Professional Documents
Culture Documents
42
2015
DIRECTOR NSTOR A. CAFFERATTA
Revista de
DERECHO AMBIENTAL
Doctrina, Jurisprudencia, Legislacin y Prctica
Ventas
Talcahuano 494 - Tel.: (54-11) 5235-0030
Talcahuano 650 - Tel.: (54-11) 5235-9620
Figueroa Alcorta 2263 - Tel.: (54-11) 4803-2468
tr.serviciosalcliente@thomsonreuters.com
Buenos Aires - Argentina
DOCTRINA
La normal tolerancia (inmisiones) en el nuevo Cdigo Civil y Comercial, por CARLOS
A. RODRGUEZ ............................................................................................................. 1
&RQLFWRVDPELHQWDOHVHQODDJHQGDGHOD&RUWH6XSUHPD6XWUDWDPLHQWRFRPSH-
tencial, por DBORA VALLE ........................................................................................ 7
'HODSUHFDXFLyQDODLQQRYDFLyQUHVSRQVDEOHSRUMARIACHIARA TALLACCHINI ............ 51
DAO AMBIENTAL
1XHYDVQRUPDVVREUHUHVSRQVDELOLGDGFLYLOSRUGDxRVGHULYDGRVGHOPDQHMRGH
productos y desechos qumicos, por DAIMAR CNOVAS GONZLEZ ..........................
RECURSOS NATURALES
Administracin Pblica. $GPLQLVWUDFLyQGHVFHQWUDOL]DGDRDXWiUTXLFD(PSUH-
VDVGHO(VWDGR,QWHUHVHVFROHFWLYRV,QWHUHVHVGLIXVRV3URFHVRVFROHFWL-
YRV$FFLyQGHDPSDUR$FFHVRDODJXDSRWDEOH6HQWHQFLDTXHLQFRUSRUD
DODFDXVDXQQ~PHURH[RUELWDQWHGHDFWRUHV9LRODFLyQGHOGHUHFKRGHGH-
IHQVDHQMXLFLR&RUWH6XS ............................................................... 171
El derecho humano al agua en la jurisprudencia latinoamericana y de la Corte
6XSUHPD GH OD $UJHQWLQD 1DWXUDOH]D FROHFWLYD \ H[LJLELOLGDG LQPHGLDWD GHO
contenido mnimo, por MAURICIO PINTO y LIBER MARTN ..........................................
CASOS COMPLEJOS
/DVKHUUDPLHQWDVGHSDUWLFLSDFLyQS~EOLFD\ORVSXHEORVRULJLQDULRV0HFDQLVPRV
para una efectiva gestin de sus recursos naturales y los intereses que los
afectan, por AGUSTN B. BONAVERI ............................................................................
QGLFHGHFRODERUDGRUHV ................................................................................................ IX
ndice de materias ......................................................................................................... XI
ndice de partes ............................................................................................................. XIV
QGLFHGHWULEXQDOHV ....................................................................................................... XIV
AbeledoPerrot
ACTUALIDAD AMBIENTAL
DE LA PROVINCIA DE CRDOBA
por1(2**
5
La ley nacional general del ambiente 25.675 (2002) y la nueva ley ambiental
provincial de Crdoba 10.208 (2014) estipulan la necesidad de que los ciudadanos
afectados por una medida poltica ambiental concreta participen activamente en la
GHQLFLyQLPSOHPHQWDFLyQ\HYDOXDFLyQGHGLFKDGHFLVLyQSROtWLFD(VWHPDQGDWRSDU-
WLFLSDWLYRKDVLGRUHHMRGHOJLURGHOLEHUDWLYRSURGXFLGRGHVGHKDFHPiVGHWUHVGp-
FDGDVHQPDWHULDGHJREHUQDQ]DDPELHQWDO(VWH~OWLPRKDLPSOLFDGRODDGRSFLyQGH
XQDFRQFHSFLyQGHPRFUiWLFDGHOLEHUDWLYDFRPRIXHQWHGHHVWiQGDUHVQRUPDWLYRVGH
FRUUHFFLyQGLVHxR\HYDOXDFLyQGHQRUPDVPHGLGDVHLQVWLWXFLRQHVSROtWLFDVDPELHQ-
WDOHV$WHQGLHQGRDGLFKRPDUFRFRQFHSWXDOHOSUHVHQWHDUWtFXORWHQGUiSRUREMHWLYRV
SULQFLSDOHVH[SOLFLWDUORVHVWiQGDUHVQRUPDWLYRVSURSLRVGHXQDFRQFHSFLyQGHPR-
FUiWLFDGHOLEHUDWLYDDPELHQWDOUHFRQVWUXLUODVQRUPDVUHODWLYDVDSDUWLFLSDFLyQFLX-
GDGDQDHQXQFLDGDVHQODVOH\HV\\HYDOXDUVRPHUDPHQWHVLGL-
*
$JUDGH]FRDORVLQWHJUDQWHVGHO*UXSRGH,QYHVWLJDFLyQHQ'HUHFKR$PELHQWDO&,-681&
GLULJLGRSRUOD'UD06-XOLiSRUORVYDOLRVRVFRPHQWDULRVHIHFWXDGRVDXQDYHUVLyQSUHOLPLQDU
GHHVWHWUDEDMR
**
$ERJDGR81&3URIHVRUXQLYHUVLWDULR8&&'RFWRUDQGRHQ'HUHFKR\&LHQFLDV6RFLDOHV
81& FRQ %HFD 'RFWRUDO &21,&(7 0DHVWUDQGR HQ 'HUHFKR \ $UJXPHQWDFLyQ -XUtGLFD 81&
$GVFULSWRHQ'HUHFKR&RQVWLWXFLRQDO\eWLFD81&/XJDUGHWUDEDMR&HQWURGH,QYHVWLJDFLRQHV
-XUtGLFDV\6RFLDOHVGHOD)DFXOWDGGH'HUHFKR\&LHQFLDV6RFLDOHVGHOD81&
$&78$/,'$'$0%,(17$/'(/$3529,1&,$'(&5'2%$
FKDVQRUPDVYHUQiFXODVFXPSOHQRQR\HQTXpJUDGRFRQORVHVWiQGDUHVQRUPDWLYRV
LPSXHVWRVGHVGHDTXHOODFRQFHSFLyQGHPRFUiWLFD
I.,
/DVOH\HVQDFLRQDO\SURYLQFLDOGH&yUGREDKDQJHQHUDGRVHQGRVSUR-
JUHVRVQRUPDWLYRVHQVXVUHVSHFWLYDVMXULVGLFFLRQHV$PEDVGLVSRVLFLRQHVMXUtGLFDVKDQ
VLGRVDQFLRQDGDVHQFXPSOLPLHQWRGHODPDQGDGHODUWGHOD&RQVWLWXFLyQ1DFLRQDO
&1HOFXDOVHxDODTXH&RUUHVSRQGHDOD1DFLyQGLFWDUODVQRUPDVTXHFRQWHQJDQORV
SUHVXSXHVWRVPtQLPRVGHSURWHFFLyQ\DODVSURYLQFLDVODVQHFHVDULDVSDUDFRPSOHPHQ-
WDUODVVLQTXHDTXpOODVDOWHUHQODVMXULVGLFFLRQHVORFDOHVDUW&1SiUU
3RU XQ ODGR OD OH\ QDFLRQDO KD GRWDGR DO RUGHQDPLHQWR MXUtGLFR
DPELHQWDOQDFLRQDOGHREMHWLYRVSULQFLSLRVHLQVWUXPHQWRVHVSHFtFRVHQWDQWRHV-
WiQGDUHVUHJXODGRUHVGHODSROtWLFDS~EOLFDDPELHQWDODUJHQWLQDHQVXWRWDOLGDG/RV
presupuestos se dicen mnimosHQWDQWRODVSURYLQFLDV\PXQLFLSLRVSXHGHQOHJLVODU
DPSOLDQGRSHURQXQFDUHGXFLHQGRORGLVSXHVWRSRUODOH\-XOLi
3RUHORWURODOH\SURYLQFLDOGH&yUGREDVHKDVDQFLRQDGRDORVQHV
de complementar y ampliar lo normado en la ley 25.675.
(QDPEDVQRUPDWLYDVVHLQFRUSRUDFRQFDUiFWHUQHFHVDULRSDUDDOJXQRVVXSXHVWRV\
RSFLRQDOHQRWURVODparticipacin ciudadana de aquellos afectados (actuales o futuros)
GHXQDGHWHUPLQDGDMXULVGLFFLyQDGPLQLVWUDWLYDFRPRUHTXLVLWRVLQHTXDQRQSDUDODOH-
JLWLPLGDG\HFDFLDGHODVPHGLGDVDPELHQWDOHVDWRPDUHQGLFKRHPSOD]DPLHQWRFLYLO
La inclusin de la participacin ciudadana en materia ambiental es conteste con
un enfoque amplioGHOGHUHFKRDPELHQWDOFRQIRUPHHOFXDOGHEHVHUFRQFHELGRFRPR
XQGHUHFKRKXPDQRRSHUDWLYR\SRVLWLYR1. Desarrolla conceptos propios... y prin-
FLSLRVHVSHFtFRV1RWLHQHXQFDUiFWHUPHUDPHQWHHFRQyPLFR\VHUHODFLRQDFRQ
RWURVGHUHFKRVFRPRODLQIRUPDFLyQ\ODSDUWLFLSDFLyQ(WFKLFKXU\/RV
GHUHFKRVDODLQIRUPDFLyQ\SDUWLFLSDFLyQFLXGDGDQDVRQGHWLSRSROtWLFR\GHPXHVWUDQ
que la materia ambiental no es reducible a sus facetas o aspectos meramente mate-
ULDOHVHPStULFRVHFRQyPLFRVQLQRUPDWLYRVVLQRTXHGHEHFRQVLGHUDUVHLQFOXLGDOD
IDFHWDSROtWLFD(WFKLFKXU\
La causa de la incorporacin de este enfoque o perspectiva participativa en mate-
ULDDPELHQWDOUHVSRQGHDP~OWLSOHVIDFWRUHV(QFXDQWRDORVIDFWRUHVQRUPDWLYRVSXH-
GHKDOODUVHH[SOLFDFLyQDGLFKDLQQRYDFLyQMXUtGLFDHQODVGHFODUDFLRQHVGRFXPHQWRV
WUDWDGRV\OH\HVSUHH[LVWHQWHVHQPDWHULDDPELHQWDOTXHKDQH[SOLFLWDGRODUHOHYDQFLD
GHLQFRUSRUDUODVYRFHVGHORVFLXGDGDQRVHQORVSURFHVRSROtWLFRVDPELHQWDOHV%ORQ-
GLDX['HHVWHPRGRODSDUWLFLSDFLyQFLXGDGDQDVROYHQWDUtDXQJUDYH
SUREOHPDGHOHJLWLPLGDG(QUHODFLyQDORVIDFWRUHVHPStULFRVODVQRUPDVLQVWLWXFLR-
QHV\PHGLGDVDPELHQWDOHVKDQGHPRVWUDGRVHUPiVHFDFHV\HFLHQWHVFXDQGRVH
GLVHxDQLPSOHPHQWDQ\HYDO~DQFRQODFRODERUDFLyQGHDTXHOORVFLXGDGDQRVTXHVH
YHQDIHFWDGRVSRUHOODV%ORQGLDX[
1
$GHPiVGHOHQIRTXHDPSOLRHOSURIHVRU+-(WFKLFKXU\LGHQWLFDRWURVGRVHQIRTXHV
GLVtPLOHVDFHUFDGHOGHUHFKRDPELHQWDO(OSULPHURGHHOORVHVHOHQIRTXHUHVWULQJLGRHOFXDO
UHGXFHDOGHUHFKRDPELHQWDODVXVIDFHWDVHFRQyPLFD\QRUPDWLYD(OVHJXQGRGHQRPLQDGR
HQIRTXHVRFLDOHVPiVDEDUFDWLYRD~QTXHHOHQIRTXHDPSOLRHLQFOX\HQRVyORODVIDFHWDVHFR-
QyPLFDQRUPDWLYDPDWHULDO\SROtWLFDVLQRWDPELpQODVRFLDO(WFKLFKXU\
AbeledoPerrot
3$57,&,3$&,1&,8'$'$1$$0%,(17$/(1/$/(<1$&,21$/
II.'
