Atoll 3.3.2 UMTS HSPA PDF

Atoll UMTS HSPA Features
Atoll 3.3.2
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Training Programme
1. UMTS and HSPA Concepts
2. UMTS HSPA Workflow in Atoll
3. Modelling a UMTS HSPA Network
4. UMTS, HSDPA and HSUPA Predictions
5. Neighbour Allocation
6. Scrambling Codes Planning
7. Monte-Carlo Based Simulation
Confidential Forsk 2017 | 2

Technology evolution
UMTS Concepts
HSDPA Concepts
HSUPA Concepts
HSPA Evolution Concepts

Technology evolution
UMTS HSPA HSPA+ HSPA-E

R5 HSDPA R7 More Capacity & Speed R9 Dual Carrier
R99
High-speed DL 14.4 Mbps 28 Mbps DL 11.5 Mbps UL 84 Mbps DL 23 Mbps UL
64 QAM 64 QAM
384 kbps DL 128 kbps UL R6 HSUPA
2x2 MIMO MIMO 2x2
5 MHz BW High-speed UL 5.8 Mbps
5MHz BW Up to 10MHz BW
5 MHz BW
WCDMA R8 Dual carrier R10 Dual Carrier Dual Band
16 QAM
Power Control 42Mbps DL 11.5MbpsUL 168 Mbps DL 23 Mbps UL
Fast link Adaptation
64QAM 64 QAM
2x2MIMO MIMO 2x2
Up to 10MHzBW Up to 20MHz BW
R11 Multi Carrier

336 Mbps DL
Up to 8 HSPA carriers
MIMO 4x2
R12 HetNet
Small Cells

UMTS Concepts (1/6)
UMTS - Release 99
Based on the WCDMA (Wideband Code Division Multiple Access) technique
Use of the same frequency all over the network (5MHz carrier)
Scrambling codes separate terminals in UL and cells in DL
No frequency planning like in GSM
A sophisticated power control is needed to maintain a good quality throughout the network
Supports multiservice + variable bit rate to offer bandwidth on demand

Two domains: CS (Circuit Switched) / PS (Packet Switched)
Negotiation of bearer service attributes (type, min/max throughputs, delays, priority, etc.)
Coverage linked to traffic load and services : Cell breathing

The users use the same frequency on a permanent basis
The NodeB constantly modifies the range of the covered area.
As the number of users increases in the cell the coverage shrinks
to ensure proper service to the users.

UMTS Concepts (2/6)
CPICH - Common Pilot Channel

Pilot channel, always on air
Equivalent to BCCH in GSM
Measured by mobile to find its best server and active set
Between 5 and 20 % of the maximum carrier power

[30-36]dbm out of 43dbm
Pilot signal level

CPICH RSCP (Received Signal Code Power) Coverage by signal level (CPICH RSCP)
Pilot quality
CPICH Ec/Io
Ec: energy per chip (pilot signal)
Io: Downlink total noise spectral density
Pilot quality analysis (CPICH Ec/Io)

UMTS Concepts (3/6)
Soft handover
UMTS handover strategy different from GSM hard handover
Mobile in communication with several base stations simultaneously
Set of cells involved in soft HO = active set
Different types of soft handovers

Soft, softer,
Soft-soft, softer-soft, soft-softer (3 links)
Soft HO:
the same signal is sent from both NodeB to UE,
except for power control commands
Active set determination in Atoll
Best server determination
Highest CPICH Ec/Io and RSCP
CPICH Ec/Io > Ec/Io threshold (depends on UE mobility)
Admission of other transmitters in active set

CPICH Ec/Io > Best server Ec/Io - active set threshold
Active set limited to 3 cells, typically
Softer HO:
If this number is exceeded => pilot pollution the same signal is sent from the same NodeB
to UE

UMTS Concepts (5/6)
WCDMA reception parameter

"Energy per bit" is the generic radio reception requirement
Eb / Nt = ( C / R ) / ( I / W )
Eb: Energy of one bit ( Ws/ kb that is to say J / kb)

Nt: Total noise density ( W / MHz )
R: Nominal rate of the service (kbps)
W: Spreading width (MHz)
C: Carrier power (W)
I: Power of interfering carriers + thermal noise (W)
Eb / Nt = ( C / I ) . ( W / R )
C / I: interference ratio used in GSM/TDMA planning (W / W)

W / R: processing gain

UMTS Concepts (6/6)
(NodeB)
Power control
Power control on traffic channel
Fast closed loop power control
(UE)
Objectives
Solve near-far-problem of CDMA in the uplink
Limit overall interference to maximize capacity
Ensure good reception for a maximum number of mobiles
Closed-loop power control compensating a

Means fading channel (UL)
Mobile power adjustment in uplink to reach a target Eb/Nt
value at the NodeB
Base station power adjustment in downlink
UMTS power control is fast (1500 times/s)
Modelling in Atoll
DL/UL targets (dB) in the reception equipment properties
[UMTS Network Settings]
Different targets for each mobility

