2 + F G 2 E G 2 = ( 3k )) + K 2 E G 2 = 3k2 + K 2 E G 2 = 4k2 EG = 2K

sinE = FG/EG = 1/2

3
cosE = EF/EG = 2 ,
3
sin G = EF/EG = 2 cosE = FG/EG = 1/2
3 3
(i) sin EcosG + cosE sin G = (1/2\ast1/2) + ( 2 2 )= 1/4+3/4 = 4/4 = 1
3 3 3 3
(ii) cosEcosG sin E sin C = ( 2 12 ) ( 2 12 )= ( 4 ) ( 4 ) = 0

Q10)In MNO, right-angled at N, MO + NO = 25 cm and MN = 5 cm. Determine the values of sin M, cos M and tan M.

Answer

Given that, MO + NO = 25 , MN = 5
Let MO be x. NO = 25 x

By Pythagoras theorem ,
M O2 = MN 2 + N O2
X 2 = 52 + (25 x) 2
50x = 650
x = 13
MO = 13 cm
NO = (25 13) cm = 12 cm

sinM = NO/MO = 12/13

cosM = MN/MO = 5/13

tanM = NO/MN = 12/5

Q11) State whether the following are true or false. Justify your answer.
(i) The value of tan M is always less than 1.
(ii) secM = 12/5 for some value of angle M.
(iii) cosM is the abbreviation used for the cosecant of angle M.
(iv) cot M is the product of cot and M.
(v) sin = 4/3 for some angle .

Answer

(i) False.

In MNC in which N = 90 ,

MN = 3, NC = 4 and MC = 5

Value of tan M = 4/3 which is greater than.

The triangle can be formed with sides equal to 3, 4 and hypotenuse = 5 as

it will follow the Pythagoras theorem.

M C 2 = MN 2 + N C 2
52 = 32 + 42
25 = 9 + 16
25 = 25

(ii) True.
Let a MNC in which N = 90,MC be 12k and MB be 5k, where k is a positive real number.
By Pythagoras theorem we get,
M C 2 = MN 2 + N C 2
(12k) 2 = (5k) 2 + N C 2
N C 2 + 25k 2 = 144 K 2
N C 2 = 119k 2
Such a triangle is possible as it will follow the Pythagoras theorem.
(iii) False.

Abbreviation used for cosecant of angle M is cosec M.cosM is the abbreviation used for cosine of angle M.

(iv) False.

cotM is not the product of cot and M. It is the cotangent of M .

(v) False.

sin = Height/Hypotenuse

We know that in a right angled triangle, Hypotenuse is the longest side.

sin will always less than 1 and it can never be 4/3 for any value of .

Exercise 8.2

1) Calculate the following:

sin60 cos30 + sin30cos60

2tan 2 45 + co2 30 sin 2 60

cos45
(sec +cosec30 )
30

(sin30 +tan45 cosec 60 )

(sec30 +cos 60 +cot45 )

(5cos 2 60 +4se c2 30 ta n 2 45 )
(sin 2 30 +cos 2 30 )

Ans.- (i) sin60 cos30 + sin30cos60
3 3 3
=( 2 2
) + ( 12 12 ) = 4
+ 1
4
= 4
4
=1
(ii) 2tan
2
45 + co2 30 sin 2 60
3 2 3 2
2
=2 (1) + ( 2 ) ( 2 ) =2

cos45
(iii) (sec30 +cosec30 )

1 1
= 2 = 2
2 3+2 (2+2 3)
3

3 3
= 2
(2+2 3)
= 2 2 +2 6

3(2 6 2 2 )
=
(2 6+2 2)(2 62 2)

2 3 ( 6 2)
= 2 2
(2 6 (2 2) )

2 3 ( 6 2 ) 2 3 ( 6 2 )
248 = 16

3 ( 6 2 ) ( 18 6 ) (3 2 6 )
8 = 8 = 8

(iv) (sin 30 + tan 45 cosec 60)/(sec 30 + cos 60 + cot 45)

1
2
+1 23
=( 1 )
2 3 + 2 +1
3
2
23
=( 3 2 )
2
+ 3
2
(3 3 4)
= 2
(3 3 ) 42

(27+1624 3 )
= (2716)
(4324 3 )
= 11

(v) (5cos260 + 4sec230 tan245)/(sin230 + cos230)

