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    7 views12 pages

    Adam Akademi

    Uploaded by

    dimpapas
    misce

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF or read online from Scribd
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    Cilt/Volume 2 Sayi/Issue 1 Haziran/June 2012 ADAM AKADEMI SOSYAL BiLIMLER DERGISi ADAM AKADEMI/ADAM ACADEMY Sosyal Bilimler Dergis/fournal of Socal Sciences SQN; 21464936 Sahibi/Owner “Ankara Dice ve Arayurma Merkeni (ADAM) Iisa Isetmes!adina Bulent Kent Genel Edit! General Eattor ‘Mehmet Bulu-Yildirm Beyanst Onversite YGnetim Ealtte/Managing Blitor Ramazan Gézen-Yildrum Beyant Onverstest dite Yardumeilary/ Editorial Assistants Recai Aydin Geral Kedi/Sefa Demurbag Kitap Tanstum Editirler/ Book Review Editors dal Karagall Pat OB ‘Ye Iyleri Midiet/Publication Coordinator Ibeahirs Dursun ‘Yann Kuruliierial Road Binyamin Erl-Anlara Overs (Cebit Goran-Haceepe Onis und Pina Bilkent Onivertes ‘Mehmet Barca Widinm Beyant Onverstest Moca Yok Trk Hava Karamu Oniversts! anh sl Kile Onerstest "Naren Demie- Behe Oniversest sin Beton rman Ankara Digince ve Aragtirma Merkezi (ADAM) ADAM AKADEME So Blinier Derg Man Mab eyo NoVA Dimensane ‘them aes 8) Enalbiiooin org ‘Wkabone bedee ural gn For Instone Yar Domest: 150 “Yr ig / Bera 150 ABD doa Forint 9 Obenct/ Sens 25 Derg Fy Single lene Pie: 1571. esap Numaras: Kuve Tick Anker BalgstSobest "TRS 002050000789555400001 numa Kurla oad ‘Abduratman cl Cy ot New Yr ‘het Tsoi Marmara Ones Denjmia Bane Boon Calle an BTC Onsen ‘Cera Kfar Harvard Oeste Sey Ore Deyn Givers fol OmarMarmars Gives Fath UY Beat Ones Gulla Dug art Ones alten at ast Ment Onsen alan Rvl-het Onverte Hada Eve Sufo: Ones Tul naa ite Omensen Hime Ter red Orestes oven De Gar Manin One Incaa abt Boron Ones Irak Kam, "apa Iai Ont Marmara Overs Janes alvin Ne ork One Jat Opler Ones Jenatan A'Brown- Genet Cave eat Catan: uta Danese Mahnet Gog tablet Oeste Matin ope Retry ‘ita Trha- Mahomed Erope-MIT Manley Osiris Shad Alan Noeusten Univer Naxm Al-Harard Ones Sst Orman abl Tet Onesies Sara Ape ESIC Sa Bo Hanon Aro Dene ‘linn Oily caning Unverscn Yin Ay Sek Ones iCINDEKILER/CONTENTS KUDRET BOLBOL, Looking Turkey-Balkan Relations from Civilizational Perspective or Making Geography Common/ Turkiye Balkan liskilerine Medeniyet Perspektifinden veya Ortak Cografya Olusturma Penceresinden Bakmak CALIP veLLU, Balkan Diversity under Two Contradictory Philosophies of Ruling: Ottoman and Communist/ iki Zit Felsefe Altnda Balkan Gepitiigt: Osman ve Komiinist ELEONORA NAXIDOU, The Routes to the Bulgarian National ‘Movement: Simultaneously Homogenous and Polymorphous/ Bulgaristan Ulusal Hareketine Gikan Yollar: Fs zamank olarak Homojen ve Gok Cesit SOFIYA ZAHOVA, Rewriting the Past in the Present: Politics of ‘Identity in the Montenegrin Historiography/Gecmisin Yeniden Yazilmase Karadag Tarihinde Kimlik Politikalars SLAVKA KARAKUSHEVA, Projections of Motherland in the Perceptions of the Turk Migrants from Bulgaria to Bursa/ Bulgaristanidan Bursa'ya Gir Eden Tirklerin Penceresinden Anavatan Kavrams VOIN BostNOV, Bulgaria and the Young Turk Revolution (June 1908 - April 1909): The Beginning of the End of Ottoman Emplre/ Bulgaristan ve Geng Tiirkler Devrimi (Haziran 1908- ‘Nisan 1909): Osmanls Imparatoriugunun Bitisinin Baslangict DALIBOR ELEZOVIC, The Description of Turkey in One Swiss (Chronicle from the End of the Eighteenth Century/ XVIIT Wizyil Sonlarina ait bir lsvigre Elyazmasi Eserden Tirkive IETON MEHMETI, The Economic and Social Investment of ‘Turkey in Kosovo/ Tiirkiyenin Kosovaidaki Ekonomik ve Sosyal Katkass ‘Yayin Iikeleri ve Yazim Kurallan/ Editorial Principles and Rules for Manuscripts “4 43 6. 