HSDPA Concepts (1/4)
HSDPA (High Speed Downlink Packet Access) is a 3GPP release 5 feature for UMTS
Designed for data service applications
Aimed to provide, for the downlink, significant reduced delays and peak rates up to 21 Mbps
Fully release 99 backward compatible
Can co-exist on the same RF carrier with R99 UMTS traffic
Technical aspects modelled in Atoll

New physical channels
Fast link adaptation
Fast scheduling at Node B
Higher-order modulation schemes
MIMO
Carrier Aggregation

New transport and physical channels in downlink

HS-DSCH (High Speed Downlink Shared Channel): transport channel
HS-PDSCH (High Speed Physical Downlink Shared Channel): associated physical channel
Carries user data
Both time and codes shared between users
Within each 2 ms transmission time interval (TTI), a constant spreading factor of 16 is used with a maximum of
15 parallel codes
2 to 4 users can share the code resources within the same TTI
Always associated to a R99 dedicated transport channel (A-DCH)
HS-SCCH (High Speed Shared Control Channel)

Carries information to decode HS-DSCH
Modulation,
Transport block size,
Etc.
Spreading Factor = 128
Data transmission indicator UE
NodeB 2
Number of HS-PDSCH codes used NodeB 1

New physical channel in uplink

HS-DPCCH (High Speed Dedicated Physical Control Channel)
Indicates the channel quality indicator (CQI) used for fast link adaptation
Carries the acknowledgement signal for retransmission process
Spreading Factor = 256
Fast link adaptation instead of power control

The HS-DSCH is transmitted at constant power over a TTI
Adaptive DL data rate by changing:

The modulation scheme (up to 64 QAM) High data rate (16QAM)
The coding rate
The number of codes
Based on:
The reported CQI from the UE
The UE (User Equipment) category
Low data rate (QPSK)


The scheduler chooses the data that will be transmitted in the next TTI
It sorts the users to be served
Tradeoff between fairness and cell throughput
Different scheduling techniques

Max C/I: resource is allocated to the UEs with the best radio conditions
Round robin: every user is served in a sequential way
Proportional fair: resource is allocated to the UE with the highest instantaneous relative channel quality
Exemple: max C/I technique

HSUPA Concepts (1/4)
HSUPA (High Speed Uplink Packet Access) is a 3GPP release 6 feature for UMTS
Designed for data service applications
Aimed to provide, for the uplink, peak rates up to 5,8 Mbps
Fully release 99 backward compatible
Can co-exist on the same RF carrier with R99 UMTS traffic
Technical aspects modelled in Atoll

New transport and physical channels
Fast retransmission mechanism
16 QAM (Release 7)
MIMO
Carrier Aggregation

New transport and physical channels on the uplink

E-DCH (Enhanced Dedicated Channel): transport channel
E-DPDCH (Enhanced Dedicated Physical Data Channel): associated physical channel
Carries user data
Dedicated channel: each UE has its own dedicated E-DCH
Always associated to a R99 DCH (dedicated channel)
Supports OVSF: SF2 - SF256
E-DPCCH (Enhanced Dedicated Physical Control Channel)

Transmits all the necessary information about the E-DPDCH in order to decode the data channel transmission
Spreading factor = 256
UE
NodeB (non serving)
NodeB (serving)

New physical channels on the downlink

E-AGCH (Absolute Grant Channel)
Carries the scheduling grant generated by the scheduler in the serving cell
The absolute grant is a power ratio between E-DPDCH and DPCCH
The UE uses this ratio to calculate an appropriate transport format (ETFCI)
E-RGCH (Relative Grant Channel)

Carries relative grants from non-serving cells in active set
This is the way that non-serving cells control the usage of their resources for a certain user in soft handover and
thus the inter-cell interference
E-HICH (H-ARQ Indicator Channel)

Carries positive and negative acknowledgements (ACK/NACK) for retransmission process
Multiplexed with E-RGCH to a single downlink code channel of spreading factor 128

HSUPA support fast link adaptation

Higher modulation order supported up to 16 QAM

The shared resource on UL is the UL noise rise i.e., the total power received by the node B receiver
The scheduler tasks are:
To equally share this resource between users and to maintain the interference level experienced close to the
maximum
To select the transport format (no. of bits to be transmitted in a TTI) for the E-DCH transport channel with
respect to:
The maximum terminal power allowed
The UE (User Equipment) category
Soft handover is supported

HSPA Evolution Concepts
New features introduced in releases 7 and beyond to enhance HSPA performance

This is referred to as HSPA evolution or HSPA+
HSPA
Evolution HSPA+
Improvements modelled in Atoll Rel. 9 and Rel. 7-8
beyond
Use of MIMO (Multiple Input Multiple Output) systems in DL Rel.7
Use of multiple antennas at both transmitter and receiver (2X2, typically) UMTS HSPA
R99 Rel. 5-6
2 techniques modelled in Atoll:
Transmit and receive diversity: improves the quality at the receiver
Spatial multiplexing (SU-MIMO): improves the cell throughput and capacity
Support of higher-order modulation schemes Rel.7

