Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Dissertao de Mestrado
FLORIANPOLIS
2002
2
Dissertao apresentada ao
Programa de Ps- Graduao em
Engenharia de Produo da
Universidade Federal de Santa
Catarina como requisito parcial para
obteno do ttulo de Mestre em
Engenharia de Produo.
FLORI ANPOLIS
2002
3
___________________________________
Prof. Edson Pacheco Paladini, Dr.
Coordenador
Banca Examinadora
___________________________________
Prof. Robert W . Samohyl, Ph.D.
Orientador
___________________________________
Prof. Roberto Meurer, Dr.
___________________________________
Prof. Wesley Vieira, Dr.
4
AGRADECIMENTOS
RESUMO
ABSTRACT
The crisis of energy for the which Brazil is passing, did a great market
of the country for the use of alternative sources of energy. Several they
are the disposition in the market, however, the one that more received
efforts and investments it was the of use of the natural gas, imported
from Bolivia by the gasoduto Bolivia/Brasil. These efforts and
investiments were accomplished to obtain energy in several types of
activities. In this work, the use of this energy will be analyzed with
relationship to the competitiveness that its use can bring to the
companies that opt for out and besides the competitiveness that types
of advantages will be obtained it puts them to do front and they
continue surviving in global, improving its productivity, adding value to
its goods and services and obtaining return of its capital invested in the
substitution or implemention of new equipments, nedeed to the use of
the new fuel. This analysis will be made through the methods of
economic engineering such na as: Internal return rate, net present
valve, analysis of the cash flow and sensibility analysis. The found
results, in all the methods, had shown to be viable the applicability of
the design.
Key word: Internal return rate, net present valve, cash flow, qua lity and
productivity.
9
SUMRIO
LISTA DE FIGURAS
LISTA DE QUADROS
CAPTULO I
INTRODUO
CAPTULO II
FUNDAMENTAO TERICA
1 2
... n
Ano 0 1 ... n
Fluxo -X X1 X... Xn
onde:
Fn = Fluxo de caixa
i = Taxa de juros
n= nmero de perodos
30
P E R F IL D O V P L
120000
100000
60000
VPL
40000
TAXA
20000
-2 0 0 0 0
-4 0 0 0 0
T a x a d e J u ro s
TIR= F n .(1+i) - n =0
onde:
F n = Fluxo de caixa
i = Taxa de juros
n= nmero de perodos
P e r fil d a T a x a In te r n a d e R e to r n o
120000
100000
Valor Presente Liquido
80000
60000
VPL
40000
TAXA
20000
-2 0 0 0 0
-4 0 0 0 0
T a x a In t e r n a d e R e t o r n o
PayB ack
600
400
Capitais
200
0
-2 0 0 1 2 3 4
-4 0 0
-6 0 0
A nos
+ P A R M E T R O 1 -
| | | |
| | | |
| | | |
| | | |
A | C | C | C | R
C | e | e | e | E
E | n | n | n | C
I | | | | U
T | r | r | r | S
A | i | i | i | A
R | o | o | o | R
| | | |
| A | B | C |
| | | |
| | | |
| | | |
| | | |
- P A R M E T R O 2 +
CAPTULO III
ESTUDO DE CASO E ANLISES
Co mp o n en t es % em v olu me
Car b on o 87 , 0
Hi dr o g n io 10 , 0
E nx of r e 1, 7 2 a 2, 3 3
Re l a o O x ig n io /N i tr o g n o 4. 0 00 p pm
V is c os i d ad e 91 0 ,5 a 92 2, 0 , a 6 0 C
De ns id a de 1, 0 24 a 1, 04 2 4
PC I 9. 5 50
PC S 10 . 10 0
Fo nt e: R ef i n ar ia Presidente Getulio Vargas - R E PA R
Co mp o n en t es % em v olu me
Hi dr o g n io 14 , 12
Me t an o 39 , 38
Et a no 5 ,5 8
Et e no 15 , 26
Pr op a no 0, 9 7
B ut an o 0 ,0 5
Ni tr og n io 1 ,4 5
Mo n x id o d e C ar b o no 1 ,5 7
Di x i o de C ar b on o 0 ,0 8
O utr os 1 ,4 3
PC S - P o der C a l or f ic o 97 4 0 K Ca l .
S up er i or
F o nt e: CO M P AG S ( 19 9 9)
Quadro 2: Gs Natural
3.1.2 O Uso do Gs
Ca l de ir a 1 Ca l de ir a 2 Un i da d e d e m ed i da
T em per at ur a d a c ham in 29 1 25 8 C
T em per at ur a am bi e nt e 33 30 , 5 C
O2 3, 1 6, 1 %
CO 2 14 , 1 11 , 7 %
CO 64 14 P pm
Ex c es s o d e ar 16 , 29 38 , 58 %
Pr od u o de va p or 8, 5 7, 2 T on/ h
n d ic e de f um a a 7 e 8 3
Fo nt e: Ar q u i v os d a P BL .