81 1 7 107 24 Gaur veuw Unity has to strive for the wellbeing of the individuals, because without them, it cannot be, and the individuals have to be aware that unity is the field where they can exercise their abilities showing that they are better and more useful than others. ‘Without the phenomena ofthe other’ we would not have the opportunity of tasting the pleasure of “better than’, “virtuous than’, and “wealthier than” etc. Competition could also mean the harmony of creative activities within a single community." So we need others and they need us as “the other” If we go the way of communism we eliminste private property, yet we must not forget that what we have in common can survive only, ifitis based on the private. Unity and peace represent a good opportunity forthe different individuals to enlarge their properties. If there is no private property, there ‘cannot be common, a prosperous commonwealth is a something that serves powerful and prosperous individuals. Existing differences have to be taken as the only present treasury forthe better future. The one state philosophy has not to be considered as a utopia that can never become a reality. The only thing to be done i, we have to change the philosophy of its foundation. Instead of its present philosophy of the domination cover the others, we have to transform it into the philosophy of the protection of our unity, which is the product ofthe others, and we can never attain it without the others. The word “we" would have no meaning without the “the others”, We need each other as individuals, as families, as tribes, as religious groups, and as nations. The global ‘may remain as global only if ts main concerns are the localities. We must not forget thatthe localities make up the global. “By acting on the local, one modifies the gloval and by acting on the global one modifies the local. Holism and reductionism, or slobal and local approach, are two aspects of one and the same multidimensional and ‘multireferentional world of complex plurality and of open unity We are diferent as nations, diferent as religious groups, different as tribes, different as families and. different as members inthe families. There are not even two identical individuals for we all diferentiate ourselves from each other. We do not come up with diversities, but we just find them existing somewhere, in some area, in nature. In this sense they ae sven. Since we find them already existing in nature, naturally they have the right to ‘exist and live as they are and as they wish. I sin our intrest, when we meet people different from us, to try to benefit from them as we find benefits in other natural resources. Our different colors, languages and traditions are the result of our living. under different natural conditions, Since these differences result from specific natural conditions they become, therefore, also part of us. For these differences are also parts ‘of what makes us different. Let us try to preserve and protect our nature a its, with, allits differences. TT Baran Niles ops 9.124, 2 bid, pu, ADAM AKADEMt, 2121-25-42 The Routes to the Bulgarian National Movement: Simultaneously Homogenous and Polymorphous Eleonora Naxidou' ABSTRACT The present arte dels withthe various rpect ofthe Balan rational movement dur he 15th entry related to tsh seco pararneter adit pte The purpose ofthe dy ‘sto show how the proces general called Bulgarian eatery emtaced ayo des «ven contractor indvidal ad colective intiatves wich however sharin common te aware of tine Blgnian naonal enti In other word, the Blain eval was not charted by Fhomogene ethr a t s deolgi prints or to i aspirations and the mean 0 ahve thea Mote special theft expressions of Blprian atonalism eve cura that hey promoted school founding teaching. the use ofthe Balan language in wring plhing Blguet newrpapes and jjurmals aswel studying Blgran history local cate and tations nology ee. Sch aces Intended to exabl the distinct characte of he ular people Nex he Blin ational movement ‘opted more radial stances and calmed eclesactal and poli independence. Therefore he Dlg Jan raion projet conssted ofthe separate et interdpendentcomplentary tens hich ca be labled a xtra ecesatal