64QAM in DL and 16QAM in UL
Use of Multi Carrier technique Rel.8-10 5 MHz 5 MHz

Up to 8 HSPA carriers
Simultaneous HS-DSCH transmission from cells F1 F2
Handled by the same NodeB UE
NodeB Frequency
With adjacent carriers
Exemple: Dual Cell - HSPA

Training Programme

Open an existing project
or create a new one
Network Configuration
- Add Network Elements ACP
- Change Parameters
Basic Predictions
(Best Server, Signal Level)
Neighbour Allocation
Monte-carlo
Traffic Maps User-defined Values
Simulations
Cell Load
Conditions
UMTS/HSPA Predictions Scrambling Code Plan
Prediction Reports

Training Programme
2. UMTS HSPA Planning Overview

Transmitter Parameters
Cell Parameters

Can be defined in the transmitter properties

Frequency band [General tab]
Max range [General tab]
Transmission and reception losses, noise figure [Transmitter tab]

Either calculated according to the equipment characteristics (TMA, feeder cables, BTS), or user-defined

Can be defined in the transmitter properties dialogue

Diversity parameters [Transmitter tab]
Carriers with all their characteristics [Cells tab]

Cell Parameters
In Atoll, a cell is defined as a (transmitter-carrier) pair
Main parameters
Max power (dBm) Cell Transmit power
The maximum cell capacity

Maximum power
Pilot power (dBm)

Used to calculate the CPICH RSCP and Ec/I0 parameters
SCH power (dBm)

Total power (R99 only)
The average power of synchronisation channels
DCH User n

Other CCH power (dBm) DCH User 2
The power of other common channels DCH User 1
Other CCH
SCH
Total power (dBm or %) CPICH
Total transmitted power in DL

Input used in the DL predictions

Cell Parameters
Main parameters
UL load factor (%)
UL cell load factor
Input used in the UL predictions
Cell Transmit power
HSPA support Maximum power

Indicates whether the cell supports HSDPA, HSPA or HSPA+
Total power (R99 + HSPA)
Available HSDPA power (dBm)

HSPA
The power available for the HS-SCCH and HS-PDSCH of HSDPA users
DCH User n
HS-SCCH power (dBm)

The power allocated for each HS-SCCH
DCH User 2
DCH User 1
Number of HS-SCCH channels Other CCH
SCH
CPICH
DL HSUPA power (dBm)
The power allocated to HSUPA DL channels

Cell Parameters
Main parameters
AS threshold (dB)
Maximum difference between the pilot quality of the best server and the pilot quality of the candidate cells
Used to determine which cells, apart from the best server, will be part of the mobile active set
Min RSCP (dBm)

Minimum CPICH RSCP value required to be connected to the cell
MIMO support
The MIMO technique (transmit diversity or spatial multiplexing) used by the cell when it supports HSPA+
Primary scrambling code
List of neighbours
Access to a dialogue where you can set both intra-technology and inter-technology (UMTS-GSM/LTE) neighbours

Multiple Layers of heterogeneous cells (HetNets)
What is HetNets?
HetNets, or Heterogeneous Networks, are composed of traditional large macro cells and smaller cells
like
Macro cells (few km up to 35 km cell radius with a transmission power from 20 W to 40 W)
Microcells (maximum cell radius 2 km with a transmission power from 2 W to 10 W)
Small cells (10 m to 200 m cell radius with urban and in-building with a transmission power from 20 mW to 2W)
HetNets provide two basic benefits to operators:

Increase capacity in hotspots as traffic is not uniformly distributed
Improve coverage in places where macro coverage is not adequate
Small cells
Micro cells
Macro cells

Multiple Layers of heterogeneous cells (HetNets)
Heterogeneous network deployment

Atoll UMTS fully supports multi-layer networks
Different layers with different priorities
Taken into account to determine the best serving cell ( they are not used in simulation)
The definition of layers can be based on the operating frequencies
Each cell has to be mapped to a layer
You can also assign supported layers to different services and terminals
Layers management
You can define network layers with corresponding:
Priorities
Supported mobile speeds

Layers in Atoll
Can be defined in the transmitter properties dialogue

Cell Layer parameter [Cells tab]
The network layer is used for determining the

best serving cell.
The Handover Margin is used for selecting the

best server and for avoiding the ping-pong
effect* between cells.
The CIO is used in order to rank the potential

servers for best serving cell selection in
connected mode
Handover ping-pong*: base stations bounce the link with the mobile back and forth between cells.