2 2
1 12
= 5( 2 ) + 4( 23 ) 1 2 3 2
(2 ) +( 2
)

5 16
( 4 + 31 )
= 1 3
(4+4)
 (15+6412)
12
= 4
4

67
= 12

2) Find the correct answer and explain your choice:

2tan30
(i) 1+tan 2 30 =

(A) sin 60 (B) cos 60 (C) tan 60 (D)

sin 30

1tan 2 45
(ii) 1+tan 2 30 =

tan 90 (B) 1 (C) sin 45 (D) 0

(iii) sin 2P = 2 sin P is true when P =

0 (B) 30 (C) 45 (D) 60

2tan30
(iv) 1tan 2 30
=

cos 60 (B) sin 60 (C) tan 60 (D) sin 30

Ans.-

(i) (A) IS correct.

2
2tan30 (1)
1+tan 2 30
=2 3 + ( 13 )
1

2
(2 3) ( ) 3
6
= sin60
3
1 = 4 = 4 3
= 2
1+ 3 3

(ii)(D) is correct
1tan 2 45
1+tan 2 30
(1 12 ) 0
=
(1+12 )
= 2 =0

(iii) (A) is correct

sin 2P = 2 sin P is true when

P = sin 2P = sin 0 = 0
2 sin P = 2sin 0 = 20 = 0

or,

sin 2P = 2sin PcosP

=>2sin PcosP = 2 sin P

=>2cos P = 2 =>cosP = 1
=>P = 0

(iv) (C) is correct

1
2tan30 3

1tan 2 30
= 2( 1 2 )
1 ( 3 )

(2 3) 2 3
1 = 2 = 3 = tan60
1 3 3

3) If tan (P + Q) = 3 and tan ( P Q) = 1
3
;0
0
< P + Q <= 90; P > Q
, calculate P and Q

Ans:- tan (P + Q) = 3
=>tan (P + Q) = tan 60

=> (P + Q) = 60 (i)
1
=>tan (P Q) =
3

=>tan (P Q) = 30

=> (P Q) = 30 (ii)

Adding (i) and (ii), we get

P + Q + P Q = 60 + 30

2P = 90

=> P = 45

Putting the value of P in equation (i)

45 + Q = 60

=> Q = 60 45 = 15

Hence, P = 45 and Q = 15

4) Check whether the given statements are true or false, also give a reason for your answer:

(i) sin (P + Q) = sin P + sin Q.

(ii) The value of sin increases as increases.

(iii) The value of cos increases as increases.

(iv) sin = cos for all values of .

(v) cotP is not defined for P = 0.

Ans:-

(i) False

Let P = 30 and Q = 60, then

sin (P + Q) = sin (30 + 60) = sin 90 = 1 and,
sin P + sin Q = sin 30 + sin 60
 1 3 3
= 2 + 2 =1+ 2

(ii) True

Sin 0 = 0
1
Sin 30 = 2
1
Sin 45 = 2

3
Sin 60 = 2

Sin 90 = 1

Thus, the value of sin increases as increases

(iii) False

Cos 0 = 1
3
Cos 30 = 2
1
Cos 45 = 2

1
Cos 60 = 2

Cos 90 = 0

Thus, the value of Cos decreases as increases.

(iv) True
cos0
cotP = cosP
SinP cot0 = Sin0 = 1
0 = not defined

Exercise 8.3

1) Calculate:
sin18
(i) cos72
tan26
(ii) cot64

(iii) cos 48 sin 42

(iv) cosec 31 sec 59

Ans:-
sin18
(i) cos72
sin(90 18 )
= cos72
cos72
= cos72 = 1

tan26
(ii) cot64
tan(90 36 )
= cot64
cot64
= cot64 = 1
(iii) cos 48 sin42

= cos (90 42) sin 42

= sin 42 sin 42 = 0

(iv) cosec 31 sec 59

= cosec (90 59) sec 59

= sec 59 sec 59 = 0

2) Show that :

(i) tan 48 tan 23 tan 42 tan 67 = 1

(ii) cos 38 cos 52 sin 38 sin 52 = 0

Ans:-

(i)tan 48 tan 23 tan 42 tan 67

= tan (90 42) tan (90 67) tan 42 tan 67
= cot 42 cot 67 tan 42 tan 67
= (cot 42 tan 42) (cot 67 tan 67) = 11 = 1

(ii) cos 38 cos 52 sin 38 sin 52

= cos (90 52) cos (90-38) sin 38 sin 52
= sin 52 sin 38 sin 38 sin 52 = 0

3) We have 2P = cot ( P 18 ), where 2P is an acute angle, calculate the value of P.

