5/6/2017 ListofWorldHeritageSitesinIndiaWikipedia

ListofWorldHeritageSitesinIndia
FromWikipedia,thefreeencyclopedia

Thereare35(27cultural,7naturaland1mixed)WorldHeritageSitesinIndiathatarerecognisedbytheUnitedNations
Educational,ScientificandCulturalOrganization(UNESCO)asofJuly2016.[1][2]Theseareplacesofimportanceof
culturalornaturalheritageasdescribedintheUNESCOWorldHeritageConvention,establishedin1972.[3]The
ConventionconcerningtheprotectionoftheWorldCulturalandNaturalHeritagewasadoptedon17November1972
followingtheGeneralConferenceoftheUNESCOheldfrom17October1972to21November1972.Indiasfirsttwo
sitesinscribedonthelistattheSeventhSessionoftheWorldHeritageheldin1983weretheAgraFortandtheAjanta
Caves.Atentativelistoffurthersites/propertiessubmittedbyIndiaforrecognitionincludes43sites.Theculturalsitesin
Indiaaremarkedbytheirbrilliantcraftsmanshiponstone.MostofthetemplesofIndiawhichareinscribedonthislist
arebuiltinstone,withoutanymortarandwithsculpturecarvedonit.Threenewsites"ArchaeologicalSiteofNalanda
Mahavihara(NalandaUniversity)"atNalanda,Bihar,"CapitolBuildingComplexTheArchitecturalWorkofLe
Corbusier"inChandigarhand"KhangchendzongaNationalPark,Sikkim"havebeenaddedtothelistinJuly,
2016.[1][4][5][6]

Contents
1 LocationofUNESCOWorldHeritagesites
2 ListofHeritagesites
2.1 Sitesbystates
3 Tentativelist
4 Seealso
5 References
6 Externallinks

LocationofUNESCOWorldHeritagesites

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Mountain
Railways
KalkaShimla
Great
Himalayan
The NationalPark
NandaDevi
Architectural andValleyof
WorkofLe Flowers
Corbusier National
Parks
QutubMinar
Humayun's RedFort Khangchendzonga
Tomb NationalPark
HillFortsof Fatehpur
TajMahal
Rajasthan Sikri
AgraFort
JantarMantar,
Keoladeo Mountain Kaziranga
Jaipur Manas
NationalPark Railways NationalPark
Wildlife
Darjeeling Sanctuary
Nalanda

Khajuraho BodhGaya
Ranikivav

SanchiStupa Bhimbetka
Champaner Rockshelters
Pavagadh Sundarbans
NationalPark

AjantaCaves
ElloraCaves SunTemple,
Konrak
Chhatrapati Elephanta
Shivaji Caves
Terminus
Western
Ghats
(Sahyadri)
Pattadakal
Hampi
Churchesand
Conventsof
Goa
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Goa

Mountain Mahabalipuram
Western Railways
Ghats Nilgiri
(Karnataka)
Western
Ghats Chola
(Nilgiri) Temples
WesternGhats
(Kerala)

LocationofWorldHeritageSiteswithinIndia()

ListofHeritagesites
Name:aslistedbytheWorldHeritageCommittee
Region:oftheStatesandterritoriesofIndia
Period:timeperiodofsignificance,typicallyofconstruction
UNESCOdata:thesite'sreferencenumbertheyearthesitewasinscribedontheWorldHeritageListthecriteriaitwaslistedunder:criteria(i)
through(vi)arecultural,while(vii)through(x)arenatural.
Description:briefdescriptionofthesite

Indanger

ManasWildlifeSanctuarywaslistedasbeingdanger(since1992),butremovedin2011followingsignificantimprovements.[7]Hampiwasaddedtothe
dangerlistin1999,butremovedin2006followingsuccessfulconservationefforts.[8][9]

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UNESCO
Name Image Region Period Description
No. data