Layers in Atoll
Compatibility between services, terminals and network layers

Managed in the services and terminals properties

Layers in Atoll
Layers management in UMTS predictions and point analysis

Layers and best server determination impact only the UMTS/HSPA specific predictions*
Specific predictions*: Not applicable for coverage by signal level and coverage by transmitter

Best Server Identification
Best Server determination

(1) Filter the potentials serving cells based on
Minimum RSCP level (Cell table or global settings)
Minimum Ec/Io (Mobility Type)
Layers maximum speed Mobility Types speed (Layers table and Mobility Type table)
(2) Identify the best candidate serving cell

On each pixel, Atoll selects the serving cells corresponding to the highest priority layer
For this layer, Atoll selects the server with the highest RSCP level and considered it as the best serving cell
candidate.
(3) Atoll calculates the best server indicator (IBS) for the best serving cell candidate and the other
potential serving cells
Best serving cell candidate: IBS = Ec/Io + Handover Margin + CIO
Other serving cells: IBS = Ec/Io + CIO
(4) The server with the highest best server indicator (IBS) will be considered as best server (for all
potential serving cells from all layers)

Usecase : 1 Macro site 900 MHz + 2 Micro sites 2100 MHz + 6 Small Cells 2100 MHz
Cell Table Mobility Types

Step 1 : Atoll filters potential serving cells

Usecase inputs:
In UMTS Network settings or Cell Table, minimum RSCP = -120 dBm
For Pedestrian Mobility Type, minimum Ec/I0 = - 14 dB
For Pedestrian Mobility Type, average speed 3 km/h
RSCP Level Ec/Io Layer Max Speed

Cell Type Layer
(dBm) (dB) (km/h)
Macro 2 -104 -11 Macro 900 120
Potential serving
Micro 2_2 -107 -12 Micro 2100 50
cells respecting
Small 2 -110 -13 Small Cell 2100 3 conditions
Small 6 -114 -13,5 Small Cell 2100 3
Micro 2_3 -115 -16 Micro 2100 50
Macro 1 -126 -21 Macro 900 120
Micro 1_2 -127 -22 Micro 2100 50
Macro 3 -131 -24 Macro 900 120

Step 2 : Identify the best candidate serving cell

Atoll selects the serving cells corresponding to the highest priority layer from the potential serving cells
Then, Atoll selects the server with the highest RSCP level and considered it as the best serving cell
candidate
RSCP Level Ec/Io Layer Priority

Cell Type Layer
(dBm) (dB) (Lowest 0)
Macro 2 -104 -11 Macro 900 0
Micro 2_2 -107 -12 Micro 2100 1
Small 2 -110 -13 Small Cell 2100 2 Highest priority
Small 6 -114 -13,5 Small Cell 2100 2 server selection
The Small Cell 2 is the best serving cell candidate in this use case.

Step 3 : Atoll calculates the best server indicator (IBS) for the best serving cell candidate and
the other potential serving cells
Best serving cell candidate: IBS = Ec/Io + Handover Margin + CIO
Other serving cells: IBS = Ec/Io + CIO
Ec/Io Handover Margin Cell individual IBS: Best server

Cell Type Layer
(dB) (dB) Offset (dB) indicator (dB)
Macro 2 Macro 900 -11 0 0 -11
Micro 2_2 Micro 2100 -12 1 2 -10
Small 2 Small Cell 2100 -13 4 4 -5
Small 6 Small Cell 2100 -13,5 4 4 -9,5
Handover Margin applied for the CIO applied for all serving
cell candidate only cells.

Step 4: Atoll considers the cell with the highest IBS as the best server: Small Cell 2.
MICRO 2100
MACRO 900
Small Cell range expansion: The Small

Cell maintains connection with the UE
outside its best server area.
The serving cell with the highest Ec/Io level is not necessarily The expansion is impacted by the CIO
the best server. The selection is based on the IBS calculation. and the Handover Margin.

Range expansion analysis: The UMTS/HSPA specific predictions are impacted by the new best
server algorithm:
Impact on a Pilot Quality analysis displaying the best server area per cell
The hatched area corresponds to an analysis taken into account different layers with different
Handover margin and CIO
The central area corresponds to an analysis without layer consideration

Best server selection new algorithm
Potential serving Rank the

cells based on : Atoll analyses
different servers the cell
Minimum Ec/Io based on: Best Server
Level individual offset
Layers priority identified
Minimum RSCP level and handover
Mobility type vs Maximum RSCP margin
layer max speed level

Multi-Cell Mode
Dual Cell HSDPA (DC-HSDPA) introduced in 3GPP Release 8

Technique based on carrier aggregation
A single UE is simultaneously connected to two adjacent carriers in DL
5 MHz 5 MHz
F2
F1 F2
F1
Restrictions
Only applies to HSDPA physical channels
The two carriers are adjacent and must belong to the same NodeB
Advantages
Doubles the peak rate from 21Mbps to 42Mbps and enhances the performance at cell edges
Facilitates an efficient load balancing between carriers in one sector

Multi-Cell Mode
Requirements at the Cell level

Transmitters must be configured in Multi-Cell mode (DL and DL/UL)
Two carriers supporting at least the HSDPA technology

