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2

2541 p, q, r ~p q (p q) r
(1) p (~r q)
(2) (q ~r) p

. (1) (2) . (1) (2) . (1) (2) . (1) (2)

1 2543 p, q, r, s t (p q) (r s)

. (p r) (s t) . (p s) (q t) . (p s) (r t) . (r p) (s t)
1 2544 p, q, r p (q r)
(p q) r
(1) (p q) ~ r
(2) p (q ~r)

. (1) (2) . (1) (2) . (1) (2) . (1) (2)

1 2544 p, q, r
( p ~ q ) ( r ~ p )
. (~r p) (q r) . (q ~r) (~p ~q)
. (~p r) (q ~r) . (p q) (~r q)
1 2545 p, q, r, s [p (q r)] s r ~p s

. p q . q r
. r s . s p
1 2545 P(x) Q(x) x [P(x)] x [~Q(x)]

. x [P(x) ~Q(x)] . x [~P(x) ~Q(x)] . x [P(x) ~Q(x)] . x [P(x) Q(x)]
1 2546 p, q r
(1) [( p ~ r ) q ] ~ ( p q ) ( p q ) r
(2) q ~ r [ p ( q r )] ~ q

. (1) (2) . (1) (2) . (1) (2) . (1) (2)

1 2547 (~ p ~ r ) ( p q )

. ~ p ( q r ) . ~ p ( q r ) . p q ~ r . p q ~ r
1 2548 p, q, r, s [( p ~ q ) r ] (q s ) ( p s ) r

. p q . q r . r s . s p
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2540 x y [(xy = 0 x 0) y = 0]
. x y [(xy = 0 x = 0) y 0] . x y [(xy 0 x = 0) y = 0]
. x y [(xy = 0 x 0) y 0] . x y [(xy 0 x = 0) y = 0]
2541 x[P(x) ~Q(x)]
. x[~P(x) Q(x)] . x[P(x) Q(x)]
. x[~Q(x) ~P(x)] . x[P(x) ~Q(x)]
1 2543 x[P(x) ~Q(x)]
. x[P(x) ~Q(x)] . x[~P(x) Q(x)] . x[P(x) Q(x)] . x[Q(x) P(x)]
1 2547
(1) [ p (q r )] (r s ) p q s
(2) xy [(x > y ) (x 2 < y )] xy [(x > y ) (y x 2 )]

. (1) , (2) . (1) , (2) . (1) , (2) . (1) , (2)

2540 p q p ~(q p)
. ~p (~p q) . ~p (p q) . p (~p q) . p ~(p q)
1 2541 ~p (q (r p))
. (~p) q r . p (~q) r . p q (~r) . p (~q) (~r)
1 2542 p, q r ~[(p q) (~q r)]

. p ~(q r) . ~q (~p r) . ~(p q) (q r) . ~ (p q) (q ~r)

2541 p, q, r, s
. [ p ( q r )] [( p q ) ( p r )] . [ p ( q r )] ~ [ p ( q r )]
. ([ p q ) r ] [~ r (~ p ~ q )] . [( p q ) ( q r ) ( s ~ r ) ~ s] p
1 2545
(1) p, q p ~q (~p q) q

(2) x [( ~ P ( x ) Q ( x ) (~ R( x ) )] x [Q ( x ) ( P ( x ) R( x ) )]

. (1) (2) . (1) (2) . (1) (2) . (1) (2)

1 2541 p, q r
(1) 1. p (p ~q) (2) 1. ~p r
2. p q 2. ~r s
q 3. ~s
p

. (1) (2) . (1) (2)

. (1) (2) . (1) (2)
 3 (.)
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1 2542
(1) 1. p (q r) (2) 1. p (q ~s)
2. p 2. p s
3. ~t q q
rt

. (1) (2) . (1) (2)

. (1) (2) . (1) (2)
1 2542
(1) 1. p (q ~r) (2) 1. (p q) r
2. q 2. ~ (r s)
3. r 3. p
p ~q

. (1) (2) . (1) (2)

. (1) (2) . (1) (2)
1 2543
1. ~p ~q
2. p (r s)
3. q t
4. ~t

. s r . s ~r . r ~s . ~r s
1 2546 p, q, r s
(1) ( p q ) ( r s )
(2) r ~ s

. p . q . ~ p ~ q . ~ p q
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1 2546
(1) pq
(qr ) (s p)
p ~ r
s ~ r
(2) P(x) ~Q(x)
Q(x) R(x)
P(x) R(x)

. (1) (2)
. (1) (2)
. (1) (2)
. (1) (2)
5 (.)