KazirangaWildlifeSanctuary,locatedintheNortheasternstateof
AssaminthefloodplainsoftheBrahmaputraRiverssouthbank,
wasdeclaredaWorldHeritageSitebyUNESCOin1985forits
uniquenaturalenvironment.Itwasfirstestablishedasareserved
forestin1908toprotectthedwindlingspeciesofrhinoceros.It
Kaziranga
3371985 underwentseveraltransformationsovertheyears,asThe
01 Wildlife Assam,India 20thcentury
ix,x KazirangaGameSanctuaryin1916,renamedKazirangaWildlife
Sanctuary,Assam
Sanctuaryin1950,anddeclaredanationalparkin1974.Thepark,
whichcoversanareaof42,996hectares(106,250acres),hasthe
distinctionofbeinghometothelargestpopulationofthegreat
Indianonehornedrhinoceros.Therearemanyothermammalsand
birdsspeciesinthesanctuary.[10][11][12]
ManasWildlifeSanctuary,locatedinthenortheasternstateof
Assamcoversanareaof50,000hectares(120,000acres)inthe
plainsoftheManasRiverinthefoothillsoftheHimalayas,on
theborderwithBhutan(contiguouswiththeManasWildlife
SanctuaryinBhutan).ItwasinscribedasaWorldHeritageSiteby
UNESCOin1985foritsuniquenaturalenvironment.The
sanctuaryisthehabitatofseveralspeciesofplants,21most
threatenedspeciesofmammals(outof55mammalspeciesinthe
sanctuary),36reptilespecies,3amphibiansand350speciesof
ManasWildlife 3381985 birds.Endangeredspeciesincludetiger,pygmyhog,clouded
02 Assam,India 20thcentury
Sanctuary,Assam vii,ix,x leopard,slothbear,Indianrhinoceros,wildbuffaloes(theonly
purestrainofbuffaloinIndia),Indianelephants,goldenlangur
andBengalflorican.In1907,itwasdeclaredareserveforest,was
declaredasanctuaryin1928,andbecameatigerreservein1973as
partof"ProjectTiger"andaWorldHeritageSiteinDecember
1985.PlantslistedunderthebroadcategoryofBurmaMonsoon
Forestsinclude285speciesofDicotyledonsand98speciesof
Monocotyledons.Since1992,thesanctuarywaslistedunder"The
WorldHeritageinDanger"|,[13][14][15]butremovedin2011after
significantconservationefforts.
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MahabodhiTempleComplexatBodhGaya(BuddhaGaya),spread
overanareaof4.86hectares(12.0acres)wasinscribedinthe
UNESCOWorldHeritageListiasauniquepropertyofcultural
andarchaeologicalimportance.Thefirsttemplewasbuiltby
EmperorAshokainthe3rdcenturyBC(260BC)aroundthe
BodhiTreeFicusreligiosa(tothewestofthetemple).However,
thetemplesseennowaredatedbetween5thand6thcenturiesAD.
Thestructureshavebeenbuiltinbricks.Reveredandsanctifiedas
3rdcentury
Mahabodhi theplacewhereSiddharthaGautamaBuddhawasenlightenedin
BC,5thand 1056rev
TempleComplex 531BCatage35,andthenpropagatedhisdivineknowledgeof
03 Bihar,India 6thcentury 2002i,ii,iii,
atBodhGaya, Buddhismtotheworld,ithasbeentheultimatetemplefor
ADand iv,vi
Bihar reverentialworship,overthelastseveralcenturies,byBuddhists
19thcentury
ofalldenominations,fromallovertheworldwhovisiton
pilgrimage.Themaintempleis50minheight,builtinIndian
architecturalstyle,datedbetween5thand6thcenturies,anditis
theoldesttempleintheIndiansubcontinentbuiltduringthe
"GoldenAge"ofIndianculturecreditedtotheGuptaperiod.
SculptedbalustradesoftheAshokantimes(3rdcenturyBC)are
preservedintheArchaeologicalMuseumlocatedwithinthetemple
complex.[16][17]

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HumayunsTomb,Delhi,thefirsttombbuiltwithseveral
innovations,setatthecentreofluxuriousgardenswithwater
channels,wastheprecursormonumenttotheTajMahal(builta
centurylater).Itwasbuiltin1570andwasinscribedasa
UNESCOWorldHeritageMonumentin1993foritscultural
importance.Itwasbuiltin15691570bythesecondMughal
EmperorHumayunswidowBigaBegum(HajjiBegum).Its
architectureiscreditedtoMirzaGhiyathanditsMughal
Humayuns 232,1993,
04 Delhi,India 1572 architecturalstylehasbeenacclaimedasthe"necropolisofthe
Tomb,Delhi (ii),(iv)
Mughaldynasty"foritsdoubledomedelevationprovidedwith
Chhatris.ApartfromthetombofHumayun,thefuneraryalsohas
150tombsofvariousmembersoftheroyalfamily.Thetombis
builtwithacharbagh(fourfold)layoutwithtwogates,oneonthe
southandtheotheronthewest.Ithasanumberofwaterchannels,
apavilionandabath.Thetombsetonanirregularoctagonalplinth
hasaraiseddomeof42.5mheight,coveredbymarbleslabsand
decoratedwithchhatris.[18][19]

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QutbMinaranditsMonuments,Delhi,locatedtothesouthof
Delhi,isacomplexwiththeQutbMinarasthecentrepiece,which
isaredsandstonetowerof72.5metres(238ft)heightwithabase
of14.32metres(47.0ft)reducingto2.75metres(9.0ft)diameter
atthetop.Builtinthebeginningofthe13thcentury,thecomplex
ofstructurescomprisesitineraries,theAlaiDarwazaGate(1311),
theAlaiMinar(anincompletemoundoftheintendedMinaror
tower),theQubbatulIslamMosque(theearliestexistingmosque
inIndia),thetombofIltumish,andanIronPillar.Thecomplexis
atestimonytotheIslamicdepredationsduringtheperiodasseen
QutbMinarand
Late12th 233,1993, fromthematerialsusedforbuildingthecomplexwhicharethose
05 itsMonuments, Delhi,India
century (iv) thatwereremovedafterdestroyingHinduandJaintemplesa
Delhi
shiningironpillarof7.02metres(23.0ft)height(withoutany
traceofrusting)erectedatthecentreofthecomplex,with
inscriptionsinSanskrit,oftheChandraGuptaIIperiodisamoot
witness.Historyrecordsitsconstruction,initiallybyQutubuddin
Aibakin1192,itscompletionbyIltumish(121136)andagainby
AlauddinKhalji(12961316).Itunderwentseveralrenovationsby
subsequentrulers,followingdamagetothestructuresdueto
lightning.ItwasinscribedundertheUNESCOWorldHeritage
ListundercategoryivforitsuniquerepresentationoftheIslamic
architecturalandartisticexcellence.[20][21]