Multi-Cell Mode
Requirements at the Terminal

Terminal supporting the Multi-Cell mode (UE Categories 23 up to 36)

Multi-Cell Mode
Demonstration: HSDPA Throughput Analysis (RLC Peak Throughput)
RLC Peak Throughput RLC MAC Throughput RLC Peak Throughput

Single-Cell = 20 150 Kbps Dual-Cell = 42 150 Kbps Multi-Cell = 63 150 Kbps

Training Programme

Available Predictions
Load Conditions
Service and User Modelling
Coverage Predictions
Point Analysis Tool
Multi-point Analysis Tool

Available Predictions
Coverage predictions
UMTS dedicated coverage predictions
Coverage studies (CPICH RSCP)
Quality studies (CPICH Ec/Io and DCH Eb/Nt)
Handover areas study
Noise studies
HSDPA dedicated coverage predictions
Quality studies (A-DPCH, HS-SCCH, HS-PDSCH, CQI)
Throughput studies
HSUPA dedicated coverage predictions
Quality studies (E-DCH)
Throughput studies
Point analysis tool

Radio reception analysis at a given point
Pilot quality, active set, connection status
Multi-point analysis tool

Radio reception analysis on a list of points
RSCP, quality (CPICH Ec/Io and DCH Eb/Nt)

Principle of Predictions
UMTS/HSPA predictions are calculated for:

Given load conditions
Either user-defined in the cell properties or taken from a Monte-Carlo simulation
A non-interfering user with:

Cell load
A service UL
Voice,
Web browsing,
Video conferencing...
Cell load
Terminal
DL
A mobility UMTS
Fixed, prediction
Pedestrian,
50 Km/h...
A terminal type Mobility Service

Smartphones with UE categories

Load Conditions
Load conditions used in predictions Values taken into consideration in

predictions for each cell
For UMTS predictions For HSUPA predictions

DL total power used UL load factor
UL load factor Maximum UL load factor
UL load factor due to HSUPA
For HSDPA predictions UL reuse factor
DL total power used Number of HSUPA users
HSDPA power
HS-SCCH power
Number of HSDPA users

Coverage Prediction Settings
Predictions settings
If no simulation is selected, prediction based

on DL power and UL load from cells table Display type template
User and carrier / layer specification Tip text content and legend

Main services parameters

R99 bearer parameters
The maximum traffic channel power (dBm)
Body loss (dB)

The losses due to the users body

Main mobility types parameters

Ec/Io threshold (dB)
The minimum Ec/I0 required from a transmitter to
enter the active set as the best server
Main terminals parameters

Frequency bands and related noise figures (dB)
Supported Layers
Maximum terminal power (dBm)
Gain (dB) and losses (dB)
Active set size
HSPA capability and HSPA-specific parameters

Display Options for UMTS Coverage Predictions
Prediction Type Display Parameter
Ec/I0
Pilot Quality Analysis (Ec/Io) Ec/I0 Margin
Ec
Transmitter, etc
Maximum Eb/Nt
Service Area (Eb/Nt) Downlink Effective Eb/Nt
Eb/Nt Margin
Required Power, etc
Maximum Eb/Nt
Effective Eb/Nt
Service Area (Eb/Nt) Uplink Eb/Nt Margin
Required Power
Soft Handover Gain, etc
Effective Service Area Unique, etc
Handoff Status
Handoff Zones Potential Active Transmitters
Pilot Pollution Analysis Number of Polluters
Minimum, Maximum or Average Noise Level
Total noise level Analysis Minimum, Maximum or Average Noise Rise

UMTS Prediction Examples (1/3)
Pilot quality analysis (CPICH Ec/Io)
Pilot pollution prediction

Service area (Eb/Nt) uplink

prediction
Effective service area

prediction

Handoff status prediction
Total noise level Analysis

Principles of HSDPA Predictions
HSDPA prediction can be calculated

To analyse the UL and DL A-DPCH qualities
To analyse the HS-SCCH quality/power
To model fast link adaptation for a single user within the cell
To model fast link adaptation for many users within the cell
To analyse the probability of having a certain HSDPA radio bearer
HSDPA prediction inputs

The cell total power
The cell HSDPA power
The HS-SCCH power
The number of HSDPA users within the cell if the prediction is calculated for several users
HSDPA user description: terminal, service and mobility type

Display Options for HSDPA Predictions
Prediction Objective Conditions Display Parameter

All HSDPA radio Max DL A-DPCH Eb/Nt
A-DPCH quality analysis
bearers considered Max UL A-DPCH Eb/Nt
HS-SCCH quality and power All HSDPA radio HS-SCCH Ec/Nt
prediction bearers considered HS-SCCH Power
HS-PDSCH Ec/Nt
CPICH/HS-PDSCH CQI
Fast link adaptation modelling for a All HSDPA radio
Peak RLC throughput
single User bearers considered
Effective MAC Throughput
Etc.
Effective MAC Throughput per User