Ans:- According to question,

tan 2P = cot (P- 18)
=>cot (90 2P) = cot (P -18)
Equating angles,
=>90 2P = P- 18

=>108 = 3P
=> P = 36

4) If tan P = cot Q, prove that P + Q = 90.

AnswerAccording to question,

tanP = cot Q
=>tan P = tan (90 Q)
=>P = 90 Q
=>P + Q = 90

5) If the value of sec 4P = cosec (P 20), in which 4P is an acute angle, find the value of P.

Ans:-According to question

sec 4P = cosec (P 20)

=> cosec (90 4P) = cosec (P 20)

Equating angles,
=> 90 4P= P- 20
=> 110 = 5P
=> P = 22

Q6) If X,Y and Z are interior angles of a triangle XYZ, then show that
X
sin (Y+Z/2) = cos 2

Answer

In a triangle, sum of all the interior angles

X + Y + Z = 180

Y + Z = 180 X
Y +Z (180 X)
2 = 2
Y +Z
2 =(
90 X2 )
Y +Z
sin ( 2
) = sin (90 X
2 )
Y +Z
sin ( 2
) X
= cos 2

Q7) Express sin 67 + cos 75 in terms of trigonometric ratios of angles between 0 and 45 .
Answer

sin 67 + cos 75

= sin (90 23 ) + cos (90 15 )

= cos 23 + sin 15

Excercise 8.4

Q1) Express the trigonometric ratios sin A, sec A and tan A in terms of cot A.

Answer

cosec2 A cot 2 A = 1
cosec2 A = 1 + cot 2 A
sin12 A = 1 + cot 2 A
sin 2 A = 1/(1+cot 2 A )
sin A= 1+co
1
t2 A
Now,
sin 2 A = 1+co1t 2 A
1 cos 2 A = 1+co1t 2 A
cos 2 A = 1 1+co1t 2 A
(11+cot 2 A)
cos2A = (1+cot 2 A)
(cot 2 A)
1
sec2 A
=
(1+cot A )
 (1+cot A )
secA = (cot 2 A)

1+cot 2 A
secA= cotA

also,
sinA cosA
tan A = cosA and cot A = sinA

tan A = 1
cotA

Q2) Write all the other trigonometric ratios of A in terms of sec A.

Answer

We know that,
1
sec A = cosA
cos A = secA
1

also,
cos 2 A + sin 2 A = 1
sin 2 A = 1 cos 2 A
sin 2 A = 1 ( sec12 A )
(sec2 A1)
sin 2 A =
sec2 A
sec2 A1
sin A= secA
also,
1
sin A = cosecA
cosec A = sinA
1

cosec A= secA
sec2 A1
Now,
sec2 A tan 2 A = 1
tan 2 A = sec2 A + 1

tan A= sec2 A + 1
also,
1
tan A = cotA
cot A = tanA
1

cot A=
1
sec2 A+1

Q3 Evaluate :

(sin 2 63 +sin 2 27 )
(i)
(cos 2 17 +cos 2 73 )
(ii) sin25 cos65 + +cos25sin65

Answer
 (sin 2 63 +sin 2 27 )
(i)
(cos 2 17 +cos 2 73 )

[sin 2( 90 27 )+sin 2 27 ]
=
[cos 2( 90 73 )+cos 2 73 ]
(cos 2 27 +sin 2 27 )
= (sin 2 27 +cos 2 73 )
1
= 1 =1 ( becausesin 2 A + co s 2 A = 1)

cos65 + +cos25 sin65
(ii) sin25


=sin(90 25 )cos65 + cos(90 65 )sin65

=cos65 cos65 + sin65sin65

= cos65 + sin65 =1

4) Choose the correct option. Justify your choice.