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RedFortComplex,alsoknownasLalQilaisapalacefortbuiltin
the17thcenturybyShahjahan(162858),thefifthMughal
emperoraspartofhisnewcapitalcityofShahjahanabad.located
tothenorthofDelhi.ItrepresentsthegloryoftheMughalrule
andisconsideredtheHighpointofMughalarchitectural,artistic
aestheticcreativity.Thearchitecturaldesignofthestructuresbuilt
withinthefortrepresentsablendofPersian,TimuriandIndian
architecturalstylesIsfahan,thePersianCapitalissaidtohave
providedtheinspirationtobuildtheRedFortComplex.The
planninganddesignofthiscomplex,inageometricalgridplan
withpavilionstructures,wastheprecursorofseveralmonuments
whichwerebuiltlaterinRajasthan,Delhi,Agraandotherplaces.
Thepalacecomplexhasbeenfortifiedbyanenclosurewallbuilt
231rev, withredsandstone(hencethenameRedFort).Itisadjacenttothe
RedFort
06 Delhi,India 1648 2007,(ii), SalimgarhFortonitsnorthbuiltbyIslamShahSuriin1546and
Complex
(iii),(vi) isnowpartoftheRedFortComplex(areacovered120acres)
undertherevisedinscriptionoftheUNESCOWorldHeritageList
undercategories(i),(ii),(iii)and(vi).Builtbetween1639and
1648,enclosinganareaofsize656metres(2,152ft)x328metres
(1,076ft)andraisingtoaheightof23metres(75ft)ontheright
bankoftheYamunaRiver,itislinkedtotheSalimgarhFort
throughabridgeoveranoldriverchannel,nowacityroad.The
palacewithinthefortcomplex,locatedbehindtheDiwaniAm
(HallofPublicAudience),comprisesaseriesofrichlyengraved
marblepalacepavilions,interconnectedbywaterchannelscalled
theNehriBehishitmeaningthe"StreamofParadise",the
Diwaneikhas(Privateaudiencehall),severalotheressential
privatestructures,andalsotheMotiMasjid(PearlMosquebuilt
byEmperorAurangzeb).[22][23]
07 Churchesand VelhaGoa(Old 16thand 2341986 ChurchesandConventsofGoaaremonumentsinscribedby
ConventsofGoa Goa),Goa, 18th (ii)(iv)(vi) UNESCOundertheWorldHeritageListin1986ascultural
India centuries property,undercriteria(ii),(iv)and(vi),whichwerebuiltbythe
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Sr. PortuguesecolonialrulersofGoabetween16thand18thcenturies.
UNESCO ThesemonumentsaremainlyintheformercapitalofVelhaGoa.
Name Image Region Period Description
No. data VelhaGoaisalsoknownGoem,PornemGy,AdlemGi,Old
GoaorSaibachemGi,whereSaiborGoenchoSaibreferstoSaint
FrancisXavier.Themostsignificantofthesemonumentsisthe
BasilicaofBomJesus,whichenshrinesthetombcontainingthe
relicsofSt.FrancisXavier.ThesemonumentsofGoa,knownas
the"RomeoftheOrient,"wereestablishedbydifferentCatholic
religiousorders,from25November1510onwards.Therewere
originally60churchesofwhichsomeofthesurvivingmonuments
inthecityofVelhaGoaaretheSaintCatherine'sChapel(where
oneofthefirst,probablyonlybesidestheAngedivaIsland,Latin
ritemassinAsia,washeldonSaintCatherine'sfeastdayi.e.25
November1510),theChurchandConventofSaintFrancisof
Assisi,theSCatedraldeSantaCatarinadedicatedtoSaint
CatherineofAlexandria,theJesuitBoreaJezuchiBajilikaor
BaslicadoBomJesus,IgrejadeSoFranciscodeAssis(also
knownasAsisacheaSanvFransiskachiIgorz),theTheatineIgreja
daDivinaProvidncia(SoCaetano)(alsoknownasSan
KaitanachiIgorzorthechurchofSaintCajetananditsseminary
(resemblesBasilicaPapalediSanPietroinVaticano),Igrejade
NossaSenhoradoRosrio(alsoknownasRuzaiSaibinnichiIgorz
(ChurchofOurLadyoftheRosary))andIgrejadeSanto
Agostinho(alsoknownasSanvAgustineachiIgorz(Churchof
SaintAugustine)(onlythebelfrystandstodayandsomegraves,
includingtheGeorgianOrthodoxChurchSaint,SaintKetevan,
whowasalsoaqueen).Thesemonumentswereforerunnersin
establishinganensembleoftheManueline,Manneristand
BaroqueartformsintheAsianregion.Themonumentsarebuiltin
lateritesandwallsplasteredwithlimestonemortarmixedwith
brokenshells.Forthisreason,themonumentsneedconstant
maintenancetopreventdeteriorationduetomonsoonclimatic
conditions,andthuskeepthemingoodshape.[24][25]