and plicl aston, Moroes ach end developed athe sum of Adress aprons. or example, dierent theories abot the Dulane eign mee saber ‘moderate and ral methods in fartherance of the eclesatal aim were wed = through negttions, Poli nterventon forming aunt hurhpusv and revltonary mess fre achievement othe Pil goals werechosen~ Turk Bulgar culm, fderais, and eventual oping, ey Word: Bulga; National movement Tukey. Bulgaristan Ulusal Hareketine Gukan Yollar: Es zamanh olarak Homojen ve Cok Gesitli OZET Bu cahymada: hem idole parametreler hem de patel ynelme lh lara Bulgarian 18, ‘orp sresindek usa hareet el bakmardan le ans Bagalgnanm racy geqigin ve ‘uta pn hucaidanip Bulgar uyangin ve ota prinlern Bulgar sl Limi peylaenan seca gistermak. Diger tr deve, Bulgar uyans homojen bir kil Wolo ihe veys eben flilenmemic. Bulgar mle balan; oki Balgaeanun balan Bulgar gazeeleriin apnandspy, Bulger tahini gly ere kev gelenchern kona ei vs bir flldetamlanmaj. Tam busla, Bulgar Iniana dgererinderapelan yénlerntorayt ‘oyoatad, Sonia ie, Bulgar ulsal Market aba rua tcdurgvergleyerck iv ple ongislige benumemigr. Bu nedenl; Bulgar uusl ‘projet kel, cnt ve pol milieik baglidan ainda tg bafimscvtamamleyc tendden clagmakei. Her br tend, fas pblaplar nda gli: Oren, Bulgar et kakenthablnda fark toler gndere gel alagma ve politkmdadeler yoy bile kel kararak dni amaglan dita er gtirmek in ee ve radial yoterier halls: poli heefeewlgnak gin Turk Bula dalam, federlom ve ‘oorasinds da yaaa gb pas ve deve yoler lene Anata Kelimeler: Blgustan; Uutl hare Thie ‘Teeter of Modem Histor of Southeastern Europe School of History an Ethnology, Democrls ‘Univesity of Thrace, enadouBotenet fr enaxidoughe sth) 25 26 ELEONORA NAXIDOW “The present paper attempts to draw a concise outline ofthe several routes taken by the ‘Bulgarian national movement during the better part ofthe 19* century, both in terms of ideological expression and dynamic action, until the estblishment ofthe autono- ‘mous Bulgarian Principality in 1878, Its aim is to examine the dimensions and mul- Lufaceted aspects of the national movement, and in so doing reveal that it comprised different (at times conflicting) individual and collective initiatives, whose common, denominator was to arouse Bulgarian national consciousness, The phenomenon gen- erally referred to asthe Bulgarian revival/awakening evidently was not characterized by homogeneity -not in its ideological components, and notin its aims and aspirations ‘or the means for their achievement. Hence, the multi-formity behind the implied ho- mogeneity is focused on here with the intention to view the ssue from a new perspec- tive, In addition, its parameters are examined in relation to the principles as wells the actual face of Bulgarian nationalism. THE TERM VAZRAZHDANE Firstly, the multiple meanings that have been given to the term vazrazhdane (= revival) awakening) in Bulgarian historiography will be looked at. This i the word that was ‘used in the phraseology adopted in the 19* century to describe the route of Bulgarian national integration. It was congruent with the principles of nationalism in that it implies that the ides of WaHon Bar Mew = existed, eit in a tent x OSE [opens ofthe Um, such as rae Conditions that -Rcalled this nation fromr peopte subeonsciowe end “re-mWikened To —rentally, the expression Balgartkoto vazrazhdane (Bulgarian revival) became established in historical terminology, however, it was not consistently employed by historians in its literal sense but has taken on a variety of conceptual meanings. Most commonly, itis conceived as a “nationalizing” process. In other words, Bagarskoto sazrachdane isthe sum of all the procedures, actions and practices, which resulted In the creation ofthe Bulgarian nation. Two other meanings, sometimes presented as complementary and other times as separate areatached tothis interpretation. The one places emphasis onthe intelectual-cultural elements and perceives it