TABLE OF CONTENTS

I TITLE

II UNDERTAKING

III CERTIFICATE

IV ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

V LIST OF FIGURES

VI LIST OF TABLES

VII ABSTRACT

1 BACKGROUND

1.1 History of Nanotechnology 2

1.2 Nano Scale 4
1.3 Physical property 5
1.4 Chemical property 5
1.5 Optical property 6
1.6 Classification of nanomaterials 7
1.7 Literature Survey on ZnO nanoparticles 10

.2 SYNTHESIS METHOD 14
2.1 Synthesis approach for nano structure 15
2.2 Co-precipitation Method 16
2.3 Sol-Gel Method 16
2.4 Experimental Method 17
2.5 Synthesis of bare Zinc oxide particles by Co-precipitation method 18
2.6 Synthesis of PVP Capping Zinc oxide particles by Co-precipitation 19
method

3 CHARACTERIZATION TECHNIQUES

3.1 X-ray Diffraction Technique (XRD) 21

3.2 Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy(FTIR) 24
3.3 UV-Visible (UV-Vis) Spectroscopy 27
3.4 Photoluminescence (PL) Spectroscopy 30
3.5 Scanning electron microscopy( SEM) 32
3.6 Transmission electron microscopy ( TEM) 35

4 Results & Discussions 40-50

For Bare Zinc Oxide particles (ZnO-1) & PVP capped
Zinc Oxide particles (ZnO-2)

4.1 XRD Results 40

4.2 FTIR Results 42
4.3 UV Results 44
4.4 PL Results 45
4.5 SEM Result 46
4.6 TEM Results 46
5 Conclusion & Future Scope

LIST OF FIGURES

Fig.No. Figure Caption Page no.

Figure 1.1 Lycurgus cup in 2400 years ago 2

Figure 1.2 Pictorial description of Nanotechnology history 4

Scheme 1.3 Measurement from micrometer to nanometer 5

Figure 1.4 Wurtzite structure of zinc oxide 6

Figure 1.5 Different applications of Zinc oxide particles 7

Figure 1.6 Classification of oxide material 10

Scheme 1.7 Different SEM & TEM images of zinc oxide at 0-D,1-D,2-Dimensions 13

Figure 2.1 Formation of nanostructures via the top-down and bottom-up 15

approaches

Scheme 2.2 Co-precipitation method 16

Figure 2.3 Schematic representation of different stages and routes of sol- gel 17
techniques

Figure 2.4 Flow chart of formation of Bare ZnO-1 particles 18

Figure 2.5 Flow chart of formation of PVP capped ZnO-2 particles 19

Figure 3.1 BRUKER XRD INSTRUMENT IN NPL 22

Figure 3.2 FTIR Instrument 24

Figure 3.3 Schematic of UV-Visible spectrophotometer 29

Figure 3.4 Schematic diagram of Photoluminescence spectroscopy 30

Figure 3.5 SEM Instrument in NPL 32

Figure 3.6 TEM Instrument in NPL 35

Figure 4.1 X-Ray Diffraction pattern of synthesized ZnO-1 nanoparticles 38

Figure 4.2 FTIR spectra of prepared ZnO-1 particles. 40

Figure 4.3 UV-Vis absorbance spectra of Zinc Oxide particles 42

Figure 4.4 PL image of Zinc Oxide particles 43

Figure 4.5 TEM image of Zinc Oxide particles 45

Table 1.1 Literature Survey of synthesis of zinc oxide nano particles 11

Table 2 Summary of XRD analysis of bare Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-1) 41