2 2
(i) 9 sec A 9 tan A =
(A) 1 (B) 9 (C) 8 (D) 0
(ii) (1 + tan + sec ) (1 + cot cosec )
(A) 0 (B) 1 (C) 2 (D) 1
(iii) (secA + tanA) (1 sinA) =
(A) secA (B) sinA (C) cosecA (D) cosA

1+tan 2A
(iv) =
1+cot 2 A
2
(A) sec A
(B) -1
2
(C) co t A
2
(D) tan A
Answer

(i) (B) is correct.

2
9 sec A 9 tan 2 A
2
= 9 (sec A tan 2 A )
2 2
= 91 = 9 ( because sec A tan A = 1)

(ii) (C) is correct

(1 + tan + sec ) (1 + cot cosec )

= (1 + sin /cos + 1/cos ) (1 + cos /sin 1/sin )

= (cos+sin +1)/cos (sin +cos -1)/sin

= (cos+sin )2-12/(cos sin )

= (cos2 + sin2 + 2cos sin -1)/(cos sin )

= (1+ 2cos sin -1)/(cos sin )

= (2cos sin )/(cos sin ) = 2

(iii) (D) is correct.

(secA + tanA) (1 sinA)

= (1/cos A + sin A/cos A) (1 sinA)

= (1+sin A/cos A) (1 sinA)

= (1 sin2A)/cos A

= cos2A/cos A = cos A

(iv) (D) is correct.

1+tan2A/1+cot2A

= (1+1/cot2A)/1+cot2A

= (cot2A+1/cot2A)(1/1+cot2A)

= 1/cot2A = tan2A

Q5) Prove the following identities, where the angles involved are acute angles for which theexpressions are defined.

(i) (cosec cot )2 = (1-cos )/(1+cos )

(ii) cos A/(1+sin A) + (1+sin A)/cos A = 2 sec A

(iii) tan /(1-cot ) + cot /(1-tan ) = 1 + sec cosec

[Hint : Write the expression in terms of sin and cos ]

(iv) (1 + sec A)/sec A = sin2A/(1-cos A)

[Hint : Simplify LHS and RHS separately]

(v) (cos Asin A+1)/(cosA+sin A1) = cosec A + cot A,using the identity cosec2A = 1+cot2A.
1+sinA

(vi) 1sinA = secA + tanA
(vii) (sin 2sin3)/(2cos3-cos ) = tan
(viii) (sin A + cosec A)2 + (cos A + sec A)2 = 7+tan2A+cot2A
(ix) (cosec A sin A)(sec A cos A) = 1/(tan A+cotA)
[Hint : Simplify LHS and RHS separately]
(x) (1+tan2A/1+cot2A) = (1-tan A/1-cot A)2 = tan2A

Answer

(i) (cosec cot) 2 = (1-cos )/(1+cos )

L.H.S. = (cosec cot) 2
2
=(cosec + cot 2 2coseccot)
cos 2
1
=( sin 2 + sin 2
2 sicos
n2
)
2
2cos )/(1 cos 2 )
= (1 + co s
2
= (1 cos) /(1 cos)(1+cos )
= (1-cos )/(1+cos ) = R.H.S.
(ii) cos A/(1+sin A) + (1+sin A)/cos A = 2 sec A
L.H.S. = cos A/(1+sin A) + (1+sin A)/cos A
2 2
= [co s A +(1 + sinA) ]/(1+sin A)cos A
2 2
= (co s A + sin A + 1 + 2sin A)/(1+sin A)cos A
= (1 + 1 + 2sin A)/(1+sin A)cos A
= (2+ 2sin A)/(1+sin A)cos A
= 2(1+sin A)/(1+sin A)cos A
= 2/cos A = 2 sec A = R.H.S.

(iii) tan /(1-cot ) + cot /(1-tan ) = 1 + sec cosec

L.H.S. = tan /(1-cot ) + cot /(1-tan )
= [(sin /cos )/1-(cos /sin )] + [(cos /sin )/1-(sin /cos )]
= [(sin /cos )/(sin -cos )/sin ] + [(cos /sin )/(cos-sin )/cos ]
2 2
= sin /[cos (sin -cos )] + co s
/[sin (cos -sin )]
2 2
= sin /[cos (sin -cos )] co s /[sin (sin -cos )]
2 2
= 1/(sin -cos ) [(sin /cos ) (co s /sin )]
3 3
= 1/(sin -cos ) [(sin co s )/sin cos ]
2 2
= [(sin -cos )(sin +co s +sin cos )]/[(sin -cos )sin cos ]
= (1 + sin cos )/sin cos )
= 1/sin cos + 1
= 1 + sec cosec = R.H.S.