(OFRQFHSWRGHGHPRFUDFLDGHOLEHUDWLYDKDVLGRH[SOLFLWDGRGHWDQWDVPDQHUDVGLV-
WLQWDVFRPRDXWRUHVVHKDQDERFDGRDVXHVWXGLR6LQHPEDUJRFDVLWRGDVODVGH-
QLFLRQHVFRLQFLGHQHQDOJXQRVSUHVXSXHVWRVPiVRPHQRVFRPXQHV$TXtDGRSWDUH-
PRVXQFRQFHSWRPtQLPRFRPSXHVWRSRUFLQFRHOHPHQWRVQRUPDWLYRVDVDEHU(
ODVQRUPDV\PHGLGDVSROtWLFDVVRQGHPRFUiWLFDPHQWHOHJtWLPDVsi y slo si resultan
MXVWLFDGDVWUDVODGHOLEHUDFLyQS~EOLFDHQWUHFLXGDGDQRV\UHSUHVHQWDQWHV(WRGRV
ORVFLXGDGDQRVGHEHQFRQVLGHUDUVHPRUDO\HSLVWpPLFDPHQWHFDSDFLWDGRVSDUDLQWHU-
YHQLUHQHOGHEDWHS~EOLFR\WRPDUGHFLVLRQHVSROtWLFDV'XUDQWHHOSURFHVRGHOLEHUD-
WLYRGHEHQHVFXFKDUVHUHVSHWDUVH\GLVFXWLUVHORVDUJXPHQWRVGHWRGRVORVSRVLEOHV
DIHFWDGRVSRUODQRUPDRPHGLGDSROtWLFDHQFXHVWLyQ(HOPRGHORGHPRFUiWLFRGH-
OLEHUDWLYRDGRSWDXQFULWHULRHSLVWpPLFRLQWHUVXEMHWLYRGHYDOLGDFLyQGHORVUHVXOWDGRV
DOFDQ]DGRV/DGHOLEHUDFLyQHVXQSURFHVRDXWRFRUUHFWLYRFX\RVUHVXOWDGRVVRQQRU-
PDWLYDPHQWHSURYLVLRQDOHVDWHQWRDTXHHVWiQVRPHWLGRVDFRQWLQXDUHYLVLyQ(D
GLIHUHQFLDGHODVFRQFHSFLRQHVGHPRFUiWLFDVDJUHJDFLRQLVWDVODGHPRFUDFLDGHOLEH-
UDWLYDQRWRPDDODVSUHIHUHQFLDVGHORVLQGLYLGXRVFRPRMDVRHVWiWLFDVVLQRTXHDG-
PLWHODWUDQVIRUPDFLyQGHHOODV\(HOPRGHORGHPRFUiWLFRGHOLEHUDWLYRWLHQHSRU
REMHWLYRVFHQWUDOHVDSURPRYHUHOUHVSHWRPXWXRHQWUHFLXGDGDQRVDVtFRPREIDFL-
litar la resolucin de aquellos desacuerdos polticos existentes al interior de cada so-
FLHGDGGHPRFUiWLFD2.
2
/DVWHVLWXUDVDTXtIRUPXODGDVHVWiQHQFRQIRUPLGDGFRQODVWHRUL]DFLRQHVYHUWLGDVHQ
0DUWtFDSV*DUJDUHOOD*XWPDQQ\7KRPSVRQFDSV
(QFXDQWRDVXWUDVFHQGHQFLD\JUDGRGHDFHSWDFLyQWHyULFDFDEHGHVWDFDUTXHOD
GHOLEHUDWLYDVHKDFRQYHUWLGRHQODFRQFHSFLyQGHPRFUiWLFDPiVLQX\HQWHGHODV~O-
WLPDVWUHVGpFDGDVHQWUHORVOyVRIRV\FLHQWLVWDVSROtWLFRV7DOKDVLGRODPDJQLWXG
GHVXLQXHQFLDTXHVXVSULQFLSDOHVSUHVXSXHVWRVKDQVLGRDVLPLODGRVSRUGLVWLQWDV
iUHDV GHO GHUHFKR S~EOLFR SROtWLFR R FRQVWLWXFLRQDO (QWUH GLFKDV iUHDV HVSHFtFDV
GHVWDFDHOGHUHFKRDPELHQWDO(QHVWHVHQWLGRVHKDVHxDODGRTXHIUXWRGHHVWHQXH-
YRUXPERQRUPDWLYRHQODVFLHQFLDVSROtWLFDV\MXUtGLFDVHVTXHVHKDSURGXFLGRun giro
deliberativo en materia de gobernanza ambiental.
'LFKRJLURGHOLEHUDWLYRHQPDWHULDGHJREHUQDQ]DDPELHQWDOKDLPSOLFDGRODVDQ-
FLyQOHJLVODWLYD\SXHVWDHQSUiFWLFDGHGLVHxRVLQVWLWXFLRQDOHVPHQRVSLUDPLGDOHVR
MHUiUTXLFRV\PiVFRRSHUDWLYRV\KRUL]RQWDOHV%lFNVWUDQG(VWDQXHYDWy-
nica dialgica en materia ambiental tiene por norte superar el tipo de interaccin ago-
QDORDJRQtVWLFDSURSLRGHODFRQFHSFLyQGHPRFUiWLFDDJUHJDWLYDDGRSWDGDSRUORVSUL-
PHURVFRQVWLWXFLRQDOLVWDVODWLQRDPHULFDQRV*DUJDUHOOD4.
La idea central propuesta desde la gobernanza deliberativa ambiental es que los
GLVWLQWRVDFWRUHVSROtWLFRVVHDQIXQFLRQDULRVGHDOJXQRGHORVSRGHUHVFRQVWLWXLGRV
PLHPEURVGHRUJDQL]DFLRQHVFLYLOHVRSROtWLFDVRVLPSOHVFLXGDGDQRVGLVFXWDQHQFRQ-
MXQWRORVREMHWLYRVQDOLGDGHVQRUPDVPHGLGDVLQVWLWXFLRQHVVDQFLRQHVHWFTXH
DGRSWDUiODSROtWLFDS~EOLFDDPELHQWDODOLQWHULRUGHFDGDVRFLHGDGGHPRFUiWLFD
'HHVWHPRGRGHVGHXQDFRQFHSFLyQGHOLEHUDWLYDGHODJREHUQDQ]DDPELHQWDOVH
SUHWHQGHHPSRGHUDUODVYRFHVGHDTXHOORVVXMHWRVDIHFWDGRVSRUXQDPHGLGDDPELHQ-
WDOSHUPLWLHQGRTXHWHQJDQHOODVXQDUHDOLQMHUHQFLDQRVyORHQHOGLVHxRVLQRWDP-
ELpQHQODHYDOXDFLyQGHGLFKDPHGLGD
(VWDSURSXHVWDQRUPDWLYDQRKDHPHUJLGRGHORVJDUDEDWRVHLGHDVDLVODGDVGHXQ
FLHQWLVWDSROtWLFRVLWXDGRHQODVROHGDGGHVXGHVSDFKRVLQRGHXQDUHDOQHFHVLGDG
FLXGDGDQD'HHVWHPRGRODGHPRFUDFLDGHOLEHUDWLYDWLHQHXQIXHUWHVXVWHQWRHPStUL-
co y no meramente uno normativo.
