29/07/2017 Computing Vedic Planetary Positions, as per Vedic Astronomy and Mathematics

By
Govind Kumar

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The Starting of the Epoch is 13/04/1899, the Karana Arambha. The

sidereal positions of planets are given at the time of the Epoch ( at the
Sunrise Time at Trivandrum, Kerala, India ). The computations are
based on Vedic Astronomy ( Siddhanta ) & Vedic Mathematics.

The Sidereal Positions of planets

Planet Sign Degree Mins Secs Tatpara

Sun 11 28 33 50 44
Moon 0 29 40 21 1
Moon's
3 12 39 15 19
Apogee
North
8 10 38 45 40
Node
Mars 4 13 45 4 40
Mercury 5 11 38 31 41
Jupiter 6 13 47 42 7
Venus 8 19 49 11 32
Saturn 7 25 20 11 55

M = Mean Anomaly of the planet; A = Aphelion of the Planet; L =

Mean Longitude of the Planet; e = orbital eccentricity; mjv = orbital
eccentricity in seconds; Sheegra Kendra = The Anomaly of
Conjunction; Sheegroccha = Perihelion; Mandoccha = Aphelion;
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29/07/2017 Computing Vedic Planetary Positions, as per Vedic Astronomy and Mathematics

Sheeghra Phala = The Angle between the Planet, the Sun and Earth;
Oja = Odd; Yugma = Even; Manda Kendra = The angle between
position and Aphelion; Sheeghra Kendra Ardha = A/2, half of Sheegra
Kendra; Kranti Vritta = Ecliptic; Vikshepa Vritta = Heliocentric
Circle; Kshithija = Celestial Horizon; Bha Chakra = Zodiac; Vishuvat
Vritta = Celestial Equator; Khagoleeya Dhruva Rekha = Celestial
Meridien; Vishu Vat Bhoga = Right Ascension( R A ); Meshadi = The
First Point of Aries; Thuladi = The First Point of Libra; Karkyadi =
The First Point of Cancer; Makaradi = The First Point of Capricorn;
Theta = True Longitude of the planet; v = True Anomaly; Manda
Karna = Radius Vector, heliocentric distance; Sheeghra Karna =
geocentric vector, distance of the planet from the earth; Ravi Manda
Karna = Sun's distance; Nathamsa = Altitude of the Planet; Digamsa =
Azimuth. Bhaga, Kala, Vikala = Deg, Mins, Secs; Madhyama Manda
Karna = Average Vector; Patha = Node; Thidhi - D or Day or Lunar
Day, the first Lunar Day being the Moon within 12 degrees of the Sun;
Vara - Day of the Week; Bhujajya = R Sin; Kotijya = R Cos; Sparsajya =
Tan; Sparsachapa= Atan; Bhujachapa = Asin; Kotichapa = Acos;
Pranakalanthara= Difference between Tropical Longitudes and R A;
Kala Hora = Planetary Hours; Hora = Hour; Chara Jya = Sin C; Manda
Jya = Sin M; Parinathi Jya = Sin h; Guru Sani Karsha- Perturbations of
Jupiter and Saturn; Chandra Karsha - Perturbations of the Moon;
Chathurdasa Jya Samskaras - 14 trignometric corrections to the Moon;
Vikshepa - Celestial Latitude; Kranti - Declination; Dhruva = R A ;
Sphuta = Celestial Longitude; Indra - Uranus; Varuna = Neptune;
Rudra = Pluto; Kala = Phobos; Mrityu = Deimos; Gulika = Titan;
Yamakandaka = Ganymede; Vipatendu = Mean Longitude of the
Moon - Node of the Moon ; Manda Karna - heliocentric distance;
Sheegra Karna - geocentric distance of the planet, Parama Vikshepa/
Sara - the angular distance of the orbital plane from the Ecliptic
Parama Manda Karna - Maximum Vector, Laghu Manda Karna -
Minimum Vector; Vipata Kendra - the angle between Position and the
Node; Sheegra Kendra - the angle between Position of the planet and
the Earth Sun Vector.

Sara - Reverse Sine, 1-cos x, Chapa - Arcsine. The Arcsine resembles a

Bow,Chapa and Versine, Arrow, Sara, according to the Indian
mathematicians !

The Three Methods of Vedic Astronomy& Mathematics

1) Zodiacal Longitudes - The First Method is to compute the longitudes

of the planets along the Ecliptic ( Kranti Vritta ). Western astronomers
have accepted 0 degree Aries as the First Point of the Tropical Zodiac
and Vedic astronomers have accepted 0 degree Beta Arietis ( Aswini ) as
the First Point of the Sidereal Zodiac. Extending 9 degrees to either side
of the Ecliptic is the Great Circle of Light, the Zodiac.