2
(iv) (1 + sec A)/sec A = sin /(1-cos A)
L.H.S. = (1 + sec A)/sec A
= (1 + 1/cos A)/1/cos A
= (cos A + 1)/cos A/1/cos A
= cos A + 1
2
R.H.S. = sin /(1-cos A)
2
= (1 co s )/(1-cos A)
= (1-cos A)(1+cos A)/(1-cos A)
= cos A + 1
L.H.S. = R.H.S.

2 2
(v) (cos Asin A+1)/(cosA+sin A1) = cosec A + cot A,using the identity cosec A = 1+co t A.
L.H.S. = (cos Asin A+1)/(cosA+sin A1)
Dividing Numerator and Denominator by sin A,
= (cos Asin A+1)/sin A/(cosA+sin A1)/sin A
= (cot A 1 + cosec A)/(cot A+ 1 cosec A)
2 2
= (cot A cosec A + cosec A)/(cot A+ 1 cosec A) (using cosec2 A cot 2 A = 1)
A + co t
2 2
= [(cot A + cosec A) (cosec A co t A )]/(cot A+ 1 cosec A)
= [(cot A + cosec A) (cosec A + cot A)(cosec A cot A)]/(1 cosec A + cot A)
= (cot A + cosec A)(1 cosec A + cot A)/(1 cosec A + cot A)
= cot A + cosec A = R.H.S.

1+sinA

(vi) 1sinA = secA + tanA
Dividing Numerator and Denominator of L.H.S. by cos A,
 1 sinA
cosA
+ cosA
= 1
cosA
sinA
cosA

secA+tanA
=
secAtanA

secA+tanA secA+tanA
=
secAtanA
X secA+tanA

2
(secA+tanA)
=
sec2 Atan 2 A

secA+tanA
= 1
= sec A + tan A = R.H.S.

3
(vii) (sin 2sin )/(2cos 3 -cos ) = tan
3 3
L.H.S. = (sin 2sin )/(2co s cos )
2 2
= [sin (1 2sin )]/[cos (2co s 1)]
2 2
= sin [1 2(1- co s )]/[cos(2co s -1)]
2 2
= [sin (2co s -1)]/[cos (2co s -1)]
= tan = R.H.S.

(viii) (sinA + cosecA) 2 + (cosA + secA) 2 = 7+tan 2 A +cot 2 A

2 2
L.H.S. = (sinA + cosecA) + (cosA + secA)
2 2 2 2
= (sin A + cosec A + 2 sin A cosec A) + (tco s A + sec A + 2 cos A sec A)
2 2 2 2
= (sin A + co s A ) + 2 sin A(1/sin A) + 2 cos A(1/cos A) + 1 + tan A + 1 + co t A
2 2
= 1 + 2 + 2 + 2 + tan A + co t A
2 2
= 7+tan A +co t A = R.H.S.

(ix) (cosec A sin A)(sec A cos A) = 1/(tan A+cotA)

L.H.S. = (cosec A sin A)(sec A cos A)
= (1/sin A sin A)(1/cos A cos A)
2
A )/sin A][(1-cos 2 A )/cos A]
= [(1- sin
2 2
= (co s A /sin A)(sin A /cos A)
= cos A sin A
R.H.S. = 1/(tan A+cotA)
= 1/(sin A/cos A +cos A/sin A)
2
= 1/[(sin A +cos 2 A )/sin A cos A]
= cos A sin A
L.H.S. = R.H.S.

1tanA 2
2
(x) (1+tan A /1+cot 2 A ) = ( 1cotA ) =tan
2
A
 2
L.H.S. = (1+tanA /1+cot 2 A )
2 2
= (1+tan A /1+1/tan A )
2 2 2
= 1+tan A /[(1+tan A )/tan A ]
2
= tan A