Fast link adaptation modelling for All HSDPA radio
Effective RLC Throughput per User
several users bearers considered
Application Throughput per User
Probability of having a certain RLC One HSDPA radio

Cell Edge Coverage Probability
peak rate bearer selected

Fast Link Adaptation Modelling
Atoll determines the best HSDPA bearer that each user can obtain
Process : prediction done via look-up tables
CPICH/HS-PDSCH HSDPA bearer Look-up of peak

CQI calculation
Ec/Nt evaluation selection RLC throughput
Modelling for a single user

Each pixel of the map is considered as one single HSDPA user
Each HSDPA user is processed as if he was the only user in the cell => he uses the entire available
HSDPA power of the cell
Modelling for several users

Atoll considers several HSDPA users per pixel
Uses the parameter Number of HSDPA users in the cells properties
The cell HSDPA power is shared between users

HSDPA Prediction Example
HSDPA prediction display by peak RLC throughput (single user)

HSUPA Predictions (1/3)
HSUPA prediction can be calculated to analyse

The power required by the terminal
The required E-DPDCH quality
Throughputs
Noise Rise Scheduling Modelling

Atoll determines the best HSUPA bearer that each user can obtain
Process : prediction done via look-up tables
Load sharing Calculation of the

Calculation of the maximum E-DPDCH HSUPA bearer Look-up of peak
between
remaining load Ec/Nt allowed Selection RLC throughput
users

Two calculation options

HSUPA resources are dedicated to a single user
HSUPA resources are shared by several users
Modelling for a single user

Each pixel of the map is considered as one HSUPA user
Each HSUPA user is processed as if he is the only user in the cell => he uses the entire remaining
load of the cell
Modelling for several users

Atoll considers several HSUPA users per pixel
Uses the parameter Number of HSUPA users in the cells properties
The remaining load of the cell is equally shared between users

HSUPA prediction inputs

The cell UL load factor Cell UL load
The cell UL load factor due to HSUPA
The maximum cell UL load factor Maximum UL load
The number of HSUPA users within the cell if the prediction is

calculated for several users Remaining
UL load (R99 + HSUPA) UL load
The cell UL reuse factor
HSUPA user description: terminal, service and mobility type HSUPA
On each pixel, you can display

R99
The E-DPDCH Ec/Nt required to obtain the HSUPA bearer
The terminal power required to obtain the HSUPA bearer
The peak RLC throughput that the HSUPA bearer can provide
The minimum RLC throughput that the HSUPA bearer can provide
The average effective RLC throughput that the HSUPA bearer can
provide
The application throughput that the HSUPA bearer can provide

HSUPA Prediction Example
HSUPA prediction display by peak RLC throughput (single user)

Point Analysis (1/2)
AS analysis tab of the point analysis tool window
Radio reception analysis at a given point

Pilot quality
Active set of the probe mobile
R99, HSDPA and HSUPA connection statuses
Inputs
DL power used and UL load factor of cells for R99 bearer connection
Available HSDPA power of cells for HSDPA bearer users
UL load factor, UL load factor due to HSUPA, UL reuse factor and maximum UL load factor of cells
for HSUPA bearer users
User description: terminal, service and mobility type
Point analysis tool can be also made to verify a coverage prediction

Display the coverage prediction on the map
Recreate the conditions of the coverage prediction

Point Analysis (2/2)
AS determination
Active Set / handover status also
shown in the map-window
Best server in the Active

Set
Choice of UL/DL load conditions: if (cells table) is selected

Cells of the mobile Active
Analysis based on parameters from the cells table Set (greyed zone)
Pilot availability
R99 TCH availability in

UL and DL
HSDPA and HSUPA

availability
Point analysis setup Lower limit of the Active Set Best server threshold to be part of the
(identical as prediction (best pilot quality - Active Set Active Set (depending on the mobility
setup) threshold) type)

Multi-point Analysis (1/2)
Radio reception analysis for a list of points

Calculations on several points for the best server and other servers
R99 oriented results
RSCP
Pilot quality
DL and UL Eb/Nt
Inputs
List of points with their coordinates
DL power used and UL load factor of cells for R99 bearer connection
User description: terminal, service, mobility type and receiver height

Choice of UL/DL load conditions: if
Multi-point Analysis (2/2) (cells table) is selected
Analysis based on parameters
from the cells table
Points User definition
Carrier selection
Results

Training Programme

Detailed information about neighbours allocation is available in Atoll_3.3.2_Neighbours.pdf

Training Programme

6. Scrambling Code Planning
Prerequisites
General Settings
Automatic Allocation
Scrambling Code Search Tool
Scrambling Code Histograms
Scrambling Code Interference Zone Prediction

Automatic Scrambling Code Allocation Prerequisites
Activate and filter transmitters
Draw/Import a computation and/or a focus

zone
Define Scrambling code domain and group in

Network Settings
Define radio parameters at cells level

Scrambling Code Domain (optional)
SC locked: unlocked or locked
Minimum SC reuse distance (optional)
Import / calculate a neighbour plan