2) Celestial Equatorial
Longitudes - The Second

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29/07/2017 Computing Vedic Planetary Positions, as per Vedic Astronomy and Mathematics

Method is to compute the

longitudes along the
Celestial Equator ( Vishuvat
Kasam

Vritta ). The Starting Point is

0 degree Aries. The
longitudes thus obtained is
called the Right Ascension (
R A ) of Planets.

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3)Celestial Horizontal
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longitudes along the Celestial Horizon. The Eastern Celestial Horizon,
the intersecting point between the Ecliptic and the Celestial Horizon, is
called the Ascendant ( Udaya Lagna ). 180 degrees opposite to that point
is called the Western Celestial Horizon ( Astha Lagna ). The highest point
on the Celestial Horizon is called the Zenith ( Madhya Lagna or MC ) and
the lowest point, the Nadir ( Patala Lagna or IC ). The Original Point of
the Celestial Horizon is the Northern Point on the Celestial Horizon.

The Vedic Method is Longitude corrected thrice, through 3 major trignometric corrections
called
Manda Kriya ( Reduction to True Anomaly )

Parinathi Kriya ( Reduction to Ecliptic )

& Sheeghra Kriya ( Reduction to Geocentric Coordinates ).

Reduction to the Heliocentric Coordinate System

I . Reduction to True Anomaly ( Manda Kriya )

After finding the Mean Longitude of the Planet, the Mean Anomaly of the
Planet is calculated as per the formula

Mean Anomaly = Mean Longitude - Aphelion ( M = L - A ).

The Manda Jya Vikalakal ( mjv , eccentricity in seconds ) is computed

as per the formula

mjv = R (2 e - 1/4 e^3 + 5/95 e^5 ) Sin A + R (5/4 e^2 - 11/24 e^2 +
17/192 e^2 ) Sin 2 A + R ( 13/12 e^3 - 43/64 e^5 ) Sin 3 A + R ( 103/ 96
e^4 - 451 / 480 e ^5 ) Sin 4 A + R ( 1097/960 e ^5 ) Sin 5 A + R (1223/960
e ^ 6 ) Sin 6 A

A = Mean Anomaly of the Planet + 6 Signs or M + 180. R is 206265

seconds

This value MJV is deducted or added to M, the Mean Anomaly of the

Planet to get the True Anomaly of the planet, v
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29/07/2017 Computing Vedic Planetary Positions, as per Vedic Astronomy and Mathematics

v = M + or - mjv

If the Mean Anomaly ( Manda Kendra ) is greater than 6 Signs, it is

added and if it is less than 6 Signs ( 180 degrees ), it is subtracted.

The Radius Vector ( Manda Karna ) is computed using the formula

Manda Karna = a ( 1+ 1/2 e^2 ) - e ( 1- 3/8 e^2) Cos A - 1/2 e^2 ( 1- 2/3
e^2 ) Cos 2 A - 3/8 e^3 Cos 3 A - 1/3 e^4 Cos 4 A )

where a is the semi major axis ( Madhyama Manda Karna ) of the planet.
Semi Major Axis is the average distance of the planet expressed in
AU.The Sun's a is 1 AU or 149 million kilometres from the earth. It is to
be noted that at 90 degrees the Manda Karna of the planet equals Semi
Major Axis because Cos 90 = 0.

Reduction to the Ecliptic Coordinate System

II. Reduction to the Ecliptic ( Parinathi Kriya )

The Ascending Node of the planet is deducted to get the Y, the planet
minus the Node.

Y = True Anomaly of the Planet - Node of the planet

First the latitude of the

planet is computed as per the
formula

Sin l = Sin L Sin Y

where l is the latitude of the

planet, Y is the Longitude of
the planet after deducting the
Node and L is the maximum
latitude of the planet

The mean longitude of the

planet after Manda Kriya is
reduced to the Ecliptic
Coordinate System . The formula used is

Sin h = ( 1-Cos L Sin Y Cos Y /cos l )

where the l is the latitude of the planet, Y is the Longitude of the planet
after deducting the Node and L is the maximum latitude of the planet
and h is the Parinathi Phalam, the factor which is to be added or
subtracted to the True Anomaly. ( This is also the formula used for
computing the Sun's Pranakalanthara which is the difference between
Tropical longitudes and Right Ascension ).
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29/07/2017 Computing Vedic Planetary Positions, as per Vedic Astronomy and Mathematics

i or Inclination or inclinent of Orbit, is known as Parama Vikshepa, the

angular distance of the orbital plane from our plane of reference, the
Ecliptic. This is also known as Sara. For Mercury, it is 7 degrees and for
Jove it is 1.31 degrees.