(QHVWHVHQWLGR%ORQGLDX[DUPDTXHODIXHU]DDUJXPHQWDWLYDGHOLGHDOGHPRFUi-
WLFRGHOLEHUDWLYRRSDUWLFLSDWLYRVHGHEHDODFUHHQFLDGHTXHpOPLVPRLPSOLFDRIUHFHU
una respuesta ciudadana adaptada a las distintas evoluciones estructurales produci-
GDVHQODVVRFLHGDGHVGHPRFUiWLFDVFRQWHPSRUiQHDV(VWDV~OWLPDVSXHGHQVHUFD-
UDFWHUL]DGDVFRPRHVWUXFWXUDVSROtWLFDVFDGDYH]PiVFRPSOHMDVGLYHUVDVUH-
H[LYDVDQiUTXLFDVGHVFRQDGDVLQJREHUQDEOHV%ORQGLDX[
/DGHPRFUDFLDGHOLEHUDWLYDQDFHFRPRFRQFHSFLyQWHyULFDDSULQFLSLRVGHORVDxRV
HQUHVSXHVWDDORVFUHFLHQWHVSHGLGRVGHORVFLXGDGDQRVGHVRFLHGDGHVGHPo-
(QHVWHVHQWLGRFLHUWRVDXWRUHVFRQVLGHUDQTXHDWHQWRDODOWRJUDGRGHDGKHVLyQTXHKD
UHFLELGRHOPRGHORGHOLEHUDWLYRSXHGHDUPDUVHTXHpOKDDOFDQ]DGRHOHVWDWXVHSLVWHPROyJLFRGH
SDUDGLJPDQRUPDWLYRHQHOPDUFRGHDTXHOODUDPDGHODORVRItDSROtWLFDTXHVHDERFDDOHVWXGLR
del concepto de democracia. La nocin de paradigma normativo es entendida aqu como aquella
SHUVSHFWLYDQRUPDWLYDVREUHODFXDOH[LVWHXQDPSOLRFRQVHQVRHQWUHORVFLHQWtFRVSROtWLFRV$O
UHVSHFWRGHODGLVFXVLyQDFDGpPLFDVREUHODSRVWXUDGHTXHHOPRGHORGHPRFUiWLFRGHOLEHUDWLYR
FRQVWLWX\HDFWXDOPHQWHXQSDUDGLJPDQRUPDWLYRYpDVH3DUNLQVRQ0DQVEULGJHHWDO
4
&RPRVHxDOD%ORQGLDX[/DVGHPRFUDFLDVFRQWHPSRUiQHDVVHHQFXHQWUDQHQODE~V-
TXHGDGHXQQXHYRHVStULWXGHQXHYRVIXQGDPHQWRVODVIRUPDVFOiVLFDVGHODUHSUHVHQWDFLyQ
SROtWLFDVREUHYLYHQSHURVXOHJLWLPLGDGVHGHELOLWD\VXHFDFLDVHGHFOLQD(OSRGHUGHODVLQVWL-
WXFLRQHVUHSUHVHQWDWLYDVHVWiJROSHDGRHQWRGDVSDUWHVVXDXWRULGDGGLVFXWLGD\VXFDSDFLGDG
SDUDLPSRQHUGHFLVLRQHVGHVGHDUULEDIXHUWHPHQWHHURVLRQDGD%ORQGLDX[
AbeledoPerrot
3$57,&,3$&,1&,8'$'$1$$0%,(17$/(1/$/(<1$&,21$/
FUiWLFDVGHXQPD\RUSRGHUGHLQMHUHQFLDHQODVGLVFXVLRQHV\GHFLVLRQHVSROtWLFDVGH
VXSDtV'LFKRUHFODPRGHXQDPD\RUSDUWLFLSDFLyQHQODFRVDS~EOLFDREHGHFLyDQX-
PHURVDVFDXVDOHVHQWUHHOODVDOWRVtQGLFHVGHDH[FOXVLyQ\PDUJLQDOLGDGGHQXPH-
URVDVYRFHVGHFLXGDGDQRVFRPXQHV\ELQHSWLWXGLQHFDFLDLQHFLHQFLD\FRUUXS-
FLyQ GH ORV IXQFLRQDULRV \ HPSOHDGRV HOHFWRV \ QR HOHFWRV SRU OD FLXGDGDQtD SDUD
UHVROYHUSUREOHPDVSROtWLFRV(QHVWHVHQWLGRODQHFHVLGDGGHXQDPD\RUGHOLEHUDFLyQ
\SDUWLFLSDFLyQFLXGDGDQDHQPDWHULDSROtWLFDQRVyORVHMXVWLFDHQSUHPLVDVPRUD-
OHVLJXDOLWDULDVUHODWLYDVDSRVLELOLWDUXQJHQXLQRDXWRJRELHUQRGHPRFUiWLFRVLQRWDP-
ELpQHQWpUPLQRVHSLVWpPLFRVGHOOHJDUDPHMRUHVUHVXOWDGRVTXHORVREWHQLGRVPH-
GLDQWHODDGRSFLyQGHXQDFRQFHSFLyQGHPRFUiWLFDUHSUHVHQWDWLYDFOiVLFD
'HHVWHPRGRODOHJLWLPLGDGGHPRFUiWLFDGHOLEHUDWLYDGHODVQRUPDVPHGLGDVH
LQVWLWXFLRQHVSROtWLFDVGHSHQGHGHODH[LVWHQFLDGHXQGLiORJRHQWUHORVH[SHUWRVHQGL-
VHxR\JHVWLyQSROtWLFD\ORVFLXGDGDQRVFRPXQHV$WHQWRDORFXDOODVGLVFXVLRQHV\
GHFLVLRQHVDPELHQWDOHVGHMDQGHHVWDUEDMRHOPRQRSROLRGHXQDVSRFDVYRFHVDXWRUL-
]DGDVVHDQH[SHUWDVRSROtWLFDVSDUDLQFOXLUWDPELpQODVYRFHVGHORVFLXGDGDQRVFR-
PXQHV&HUUR(QRWUDVSDODEUDVODOHJLWLPLGDGGHPRFUiWLFDGHODVQRUPDV
medidas e instituciones ambientales depende de la existencia previa de un real y ge-
QXLQRSURFHVRGHGLVFXVLyQ\GHFLVLyQSROtWLFR&RKHQ
(QFRQVHFXHQFLDSXHGHVRVWHQHUVHTXHWUHVGHlas implicanciasPiVUHOHYDQWHV
GHDVXPLUXQDFRQFHSFLyQGHOLEHUDWLYDGHJREHUQDQ]DDPELHQWDOHVWiQGDGDVSRUOD
adopcin de esquemas de discusin y decisin: a) horizontalesEdescentralizados y
c) cooperativos(OSULPHURGHGLFKRVFDUDFWHUHVLPSRQHODQHFHVLGDGGHURPSHUFRQ
ODVKDELWXDOHVOyJLFDVMHUiUTXLFDV\EXURFUiWLFDVTXHLPSLGHQODFRQVHFXFLyQHIHFWLYD
GHDTXHOORVQHVDPELHQWDOHVWUD]DGRVHQODQRUPDWLYD(OVHJXQGRKDFHDOXVLyQD
HVWUXFWXUDVGHSRGHUQRFHQWUDOL]DGDVWHQLHQGRSRUPHWDHYLWDUODFRQFHQWUDFLyQGHO
SRGHU~QLFDPHQWHHQXQDVSRFDVYRFHVVXSHULRUHVHQUDQJRDGPLQLVWUDWLYRRVXSXHV-
WDPHQWHH[SHUWDVHQGHWHUPLQDGRDVSHFWRWpFQLFR)LQDOPHQWHHOWHUFHURGHWHUPLQD
ODFRPSOHPHQWDULHGDGGHODFFLRQDUGHODVLQVWDQFLDVKRUL]RQWDOHV\GHVFHQWUDOL]DGDV
DODKRUDGHGLVHxDUHYDOXDURUHIRUPXODUQRUPDVPHGLGDVRLQVWLWXFLRQHVSROtWLFDV
,,,//1*
$ 25.675 /3$
&10.208
(QSULPHUOXJDUODVOH\HV\HVWDEOHFHQTXHODSROtWLFDS~EOLFDDP-
ELHQWDOWLHQHFLHUWRVREMHWLYRV$ORVQHVGHDOFDQ]DUORVGLVSRQHODFUHDFLyQGHGRVWL-
SRVGHKHUUDPLHQWDVMXUtGLFDVDVDEHUDQRUPDWLYDV\EHPStULFDV
Las herramientas normativas son los diez principios polticos que regulan el proce-
VRGHLQWHUSUHWDFLyQ\DSOLFDFLyQGHORUGHQDPLHQWRMXUtGLFRDPELHQWDODUJHQWLQR/DV
herramientas empricas VRQ ORV LQVWUXPHQWRV GH JHVWLyQ SROtWLFD D VDEHU LQIRUPD-
FLyQHGXFDFLyQSDUWLFLSDFLyQDXGLHQFLDFRQVXOWDHYDOXDFLyQHWF(QHVWHHVTXHPD
FRQFHSWXDOODSDUWLFLSDFLyQFLXGDGDQDHVFRQFHELGDFRPRXQRGHORVLQVWUXPHQWRV
de la poltica y gestin ambiental5.
5
&RPR VHxDOD 0 0 &HUUR (O GHUHFKR D OD SDUWLFLSDFLyQ FLXGDGDQD KD VLGR UHFRQRFL-
GRFRQODLQFRUSRUDFLyQFRQMHUDUTXtDFRQVWLWXFLRQDOGHGLYHUVRVWUDWDGRVLQWHUQDFLRQDOHVHQHO
(QVHJXQGROXJDUGLFKDVOH\HVHVWDEOHFHQFLHUWDVUHODFLRQHVHQWUHORVLQVWUXPHQ-
WRVHPStULFRVGHJHVWLyQ(QWpUPLQRVJHQHUDOHVODVUHODFLRQHVVRQGHDigualdad o
complementariedad\Esubordinacin o sujecin(QHOFDVRGHODSDUWLFLSDFLyQFLX-
GDGDQDSXHGHVHxDODUVHTXHVHGDQFRQORVUHVWDQWHVLQVWUXPHQWRVGHJHVWLyQDP-
ERVWLSRVGHUHODFLRQHV3RUXQODGRHVWiHQLJXDOGDGRSDULGDGFRQHOORVGHVGHXQD
perspectiva sistmicaFRQIRUPHODFXDOODSROtWLFDDPELHQWDODORVQHVGHFXPSOLU
HIHFWLYDPHQWHFRQVXVREMHWLYRVUHTXLHUHGHODDGHFXDGDXWLOL]DFLyQGHWRGRVORVLQV-
WUXPHQWRVHPStULFRVGHJHVWLyQ3RUHORWURGHVGHXQDperspectiva unitariaODSDUWL-
FLSDFLyQFLXGDGDQDVXERUGLQDDVXQDOLGDGGHDXWRJRELHUQRGHPRFUiWLFRORVLQVWUX-
PHQWRVGHLQIRUPDFLyQHGXFDFLyQDXGLHQFLDFRQVXOWD\HYDOXDFLyQ66LQHPEDUJR
GHVGHXQDSHUVSHFWLYDVLVWpPLFDWDPELpQSXHGHYHUVHDODSDUWLFLSDFLyQFLXGDGDQD
FRPRXQDSUHFRQGLFLyQPiVMXQWRFRQODGHLQIRUPDFLyQ\HGXFDFLyQSDUDODUHDOL-
]DFLyQDGHFXDGD\HIHFWLYDGHOSURFHVRGHHYDOXDFLyQGHLPSDFWRDPELHQWDO9HDPRV
HQWRQFHVORVDUWtFXORVHVSHFtFRVHQORVTXHDPEDVOH\HVUHHUHQDOPHFDQLVPRGH
participacin ciudadana.