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ChampanerPavagadhArchaeologicalParkissituatedin
PanchmahaldistrictinGujarat,India.Itwasinscribedasa
UNESCOWorldHeritageSitein2004asaculturalsite.Thereisa
concentrationoflargelyunexcavatedarchaeological,historicand
livingculturalheritagepropertiescradledinanimpressive
landscapewhichincludesprehistoric(chalcolithic)sites,ahill
Champaner Prehistoric
fortressofanearlyHinducapital,andremainsofthe16thcentury
Pavagadh and8thto 11012004
08 Gujarat,India capitalofthestateofGujarat.Thesitealsoincludes,amongother
Archaeological 14th iii,iv,v,vi
vestiges,fortifications,palaces,religiousbuildings,residential
Park,Gujarat centuries
precincts,agriculturalstructuresandwaterinstallations,fromthe
8thtothe14thcenturies.TheKalikamataTemple&JainTemple
ontopofthePavagadhHillisconsideredtobeanimportant
shrine,attractinglargenumbersofpilgrimsthroughouttheyear.
ThesiteistheonlycompleteandunchangedIslamicpreMughal
city.[26][27]
TheGroupofMonumentsatHampicompriseasombrebut
ostentatiousHampitown,onthebanksoftheriverTungabhadrain
Karnataka.HampisubsumestheruinsofVijayanagara,whichwas
theformercapitalofthepowerfulVijayanagaraEmpire.Dravidian
Groupof 14thand templesandpalacesaboundinHampi.Thesewontheadmiration
Ballaridistrict, 2411986
09 Monumentsat 16th oftravellersbetweenthe14thand16thcenturies.Hampi,asan
Karnataka,India (i)(iii)(iv)
Hampi centuries importantHindureligiouscentre,hastheVirupakshaTemple
(differentfromPattadakal'sVirupakshaTemple)andseveralother
monuments,whicharepartoftheculturalheritagesiteinscribed
undercategory(i),(iii)and(iv)intheUNESCOWorldHeritage
List.[28][29]

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TheGroupofmonumentsinPattadakaldesignatedunder
UNESCOWorldHeritageList,in1987,coveraremarkableseries
ofnineHindutemples,aswellasaJainsanctuaryinnorthern
Karnataka.Inthisgroupoftemples,theVirupakshaTemple,built
c.740byQueenLokamahadevitocommemorateherhusband's
(KingVikramadityaII)victoryoverthePallavakingsfromthe
south,isconsideredthemostoutstandingarchitecturaledifice
Groupof Bagalkot
2391987 (ThisisdifferentfromtheVirupakshaTempleatHampi.)These
10 Monumentsat District, 8thcentury
(iii)(iv) arearemarkablecombinationoftemplesbuiltbytheChalukya
Pattadakal Karnataka,India
Dynastyinthe6thto8thcenturyatAihole,Badamiand
Pattadakal,thelattercitywasknownasthe"CrownRubies".The
templesrepresentaremarkablefusionofthearchitecturalfeatures
ofnorthern(Nagara)andsouthern(dravida)India.Pattadakalis
consideredaHinduholycityandwithintheheritagecomplexare
eighttemplesdedicatedtoShiva,aninthshaivitesanctuarycalled
thePapanathaTemple,andaJainNarayanatemple.[30][31]
BuddhistMonumentsatSanchi,located45kilometres(28mi)
fromBhopalintheIndianstateofMadhyaPradeshareagroupof
Buddhistmonumentsdatedbetween200BCand100BC.The
site,however,hasbeenconjecturedtohavebeendevelopedinthe
3rdcenturyBC,whenEmperorAshokaoftheMauryanEmpire
2ndand1st ruled.TheprincipalmonumentisStupa1datedtothe2ndcentury
Buddhist
centuries 5241989 and1stcenturyBC.TheseBuddhistsanctuarieswereactive
Monumentsat Madhya
11 BCtothe (i)(ii)(iii)(iv) Buddhistreligiousmonuments,whichflourishedtillthe12th
Sanchi,Madhya Pradesh,India
12thcentury (vi) century.Thesanctuaryhasaplethoraofmonolithicpillars,
Pradesh
AD palaces,templesandmonasteriesindifferentstatusof
preservation.ItwasinscribedasaWorldHeritageSiteby
UNESCOonJanuary24,1989foritsuniqueculturalimportance.
Itwasdiscoveredonlyin1818inadesertedstateofpreservation.
Archaeologicalexcavationsundertakenthereafterrevealed50
uniquemonuments.[32][33][34]

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RockSheltersofBhimbetkadescribedintheUNESCOInscription
as"thesitecomplexamagnificentrepositoryofrockpaintings
withinnaturalrockshelters"islocatedinthefoothillsofthe
VindhyarangeofhillsintheCentralIndianstateofMadhya
Pradesh.Itisspreadinsandstoneformationsextendingoveran
areaof1893hawithabufferzone10,280hectares(25,400acres).
Therockshelters,discoveredonlyin1957,compriseagroupof
"fiveclustersofrockshelters"withpaintingsthatareinferredto
RockSheltersof datefromthe"MesolithicperiodrightthroughtotheHistorical
Madhya 30,000 9252003
12 Bhimbetka, period",withthe21villagessurroundingthemreflectingthe
Pradesh,India years (iii)(v)
MadhyaPradesh traditionsdisplayedintherockpaintings.Theuniquerockarthas
beendiscoveredin400paintedsheltersspreadoveranareaof
1,892haamidstdenseforestwithhighdiversityoffloraand
fauna,withsomeofthesheltersdatedfrom100,000BC(Late
Acheulian)to1000AD.ItwasinscribedasaWorldHeritageSite
byUNESCOin2003asauniqueculturalpropertyrepresentinga
convergencedisplayedintheartformbetweenthepeopleandthe
landscapewithlinkstothehuntinggatheringeconomyofthe
past.[33][35][36]