Quadro 3: Combusto do leo 2A
Ca l de ir a 1 Ca l de ir a 2 Un i da d e d e m ed i da
T em per at ur a d a c ham in 27 2 26 0 C
T em per at ur a am bi e nt e 29 , 5 27 , 5 C
O2 3, 3 7, 4 %
CO2 9, 9 7, 6 %
CO 0 2 P pm
Ex c es s o d e ar 16 , 62 5, 8 2 %
Pr od u o de va p or 8, 5 7, 4 T on/ h
n d ic e de f um a a 0 0
Fo nt e: Ar q u i v os d a P BL.
Quadro 4 : Combusto do Gs
! Manuteno com Gs
! Mo-de-Obra com Gs
3.1.6 Estocagem
! Estocagem de leo 2A
! Estocagem com gs
3.1.8 Aquisio
! Aquisio do leo 2A
! Aquisio do gs
Onde:
K: graus Kelvin;
KPA: Quilo Pascal.
Expresso (c):
Q r = Q c . Y/9740 Kcal/m3
Onde:
3.1.9 Investimentos
Com bus t v e l 2. 25 1 .4 2 5, 9 4 23 , 16 1 8
M o d e O br a d a O p er a o 2 .6 5 9, 0 9 0, 0 27 3
E ner g i a 1 30 . 47 9, 9 5 1, 3 42 0
Es t o qu e M d io 36 . 14 4, 0 0 0, 3 71 8
M o d e O br a d a M a nu te n o 3. 7 63 ,6 3 0, 0 38 7
De pr ec ia o 35 . 50 0, 0 0 0, 3 65 2
Des p es as G er a is 3. 5 02 ,2 2 0, 0 36 0
E nc ar g os 7. 4 81 ,6 3 0, 0 76 9
T o t al 2 .4 7 0. 4 67 ,5 0 2 5, 4 20 1
Cus to T ota l Un i tr i o
Com bus t v e l 2. 4 65 .0 9 0, 5 0 19 , 02 0 7
M o d e O br a o p er a o 57 2 ,7 3 0, 00 4 4
M o d e O br a m anu t en o 74 6 ,5 9 0, 00 5 8
De pr ec ia o 56 . 50 0, 0 0 0, 43 6 0
Des p es as G er a is 2. 8 75 ,9 4 0, 02 2 1
E nc ar g os 1. 5 37 ,0 0 0, 01 1 9
T ota l 2. 5 27 .3 2 2, 7 6 1 9, 5 00 9
Quadro 15: Custos anuais do leo 2A, para a capacidade de 15,00 T/h,
com os preos reduzidos em 10%
Quadro 18: Custos anuais do leo 2A, para a capacidade de 11,25 T/h
com o preo reduzido em 20%
Quadro 19: Custos anuais do leo 2A, para a capacidade de 15,00 T/h,
com o preo reduzido em 20%
Quadro 23: Custos anuais do leo 2A, para a capacidade de 15,00 T/h com o
preo reduzido em 30%
CAPTULO IV
APRESENTAO E ANLISE DOS RESULTADOS
Cap a ci d ad e ( t o n ./ h ) 7, 0 0 11 , 25 15 , 00
2A R$ 1 . 58 9. 1 24 , 76 R$ 2 . 47 0. 4 67 , 50 R$ 3 . 25 1. 3 30 , 50
G s N at u r al R$ 1 . 21 2. 6 07 , 82 R$ 1. 9 11 . 05 0, 1 3 R$ 2 . 52 7. 3 22 , 76
Cap a ci d ad e ( t o n ./ h ) 7, 0 0 11 , 25 15 , 00
2A R$ 2 6 ,2 6 R$ 2 5 ,4 2 R$ 1 9 ,5 0
Gs R$ 2 0 ,0 5 R$ 1 9 ,6 6
V .P .L g s x V .P .L . 2 A
7 ,0 0 7 ,0 0
1 .5 0 0 .0 0 0 ,0 0 T on /h T on /h
1 .0 0 0 .0 0 0 ,0 0
1 1 ,2 5
V.P.L's
T on /h
5 0 0 .0 0 0 ,0 0
( 5 0 0 .0 0 0 ,0 0 )
1 5 ,0 0 T o n /h
( 1 .0 0 0 .0 0 0 ,0 0 )
C a p a c id a d e
7,00T on/h
250% 7,00 T on/h
200%
11,25 T on/h
150%
T.I.R.'s
15,0 T on/h
50%
0%
-50%
C apacidade
PayBack Gs x PayBack 2A
8 7,00 Ton /h
6
Anos
4
11,25 Ton/h
11,25 Ton /h
2 15,00 Ton /h
15,00 Ton/h
0
Capacidade
CAPTULO V
CONCLUSES E SUGESTES
5.1 Concluses
5.2 Sugestes
investimento no gasoduto.
80
REFERNCIAS BIBLIOGRFICAS
______. Deriving the internal rate of return from the accountants rate of return:
A simulation testbench, 1995. http://www.uwasa.fi/~ts/simu
83
SALMI, Timo e Luoma. Deviring the IRR from the accoutants rate of
profit: analisys and empirical estimation. 1981. Disponvel em:
<http://www.uwasa.fi/~ts/jkay/jkay 10.hmtl>. Acesso em: 25 fev. 2002.