3RU XQ ODGR OD /H\ *HQHUDO GHO $PELHQWH GHVWLQD XQ FDStWXOR HQWHUR DO
LQVWLWXWR GH SDUWLFLSDFLyQ FLXGDGDQD 0iV SUHFLVDPHQWH UHJXOD GLFKR WySLFR HQ ORV
DUWV\
(QSULPHUOXJDUHODUWVHxDODTXHWRGDSHUVRQDWLHQHderecho a ser consul-
tada y a opinar en procedimientos administrativos que se relacionen con la preserva-
cin y proteccinGHODPELHQWHTXHVHDQGHincidencia general o particular\GHDO-
FDQFHJHQHUDOGHVWDFDGRSURSLR
(QHVWHDUWtFXORVHVRVWLHQHTXHFXDOTXLHULQGLYLGXRTXHKDELWHHOVXHORDUJHQWLQR
\FXPSODFRQORVUHTXLVLWRVSDUDVHUFLXGDGDQRSRVHHXQDIDFXOWDGRGHUHFKRGHTXH
VHUHTXLHUDVXFRQVLGHUDFLyQ\DVHDHQIRUPDGHFRQVXOWDXRSLQLyQUHVSHFWRGHOSUR-
FHGHUGHOD$GPLQLVWUDFLyQ3~EOLFDHQPDWHULDDPELHQWDOVHYHDpOGLUHFWDPHQWHDIHF-
WDGRSRUTXHODQRUPDLQVWLWXFLyQRPHGLGDDIHFWDSDUWLFXODUPHQWHVXOXJDUGHUHVL-
GHQFLDRELHQLQGLUHFWDPHQWHSRUTXHODDIHFWDFLyQVHSURGXFHDXQHFRVLVWHPDPiV
amplio que lo incluye.
(QVHJXQGROXJDUHODUWLPSRQHDODVDXWRULGDGHVSROtWLFDVDUJHQWLQDVODREOL-
JDFLyQ GH LQVWLWXFLRQDOL]DU SURFHGLPLHQWRV GH consultas o audiencias pblicas
como instancias obligatorias para la autorizacin de aquellas actividades que puedan
JHQHUDUHIHFWRVQHJDWLYRV\VLJQLFDWLYRVVREUHHODPELHQWH$VXYH]GLFKRDUWtFXOR
VHxDODTXHHOSURQXQFLDPLHQWRGHORVFLXGDGDQRVVHDIDYRUDEOHRFRQWUDULRDODVGLV-
SRVLFLRQHVDGPLQLVWUDWLYDVno ser vinculante para las autoridades convocantes
DUWLQF\JDUDQWL]DGRVHQOD&RQVWLWXFLyQ1DFLRQDOHQORVDUWV\/DUH-
JODPHQWDFLyQGHHVWHGHUHFKRFRQVWLWXFLRQDOOOHYyDO3RGHU(MHFXWLYR1DFLRQDODDSUREDUHOGHF
LQFRUSRUDGRVHQGLVWLQWRVDQH[RVWDOHVFRPRDDXGLHQFLDVS~EOLFDVESXEOLFLGDG
GHJHVWLyQGHLQWHUHVHVSDUDODHODERUDFLyQSDUWLFLSDWLYDGHQRUPDVFGHDFFHVRDODLQIRUPD-
FLyQS~EOLFDGDFFHVROLEUH\JUDWXLWRDLQWHUQHWDODHGLFLyQGLDULDGHO%ROHWtQ2FLDOGH$UJHQWLQD
\HUHXQLRQHVDELHUWDVGHORVHQWHVUHJXODGRUHVGHVHUYLFLRVS~EOLFRV&HUUR
6
(QRWUDVSDODEUDVHOKHFKRGHTXHORVFLXGDGDQRVHVWpQGHELGDPHQWHLQIRUPDGRVHGX-
FDGRVTXHVHDQRtGRVDXGLHQFLD\FRQVXOWDS~EOLFD\WHQJDQLQXHQFLDUHDOHQHOSURFHVRGH
GLVHxRLPSOHPHQWDFLyQ\HYDOXDFLyQGHODVSROtWLFDVS~EOLFDVDPELHQWDOHVYXHOYHDORVLQVWUX-
PHQWRVGHLQIRUPDFLyQHGXFDFLyQ\HYDOXDFLyQSUHFRQGLFLRQHVSDUDXQDDGHFXDGDSDUWLFLSD-
cin ciudadana.
AbeledoPerrot
3$57,&,3$&,1&,8'$'$1$$0%,(17$/(1/$/(<1$&,21$/
7
(ODGYHUELRGHMHUDUTXtDSULQFLSDOPHQWHGHQRWDTXHODSDUWLFLSDFLyQFLXGDGDQDHVWiSHU-
PLWLGD HQ VHQWLGR GpELO QR SURKLELGD HQ RWURV VXSXHVWRV TXH QR VHDQ ORV GH HYDOXDFLyQ GH
impacto ambiental y ordenamiento territorial.
(ODUWGHODOH\UHSURGXFHVXVWDQFLDOPHQWHORVHxDODGRHQHODUWGH
ODOH\VDOYRSRUGRVPHMRUDVRDYDQFHVVLJQLFDWLYRV(QSULPHUOXJDUDPSOtD
HOREMHWRGHRSLQLyQFLXGDGDQDQRVyORDODVDFWLYLGDGHVDGPLQLVWUDWLYDVVLQRDWRGR
WLSRGHDFFLRQHVREUDVRDFWLYLGDGHV(QVHJXQGROXJDUODDGMHWLYDFLyQGHWDOHVDFWL-
YLGDGHVQRHVWiUHIHULGDH[FOXVLYDPHQWHDXQQSURWHFWLYRRSUHYHQWLYRVLQRPXFKR
PiVJHQHUDO\DPSOLRDWHQWRDTXHGLFHTXHSXHGDQDIHFWDUHODPELHQWHVXVHOH-
PHQWRVRODFDOLGDGGHYLGDGHODSREODFLyQ
(ODUWHVSHFLFDXQSDUWLFXODUWLSRGHUHODFLyQHQWUHHOLQVWUXPHQWRGHSDUWLFL-
SDFLyQFLXGDGDQD\HOGHHYDOXDFLyQGHLPSDFWRDPELHQWDOVHxDODQGRTXHHOSULPH-
ro debe ser entendido como un proceso consultivo que funciona como un componente
del segundo en tanto proceso de evaluacin crtico de los futuros resultados ambienta-
OHV$VXYH]GLFKRDUWtFXORH[SOLFLWDFXiOHVVRQODVYHQWDMDVTXHLPSOLFDOOHYDUDGHODQWH
DTXHOSURFHVRFRQVXOWLYRSDUWLFLSDWLYRDVDEHUD,QIRUPDDORVFLXGDGDQRV\SURPXH-
YHHOGHEDWHVREUHHOSUR\HFWRE$VHJXUDODWUDQVSDUHQFLDGHORVDFWRVTXHVHUHDOL]DQ
HQOD$GPLQLVWUDFLyQ3~EOLFD\SURPXHYHHOFRQRFLPLHQWRHOFRQWHQLGR\ORVIXQGDPHQ-
tos de las decisiones8F2SWLPL]DODFDOLGDGWpFQLFD\GHPRFUiWLFDGHODSURSXHVWD\
GHODVGHFLVLRQHVG3URPXHYHODDSURSLDFLyQGHORVEHQHFLRVGHOSUR\HFWRSRUODFLX-
GDGDQtDH3UHYLHQHORVFRQLFWRV\FRQWULEX\HDVXVROXFLyQ\I*DUDQWL]DODRSRUWX-
nidad para opinar a toda persona o comunidad que pueda ser afectada por los resul-
WDGRVGHODUHDOL]DFLyQGHXQSUR\HFWRREUDGHLQIUDHVWUXFWXUDLQGXVWULDRDFWLYLGDG
(ODUWSRUVXSDUWHGHQHFXiOHVVRQORVWUHVLQVWUXPHQWRVTXHDVXYH]FRP-
SRQHQHOSURFHVRGHSDUWLFLSDFLyQFLXGDGDQDVLHQGRHOORVDLQIRUPDFLyQ\GLYXOJD-
FLyQGHOSUR\HFWREDXGLHQFLDS~EOLFD\FFRQVXOWDSRSXODUDPELHQWDO
'HVGH XQD FRQFHSFLyQ GHOLEHUDWLYD GH JREHUQDQ]D DPELHQWDO GLFKR DUW UH-
VXOWDREMHWDEOHHOORDWHQWRDTXHVRVWLHQHTXHWRGDSRVLELOLGDGGHLQIRUPDFLyQHGX-
FDFLyQ\SDUWLFLSDFLyQDPELHQWDOVHUHGXFHDVXSXHVWRVFRQFUHWRVHVSHFtFRVDFR-
WDGRVHQORVFXDOHVODPLVPtVLPD$GPLQLVWUDFLyQLQIRUPDHGXFDRFRQYRFD'LFKD
perspectiva cortoplacista impide la formacin de una cultura ambientalista general
\SHUPDQHQWHHQODFXDOODLQIRUPDFLyQHGXFDFLyQ\RSLQLyQVHDXQGHUHFKRGHEHU
HMHUFLGRKDELWXDOPHQWHSRUWRGRVORVFLXGDGDQRV\QRVyORSRUDOJXQRVGHPDQHUDHV-
SRUiGLFD\FRQWLQJHQWH.
(QWpUPLQRVGHOGHEHUGHLQIRUPDUDGHFXDGDPHQWHDODFLXGDGDQtDSUHVXSXHV-
WRHVHQFLDOGHWRGDSDUWLFLSDFLyQFLXGDGDQDFDEHVHxDODUHODUWVRVWLHQHTXHHO
SURSRQHQWHGHOSUR\HFWRHPSUHVDULDOTXHWHQJDLQFLGHQFLDDPELHQWDOGHEHKDFHUS~-
EOLFDODGHFLVLyQGHLQLFLDUGLFKRSUR\HFWRHQPHGLRVGHFRPXQLFDFLRQHVPXQLFLSDOHV
\UHJLRQDOHVH[SOLFLWDQGRQDWXUDOH]DREMHWLYRSURSyVLWR\ORFDOL]DFLyQH[DFWDGHpO
8
$O LJXDO TXH HO DUW GH OD OH\ QDFLRQDO HV HYLGHQWH TXH HO DUW GH OD
OH\UHHUH~QLFDPHQWHFRPRREMHWRGHDQiOLVLVRFRQVXOWDSDUDODSDUWLFLSDFLyQFLXGD-
GDQDDORVDFWRVDGPLQLVWUDWLYRVFRQFUHWRVUHGXFLHQGRDVtQRWDEOHPHQWHORVVXSXHVWRVGRQGH
cabe su aplicacin.
