Simple Past

1.Expresses event or situation that began and ended at a particular time in the past (anytim

examples:
Ifinishedmy homework last Friday.
Itsnowedyesterday again.
JohnstudiedEnglish verbs for ten days.

2. If it contains WHEN and has the simple past in both clauses, the WHEN CLAUSE Happens

examples:
Rita stood under the tree when it began to rain.
When Mrs. Chu heard a strange noise, she got up to investigate.
when I dropped my cup, the coffee spilled on my lap.

REGULAR VERBS:
Those verbs that form their past participle with d or ed are regular verbs. These verbs do not underg

1.If the verb ends with a vowel, only d is added. For example:
PRESENT PAST
Share Shared
Scare Scared
Dare Dared

2.If the verb ends with a consonant, ed is added. For example:

PRESENT PAST
Want Wanted
Shout Shouted
Kill Killed

PRONUNCIATIONS:
Can have 3 different sounds:t, d,ored.

1. Final - ed is pronounced /t/ after a voiceless sound.

 voiceless sounds: k, p, s, ch, sh, f,

2. Final -ed is pronounced /d/ after a voiced sounds.

voiced sounds: l,v, n, b, and vowel sounds.

3. Final ed is pronounced as /ed/ adds a whole syllable to the word.

t d d ed
asked cleaned played needed
looked learned used started
finished listened studied counted
talked changed closed wanted
worked turned on tried ended
watched turned off opened

IRREGULAR VERBS:
Those verbs that undergo substantial changes when changing forms between tenses are irregular verbs.
The changed forms of these verbs are often unrecognisably different from the originals.

Irregular Verbs Are Very Common

Base Form Simple Past Past Participle
be was/were has been
come came has come
get got has got/ gotten
go went has gone
know knew has known
make made has made
say said has said
see saw has seen
take took has taken
think thought has thought

With an irregular verb, the past form and past participle are often different (but not always). For examp

Irregular Verb Simple Past Past Participle

To begin began has begun
To break broke has broken
To buy bought has bought
Now, contrast those irregular forms with those of regular verbs, which just add-edor-d:

Regular Verb Past Form Past Participle

To cook cooked has cooked
To play played has played
To dance danced has danced
r time in the past (anytime before now).

WHEN CLAUSE Happens first.

investigate.

hese verbs do not undergo substantial changes while changing forms between tenses.
nses are irregular verbs.

t not always). For example:

The Most Common Irregular Verbs in English Verbs with Irregular and Re

Irregular Verb Past Simple Past Participle Verb

arise arose arisen burn
be was/were been dream
beat beat beaten learn
become became become hang
bend bent bent
begin began begun smell
bet bet bet spell
bind bound bound
bite bit bitten
bleed bled bled Irregular Verbs That Don't C
blow blew blown Verbs that have the same for
break broke broken
breed bred bred Verb
bring brought brought bet
build built built broadcast
buy bought bought cut
catch caught caught hit
choose chose chosen hurt
come came come let
cost cost cost put
cut cut cut quit
deal dealt dealt read
dig dug dug set
do did done shut
draw drew drawn spread
drink drank drunk
drive drove driven
eat ate eaten
fall fell fallen
feed fed fed
feel felt felt
fight fought fought
find found found
fly flew flown
forbid forbade forbidden
forget forgot forgotten
forgive forgave forgiven
freeze froze frozen
get got got
gotten
give gave given
go went gone
grow grew grown
have had had
hear heard heard
hide hid hidden
hit hit hit
hold held held
hurt hurt hurt
keep kept kept
know knew known
lay laid laid
lead led led
leave left left
lend lent lent
let let let
lie lay lain
light lit lit
lose lost lost
make made made
mean meant meant
meet met met
pay paid paid
put put put
quit quit quit
read read read
ride rode ridden
ring rang rung
rise rose risen
run ran run
say said said
see saw seen
sell sold sold
send sent sent
set set set
shake shook shaken
shine shone shone
 shoot shot shot
show showed shown
shut shut shut
sing sang sung
sink sank sunk
sit sat sat
sleep slept slept
slide slid slid
speak spoke spoken
spend spent spent
spin spun spun
spread spread spread
stand stood stood
steal stole stolen
stick stuck stuck
sting stung stung
strike struck struck
swear swore sworn
sweep swept swept
swim swam swum
swing swung swung
take took taken
teach taught taught
tear tore torn
tell told told
think thought thought
throw threw thrown
understand understood understood
wake woke woken
wear wore worn
win won won
withdraw withdrew withdrawn
write wrote written
bs with Irregular and Regular Forms

Past Simple Past Participle

burned OR burnt burned OR burnt
dreamed OR dreamt dreamed OR dreamt
learned OR learnt learned OR learnt
hung hung
also hanged also hanged
smelled OR smelt smelled OR smelt
spelled OR spelt spelled OR spelt

gular Verbs That Don't Change

bs that have the same form in Present, Past and Past Participle form:

Past Simple Past Participle

bet bet
broadcast broadcast
cut cut
hit hit
hurt hurt
let let
put put
quit quit
read read
set set
shut shut
spread spread
Past Progressive (Past Continuous)

1. Both actions occurred at the same time but one action was already in progress when the other action

examples:
Hewas writingan article when we arrived.
Itwas rainingwhen accident happened.
Theywere talkingon a phone when it began to rain.
Last night at this time wewere learningSpanish Tenses.

2. Past Continuous is used in both parts of a sentence to show that both actions are in progress simultan

examples:
Hewas writingan article while itwas raining.
While wewere learningSpanish Verbs, they were havinga party.
Itwas rainingwhile Iwas walkingdown the street.
ogress when the other action occurred.

tions are in progress simultaneously.

nga party.
SIMPLE PAST VERSUS PAST CONTINUOUS
FORM

USE
After another or at the same time?
Do you want to express that the actions in the past happened one after another or at the same

New action or already in progress?

If you want to express that a new action happened in the middle of another action, you need b
Simple Past the new action and Past Progressive for the action already in progress.
 Only mentioning or emphasising progress?
Do you just want to mention that an action took place in the past (also used for short actions)?
Or do you want to put emphasis on the progress, e.g. that an action was taking place at a cert

CERTAIN WORDS
The following verbs are usually only used in Simple Past (not in the progressive form).

state:be, cost, fit, mean, suit

Example: Wewereon holiday.

possession:belong, have
Example: Samhada cat.

senses:feel, hear, see, smell, taste, touch

Example: Hefeltthe cold.

feelings:hate, hope, like, love, prefer, regret, want, wish

Example: Janelovedpizza.

brain work:believe, know, think, understand

Example: Idid not understandhim.

introductory clauses for direct speech:answer, ask, reply, say

Example: I am watching TV, hesaid.

Adverbs for Both Past & Past Progressive Tenses

 after another or at the same time?

of another action, you need both tenses:

eady in progress.
 (also used for short actions)?
on was taking place at a certain time?

e progressive form).