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KhajurahoGroupofMonumentsattributedtotheChandela
dynastywhich,undersovereigntyofGurjarPratiharsreachedits
glory.Theensembleofmonumentsthathavesurvivedbelongto
theHinduandJainReligiouspracticeswithstrikingfusionof
sculptureandarchitecturethebestexampleofthisoutstanding
KhajurahoGroup featureisseenintheKandariyaTemple.Ofthe85templesbuilt,
Madhya 950ADto 2401986
13 ofMonuments, only22templeshavesurvivedinanareaof6km2,which
Pradesh,India 1050AD (i)(iii)
MadhyaPradesh representstheChandelaperiodofthe10thcentury.Locatedinthe
IndianstateofMadhyaPradesh,itwasinscribedbyUNESCOasa
WorldHeritageSite,aculturalpropertyonOctober15,1982for
itsuniqueoriginalartisticcreationandproofoftheChandela
CulturethatexistedpriortotheMusliminvasionofIndiainthe
early12thcentury.[37][38]
AjantaCaveslistedunderUNESCOWorldHeritageasacultural
heritagesite,areBuddhistcavesthatwerebuiltintwophases,the
firstphasewasfromthe2ndcenturyBC.Inthesecondphase,
2ndcentury furtheradditionsweremadeduringthe5thand6thcenturiesAD
Maharashtra, 2421983i,
14 AjantaCaves BCtothe oftheGuptaperiod.Thecavesdepictrichlydecoratedpaintings,
India ii,iii,vi
6thcentury frescoes,whicharereminiscentoftheSigiriyapaintingsinSri
Lankaandsculptures.Asawhole,thereare31rockcutcave
monumentswhichareuniquerepresentationsofthereligiousartof
Buddhism.[39][40][41]
ElloraCavesalsoknownasElloraComplexareaculturalmixof
religiousartsofBuddhism,HinduismandJainism.Theseare34
monasteriesandtemplessculptedcontiguouslyintorockwallsofa
Maharashtra, 600to1000 2431983 highbasaltcliff,whichareseenalongalengthof2kilometres
15 ElloraCaves
India AD (i)(iii)(vi) (1.2mi).Datedto600to1000AD,theyareareflectionofartistic
creationoftheancientcivilizationofIndia.Thisculturalproperty
hasbeeninscribedundertheUNESCOWorldHeritage
List.[42][43]

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TheElephantaCavesareanetworkofsculptedcaveslocatedon
ElephantaIsland,orGharapuri(literally"thecityofcaves")in
MumbaiHarbour,10kilometres(6.2mi)totheeastofthecityof
Mumbai.Theisland,locatedonanarmoftheArabianSea,
consistsoftwogroupsofcavesthefirstisalargegroupoffive
Hinducaves,thesecond,asmallergroupoftwoBuddhistcaves.
Maharashtra, 5thto8th 244rev
16 ElephantaCaves TheHinducavescontainrockcutstonesculptures,representing
India centuries 1987(i)(iii)
theShaivaHindusect,dedicatedtothegodShiva.Therockcut
architectureofthecavesisdatedtobetweenthe5thand8th
centuries,althoughtheidentityoftheoriginalbuildersisstilla
subjectofdebate.Thecavesarehewnfromsolidbasaltrock.
Renovatedinthe1970s,thecavesweredesignatedanUNESCO
WorldHeritageSitein1987topreservetheartwork.[44][45]
ChhatrapatiShivajiTerminusisahistoricrailwaystationin
Mumbai,whichservesastheheadquartersoftheCentral
Railways.ItisoneofthebusiestrailwaystationsinIndia,and
servesCentralRailwaytrainsterminatinginMumbaiaswellas
theMumbaiSuburbanRailway.Thestationwasdesignedby
FrederickWilliamStevens,aconsultingarchitectin18871888.It
Chhatrapati tooktenyearstocompleteandwasnamed"VictoriaTerminus"in
ShivajiTerminus honouroftheQueenandEmpressVictoriaitwasopenedonthe
Maharashtra, 945rev
17 (formerly 18871888 dateofherGoldenJubileein1887.Thisfamousarchitectural
India 2004(ii)(iv)
Victoria landmarkinGothicstylewasbuiltastheheadquartersoftheGreat
Terminus) IndianPeninsularRailway.In1996,inresponsetodemandsbythe
ShivSenaandinkeepingwiththepolicyofrenaminglocations
withIndiannames,thestationwasrenamedbythestate
governmentafterChatrapatiShivaji,thefamed17thcentury
Marathaking.On2July2004,thestationwasnominatedasa
WorldHeritageSitebytheWorldHeritageCommitteeof
UNESCO.[46][47]