3DUD SRVLELOLWDU XQ SURFHVR JHQHUDO \ FRQVWDQWH GH LQIRUPDFLyQ HGXFDFLyQ \ RSLQLyQ
FLXGDGDQD HQ PDWHULD DPELHQWDO FRQVLGHUDPRV TXH GHELHUDQ LQVWUXPHQWDUVH PHGLGDV WDOHV
FRPRDLQFRUSRUDUXQEROHWtQRFLDODPELHQWDOHOHFWUyQLFR\HQVRSRUWHSDSHOGRQGHVHLQIRU-
PHFRQVWDQWHPHQWHHQFDGDMXULVGLFFLyQDGPLQLVWUDWLYDDFHUFDGHVXUHDOLGDGDPELHQWDO\EXQ
IRURDPELHQWDOGHOLEHUDWLYRGHSHQGLHQWHGHXQyUJDQRH[WUDSRGHUGRQGHH[LVWDODSRVLELOLGDG
FRQVWDQWHGHSDUWLFLSDU\GLVFXWLUVREUHODVQRUPDVPHGLGDVHLQVWLWXFLRQHVDPELHQWDOHV
AbeledoPerrot
3$57,&,3$&,1&,8'$'$1$$0%,(17$/(1/$/(<1$&,21$/ 241
3RUVXSDUWHHODUWHVSHFLFDORVSRUPHQRUHVGHOproceso de audiencia p-
blicaHOFXDOGHEHDVHUFRQGXFLGR\FRRUGLQDGRSRUODDXWRULGDGGHDSOLFDFLyQE
FRQLQIRUPDFLyQSURYLVWDSRUHOSURSRQHQWHGHOSUR\HFWRFUHDOL]DUVHHQOD]RQDGH
LQXHQFLDGHOSUR\HFWRFRQSDUWLFLSDFLyQDELHUWDDOS~EOLFRGVHUGHFDUiFWHUREOLJD-
torio para todos los proyectos que deban ser sometidos a evaluacin de impacto am-
ELHQWDO\HVXVUHVXOWDGRVGHEHQVHUDQDOL]DGRVSRUODDXWRULGDGGHDSOLFDFLyQHQ
RSRUWXQLGDGGHH[SHGLUVHFRQIXQGDPHQWDFLyQWpFQLFD
$VXWXUQRHODUWLQFRUSRUDRWURSURFHVRGHSDUWLFLSDFLyQFLXGDGDQDHOFXDO
denomina consulta popular ambiental (VWH SURFHVR FRQVXOWLYR DGPLWH GRV PRGDOL-
dades: a) obligatoria y b) facultativa. La modalidad obligatoria procede ante aquellos
FDVRVHQORVTXHH[LVWDQSUR\HFWRVGHLQFLGHQFLDDPELHQWDO\DDSUREDGRVFX\RVSUR-
FHVRV GH HYDOXDFLyQ GH LPSDFWR DPELHQWDO KD\DQ VLGR FDWHJRUL]DGRV FRPR GH DOWD
FRPSOHMLGDGDPELHQWDO\JHQHUHQHVSHFLDOFRQLFWRVRFLDO/Dmodalidad facultativa
RFLDFXDQGRHO3RGHU/HJLVODWLYR\HO3RGHU(MHFXWLYRSURYLQFLDOH[LJHQVXLPSOHPHQ-
WDFLyQDWHQGLHQGRDFULWHULRVSROtWLFRVGHRSRUWXQLGDG\FRQYHQLHQFLDRDVtWDPELpQ
SRGUi FRQYRFDUVH FXDQGR OD SREODFLyQ GHO iUHD SRWHQFLDOPHQWH DIHFWDGD OR SUR-
PXHYDFRQVXUPD$QXHVWURHQWHQGHUODSDUWLFXODULGDGGHHVWHSURFHVRFRQVXOWLYR
reside en que la coercitividad de sus resultados no se determina a priori sino ex-post
conforme las consideraciones vertidas por la autoridad de aplicacin en su resolucin
QDODFHUFDGHORWRUJDPLHQWRRQRGHODOLFHQFLDDPELHQWDO(QRWUDVSDODEUDVHOFD-
UiFWHUvinculante o no vinculante del resultado obtenido tras la consulta depende de
ODDSUHFLDFLyQFRQFUHWDGHGLFKDDXWRULGDGGHDSOLFDFLyQ
$PD\RUDEXQGDPLHQWRHODUWVHxDODTXHODFRQVXOWDSRSXODUDPELHQWDOGHEH
VHUFRQYRFDGDSRUODDXWRULGDGGHDSOLFDFLyQ\HVWiQKDELOLWDGDVDSDUWLFLSDUHQHOOD
WRGDVDTXHOODVSHUVRQDVItVLFDVUHJLVWUDGDVHQHO~OWLPRSDGUyQHOHFWRUDOGHODORFD-
OLGDG\RUHJLyQSRWHQFLDOPHQWHDIHFWDGDVSRUODUHDOL]DFLyQGHOSUR\HFWR
$OUHVSHFWRGHGLFKRDUWGHEHVHxDODUVHTXHpODGRSWDXQDconcepcin res-
tringida de sujeto polticoHQWHQGLHQGRSRUWDODWRGRDTXHOFLXGDGDQRKDELOLWDGROH-
JDOPHQWHSDUDHMHUFHUHOGHUHFKRSROtWLFRGHYRWReVWDVHFRQWUDSRQHDODconcepcin
amplia de sujeto polticoDGRSWDGDGHVGHXQDFRQFHSFLyQGHOLEHUDWLYDDPELHQWDOFRQ-
IRUPHODFXDOHVWRGRFLXGDGDQRPRUDORPDWHULDOPHQWHDIHFWDGRSRUODQRUPDPHGL-
da o institucin poltica ambiental a adoptar.
)LQDOPHQWHHODUWVHxDODTXHODDXWRULGDGGHDSOLFDFLyQWLHQHODREOLJDFLyQGH
DJDUDQWL]DUTXHtoda personaODVorganizaciones que las representan y el Defen-
sor del Pueblo de la provincia de Crdoba tengan instancias de participacin para ser
HVFXFKDGRVFXDQGRORVPHFDQLVPRVQRKD\DQVLGRSUHYLVWRV\EHVWDEOHFHUORV
UHTXLVLWRVRSRUWXQLGDGSOD]RV\ODVH[LJHQFLDVGHUHSUHVHQWDWLYLGDGGHODVROLFLWXG
'LFKRDUWVHxDODODQHFHVLGDGGHJDUDQWL]DUODHIHFWLYDSDUWLFLSDFLyQFLXGDGD-
QDHQPDWHULDDPELHQWDOGHWUHVWLSRVGHVXMHWRVDWRGDSHUVRQDTXHKDELWHGLFKDFLU-
FXQVFULSFLyQDGPLQLVWUDWLYDEXQDRUJDQL]DFLyQUHSUHVHQWDWLYDGHODFLXGDGDQtDOR-
FDO\FHO'HIHQVRUGHO3XHEOR6LQHPEDUJRPLHQWUDVODOHJLWLPDFLyQSURFHVDODFWLYD
SDUDDFFHGHUDODMXVWLFLDDPELHQWDOQRLQFOX\DHIHFWLYDPHQWHDGLFKRVVXMHWRVUHVXO-
WDUiLPSRVLEOHTXHHOORVWHQJDQXQDUHDOLQMHUHQFLDHQODVGHFLVLRQHVDPELHQWDOHVSUR-
YLQFLDOHV&DVRFRQWUDULRORQRUPDGRHQHVWHDUWtFXORFRUUHULHVJRGHYROYHUVHXQPHUR
artilugio retrico para mantener el statu quo poltico en materia ambiental provincial.
,9(25.675
/3$ 10.208
(QHVWHDSDUWDGRQRVDERFDUHPRVDODHYDOXDFLyQQRUPDWLYDGHOFDUiFWHUGHPR-
FUiWLFRGHOLEHUDWLYRGHORVLQVWUXPHQWRVGHSDUWLFLSDFLyQFLXGDGDQDLQVWLWXLGRVSRUODV
QRUPDV\$OUHVSHFWRFDEHVHxDODUGRVWLSRVGHREMHFLRQHVQRUPDWL-
YDV3RUXQODGRobjeciones normativas generalesDSOLFDEOHVDWRGRGLVHxRDPELHQ-
WDOGHOLEHUDWLYR3RUHORWURREMHFLRQHVQRUPDWLYDVHVSHFtFDVDSOLFDEOHV~QLFDPHQWH
D ORV PHFDQLVPRV LQVWUXPHQWRV H LQVWLWXFLRQHV GHOLEHUDWLYDV UHJXODGDV HQ ODV QRU-
PDVHVSHFtFDVVXMHWDVDTXtDDQiOLVLV
(QUHODFLyQDODVobjeciones normativas generales%ORQGLDX[DQDOL]DFUtWLFDPHQ-
WHODVGLVWLQWDVLPSOHPHQWDFLRQHVSUiFWLFDVGHOLGHDOGHOLEHUDWLYRDPELHQWDOPiVSUH-
FLVDPHQWHORVPHFDQLVPRVSDUWLFLSDWLYRVDXGLHQFLD\FRQVXOWDS~EOLFDDPELHQWDO\
VRVWLHQHGRVWHVLVJHQHUDOHVDVDEHU
ODVSUiFWLFDVGHSDUWLFLSDFLyQQRVRQXQtYRFDV\SURGXFHQFRQVHFXHQFLDVFRQ
IUHFXHQFLDFRQWUDGLFWRULDVDWHQWRDORFXDOGHYLHQHQHFHVDULRSUHJXQWDUVHEDMRTXp
GLVHxRVIRUPDWRV\SUHFRQGLFLRQHVODGHPRFUDFLDSDUWLFLSDWLYDSXHGHFRQVWLWXLUXQ
HOHPHQWRHFD]GHWUDQVIRUPDFLyQGHORVUHJtPHQHVUHSUHVHQWDWLYRVH[LVWHQWHV%ORQ-
GLDX[(QRWUDVSDODEUDVQRWRGRGLVHxRGHOLEHUDWLYRSURPXHYHHIHFWLYD-
PHQWHRDGHFXDGDPHQWHODGHVHDGDGHOLEHUDFLyQGHPRFUiWLFDQLWDPSRFRODGHOLEH-
UDFLyQGHPRFUiWLFDGHEHVHUFRQVLGHUDGDVLHPSUHOD~QLFD\RPHMRURSFLyQIUHQWHD
GHWHUPLQDGRVSUREOHPDVDPELHQWDOHV\
/DVSUiFWLFDVGHULYDGDVGHODDSOLFDFLyQGHGLFKRLPSHUDWLYRGHOLEHUDWLYRRSDU-
WLFLSDWLYRVHHVWUXFWXUDQJHQHUDOPHQWHHQHOPDUFRGHXQDUHODFLyQMHUiUTXLFDGHWLSR
top-bottomHVGHFLUFRQVWLWX\HQXQDFRQYRFDWRULDHIHFWXDGDGHVGHORVFHQWURVSROt-
WLFRVIRUPDOHVGHSRGHUFRQORFXDOSRVHHQXQFDUiFWHUSXUDPHQWHFRQVXOWLYRFX\DV
AbeledoPerrot
3$57,&,3$&,1&,8'$'$1$$0%,(17$/(1/$/(<1$&,21$/
DUPDFLRQHVUHVROXFLRQHVXRSLQLRQHVQRREOLJDQDOIXQFLRQDULRHPSOHDGRRVHFWRU
GHOJRELHUQRVROLFLWDQWH%ORQGLDX[&RPRKHPRVVHxDODGRGL-
FKRVPHFDQLVPRVGHOLEHUDWLYRVVLQRSRVLELOLWDQXQDUHDOLQMHUHQFLDGHORVFLXGDGD-
QRVHQODVGLVFXVLRQHV\GHFLVLRQHVSROtWLFDVVHYXHOYHQPHUDVJXUDVUHWyULFDV(W-
FKLFKXU\
A lo que agregara dos objeciones generales msDVDEHU
GLFKRVPHFDQLVPRVSXHGHQFDOLFDUVHFRPRGHGHPRFUDFLDVHPLGLUHFWDRVH-
PLUHSUHVHQWDWLYD \ WLHQHQ SRU PHWD ~QLFDPHQWH UHFDEDU RSLQLRQHV QR DVt SURPR-
YHUODFRQVWUXFFLyQH[SRVLFLyQRSRVLFLyQ\UHIRUPXODFLyQGHDUJXPHQWRVSROtWLFRV\
ODV SUiFWLFDV PHQFLRQDGDV VRQ FRQWHVWHV FRQ XQD FRQFHSFLyQ DJUHJDWLYD GH
WLSRDYDQ]DGDFRQIRUPHODFXDOVLELHQHOSULQFLSDOPHFDQLVPRGHSDUWLFLSDFLyQSROtWL-
FDHVHOYRWRWDPELpQGHEHQFRQVLGHUDUVHDORVQHVGHWHUPyPHWURSROtWLFRODVFRQVL-
GHUDFLRQHVXRSLQLRQHVPiVRPHQRVIRUPDGDVGHORVFLXGDGDQRV'LFKDFRQFHSFLyQ
DJUHJDWLYDGLHUHVHQVLEOHPHQWHHQVXVSUHVXSXHVWRVFRQORVSURSLRVGHODFRQFHS-
cin deliberativa.
