Lecture #1 Contents

Java and its Evolution
Java Introduction

A Shirt History

Java Features

Java Editions
Instructor:
Evolution of Java Language
Khalid Raza
Comparing Java with C++ & Other OOPL
Department of Computer Science
Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India
Java Programming Environment
Email: kraza@jmi.ac.in | Home Page: www.kraza.in

Summary

Instructor: K. Raza

Introduction

Java is not only a programming language. Java is
a whole platform, with a huge library containing
lots of reusable code and execution environment
such as security, portability cross OS and
automatic garbage collection
Write Once, Run Anywhere
A Brief History

Developer : Patrick Naughton
Games Gosling
Chris Worth, Arthur Van

Project Name:
Green Project (Started in 1991)

Purpose: To design a computer
language that could be used for
consumer devices like T.V. switchbox,
VCR, Washing Machine, etc.

Old Name: Oak

First Release: 1996 (Java 1.0)

Slogal: Write Once, Run Anywhere

Hotjava: A web-browser developed
using Java

Instructor: K. Raza Instructor: K. Raza

The Java White Paper Buzzwords
(Features): Total=11 Java Editions

Simple
J2SE (Java 2 Standard Edition)

Object-oriented Core Java, Client-side Programming

Distributed

Robust

Secure
J2EE (Java 2 Enterprise Edition)

Architecture Neutral Advance Java, Server-side Programming

Portable

Interpreted

J2ME (Java 2 Micro Edition)

High Performance
Consumer Electronics Programming

Multi-threaded

Dynamic

Instructor: K. Raza Instructor: K. Raza

Evolution of Java Language Java is Compiled and Interpreted

Versions Year New Features No. of classes
Hardware and
& interfaces Programmer
Operating System
1.0 1996 Language itself 211
1.1 1997 Inner classes, JavaBeans, 477
JDBC, RMI Source Code Byte Code
1.2 1998 Swing, Collection 1524
Framework, JIT Text Editor Compiler Interpreter
1.3 2000 CORBA, JavaSound, JNDI 1840 .java file .class file
1.4 2002 IPV6, Java Web Start, NIO 2723
Notepad, javac java
5.0 2004 Genric Class, for-each 3270 appletviewer
loop emacs,vi
netscape
6.0 2006 JDBC 4.0, GUI & JVM
onwards improvement
Instructor: K. Raza Instructor: K. Raza
Total Platform Independence Architecture Neutral & Portable

JAVA COMPILER
Java Compiler - Java source code (file with

(translator) extension .java) to bytecode (file with
extension .class)
JAVA BYTE CODE
(same for all platforms)
Bytecode - an intermediate form, closer to
machine representation
JAVA INTERPRETER
(one for each different system)

A interpreter (virtual machine) on any target
platform interprets the bytecode.

Windows 95 Macintosh Solaris Windows NT

Instructor: K. Raza Instructor: K. Raza

Rich Class Environment

Overlap of C, C++, and Java

Core Classes
language
Utilities
Input/Output C++
Low-Level Networking
Abstract Graphical User Interface
C Java

Internet Classes
TCP/IP Networking
WWW and HTML
Distributed Programs

Instructor: K. Raza Instructor: K. Raza

Java better than C++ ? Object Oriented Languages -A Comparison

No Typedefs, Defines, or Preprocessor Feature C++ Objective Ada Java

No Global Variables C
Encapsulation Yes Yes Yes Yes

No Goto statements
Inheritance Yes Yes No Yes

No Pointers
Multiple Inherit. Yes Yes No No

No Unsafe Structures Polymorphism Yes Yes Yes Yes

No Multiple Inheritance Binding (Early or Late) Both Both Early Late

No Operator Overloading Concurrency Poor Poor Difficult Yes

No Fragile Data Types Garbage Collection No Yes No Yes
Genericity Yes No Yes Limited
Class Libraries Yes Yes Limited Yes

Instructor: K. Raza Instructor: K. Raza

Applications versus Applets

Java Applications

Using J2SE, we can develop two types of
Java programs:
 Stand-alone applications
 Web applications (applets)

Using J2EE, we can developed client-
server based applications.

Different ways to run a Java executable
are:
Application- A stand-alone program executed by JVM. A
program that has a main
main method
Applet- A program embedded in a web page , to be run
when the page is browsed . A program that contains no
main method

Instructor: K. Raza Instructor: K. Raza

Java Development Kit Process of Building and Running
Java Programs
Text Editor

javac - The Java Compiler

java - The Java Interpreter Java Source
javadoc HTML Files
Code

javap - To print the Java Class Description

jdb- The Java Debugger javac

appletviewer -Tool to run the applets

Java Class File javah Header Files

javaprof - Java profiler

javadoc - documentation generator
java jdb

javah - creates C header files

Outout
Instructor: K. Raza Instructor: K. Raza

Installing & Configuring Java Installing & Configuring Contd

Downloading
Setting Path

On Windows:
SET PATH=C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.6.0_10\bin; %PATH%

On Unix:
set path=(/usr/local/jdk/bin: $path)

On Linux:
export path=/usr/local/jdk/bin: $path

Instructor: K. Raza Instructor: K. Raza

Installing & Configuring Contd Directory Structure
Choosing IDE: You have three choices
Jdk Name may vary, e.g. jdk6.0

bin Compiler & tools

Use JDK and your favourite text editor.
demo Demo files
Compile and launch program in a shell.
docs Library documentation in HTML format
include Files for compiling native methods

Use IDE such as Eclipse, NetBean, etc. jre Java Runtime Environment files
lib Library files

Use JDK & text editor that is integrated src The library sources
with JDK, e.g. Emac, TextPad, JEdit, etc. (after expanding src.zip)

Instructor: K. Raza Instructor: K. Raza

Hello Java

Let us Try Out // hello.java: Hello Java program

class HelloJava
Building first Java Program {
public static void main(String args[])
{
System.out.println(Hello Java);
}
}

Instructor: K. Raza
Program Processing Simple Java Applet

Compilation //HelloWorld.java
# javac hello.java import java.applet.Applet;
results in HelloInternet.class import java.awt.*;

Execution
# java HelloJava
public class HelloWorld extends Applet {
Hello Java
public void paint(Graphics g) {
#
g.drawString (Hello World !,25, 25);

}
}

Instructor: K. Raza Instructor: K. Raza

Calling an Applet
Applet Execution
<HTML>
<TITLE>HELLO WORLD APPLET</TITLE>
<HEAD>THE HELLO WORLD APPLET</HEAD>
<APPLET CODE=HelloWorld.class width=500 height=500>
</APPLET>
</HTML>

Using AppletViewer
Using Browser

Instructor: K. Raza Instructor: K. Raza

Summary Recommended Books for J2SE

Java has emerged as a general purpose
OO language.

It supports both stand alone and Internet
Applications.

Provides an excellent set of Tools for
Application Development.

Instructor: K. Raza Instructor: K. Raza

Assignments Whats Next

Try to write one stand-alone and one
Fundamental Programming Structures
applet program  Data Types
 Variables
 Operators
 Strings
 Input and Outputs
 Control Flow
 Arrays

Instructor: K. Raza Instructor: K. Raza