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KonarkSunTempleisa13thcenturySunTemple(alsoknownas
the"BlackPagoda"),atKonark,inOrissa.Locatedontheeast
coastoftheBayofBengalintheMahanadiDelta,itisbuiltinthe
formofthechariotofSurya(Arka),thesungodwith24wheels,
SunTemple, PuriDistrict, 2461984(i) andisheavilydecoratedwithsymbolicstonecarvingsandledbya
18 13thcentury
Konrak Orissa,India (iii)(vi) teamofsixhorses.Itwasconstructedfromoxidizingweathered
ferruginoussandstonebyKingNarasimhadevaIoftheEastern
GangaDynasty.Thetempleisoneofthemostrenownedtemples
inIndiaandisaWorldHeritageSiteinscribedin1984ascultural
propertyundercategories(i),(iii)and(vi).[48][49]
KeoladeoNationalParkinBharatpurislocatedwithintheIndus
GangesMonsoonForestBiogeographicalProvince.Itextendsover
anareaof2,783hectares(6,880acres).Itwasdeclaredanational
parkin1982.Earliertothis,in1900,itwasaduckhunting
reserveoftheMaharajasofBharatpur,thenbecameabird
sanctuaryin1956,withtheMaharajasexercisingshootingrights
till1972,andwasrecordedasaRamsarWetlandsite,in1981.It
wasinscribedintheUNESCOWorldHeritageListin1985under
Keoladeo Bharatpur, 3401985
19 1981 category(x),asanaturalproperty.Theareaofthewetlandofthe
NationalPark Rajasthan,India (x)
parkshrinksto1,000hectares(2,500acres)duringmostpartof
theyear.Ithasahumanbuiltenvironmentcreatedpartlyby
embankmentsdividingtheareainto10units,andhassluice
controlledarrangementtomaintainthewaterlevel.Itisfamousfor
364speciesofwinteringbirdsthatflockinlargenumbers,arriving
fromdistantcountriesofAfghanistan,Turkmenistan,Chinaand
Siberia.Itissurroundedby17villagesandtheBharatpur
city.[50][51]

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TheJantarMantarinJaipurisacollectionofarchitectural
astronomicalinstruments,builtbyMaharaja(King)JaiSinghIIat
histhennewcapitalofJaipurbetween1727and1734.Itis
modelledaftertheonethathehadbuiltattheMughalcapitalof
Delhi.Hehadconstructedatotaloffivesuchfacilitiesatdifferent
JantarMantar, Jaipur, 1727and 13382010 locations,includingtheonesatDelhiandJaipur.TheJaipur
20
Jaipur Rajasthan,India 1734 (iii)(iv) observatoryisthelargestandbestpreservedoftheseandhasaset
ofsome20mainfixedinstrumentsbuiltinmasonry.Ithasbeen
inscribedasculturalpropertyontheUNESCOWorldHeritage
Listas"anexpressionoftheastronomicalskillsandcosmological
conceptsofthecourtofascholarlyprinceattheendoftheMughal
period."[52][53]

Brihadeeswarar
temple, TheGreatLivingCholaTemples,builtbykingsoftheChola
Gangaikonda EmpirestretchedoverallofTamilNadu.Thisculturalheritage
Cholapuram, siteincludesthreegreattemplesof11thand12thcenturiesnamely,
TamilNadu, theBrihadisvaraTempleatThanjavur,theBrihadisvaraTempleat
India GangaikondacholisvaramandtheAiravatesvaraTempleat
Darasuram.TheTempleofGangaikondacholisvaram,builtby
Airavateshwarar RajendraI,wascompletedin1035.Its53metres(174ft)vimana
GreatLiving 11thand 250bis1987
21 Temple, (sanctumtower)hasrecessedcornersandagracefulupward
CholaTemples 12thcentury (ii)(iii)
Darasuram, curvingmovement,contrastingwiththestraightandseveretower
TamilNadu, atThanjavur.TheAiravatesvaratemplecomplex,builtbyRajaraja
India II,atDarasuramfeaturesa24metres(79ft)vimanaandastone
imageofShiva.Thetemplestestifytothebrilliantachievements
Brihadeeswarar
oftheCholainarchitecture,sculpture,paintingandbronzecasting.
Temple,
ThesitewasinscribedunderUNESCOWorldHeritageListin
Thanjavur,
TamilNadu, 1987asCulturalheritageundercriteria(ii)and(iii).[54][55]
India