General Settings
512 scrambling codes available [0-511]

Used to distinguish cells from each other in DL
A thorough planning is required to avoid collisions
Scrambling code management in Atoll

Scrambling codes set in the cells properties
Definition of domains and groups of scrambling codes

1 domain = set of groups
1 group consists of several scrambling codes
A domain of SCs can be assigned to each cell
Allocation constraints in the cells properties

Locking option to enable or not automatic planning
Reuse distance (m)
Possibility to specify pairs of cells which cannot have the same scrambling code
Exceptional pairs

Automatic allocation tool

Constraints on neighbour relations
Allocation strategy
Start allocation

Allocation constraints
First, second and third order neighbours
Option to prevent Atoll from allocating the same SC to 1st, 2nd, or even 3rd order neighbours
Additional overlapping conditions

Similar to the coverage conditions in neighbours automatic allocation
Any cell that can enter the active set of a reference cell should be allocated a SC from the reference cell
Active set defined by the Min Ec/Io and Ec/Io margin values
Reuse distance
Minimum distance required to allocate the same SC in two cells (can be defined in the cells properties)
If not defined in the cell properties, Atoll takes into account the default value
Scrambling codes domains

If a domain is defined in the cells properties, Atoll will allocate SCs belonging to this domain only
Otherwise, Atoll considers the full set of SCs (512 available)
Exceptional pairs
Pairs of cells that cant share the same scrambling code

Allocation strategies
Clustered
Use a minimum number of clusters
Distributed per cell

Use as many clusters as possible
One cluster per site
Distributed per site

Use a group of adjacent clusters per site
Allocation options
Possibility to force the largest spectrum
possible
Possibility to allocate carriers identically
Number of scrambling codes per cluster

Examples of allocation strategies
Conditions:
3 clusters consisted of 8 codes:

- cluster 0 : 0 to 7
Maximum use of codes

Clustered Distributed per cell
Inter-site distance > reuse distance
Only co-sites neighbours exist
One cluster per site Distributed per site

Allocation results
Allocation result
Commit scrambling codes to cells

Scrambling Code Search Tool
Tool to view scrambling code reuse on the map
Calculate a coverage by
transmitter and display it on the Scrambling code or group of scrambling
map codes to be located on the map
Colours given to
transmitters
List of transmitters which
cells have the defined Red: transmitters which
scrambling code cells have the specified
scrambling code
Grey: other transmitters

Scrambling Code Histograms
View of the scrambling code distribution
Scrambling code or cluster distribution
Distribution table

Scrambling Code Interference Zone Prediction
Display of scrambling code interference zones according to the interfered transmitter

Scrambling code interference when the best server and other cells satisfying conditions to enter the
user active set have the same scrambling code

Training Programme

Detailed information about Monte-Carlo based simulations is available in

Atoll_3.3.2_MonteCarlo_Simulations.pdf

Appendix

UMTS parameters
RSCP Received Signal Code Power

Receive level for the pilot channel CPICH. This parameter is used for the Handover and cell selection.
RSSI Received Signal Strength Indicator

Receive level over the complete 5MHz bandwidth.
Ec/No Receiver energy per chip divided by the total noise power density
The higher the Ec/No value, the better the signal can be dissociated from overall noise
No = consists of three important components : interfering ( non-orthogonal), power, thermal noise.
The Ec/No for a UE is the PCPICH measurement (RSCP) over total bandwidth (RSSI)
Ec/No [dB] = RSCP [dBm] RSSI [dBm]

HSDPA throughput calculation
The different throughput calculated for the RLC layer are the recommended throughput as
these are more realistic. Nowadays, the MAC throughputs are not really used. However,
they correspond to the value announced by the 3GPP standards (21 Mbits/s in DL in single
carrier and 42 Mbits in dual carrier).
Peak RLC Throughput

=
Peak RLC Thput per serving cell in bits per second. This value can be found in the HSPA bearer table located in
Parameters/UMTS Network Settings/Radio Bearers. This value is selected depending on the Radio bearer index.
Effective RLC Throughput

=
Peak RLC Thput per serving cell in bits per second can be found in the HSPA bearer table located in
Parameters/UMTS Network Settings/Radio Bearers. This value is selected depending on the Radio bearer index
TTI is the minimum number of transmissions between two TTI. This parameter is equal to 1 for all the UE
categories except categories 0 to 4 and 11 which correspond to the first phone versions on the market. This value
is available in the HSPA UE categories table located in Parameters/UMTS Network Settings/UE categories.