(QFXDQWRDODVREMHFLRQHVQRUPDWLYDVHVSHFtFDVGLULJLGDVDOFDUiFWHULQVXFLHQ-
temente deliberativo de los mecanismos participativos instituidos en las leyes 25.675
\FRQVLGHUDPRVSXHGHQIRUPXODUVHDOPHQRVFXDWUR
(Qprimer lugarDPEDVQRUPDWLYDVSDUHFHQRSWDUHQWpUPLQRVWHyULFRVSRUXQD
FRQFHSFLyQGHPRFUiWLFDSDUWLFLSDWLYD\QRSRUXQDGHOLEHUDWLYD
%ORQGLDX[GHVFULEHGLIHUHQWHVSUR\HFWRVWHyULFRV\SROtWLFRVTXHVHIXQGDQVREUH
HOLGHDOQRUPDWLYRGHDXWRJRELHUQRFLXGDGDQRDFWLYR\UHDO(VWH~OWLPRLQGLFDTXHDO
LQWHULRUGHODVVRFLHGDGHVGHPRFUiWLFDVGHEHSHUPLWLUVH\IRPHQWDUVHTXHORVFLXGD-
danos se comprometan activamente en el proceso de discusin y decisin poltica.
&RQIRUPH%ORQGLDX[GLFKRLGHDOKDDVXPLGRDOPHQRVGRVFRQFHSFLRQHVGHPRFUi-
WLFDVPX\GLYHUVDVDVDEHUDGHPRFUDFLDSDUWLFLSDWLYD\EGHPRFUDFLDGHOLEHUDWLYD
%ORQGLDX[
'LFKRDXWRUVHxDODFLHUWDVVHPHMDQ]DV\GLIHUHQFLDVH[LVWHQWHVHQWUHODVWHRUtDVGH
GHPRFUDFLDSDUWLFLSDWLYD\GHGHPRFUDFLDGHOLEHUDWLYD(QUHODFLyQDODVVHPHMDQ]DV
%ORQGLDX[VRVWLHQHTXHFRPSDUWHQQXPHURVRVSUHVXSXHVWRVFRPXQHVHQSDUWLFXODU
ODLQVDWLVIDFFLyQFRQUHVSHFWRDXQDGHQLFLyQGHODGHPRFUDFLD\GHODFLXGDGDQtDOL-
PLWDGDDOSULQFLSLRPD\RULWDULR\DOVRORFXPSOLPLHQWRGHOYRWR(QFXDQWRDVXVGLIH-
UHQFLDVHODXWRUVRVWLHQHTXHGLFKDVWHRUtDVVHGLVWLQJXHQSRUVXQDOLGDGSULQFLSDO
(QHVWHVHQWLGRODGHPRFUDFLDSDUWLFLSDWLYDEXVFDODIRUPDFLyQGHFRPXQLGDGHVFLX-
GDGDQDVDFWLYDVSRQHHODFHQWRHQHOFRPSURPLVR\ODSROLWL]DFLyQGHORVSDUWLFLSDQ-
WHVPLHQWUDVTXHODGHPRFUDFLDGHOLEHUDWLYDDSXQWDDIXQGDPHQWDUPHMRUODGHFLVLyQ
SROtWLFDUHODFLRQiQGRODFRQXQSURFHVRGHDUJXPHQWDFLyQUDFLRQDOTXHLPSOLTXHSXQ-
WRVGHYLVWDFRQWUDGLFWRULRV%ORQGLDX[
/DDUPDFLyQGHTXHGLFKDVOH\HVDGRSWDQXQDFRQFHSFLyQGHPRFUiWLFDSDUWLFL-
SDWLYDSRUVXSXHVWRQRLPSOLFDDVXPLUXQMXLFLRSH\RUDWLYRFRQWUDGLFKDVOH\HVVDOYR
TXHUHVXOWDUHFLHUWDODKLSyWHVLVGHTXHODVHJXQGDGHGLFKDVFRQFHSFLRQHVHVQRUPD-
WLYDPHQWHVXSHULRUDODSULPHUD+LSyWHVLVTXHHQHVWHWUDEDMRFRQVLGHUDPRVYiOLGD
(QHVWHVHQWLGRSXHGHQRIUHFHUVHORVVLJXLHQWHVDUJXPHQWRVHQGHIHQVDGHODVX-
perioridad normativa de la concepcin deliberativa por sobre la participativa: a) tute-
la adecuadamente el principio de igual consideracin y respeto de todos los ciudada-
QRVEQRVSHUPLWHDYL]RUDUDOWHUQDWLYDVSROtWLFDVGLVtPLOHVDODV\DFRQWHPSODGDV\
10
'LFKDVYHQWDMDVGHYHQLGDVGHODLPSOHPHQWDFLyQDGHFXDGDGHODFRQFHSFLyQGHPRFUi-
WLFDGHOLEHUDWLYDVRQUHVSDOGDGDVSRUOyVRIRVSROtWLFRVGHSUHVWLJLRGHODWDOODGH&61LQR
-/0DUWt5*DUJDUHOOD$*XWPDQQ\'7KRPSVRQ
AbeledoPerrot
3$57,&,3$&,1&,8'$'$1$$0%,(17$/(1/$/(<1$&,21$/ 245
FLDOGHEHQOXFKDUHQYH]GHGLDORJDUSDUDFXPSOLUDGHFXDGDPHQWHVXURO0iVHVSHFt-
FDPHQWH HVWR DWHQWD VHYHUDPHQWH FRQWUD D OD SUR\HFFLyQ GH SROtWLFDV DPELHQWD-
OHVLQWHJUDOHVTXHVXSHUHQORVOtPLWHVJHRJUiFRVGHXQDUHSDUWLFLyQDGPLQLVWUDWLYD\
DWLHQGDQDORVSUREOHPDVHFROyJLFRVGHVGHXQDSHUVSHFWLYDPiVKROtVWLFD\EODIRU-
PXODFLyQHLPSOHPHQWDFLyQGHQRUPDVPHGLGDVHLQVWLWXFLRQHVFRQGXUDELOLGDGHQHO
mediano y largo plazo que escapen a las rencillas de poder frugales y diarias.
(QVHJXQGROXJDUODDGRSFLyQGHXQDFRQFHSFLyQGHPRFUiWLFDDJUHJDWLYDFRQIRU-
PHODFXDOODOHJLWLPLGDGSROtWLFDGHODVQRUPDVPHGLGDVHLQVWLWXFLRQHVDPELHQWDOHV
GHSHQGHGHTXHKD\DQVLGRDGRSWDGDVSRUORVUHSUHVHQWDQWHVSROtWLFRVGHVLJQDGRV
FRQODFRQIRUPLGDGWiFLWDGHORVFLXGDGDQRVDWHQWDFRQWUDODQHFHVLGDGGHXQJHQXL-
QRGLiORJRSROtWLFRHQPDWHULDDPELHQWDO/DOHJLWLPLGDG\HFDFLDGHODSROtWLFDDP-
ELHQWDOGHSHQGHGHXQDSDUWLFLSDFLyQGHOLEHUDWLYDJHQXLQDGHODFLXGDGDQtD\QRPH-
ramente de su conformidad plebiscitaria.
(QWHUFHUOXJDUVLODFRQFHSFLyQGHOLEHUDWLYDDPELHQWDOSURSXJQDODLQVWDXUDFLyQ
GHGLVHxRVLQVWLWXFLRQDOHVKRUL]RQWDOHV\FRRSHUDWLYRVHQWRQFHVODH[LVWHQFLDGHXQ
SRGHUHMHFXWLYRKLSHUSUHVLGHQFLDOGHWLSRYHUWLFDOLVWDFRQIXHUWHVWLQWHVGHPDJyJLFRV
HLQVHQVLEOHDORVDUJXPHQWRVGHORVSRGHUHVOHJLVODWLYR\MXGLFLDOUHVXOWDXQGXURHV-
FROORDVRUWHDUDORVQHVGHGDUFRQXQDDGHFXDGDLPSOHPHQWDFLyQGHDTXHOODFRQ-
cepcin deliberativa de la legitimidad poltica de las medidas ambientales.