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TheGroupofMonumentsatMahabalipuram,inTamilNadu,
about58kmfromChennai,werebuiltbythePallavakingsinthe
7thand8thcenturies.Thetownissaidtohavegainedprominence
undertheruleofMamalla.Thesemonumentshavebeencarvedout
ofrockalongtheCoromandelcoast.Thetempletownhas
Groupof Mahabalipuram, approximatelyfortymonuments,includingthelargestopenair
7thand8th 2491984
22 Monumentsat TamilNadu, basreliefintheworld.ItwasinscribedundertheUNESCOWorld
centuries (i)(ii)(iii)(vi)
Mahabalipuram India Heritagelistin1984asaculturalheritageundercategories(i)(ii)
(iii)(vi).ThemonumentsinscribedaretheRathaTemples:
Templesintheformofchariots,Mandapas,11Cavesanctuaries
coveredwithbasreliefs,rockreliefofDescentoftheGanges,
whichisthelargestopenairRockreliefalsoknownasArjuna's
PenanceorBhagiratha'sPenance.[56][57]
AgraFort,alsoknownastheRedFortofAgra,whichrepresented
Mughalopulenceandpowerasthecentrepieceoftheirempirewas
inscribedintheUNESCOWorldHeritageListin1982,under
Categoryiiiasaculturalmonument.Thefortresslocatedonthe
rightbankoftheYamunaRiver,builtinredsandstone,coveringa
lengthof2.5kilometres(1.6mi)andsurroundedbyamoat,
enclosesseveralpalaces,towersandmosques.Thesewerebuilt
fromthe16thcenturyonwardstilltheearly18thcentury,starting
withEmperorAkbar'sreigninthe16thcenturytothatof
AgraFort,Uttar UttarPradesh,
23 16thcentury 2511983iii Aurangzebintheearlypartofthe18thcentury,includingthe
Pradesh India
contributionsmadeduringthereignofJahangirandShahjahanof
theMoghulRuleinIndiatheimpressivestructuresbuiltwithin
theprecinctsofthefortaretheKhasMahal,theShishMahal,
MuhammanBurje(anoctagonaltower),DiwaniKhas(1637),
DiwaniAm,whitemarblemosqueorthePearlMosque(built
during16461653)andtheNaginaMasjid(16581707).These
monumentsareremarkableforthefusionofPersianartofthe
TimuridandtheIndianartform.ItisveryclosetothefamousTaj
Mahalwithabufferzoneseparatingthetwomonuments.[58][59]
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FatehpurSikri,"theCityofVictory,"wasbuiltduringthesecond
halfofthe16thcenturybytheMughalEmperorAkbar(1556
1605).ItwasthecapitaloftheEmpireandseatofthegrand
Mughalcourt,butonlyfor14years.Despitebearingexceptional
testimonytotheMughalcivilizationattheendofthe16thcentury,
ithadtobeabandonedduetothetwinreasonsoflackofwaterand
unrestinnorthwestIndia,leadingtheemperortoshiftthecapital
toLahore.Akbardecidedtoconstructitin1571,onthesamesite
wherethebirthofhisson,thefutureEmperorJahangir,was
predictedbythewisesaintShaikhSalimChisti(14801572).The
FatehpurSikri, UttarPradesh, 2551986 work,supervisedbythegreatMughalhimself,wascompletedin
24 16thcentury
UttarPradesh India ii,iii,iv 1573.Thecomplexofmonumentsandtemples,alluniformlyin
Mughalarchitecturalstyle,includesoneofthelargestmosquesin
India,theJamaMasjid,theBulandDarwaza,thePanchMahal,
andtheTombofSalimChishti.TheEnglishtravellerRalphFitch
consideredthecityin1585as'considerablylargerthanLondon
andmorepopulous.'Itsformandlayoutstronglyinfluencedthe
evolutionofIndiantownplanning,notablyatShahjahanabad(Old
Delhi).Thecityhasnumerousotherpalaces,publicbuildingsand
mosques,aswellaslivingareasforthecourt,thearmy,servants
ofthekingandforanentirepopulationwhosehistoryhasnotbeen
recorded.[60][61]

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TajMahal,oneoftheSevenWondersoftheWorldisa
mausoleumafunerarymosque.ItwasbuiltbyEmperor
ShahjahaninmemoryofhisthirdwifeBegumMumtazMahal
whohaddiedin1631.Itisalargeedificemadeinwhitemarblein
typicalMughalarchitecture,astylethatcombineselementsfrom
Persian,IslamicandIndianarchitecturalstyles.Thismuch
acclaimedmasterpiecewasbuiltovera16yearperiodbetween
1631and1648undertheChiefArchitectUstadAhmadLahauri
supportedbyseveralthousandartisansundertheguidanceofan
TajMahal,Uttar UttarPradesh, ImperialCommittee.ItwasinscribedintheUNESCOWorld
25 17thcentury 2521983i
Pradesh India HeritageListin1983,underCategoryi,asacultural
property/monument.ItissetamidstvastMughalGardens,which
cover17hectares(42acres)oflandontherightbankofthe
YamunaRiver.Ithasanoctagonallayoutmarkedbyfour
exclusiveminaretsatfourcornerswithapristineelevationofa
centralbulbousdomebelowwhichthetombsarelaidinan
undergroundchamber.Calligraphicinscriptionsincrustedin
polychromaticpierradura,decorativebandsandfloralarabesques
glorifythemonument'sgraphicbeautyandprovideapicture
perfectimpressiontotheviewers.[62][63]
26 Mountain Darjeeling 19thand 944ter1999, TheMountainRailwaysofIndiarepresentsacollectivelistingof
RailwaysofIndia Himalayan early20th 2005,2008 theDarjeelingHimalayanRailway,theNilgiriMountainRailway
Railway(1999), centuries (ii)(iv) andtheKalkaShimlaRailwayundertheUNESCOWorldHeritage
Darjeeling, Site.However,theMountainRailwaysofIndiaarefiverailway
WestBengal, linesbuiltinthemountainsofIndiainthe19thandearly20th
India centuries,duringtheBritishRaj,whichareruneventodaybythe
Nilgiri IndianRailways.Threeoutofthesefiverailways,theDarjeeling
Mountain HimalayanRailway(1881),theKalkaShimlaRailway(1898)and
Railway(2005) theKangraValleyRailway(1924),arelocatedintheruggedhill
Ooty,Tamil regionsoftheHimalayasofNorthernIndiaandtheothertwoare
Nadu,India muchfurthersouthintheWesternGhatstheNilgiriMountain
RailwayinSouthernIndia,andtheMatheranHillRailwayin
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Sr. Maharashtra.TheWorldHeritageUNESCOrecognitiontothree
UNESCO ofthefiveMountainRailwaysofIndiahasbeenstatedasfor
Name Image Region Period Description
No. data being"outstandingexamplesofbold,ingeniousengineering
solutionsfortheproblemofestablishinganeffectiveraillink
througharugged,mountainousterrain.TheDarjeelingHimalayan
Railwaywasrecognisedfirstin1999,theNilgiriMountain
KalkaShimla
Railwayfollowedsuiteasanextensiontothesitein2005,andin
Railway,
2008theKalkaShimlaRailwaywasfurtheraddedasan
Himachal
extensionandthethreetogetherhavebeentitledasMountain
Pradesh(2008)
RailwaysofIndiaunderCriteria:ii,ivundertheregioninthe
India
AsiaPacific.TheclaimsoftheMatheranHillRailway,thefourth
hillline,arependingacceptancebytheinternationalbody.[64][65]
NandaDeviandValleyofFlowersNationalParksarenestledhigh
inWestHimalaya.ValleyofFlowersNationalParkisrenowned
foritsmeadowsofendemicalpineflowersandoutstandingnatural
beauty.ItislocatedintheGarhwalHimalayaofChamoliDistrict
ofUttarakhand.Thisrichlydiverseareaisalsohometorareand
endangeredanimals,includingtheAsiaticblackbear,snow
leopard,brownbearandbluesheep.Thegentlelandscapeofthe
Chamoli ValleyofFlowersNationalParkcomplementstheruggedmountain
NandaDeviand 335bis1988, wildernessofNandaDeviNationalPark.Together,they
District, 1939and
27 ValleyofFlowers 2005(vii), encompassauniquetransitionzonebetweenthemountainranges
Uttarakhand, 1982
NationalParks (x) oftheZanskarandGreatHimalaya.Theparkstretchesoveran
India
expanseof87.5km2(33.8sqmi).Itwasestablishedasanational
parkon6November1982.However,itwasinitiallyestablishedas
agamesanctuaryon7January1939.Itwasinscribedunderthe
UNESCOWorldHeritageListin1988withextensionin2005
undercategory(vii)and(x).[66][67]Together,theycomprisethe
NandaDeviBiosphereReserve,whichisontheUNESCOWorld
NetworkofBiosphereReservessince2004.