The first 3 Signs are Odd ( Oja ), the next 3 Signs are Even ( Yugma ), the
next 3 Signs are Odd ( Oja ) and the next 3 signs are Even ( Yugma ).

The Parinathi Phalam is added if the Signs are Yugma and subtracted if
it is Oja to True Anomaly to get the Ecliptic degree.

Ecliptic Degree = True Anomaly + or - Parinathi Phalam

The Heliocentric distance or Manda Karna ( Kranthi Vritheeya Manda Karna

) is computed as per the formula

Kranthi Vritheeya Manda Karna = Vikshepa Vritheeya Manda Karna * cos l

Reduction to the Geocentric Coordinate System

III Sheeghra Kriya- Reduction to Geocentric Coordinates

The Sheeghra Anomaly

When the longitude of the Sun is deducted from the Ecliptic Degree thus
obtained, we get the Sheeghra Anomaly, the angle between the Sun and
the planet

Sheeghra Anomaly = Heliocentric longitude of planet - Longitude of the

Mean Sun.

x, Sheeghra Phalam is the angle formed between the Sun, the planet and
the Earth. It is computed as per the formula

Tan A/2 - x = ( b - a) /( b + a) Tan A/2

where A is the Sheeghra Kendra, a is the Ravi Manda Karna ( Sun's

distance ), b the Graha Manda Karna ( distance of the planet from the
Sun ) and x the Sheeghra Phalam

Arka Sphutoniham Kheda Mandasphuta mihoditham

Sparsajya Sheegrakendrardha Labhda karnathara hatha
Karna Yoga hritha bhooya sparsa chapatmaka kritha
Shoditha sheegrakendrardhal syath phalam sheegrasamjnakam

The Sheeghra Phalam is added if the Signs are greater than 6 and
subtracted if the Signs are less than 6 .

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29/07/2017 Computing Vedic Planetary Positions, as per Vedic Astronomy and Mathematics

There is another method of computing Sheeghra Karna, the geocentric

distance of the planet. . Sheeghra Karna can be computed by the following
formula

c^2 = a^2 +b ^2 + 2 a b Cos A and the Sheegra Phalam can be obtained

by

sin x = a Sin A /c for Jupiter, Mars and Saturn &

sin x = b Sin A /c for Mercury and Venus

True Longitude of the Planet = Heliocentric Longitude of the Planet - or

+ Sheegra Phalam.

If the Mandaphalam is m and p is Parinathi Phalam and s is Sheegra

Phalam, then

Truelong = Meanlong + or - m + or - p + or - s

For Mercury and Venus, the computation is slightly different. The

Sheeghra Phalam thus obtained is subtracted from the Sun's longitude if
the Signs are more than 6 and added if the Signs are less than 6.

This method of Longitudes Corrected Thrice is highlighted in Puliyoor's

Ganitha Nirnaya and Bhaskara's Ganitha Adhyaya. Achyuta Pisharody's
Sphuta Nirnaya also deals with the calculations in Indian Astronomy.
Other reference books are Maha Bhaskareeya, Aryabhateeya and Brahma
Sphuta Siddhanta.

In Mathematics there are many methods and the Western Method is to

find the True Anomaly of the Planet and to it add the Argument of
Perihelion ( Long = v + w ). The Eccentric Anomaly of the Planet ( an
auxiliary angle used in Kepler's equations ) is computed from the Mean
Anomaly and the True Anomaly is computed from it . The Argument of
Perihelion is added to it to get the true longitude. v is the Angle between
the Planet and Perihelion and w is the angle between the Node and
Perihelion. The perturbations of the Moon, Jupiter and Saturn are
included in these computations. Some large perturbations of the Moon,
viz the Evection, the Annual Equation, the Variation and the Parallactic
Equation, with the equations of the Center, are all included. While the
Western Method is to give 12 corrections to the Moon's longitude, the
Vedic method is to subject the Mean longitude of the Moon to 16
trignometric corrections.( 14 reductions plus Manda Kriya & Parinathi Kriya
).

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29/07/2017 Computing Vedic Planetary Positions, as per Vedic Astronomy and Mathematics

Then find out the Cartesian coordinates, x,y and z and then convert it to
Spherical Coordinates, r, Theta and Phi. This Western method is not at
all similar to the Indian one.
Your Horoscope 2017
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Mathematical Method is to
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the Planet to three major dd mm yyyy gender

trignometric reductions. Also the

other planets. Our friend Paul SUBMIT
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Positions as per the Western

System. Our congratulations to him. Here we give the Vedic Method as
expounded by Aryabhata, Bhaskara, Brahmagupta, Madhava,
Jyesthtadeva, Parameswara and countless other Vedic astronomers in the
18 Siddhantas ( treatises on Astronomy), written 5000 years ago !

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