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Kano Rucoba Cristian Arturo Ing.

Ambiental

PRACTICA DE ECUACIONES DIFERENCIALES


UNIDAD II
I) Ecuaciones diferenciales Lineales Homogneas con coeficientes constantes
1. 2 + 2 = 0

() = 3 2 2 + 2 = 0
:
3 2 2 + 2 = 0
3 2 2 + 2 = 0
( 2 1) 2( 2 1) = 0
( 2 1)( 2) = 0
( 1)( + 1)( 2) = 0
1 = 1, 2 = 1, 3 = 2
1
= 1 + 2 + 3 2

2. 4 + 6 4 + = 0

() = 4 4 3 + 6 2 4 + 1 = 0
:
4 4 3 + 6 2 4 + 1 = 0
2 2 1 6 2
2 2 1 2 2
2 4 2 = 4
( 2 + 1)( 2 2 + 1) = 0
2

( 1)2 ( 1)2 = 0
( 1)4 = 0
1 = 1, 2 = 1, 3 = 1, 4 = 1
2
= 1 + 2 + 3 + 4

3. + 2 + 10 + + 10 = 0

() = 5 + 2 3 + 10 2 + + 10 = 0
:

1 0 2 10 1 10

2 1 2 4 12 4 10
1 2 6 2 5 0

( + 2)( 4 2 3 + 6 2 2 + 5) = 0

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Kano Rucoba Cristian Arturo Ing. Ambiental

:
4 2 3 + 6 2 2 + 5 = 0
2 0 1 6 2
2
2 5 6 2
2 0 = 0
2 2
( + 2)( + 1)( 2 + 5) = 0
1 = 2, 2 = , 3 =
(2) + (2)2 4(1)(5)
4 = = 1 + 2
2(1)
(2) (2)2 4(1)(5)
5 = = 1 2
2(1)
Por lo tanto estamos ante los Casos 1 y 3 Races reales y complejas
= 1 2 + 2 + 3 + 4 2 + 5 2

4. + 4 = 0
:
() = 4 + 4 = 0
:
4 + 0 3 + 0 2 + 0 + 4 = 0
2 2 2 0 2
2 2 2 4 2
2 1 4 2 = 1 4 2
2 2
( 2 + 2)( + 2 + 2) = 0
(2) + (2)2 4(1)(2)
1 = = 1+
2(1)
(2) (2)2 4(1)(2)
2 = = 1
2(1)
(2) + (2)2 4(1)(2)
3 = = 1 +
2(1)
(2) (2)2 4(1)(2)
4 = = 1
2(1)
3
= 1 + 2 + 3 + 4
5. + 2 + = 0
:
() = 4 + 2 2 + 1 = 0
:
4 + 2 2 + 1 = 0
( 2 + 1) = 0
1 = , 2 = , 3 = , 4 =
Por lo tanto estamos ante los Casos 2 y 3 Races complejas con
multiplicidad
= 1 + 2 + 3 + 4
La prctica hace al maestro
Kano Rucoba Cristian Arturo Ing. Ambiental

6. 5 + 4 = 0
:
() = 4 5 2 + 4 = 0
:

1 0 5 0 4

11 1 1 1 4 4
1 11 4 4 0

1 1 1 0 4
1 01 4 0

12 1 2 4
1 21 0

2 1 2
1 01

( 1)( + 1)( 2)( + 2) = 0


1 = 1, 2 = 1, 3 = 2, 4 = 2
1
= 1 + 2 + 3 2 + 4 2

7. 8 = 0
:
() = 4 8 = 0
:
4 8 = 0
(3 3 ) = ( )(2 + + 2 )
( 3 8) = 0
( 2)( 2 + 2 + 4) = 0
1 = 0
2 = 2
(2) + (2)2 4(1)(4)
3 = = 1 + 3
2(1)
(2) (2)2 4(1)(4)
4 = = 1 3
2(1)
Por lo tanto estamos ante los Casos 2 y 3 Races complejas con
multiplicidad
= 1 + 2 2 + 3 3 + 4 3

La prctica hace al maestro


Kano Rucoba Cristian Arturo Ing. Ambiental

8. 4 4 23 + 12 + 36 = 0
:
() = 4 4 4 3 23 2 + 12 + 36 = 0
:

4 14 23 12 36

12 1 8 18 1 30 1 36
4 41 15 1 18 0

12 1 8 24 1 18
4 121 91 0
2 2
( 2) (4 + 12 + 9) = 0
( 2)2 (2 + 3)2 = 0
1 = 2, 2 = 2, 3 = 32 , 4 = 32
2
3 3
= 1 2 + 2 2 + 3 2 + 4 2

9. 3 + 3 = 0
:
() = 6 3 4 + 3 2 1 = 0
:

1 0 3 0 3 0 1

11 1 1 1 212 1 1
1 11 2 2 1 1 0

11 1 1 2 0 2 1
1 21 0 2 1 0

11 1 1 3 3 1
1 31 3 1 0

1 1 1 12 1
1 21 1 0

1 1 11 1
1 11 0

1 1 1
1 0

La prctica hace al maestro


Kano Rucoba Cristian Arturo Ing. Ambiental

( 1)3 ( + 1)3 = 0
1 = 1, 2 = 1, 3 = 1, 4 = 1, 5 = 1, 6 = 1
2
= 1 + 2 + 3 2 + 4 + 5 + 6

10. 4 + 5 4 + 4 = 0
:
() = 4 4 3 + 5 2 4 + 4 = 0
:

1 4 5 4 4

12 1 2 4 2 4
1 21 1 12 0

12 1 2 0 2
1 01 1 0

( 2)2 ( 2 + 1) = 0
1 = 2, 2 = 2, 3 = , 4 =
Por lo tanto estamos ante los Casos 2 y 3 Races complejas con
multiplicidad
= 1 2 + 2 2 + 3 + 4

II) Ecuaciones diferenciales lineales no homogneas con coeficientes constantes


1. 4 + 4 = 4( 1)

La prctica hace al maestro


Kano Rucoba Cristian Arturo Ing. Ambiental

La prctica hace al maestro

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