0iV SUHFLVDPHQWH QXHVWUD KLSyWHVLV WHyULFD HV OD VLJXLHQWH VL VH GHVHD LPSOH-
PHQWDUXQDFRQFHSFLyQGHOLEHUDWLYDGHJREHUQDQ]DDPELHQWDOHQ$UJHQWLQDGHEHQ
DGRSWDUVHDXQDFRQFHSFLyQGLDOyJLFDGHFRQVWLWXFLRQDOLVPREXQDFRQFHSFLyQGH-
OLEHUDWLYDGHGHPRFUDFLD\FXQGLVHxRVHPLSUHVLGHQFLDOLVWDGHJRELHUQR
V.&
(VWHDUWtFXORKDWHQLGRSRUREMHWLYRVSULQFLSDOHVH[SOLFLWDUORVHVWiQGDUHVQRU-
PDWLYRV SURSLRV GH XQD FRQFHSFLyQ GHPRFUiWLFD GHOLEHUDWLYD DPELHQWDO UHFRQV-
truir las normas relativas a participacin ciudadana enunciadas en las leyes 25.675
\ \ HYDOXDU VRPHUDPHQWH VL GLFKDV QRUPDV YHUQiFXODV FXPSOHQ R QR \
HQ TXp JUDGR FRQ ORV HVWiQGDUHV QRUPDWLYRV LPSXHVWRV GHVGH DTXHOOD FRQFHSFLyQ
GHPRFUiWLFD
+DELHQGRGDGRFXPSOLPLHQWRDGLFKDVPHWDVHQORVDSDUWDGRVDQWHULRUHV,,9
FRQVLGHUDPRVSHUWLQHQWHDUPDUDPRGRFRURODULRTXHDORVQHVGHXQDGHFXDGRGL-
VHxR LPSOHPHQWDFLyQ \ HYDOXDFLyQ GH XQ VLVWHPD GH JREHUQDQ]D GHOLEHUDWLYD DP-
ELHQWDOHQOD$UJHQWLQDFDEHQIRUPXODUVHRH[SOLFLWDUVHGRVWLSRVGHrecomendacio-
nesDVDEHUDXQDWHyULFDQRUPDWLYDJHQHUDO\EXQDQRUPDWLYDHPStULFDSDUWLFXODU
/DSULPHUDGHGLFKDVUHFRPHQGDFLRQHVVRVWLHQHTXHHQtrminos normativos-em-
pricos generalesHVGHFLUSDUDWRGRVLVWHPDGHJREHUQDQ]DGHOLEHUDWLYDDPELHQWDO
LQGHSHQGLHQWHPHQWHGHOSDtVGRQGHGHEDDSOLFDUVHGHELHUDDWHQGHUVHDORVVLJXLHQ-
tes presupuestos complementariosDDTXHOORVSUHVXSXHVWRVJHQHUDOHVGHODGHPR-
cracia deliberativa11.
11
$ORVQHVGHGDUFRQRWUDSRVLEOHIRUPXODFLyQGHHVWRVSUHVXSXHVWRVQRUPDWLYRVFRP-
SOHPHQWDULRVHQWDQWRHVWiQGDUHVDGLFLRQDOHVDDTXHOORVSUHVXSXHVWRVQRUPDWLYRVFRQVLGHUD-
GRVJHQHUDOHVREiVLFRVGHXQDFRQFHSFLyQGHPRFUiWLFDGHOLEHUDWLYDDPELHQWDOYpDVH2OLYD-
UHV
12
-RKQ5DZOVVHxDODTXHFRQFXHUGDFRQDTXHOODDUPDFLyQGH5REHUW'DKOODFXDOVHxDOD
TXH(QODDXVHQFLDGHXQDVROXFLyQXQLYHUVDODGHFXDGDODVVROXFLRQHVHVSHFtFDVQHFHVLWDQ
DGDSWDUVHDODVFRQGLFLRQHV\H[SHULHQFLDVKLVWyULFDVFXOWXUDSROtWLFDHLQVWLWXFLRQHVSROtWLFDV
FRQFUHWDVGHXQSDtVSDUWLFXODU5'DKOHQ5DZOVQRWD3RUVXSDUWH&61LQR
VHxDODTXH(FODUDPHQWHODVFXHVWLRQHVUHODFLRQDGDVFRQODPHMRUIRUPDGHJRELHUQRVRQDOWD-
PHQWHHVSHFXODWLYDV\GHSHQGHQHQXQHOHYDGRJUDGRGHODVFDUDFWHUtVWLFDVKLVWyULFDVVRFLROy-
gicas y culturales de cada contexto y de la informacin emprica con que se cuente respecto del
IXQFLRQDPLHQWRGHHVWRVGLIHUHQWHVDUUHJORVLQVWLWXFLRQDOHV1LQR
%lFNVWUDQG . .KDQ - .URQVHOO $ \ /|YEUDQG ( (QYLURQPHQWDO 3ROLWLFV DIWHU WKH
'HOLEHUDWLYH7XUQHQ%lFNVWUDQG.HWDO
AbeledoPerrot
3$57,&,3$&,1&,8'$'$1$$0%,(17$/(1/$/(<1$&,21$/ 247
EDWHFRPRSUHFRQGLFLyQPDWHULDOLPSRVWHUJDEOHGHWRGDLPSOHPHQWDFLyQGHXQPR-
GHOR GHOLEHUDWLYR DPELHQWDO (Q RWUDV SDODEUDV GHEH DGYHUWLUVH TXH HQ PDWHULD GH
GHOLEHUDFLyQSROtWLFDODFRQWURYHUVLDQRVyORSDVDSRUFXiOHVDUJXPHQWRVVRQPiVUD-
]RQDEOHV\FXiOHVPHGLGDVFRQFUHWDVGHEHQWRPDUVHVLQRSULPHUDPHQWHSRUFXiOHV
VXMHWRVHVWiQOHJLWLPDGRVSDUDWRPDUWDOHVGHFLVLRQHV<RXQJ5DQ-
FLqUH14%ORQGLDX[SRUVXSDUWHVHxDODTXHGHEHPRVUHDUPDUVLQ
GHVFDQVRHOLGHDOGHODLQFOXVLyQODGHPRFUDFLDQRWLHQHVHQWLGRPiVTXHVLFRQWUL-
EX\HDIUHQDUODVOyJLFDVGHH[FOXVLyQVRFLDOTXHFDUDFWHUL]DKR\HQGtDHOIXQFLRQD-
PLHQWRGHODVGHPRFUDFLDV%ORQGLDX[(VWHFXDUWRSUHVXSXHVWRHV
conteste con un enfoque socialGHOGHUHFKRDPELHQWDOFRQIRUPHHOFXDOGHEHLQFOXLU-
VHQRVyORODVIDFHWDVHFRQyPLFDQRUPDWLYDPDWHULDO\SROtWLFDVLQRWDPELpQODVRFLDO
(WFKLFKXU\'LFKRHQIRTXHVRVWLHQHTXHHOGHUHFKRDPELHQWDOHVWitQ-
WLPDPHQWHUHODFLRQDGRFRQORVGHQRPLQDGRVGHUHFKRVVRFLDOHVORVFXDOHVSURFXUDQ
TXHORVFLXGDGDQRVSRVHDQDFFHVRDXQDYLYLHQGDGLJQDDOLPHQWDFLyQDGHFXDGDWUD-
EDMRELHQUHPXQHUDGRHWF(WFKLFKXU\
8Qquinto presupuesto complementarioVHxDODTXHGHEHPRVDWHQGHUDGRVHVWiQ-
GDUHVSULQFLSDOHVDVDEHUGHOHJLWLPLGDGSROtWLFD\YLDELOLGDGPDWHULDO\QRDXQRGH
ellos aisladamente considerado. La voz de los ciudadanos y expertos son igualmen-
te relevantes y no puede optarse entre una u otra sino complementarlas. Ciertamen-
WHGHVGHXQHQIRTXHWpFQLFRORVLQVWUXPHQWRVGHHYDOXDFLyQGHLPSDFWRDPELHQWDO
y ordenamiento territorial poseen prioridad en materia ambiental por sobre otros ins-
WUXPHQWRVDWHQWRDTXHGHQHQDTXpHVORTXHUHDOPHQWHVHSXHGHKDFHUHQFDGD
HVSDFLRJHRJUiFR\TXpQR\EFXiOHVVRQORVHIHFWRVRLPSOLFDQFLDVLQRFXDVROHVL-
YDVSDUDHOPHGLRDPELHQWH6LQHPEDUJRQRSXHGHIRUPXODUVH\HMHFXWDUVHHOGHUH-
FKRDPELHQWDOGHVGHGLFKRHQIRTXHPHUDPHQWHWpFQLFRDWHQWRDTXHODSUREOHPiWLFD
DPELHQWDOHVWiFUX]DGDSRUP~OWLSOHVIDFHWDVIDFWRUHVHQWUHODVFXDOHVGHEHLQFOXLU-
VHWDPELpQDODIDFHWDQRUPDWLYDODFXDOHYDO~DODOHJLWLPLGDGSROtWLFDGHODVQRUPDV
PHGLGDVRLQVWLWXFLRQHVDPELHQWDOHV-XOLi-XOLi
Consideramos que la adopcin de estos cinco presupuestos generales comple-
mentarios acrecienta las posibilidades reales de que los nuevos modelos delibe-
rativos de gobernanza ambiental (descentralizados y cooperativos) gocen de ma-
\RUOHJLWLPLGDG\HFDFLDTXHORVPRGHORVOLEHUDOHVQRGHOLEHUDWLYRVFHQWUDOL]DGRV\
verticalistas).
/D VHJXQGD GH GLFKDV UHFRPHQGDFLRQHV de tipo normativa-emprica particular
VRVWLHQHTXHHQWpUPLQRVHVSHFtFRVHVGHFLUSDUDHOVLVWHPDGHJREHUQDQ]DGHOL-
EHUDWLYDDPELHQWDOGHODVOH\HV\GHELHUDQWRPDUVHDOPHQRVODVVL-
guientes tres medidas:
D$PSOLDUORVWLSRVGHDFWRVVRPHWLGRVDRSLQLyQFLXGDGDQD$OUHVSHFWRFRQVLGH-
UDPRVTXHHOORVQRGHEHQOLPLWDUVH~QLFDPHQWHDactos administrativosVLQRWDPELpQ
a normas y decretosHQODIDVHSUHYLDDVXVDQFLyQOHJDOHVGHFLUHQHOHVWDGLRGHSUR-
14
$WHQGLHQGRDGLFKRDVSHFWRFRQWH[WXDOHVTXHDOJXQRVDXWRUHVKDQDGYHUWLGRTXHHQ
HOFRQWH[WRODWLQRDPHULFDQRODVFXHVWLRQHVDPELHQWDOHVHVWiQSURIXQGDPHQWHOLJDGDVDORVSUR-
EOHPDVGHODYLGDVRFLDO\DORVIHQyPHQRVGHPDUJLQDFLyQHLQMXVWLFLDORTXHSHUPLWHFRQVWDWDU
TXHODGHPDQGDGHGHUHFKRVDPELHQWDOHVHVDOPLVPRWLHPSRXQDGHODVH[SUHVLRQHVPiV
GHWHUPLQDQWHVGHODVOXFKDVSRUHOUHFRQRFLPLHQWR\ODLQFOXVLyQVRFLDO9LOODUURHO
\HFWRDVtFRPRHQVXIDVHSRVWHULRUHQWHQGLGDFRPRODHMHFXFLyQRLPSOHPHQWDFLyQ
GHHOODV3RUVXSXHVWRTXHTXHGDUHVHUYDGDDO(MHFXWLYRODHYDOXDFLyQGHORVPpULWRV
GHRSRUWXQLGDG\FRQYHQLHQFLDSROtWLFDDVtFRPRDO/HJLVODWLYRODGLVFXVLyQ\UHGDF-
FLyQGHODVQRUPDVDWHQWRDVXVUROHVFRQVWLWXFLRQDOHVHVSHFtFRVGHHMHFXWRU\FRQV-
WUXFWRUGHQRUPDVMXUtGLFDVDVtFRPRHQVXUROFRQVWLWXFLRQDOJHQHUDOGHUHSUHVHQWDQ-
tes polticos de los ciudadanos.
