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Md Saif H2016124031
Mounesh H2016124024
Appendix
Overview Genetic Algorithm Tool Box in MATLAB
Introduction:
The wireless user population is tremendously increasing day by day with
limited spectrum utilization. The cost of service, the bandwidth requirement
and interference reduction are important challenges that can be achieved by
efficient reuse of scarce radio spectrum allocated to wireless mobile
communication. The basic prohibiting factor in reuse of radio spectrum is
the interference caused by other mobiles or environmental changes.
Interference reduction can be achieved by using channel allocation
techniques and employing efficient radio subsystems.
Where R is cell radius and N is the reuse pattern (the cluster size or the
number of cells per cluster). Reusing channels fallout in different types of
interferences like co channel, adjacent channel and co site.
1) Co channel Interference:
3) Co site Interference:
These techniques are based on the way how channels are utilized.
Fixed Channel Allocation (FCA) :
Fixed channel allocation, in which channels are assigned in cells at
the beginning of system design. Total channels of cellular system are
available to every cluster. In a cluster channel destruction/division is
uniform among cells so every cell uses the same predetermined
channels.
Fixed channel allocation has very simple design and work efficiently
for uniform traffic demand. However, FCA do not adapt to changing
traffic conditions and user distribution therefore FCA is not suitable
for non-uniform traffic.
In HCA, set of channels is divided into fixed and dynamic set. Fixed set
contains several nominal channels and these channels allocated like FCA
& prefer to be used in respective cell. Channels/frequency from dynamic
set are shared by users. When all nominal channels are busy then channel
from dynamic set is allocated. In this, dynamic to fixed channel ratio can
be changed as per the non-uniform traffic and geographical area.
One of the earlier aims of the channel assignment problem (CAP) is to
assign the required number of channels to each region in such a way that
interference is precluded and the frequency spectrum is used efficiently
This problem can be shown to be equivalent to a graph coloring problem.
Over the recent years, several approaches have been used to solve
various channel assignment problems, including
o Simulated annealing
o Neural networks and
o Genetic algorithms
Genetic Algorithm:
Evaluation:
Before starting with the GA, a fitness function has to be formulated first.
This fitness function is the most crucial part of the algorithm, and varies
depending upon the application GA is used in. The fitness function must
be designed such that the best chromosome corresponds to the one with
the least fitness value. In the evaluation phase, the fitness functions of
all the chromosomes present in the initial population are calculated. The
fitness function should be formulated such that the individual
chromosome be its variable input parameter.
Selection:
Once the fitness values have been calculated, the chromosomes that
correspond to the lesser fitness values can be selected. Usually, selection
probability is 0.5, i.e., half of the initial population is selected based on
their fitness values. For this purpose, the chromosomes can be arranged
in their increasing order of fitness values and the first half can be
selected.
Crossover:
Termination:
In this matrix, C:
The diagonal terms Cii = 5 indicate that any two channels assigned to
cell i must be at least 5 frequencies apart in order that no co-site
interference exists. Channels assigned to cells 1 and 2 must be at least
C12 = 4 frequencies apart. Off diagonal terms of Cij = 1 and Cij = 2
correspond to co-channel and adjacent channels constraints,
respectively.
[c]Population size= 64
Discussion on results
As we can see from the table for differrent poop size.Here is the
measure of goodness higher the value better is the result. From table we
can see for popsize 24 we get higher . Hence we chose poposize =24
in GA tool box for better assignment.
GA Tool Box:
The GA Toolbox uses MATLAB matrix functions to build a set of
versatile routines for implementing a wide range of genetic algorithm
methods.