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TheSundarbansNationalPark,thelargestestuarinemangrove
forestintheworldisanationalpark,tigerreserve,UNESCO
WorldHeritageSiteandabiospherereservelocatedinthe
SundarbansGangesriverdeltaborderingtheBayofBengal,in
WestBengal.ItisalsoontheUNESCOWorldNetworkof
BiosphereReserves.TheSundarbansasawholeencompasses
10,000km2(3,900sqmi)oflandandwater,about5,980km2
(2,310sqmi)inIndiaandthebalanceisinBangladesh.Itis
integraltotheworld'slargestdeltaof80,000km2formedfrom
sedimentsdepositedbythethreegreatrivers,theGanges,the
BrahmaputraandtheMeghna,whichconfluenceintheBengal
Sundarbans WestBengal 1939and 4521987
28 Basin.Theentirebasinistraversedbyacomplexnetworkof
NationalPark (India) 1982 (ix)and(x)
interconnectingwaterways.Though,thehistoryofprotectionin
theareaofIndianpartoftheSundarbansdatesbackto1878,it
wasdeclaredasthecoreareaofSundarbansTigerReservein1973
andawildlifesanctuaryin1977of133,000hectarecorearea
withinthe258,500hectares(639,000acres)SundarbansTiger
Reserve.OnMay4,1984itwasdeclaredaNationalPark.Itwas
inscribedontheUNESCOWorldHeritagelistin1987asanatural
propertyundercategory(ix)and(x).Thisregionisdensely
coveredbymangroveforests,andisoneofthelargestreservesfor
theBengaltiger.Itisalsohometoavarietyofbird,reptileand
invertebratespecies,includingthesaltwatercrocodile.[68][69]
29 WesternGhats 2012 WesternGhats,alsoknownastheSahyadriMountains,amountain
Agasthyamalai
rangealongthewesternsideofIndiaandoneoftheworldsten
SubCluster
"Hottestbiodiversityhotspots"(subclusternomination)[70][71][72]
Atotalofthirtynineproperties(includingnationalparks,wildlife
PeriyarSub
sanctuariesandreserveforests)weredesignatedasworldheritage
Cluster
sitestwentyinthestateofKerala,teninKarnataka,fivein
TamilNaduandfourinMaharashtra.[73][74]

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AnamalaiSub
Cluster

NilgiriSub
Cluster

TalakaveriSub
Cluster(five
properties)

Kudremukh
SubCluster
(fiveproperties)

SahyadriSub
Cluster

30 HillFortsof 7thto16th 2472013 HillFortsofRajasthan,areaseriesofsiteslocatedonrocky

Rajasthan Chittorgarh centuries[75] (ii)(iii) outcropsoftheAravallismountainrangeinRajasthan.They
representatypologyofRajputmilitaryhillarchitecture,astyle
characterizedbyitsmountainpeaksettings,utilizingthedefensive
Kumbhalgarh propertiesoftheterrain.ThesehillfortsinRajasthanrepresent
Rajputmilitarystrongholdsacrossavastrangeofgeographical
andculturalzones.Itrepresentsnumberofhillfortsandissaidto
expressthedevelopmentofRajputdefensivearchitecture.
examplesofRajputmilitaryarchitecture.Rajputfortsarewell
knownfortheirdefensivearchitecture.Theyencloselarge

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