E0HMRUDU\DPSOLDUODVKHUUDPLHQWDVPHFDQLVPRVRLQVWLWXFLRQHVGHSDUWLFLSD-
FLyQFLXGDGDQDFRQVDJUDGDVHQODVOH\HVGHSROtWLFDDPELHQWDO$GLFKRVQHVSRGUtDQ
VXPDUVHORVVLJXLHQWHVLQVWLWXWRVMXUtGLFRVLiniciativa popular ambientalLLrefern-
dum ambiental\LLLcomit ciudadano sobre derecho ambiental en el poder legislati-
vo(QFXDQWRDOPHFDQLVPRRLQVWLWXWRGHLQLFLDWLYDSRSXODUSHUPLWLUtDLQFRUSRUDUXQD
va bottom-topHVGHFLUGHVGHHOIRQGRFLXGDGDQtDDORPiVDOWRIXQFLRQDULRVS~EOL-
FRVPHGLDQWHODFXDOJHQHUDURGLVFXWLUQRUPDVPHGLGDVHLQVWLWXFLRQHVDPELHQWDOHV
HQVXVIDFHWDVGHIRUPXODFLyQRLPSOHPHQWDFLyQ/RYHQWDMRVRGHODLQLFLDWLYDSRSXODU
DPELHQWDOHVTXHHOOODPDGRORKDFHODFLXGDGDQtDPLVPD\HYLWDVHUFRQHOORIXQFLRQDO
DORVWLHPSRV\RSRUWXQLGDGHVSDUWLGLVWDVGHTXLHQHVHVWiQHQHOJRELHUQR(QUHODFLyQ
DOLQVWLWXWRGHUHIHUpQGXPDPELHQWDOLQFRUSRUDUtDXQDYtDtop-bottom de comunica-
FLyQHQWUHIXQFLRQDULRV\FLXGDGDQRVGRQGHFDEUtDVHxDODUVHTXHHOSURQXQFLDPLHQ-
WRFLWDGLQRSRVHDVtRVtSRGHUYLQFXODQWH(VWRSHUPLWLUtDTXHHOYDORUGHODVRSLQLRQHV
FLXGDGDQDVQRSRVHDXQPHURYDORUUHWyULFRVLQRXQUHDOYDORUFRHUFLWLYR)LQDOPHQWH
HQUHODFLyQDOFRPLWpFLXGDGDQRVREUHGHUHFKRDPELHQWDOHQHO3RGHU/HJLVODWLYRSR-
GUtDGLVHxDUVHDpVWHFRQSRGHUGHGLFWDPHQYLQFXODQWHFRQIRUPDGRSRUFLXGDGDQRV
HOHJLGRVGHXQDOLVWDGHDTXHOORVFLXGDGDQRVTXHHVWDQGRHQHOSDGUyQHOHFWRUDOGH-
cidan voluntariamente ser parte de aquel foro argumentativo.
F0HMRUDUHOVLVWHPDGHUHVSRQVDELOLGDG\VDQFLyQDPELHQWDOHQVXIDFHWDGHLP-
SOHPHQWDFLyQ(VGHFLUHQGXUHFHUODQRUPDWLYDSUHYLVWDSDUDORJUDUXQHIHFWLYRFXP-
SOLPLHQWRDVtFRPRXWLOL]DUHOSRGHUGHSROLFtDDPELHQWDOFRQPD\RUVHYHULGDG(VWR
LPSOLFDLQIRUPDFLyQHGXFDFLyQ\FXOWXUD/DLGHDDTXtHVDWHQGHUDGHFXDGDPHQWHD
ODVFDXVDV\FRQVHFXHQFLDVGHODDQRPLDMXUtGLFDDPELHQWDOVHDSRUSDUWHGHORVFLX-
GDGDQRV R UHSUHVHQWDQWHV (QWHQGHPRV DTXt SRU DQRPLD MXUtGLFD DPELHQWDO OD IDO-
WDVLVWHPiWLFDGHFXPSOLPLHQWRRGHXQFXPSOLPLHQWRDFDEDGRSRUSDUWHGHFLXGD-
GDQRV\IXQFLRQDULRVGHDTXHOODVQRUPDVDPELHQWDOHVFRQVWLWXFLRQDOPHQWHYiOLGDV\
vigentes15.
3RU~OWLPRGHVHDPRVDGYHUWLUTXHHVWHDUWtFXORKDVLGRUHGDFWDGREDMRODOX]GH
una concepcin epistmica constructivistaFRQIRUPHODFXDOODvalidacin del cono-
FLPLHQWRFLHQWtFR debe efectuarse mediante la aplicacin de un criterio intersubjeti-
vo1LQR$WHQWRDORFXDOODVWHRUL]DFLRQHVSODVPDGDVHQHOSUHVHQ-
WHWUDEDMRGHEHQVHUWRPDGDVFRPRFRQFHSWXDOPHQWHSURYLVRULDV'HHVWHPRGRHQ
HOPiVSRVLWLYRGHORVHVFHQDULRVDUJXPHQWDWLYRVODVKLSyWHVLV\WHVLVDTXtDVXPLGDV
VHUiQWRPDGDVPHUDPHQWHFRPRLQVXPRVGHIXWXUDVGLVFXVLRQHVWHyULFDV\RHQ]L-
mas catalizadoras de nuevos interrogantes.
15
$OUHVSHFWRGHOFRQFHSWRGHDQRPLDMXUtGLFDHQJHQHUDOYpDVH1LQR&68QSDtVDO
PDUJHQGHODOH\HG$ULHO%DUFHORQDSV
AbeledoPerrot
3$57,&,3$&,1&,8'$'$1$$0%,(17$/(1/$/(<1$&,21$/
VI.%
BCKSTRAND,. - KHAN,- - KRONSELL, A. y LVBRAND(Environmental Politics and
Deliberative Democracy. Examining the Promise of New Modes of Governance(GZDUG
(OJDU(G&KHOWHQKDP8.1RUWKDPSWRQ86$
BLONDIAUX,/El nuevo espritu de la democracia. Actualidad de la democracia par-
ticipativa3URPHWHR/LEURV%XHQRV$LUHV
CERRO,00/DSDUWLFLSDFLyQFLXGDGDQDHQFXHVWLRQHVPHGLRDPELHQWDOHV$Qi-
OLVLVDQLYHOQDFLRQDO\HQODVSURYLQFLDVGHOQRURHVWHDUJHQWLQRHQActas del Sptimo
Congreso de Medio Ambiente AUGMSV
COHEN,0$'HPRFUDFLDGHOLEHUDWLYD\JREHUQDQ]DDPELHQWDOFRQFHSWRVWUDQV-
YHUVDOHVGHXQDQXHYDGHPRFUDFLDHFROyJLFD"SociolgicaDxRQURSV
ECKERSLEY, 5 The Green State, Rethinking democracy and sovereignty 7KH 0,7
3UHVV&DPEULGJH
ETCHICHURY,+-Tres enfoques sobre el derecho al medio ambiente/HUQHU&yU-
doba.
GARGARELLA,5(OLGHDOGHODGHPRFUDFLDGHOLEHUDWLYDHQHODQiOLVLVGHOVLVWHPDUH-
SUHVHQWDWLYR$OJXQDVQRWDVWHyULFDV\XQDPLUDGDVREUHHOFDVRGHOD$UJHQWLQDRevista
SociedadSV
(comp.). 2014. Por una justicia dialgica. El Poder Judicial como promotor de la delibera-
cin democrtica6LJOR;;,%XHQRV$LUHV
GUTMANN, A. - THOMPSON,'Democracy and Disagreement+DUYDUG83+DUYDUG
(2004). Why Deliberative Democracy?3ULQFHWRQ833ULQFHWRQ
JULI,06/DGLVFXVLyQGHOFRQFHSWRGHSUHVXSXHVWRPtQLPRHQHOPDUFRGHXQ
QXHYRRUGHQSROtWLFRMXUtGLFRHLQVWLWXFLRQDO5'$PE\VV
&XiOHVVRQORVOtPLWHVSDUDGLFWDUSUHVXSXHVWRVPtQLPRVDPELHQWDOHV"Anua-
rio del CIJSQUR;SV
(O DERUGDMH MXUtGLFR GH SUREOHPDV DPELHQWDOHV Anuario del CIJS QUR ;,
SV
/D HMHFXFLyQ GH SROtWLFDV DPELHQWDOHV HQIRTXHV \ DQiOLVLVAnuario del CIJS
QUR;,9SV
MART,-/La repblica deliberativa. Una teora de la democracia0DUFLDO3RQV
Madrid.
MAYORGA,) - CRDOVA,(*REHUQDELOLGDG\JREHUQDQ]DHQ$PpULFDODWLQD:RU-
NLQJ3DSHU1&&51RUWH6XU,3*LQHEUDQRSXEOLFDGRZZZLQVWLWXWJRXYHUQDQFHRUJ
EGIGRFVFKDJREHUQDELOLGDSGIFRQVXOWD
NINO,&6La constitucin de la democracia deliberativa*HGLVD%DUFHORQD
OLIVARES,1('HPRFUDFLDGHOLEHUDWLYD\SROtWLFDDPELHQWDOHQLa investigacin
jurdica en polticas pblicas ambientales1DUYDMD(GLWRU&yUGREDSV
RAWLS,-Political Liberalism2[IRUG832[IRUG
VILLARROEL,5eWLFDGHOGHVDUUROORGHPRFUDFLDGHOLEHUDWLYD\FLXGDGDQtDDPELHQ-
WDO(OGHVDItRJOREDOGHODVXVWHQWDELOLGDGActa BioethicaSV