Average Effective RLC Throughput

=
Peak RLC Thput per Cell in kbits (refer to the Peal RLC Thput formula)
BLER: Downlink block error rate read from the graphs available in UMTS Network Settings / Reception Equipment.
The BLER value can be different for each carrier.
TTI is the minimum number of transmissions between two TTI. This parameter is equal to 1 for all the UE
categories except categories 0 to 4 and 11 which are not used anymore in the existing networks. This value is
available in the HSPA UE categories table located in Parameters/UMTS Network Settings/UE categories.
Application Throughput
= ( )/

Average Effective RLC throughput in kbps (refer to previous formula)
Throughput scaling factor defined in the properties of the service used by the pixel (Traffic parameters / Services)
Throughput offset defined in the properties of the service used by the pixel (Traffic parameters / Services)

Average Effective RLC Throughput per user

=
=

Sum of the Average Effective RLC Thput of each HSDPA users
N HSDPA users: Number of HSDPA users connected to the cell in downlink (Parameter available in the cell table)
Application Throughput per user

=
=

Sum of the Application Thput of each HSDPA users
Peak MAC Throughput

=
Transport Block size in kbits of the selected bearer (HSDPA radio bearers table)
TTI duration defined by the 3GPP: 2 x 10-3s

Effective MAC Throughput

=
TTI duration defined by the 3GPP: 2x10-3s
TTI is the minimum number of transmission between two TTI. This parameter is equal to 1 for all the UE categories
except categories 0 to 4 and 11 which are not used anymore. This value is available in the HSPA UE categories table
located in Parameters/UMTS Network Settings/UE categories.
Average Effective MAC Throughput per user

=
=

Sum of the Effective MAC Thput of each HSDPA users

How is the Peak RLC throughput calculated (displayed in the HSDPA bearer table): This
calculated throughput is linked to the number of RLC PDUs that can be considered in the
transport block. The RLC PDU size is 336 bits.
( . )
=

TTI duration defined by the 3GPP: 2x10-3s
TTI is the minimum number of transmission between two TTI. This parameter is equal to 1 for all the UE
categories except categories 0 to 4 and 11 which are not used anymore. This value is available in the HSPA UE
categories table located in Parameters/UMTS Network Settings/UE categories.
The MUD factor available in the terminal properties has an impact on the HS-PDSCH Ec/Nt
used for the bearer selection (Reception equipment table), thus the throughput calculation
will be impacted by this parameter. For information, the recommended value for this
parameter is 0.75.
The parameter TTI used in different formulas is not impacting the calculation as its value is
1 in most cases. It can be different to one only for the first generation of 3G phones
introduced in the market: categories 0 to 4 and 11.

Thank you

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Atoll UMTS HSPA Features

Confidential Do not share without prior permission

1. UMTS and HSPA Concepts

2. UMTS HSPA Workflow in Atoll

3. Modelling a UMTS HSPA Network

4. UMTS, HSDPA and HSUPA Predictions

6. Scrambling Codes Planning

7. Monte-Carlo Based Simulation

Confidential Forsk 2017 | 2

HSPA Evolution Concepts

Confidential Forsk 2017 | 3

UMTS HSPA HSPA+ HSPA-E

R11 Multi Carrier

Confidential Forsk 2017 | 4

Supports multiservice + variable bit rate to offer bandwidth on demand

Coverage linked to traffic load and services : Cell breathing

Confidential Forsk 2017 | 5

CPICH - Common Pilot Channel

Between 5 and 20 % of the maximum carrier power

Pilot signal level

Pilot quality analysis (CPICH Ec/Io)

Confidential Forsk 2017 | 6

Different types of soft handovers

Admission of other transmitters in active set

Confidential Forsk 2017 | 7

WCDMA reception parameter

Eb: Energy of one bit ( Ws/ kb that is to say J / kb)

C / I: interference ratio used in GSM/TDMA planning (W / W)

Confidential Forsk 2017 | 8

Closed-loop power control compensating a

Confidential Forsk 2017 | 9

Technical aspects modelled in Atoll

Confidential Forsk 2017 | 10

New transport and physical channels in downlink

HS-SCCH (High Speed Shared Control Channel)

Confidential Forsk 2017 | 11

New physical channel in uplink

Fast link adaptation instead of power control

Adaptive DL data rate by changing:

Confidential Forsk 2017 | 12

Fast scheduling at Node B

Different scheduling techniques

Exemple: max C/I technique

Confidential Forsk 2017 | 13

Technical aspects modelled in Atoll

Confidential Forsk 2017 | 14

New transport and physical channels on the uplink

E-DPCCH (Enhanced Dedicated Physical Control Channel)

Confidential Forsk 2017 | 15

New physical channels on the downlink

E-RGCH (Relative Grant Channel)

E-HICH (H-ARQ Indicator Channel)

Confidential Forsk 2017 | 16

HSUPA support fast link adaptation

Fast scheduling at Node B

Soft handover is supported

Confidential Forsk 2017 | 17

New features introduced in releases 7 and beyond to enhance HSPA performance

Support of higher-order modulation schemes Rel.7

Use of Multi Carrier technique Rel.8-10 5 MHz 5 MHz

Confidential Forsk 2017 | 18

1. UMTS and HSPA Concepts

2. UMTS HSPA Workflow in Atoll