as atranstional proces from the way the world was viewed in medieval tines tothe worldly positivist Regarding the meaning of ntonal awakening” nthe theory of anit senda: Geller, tins and National, Elcwel, 1994, p 47-49; A. Sth The Etc Origins of Nations, Blackwel Publishing 208, p. 6-18. ‘THE ROUTES TO THE BULGARIAN NATICNAL MOVEMENT 27° spirit of modernism, while the other views it in the light of economic and social restructuring more precisely the progression from feudalism to urban capitalism? Furthermore, the Bulgarian Revival refers tothe period of Bugarian history during ‘which the above changes occurred* Although there is no consensus as tothe specifi chronological duration, itis generally approximated as having taken place in the Bulgarian terstoriesin the lt 100 years of Ottoman rule. There i genersl agreement in the historiographical approaches that the main phase of national mobilization was in ‘the third decade ofthe 194 century. The stating point is considered tobe the Treaty of ‘Aavianople TH 1829 WHIER WAS Gtecly associated with a series cf reforms undertaken ‘by the Ottoman Empire. Asto when tends, some put itat 1870 with the establishment of the Bulgarian Exarchate and othe 1676 th the Banding of the Bulgarian Principality? Mention must also be made regarding those who contend thatthe onset ‘ofthe early stages ofthe Revival date back tothe beginning ofthe 17* century. The ist Profesional Bulgarian historian, Marin Drinov connected the beginning ofthe Revival with the composition ofSlavo-Bulgaran history in 1762 bf ie ilendar Monastery monk, Pas In any cas, the year 1762 has become a milestone in Bulgarian history. ‘On the other hand, there are some researchers who support that he Revival continued ast 1878, extending it either to the Hrstanct even the second World Wars ‘The emergence of Bulgarian national consciousness was triggered by the ideological and political influences originating in western and central Europe, (ie. the French Revolution, the Enlightenment, Nationalism, and Romanticism), as well as the crucial socio-economic changes taking place in the Balkan provinces of the Ottoman dominion. The growth of rade, as wells the appearance of an upcoming urban class shook the foundations of traditional social and economic structures? Moreover, the Russian influence, in particular Slavophilism and Pan-Slavism? in relation to the 3 Datta The Making of Nation in the Balkans. strigraphyo the Blgrian Revival, CEU ‘Pres 2004,p. 1 This sa ranaton fom the Bulgarian with minor change tothe book by the Same author ented Kak se mil elgersotoVasrachdane (How the BugeranRevvl' pereied), Sofia 2002. ‘The examination ofthis ase by Dastalo nhs aforementioned book Kak mi Balgrsoto Vas- rachdane provoked relent dlicsson In fat, some historians xpport th the Bulgarian Revival ‘ould not he coosdered separate store pviod: ee: A. Veznkoy Osher ‘opiedBalgarshotoVuzezdane kato otdelna epoha (Evident from the it ook: the Bulgarian Revival ata separate period), Blhanctijat XIX vk Sofia 2006, pp 82-27 5) Daal, The Mating ofa Nation. op. cit pp. 103-104. Op cit pp 99-106, V Boner, Bazrchdane Bali Balgerite rood kam Novoto Vere (Rei a Bugeria and he Bulgarians ring the Trantion o the New Ag), Shane 200, pp. 10-18. 1 Stuwians, The tnflenc ofthe Weston the Balkans, The Balkans in Traraton by Ch 8B. Jelavch, Unversity of California Pret 1963, pp. 184226 8 Ve Boneve, Bcrachdane op, 123 9 J. Sampimon, Becoming Bugerian, Amsterdam 2006, p.159-215, 28 ELEONORA NaxiDOU Bulgarians cannot be ignored. Als, their neighbors, particulary the Greek, hed preceded in forming national idea, A time when diferentation based on national characteristics was sil ery ud in the Balkans, te Gree sens of ethnic identity “greatly sided by the establihment ofthe Greek state Intated the distinction ofthe Other and by extension that ofthe Bulgarians. In other words the formation of

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