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Ultrasonic Formula

Longitudinal Wave
Shear Wave Velocity Wavelength
Velocity

Where: Where: Where:

VL = Longitudinal Wave Vs = Shear Wave Velocity = Wavelength

Velocity E = Modulus of Elasticity V = Velocity
E = Modulus of = Density F = Frequency
Elasticity = Poissons Ratio
= Density G = Shear Modulus
= Poissons Ratio

Refraction
Acoustic Impedance Reflection Coefficient
(Snells Law)

Where: Where: Where:

= Angle of the Incident Z = Acoustic Impedance R = Reflection Coefficient

Wave = Density Z1 = Acoustic Impedance of
R = Angle of the Reflect- V = Velocity Medium 1
ed Wave Z2 = Acoustic Impedance of
V1 = Velocity of Incident Medium 2
Wave
V2 = Velocity of Reflected
Wave
 Beam Spread Decibel (dB)
Near Field
Half Angle Gain or Loss

Where: Where: Where:

N = Near Field = Wavelength dB = Decibel

D = Transducer Diameter D = Transducer Diameter A1 = Amplitude 1
= Wavelength V = Velocity A2 = Amplitude 2
V = Velocity F = Frequency